34 results on '"Xin-Xin, Shen"'
Search Results
2. Applicability of duplex real time and lateral flow strip reverse-transcription recombinase aided amplification assays for the detection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16
- Author
-
Xin-na Li, Xin-xin Shen, Ming-hui Li, Ju-ju Qi, Rui-huan Wang, Qing-xia Duan, Rui-qing Zhang, Tao Fan, Xue-ding Bai, Guo-hao Fan, Yao Xie, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Enterovirus 71 ,Coxsackievirus A16 ,Hand foot and mouth disease ,Duplex ,Reverse-transcription recombinase aided amplification assays ,Internal amplification controls (IAC) ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are the two main etiological agents of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD). Simple and rapid detection of EV71 and CA16 is critical in resource-limited settings. Methods Duplex real time reverse-transcription recombinase aided amplification (RT-RAA) assays incorporating competitive internal amplification controls (IAC) and visible RT-RAA assays combined with lateral flow strip (LFS) for detection of EV71 and CA16 were developed respectively. Duplex real time RT-RAA assays were performed at 42 °C within 30 min using a portable real-time fluorescence detector, while LFS RT-RAA assays were performed at 42 °C within 30 min in an incubator. Recombinant plasmids containing conserved VP1 genes were used to analyze the sensitivities of these two methods. A total of 445 clinical specimens from patients who were suspected of being infected with HFMD were used to evaluate the performance of the assays. Results The limit of detection (LoD) of the duplex real time RT-RAA for EV71 and CA16 was 47 copies and 38 copies per reaction, respectively. The LoD of the LFS RT-RAA for EV71 and CA16 were both 91 copies per reaction. There was no cross reactivity with other enteroviruses. Compared to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the clinical diagnostic sensitivities of the duplex real time RT-RAA assay were 92.3% for EV71 and 99.0% for CA16, and the clinical diagnostic specificities were 99.7 and 100%, respectively. The clinical diagnostic sensitivities of the LFS RT-RAA assay were 90.1% for EV71 and 94.9% for CA16, and the clinical diagnostic specificities were 99.7 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The developed duplex real time RT-RAA and LFS RT-RAA assays for detection of EV71 and CA16 are potentially suitable in primary clinical settings.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A rapid and sensitive recombinase aided amplification assay incorporating competitive internal control to detect Bordetella pertussis using the DNA obtained by boiling
- Author
-
Rui-qing Zhang, Gui-xia Li, Xin-na Li, Xin-xin Shen, Yuan Gao, Le Wang, Tao Fan, Qing-xia Duan, Ya-kun Wang, Ji Wang, Zhi-shan Feng, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: Pertussis is a highly transmissible acute respiratory infection caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid, simple and sensitive diagnostic test for detecting this pathogen. Methods: Here we present a recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay incorporating competitive internal amplification control (IAC) to detect Bordetella pertussis using the DNA obtained by boiling. This assay was performed in a single closed tube at 39 °C within 30 min. A total of 115 clinical samples suspected of pertussis were collected and tested by the internally controlled RAA assay using both extracted DNA with the commercial kit and the DNA obtained by boiling. For comparison, the real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was also performed with DNA extraction in parallel. Results: The sensitivity of the internally controlled RAA assay was 101 copies or 10 CFU/ml per reaction in detecting plasmid DNA or B. pertussis strain. The optimum concentration of the IAC plasmid was determined to be 100 copies, and the introduction of IAC effectively reduced the occurrence of false negatives. Compared to the RT-PCR, RAA results with DNA extraction obtained 100% sensitivity and specificity, and the RAA results with heat-treated DNA showed 85.96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion: With the advantages of 45 min turn-around time and simple steps of DNA purification, this assay could become a useful diagnostic tool for Bordetella pertussis detection and is potentially suitable for point-of-care identification to guide prompt clinical treatment. Keywords: Recombinase aided amplification, Bordetella pertussis, Internal amplification control
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Development and evaluation of recombinase-aided amplification assays incorporating competitive internal controls for detection of human adenovirus serotypes 3 and 7
- Author
-
Rui-huan Wang, Hong Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xin-na Li, Xin-xin Shen, Ju-ju Qi, Guo-hao Fan, Xing-yu Xiang, Zhi-fei Zhan, Zi-wei Chen, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Pneumonia ,Human adenovirus ,Duplex recombinase aided amplification ,Detection ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Human adenoviruses are a common group of viruses that cause acute infectious diseases. Human adenovirus (HAdV) 3 and HAdV 7 cause major outbreaks of severe pneumonia. A reliable and practical method for HAdV typing in clinical laboratories is lacking. A simple, rapid and accurate molecular typing method for HAdV may facilitate clinical diagnosis and epidemiological control. Methods We developed and evaluated duplex real-time recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assays incorporating competitive internal controls for detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7, respectively. The assays were performed in a one-step in a single tube reaction at 39° for 20 min. Results The analytical sensitivities of the duplex RAA assays for HAdV 3 and HAdV 7 were 5.0 and 14.8 copies per reaction, respectively (at 95% probability by probit regression analysis). No cross-reaction was observed with other types of HAdV or other common respiratory viruses. The duplex RAA assays were used to detect 152 previously-defined HAdV-positive samples. These results agreed with those obtained using a published triplex quantitative real-time PCR protocol. Conclusions We provide the first report of internally-controlled duplex RAA assays for the detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7. These assays effectively reduce the rate of false negative results and may be valuable for detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7 in clinical laboratories, especially in resource-poor settings.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A rapid and sensitive recombinase aided amplification assay to detect hepatitis B virus without DNA extraction
- Author
-
Xin-xin Shen, Fang-zhou Qiu, Li-Ping Shen, Ten-fei Yan, Meng-chuan Zhao, Ju-Ju Qi, Chen Chen, Li Zhao, Le Wang, Zhi-shan Feng, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Hepatitis B virus ,Detection ,Recombinase aided amplification ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major public health problem worldwide. In clinical practice, serological and molecular assays are the most commonly used diagnostic methods to detect HBV infection in clinical practices. Methods Here we present a rapid and sensitive recombinase aided amplification assay (RAA) to detect HBV at 39.0 °C for 30 min without DNA extraction from serum samples. The analytical sensitivity of RAA assay was 100 copies per reaction and showed no cross reaction with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The universality of RAA assay was validated by testing of 41 archived serum samples with predefined HBV genotypes (B, C and D). Results A total of 130 archived suspected HBV infected serum samples were detected by commercial qPCR with DNA extraction and RAA assay without DNA extraction (heat-treatment). Compared with qPCR assay as a reference, the RAA assay obtained 95.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity and a kappa value of 0.818. Conclusions We developed a rapid, convenient, highly sensitive and specific method to detect HBV without DNA extraction in clinical samples. This RAA method of HBV detection is very suitable for clinical testing.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Adenovirus associated with acute diarrhea: a case-control study
- Author
-
Fang-zhou Qiu, Xin-xin Shen, Gui-xia Li, Li Zhao, Chen Chen, Su-xia Duan, Jing-yun Guo, Meng-chuan Zhao, Teng-fei Yan, Ju-Ju Qi, Le Wang, Zhi-shan Feng, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Diarrhea ,HAdV ,Case-control ,Serotypes ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Diarrhea is a major source of morbidity and mortality among young children in low-income and middle-income countries. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), particular HAdV species F (40, 41) has been recognized as important causal pathogens, however limited data exist on molecular epidemiology of other HAdV associated with acute gastroenteritis. Methods In the present preliminary study, we performed a case-control study involving 273 children who presented diarrheal disease and 361 healthy children matched control in Children’s hospital of Hebei Province (China) to investigate the relationship between non-enteric HAdV and diarrhea. HAdV were detected and quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and serotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was used to assess the risk factor of HAdV. Results HAdV were detected in 79 (28.94%) of 273 children with diarrhea including 7 different serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5 and 57) with serotypes 40, 41 and 3 being the most dominant and in 26 (7.20%) of 361 healthy children containing 9 serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5,57,6 and 31). A majority (91.14%) of HAdV positives occurred in diarrhea children and 65.38% in controls
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A triplex quantitative real-time PCR assay for differential detection of human adenovirus serotypes 2, 3 and 7
- Author
-
Fang-zhou Qiu, Xin-xin Shen, Meng-chuan Zhao, Li Zhao, Su-xia Duan, Chen Chen, Ju-Ju Qi, Gui-xia Li, Le Wang, Zhi-shan Feng, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Pneumonia ,HAdV ,Triplex quantitative real-time PCR ,Clinical ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) serotypes 2, 3 and 7 are more prevalent than other serotypes and have been associated with severe pneumonia in pediatric children. Molecular typing of HAdV is not routinely performed in clinical diagnostic laboratories as it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Methods In the present study, we developed a triplex quantitative real-time PCR assay (tq-PCR) in a single closed tube for differential detection and quantitative analysis of HAdV serotypes 2, 3 and 7. The sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and clinical performance of tq-PCR were evaluated. Results The analytical sensitivity of the tq-PCR was 100 copies/reaction for each of HAdV serotypes 2, 3 and 7, and no cross-reaction with other common respiratory viruses or HAdV serotypes 1,4,5,6,31,55 and 57 was observed. The coefficients of variation (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay were between 0.6% to 3.6%. Of 138 previously-defined HAdV-positive nasopharyngeal aspirates samples tested, the detection agreement between tq-PCR and nested PCR was 96.38% (133/138). Conclusion The proposed tq-PCR assay is a sensitive, specific and reproducible method and has the potential for clinical use in the rapid and differential detection and quantitation of HAdV serotypes 2, 3 and 7.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Rapid two‐stage amplification in a single tube for simultaneous detection of norovirus <scp>GII</scp> and group a rotavirus
- Author
-
Feng‐yu Li, Ying‐hui Guo, Zhen‐lu Sun, Hong Liu, Meng‐chuan Zhao, Jia Cui, Yue Jiang, Xin‐xin Shen, Xue‐jun Ma, and Zhi‐shan Feng
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Immunology and Allergy ,Hematology - Published
- 2023
9. Molecular Epidemiology of Reemergent Rabies in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China
- Author
-
Hai-Lin Zhang, Yu-Zhen Zhang, Wei-Hong Yang, Xiao-Yan Tao, Hao Li, Ji-Chao Ding, Yun Feng, Du-Juan Yang, Juan Zhang, Jiang He, Xin-Xin Shen, Li-Hua Wang, Yun-Zhi Zhang, Miao Song, and Qing Tang
- Subjects
rabies ,rabies virus ,viruses ,molecular epidemiology ,endemic disease ,public health ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Yunnan Province in China borders 3 countries (Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar) in Southeast Asia. In the 1980s, a large-scale rabies epidemic occurred in this province, which subsided by the late 1990s. However, 3 human cases of rabies in 2000 indicated reemergence of the disease in 1 county. In 2012, rabies was detected in 77 counties; 663 persons died of rabies during this new epidemic. Fifty two rabies virus strains obtained during 2008–2012 were identified and analyzed phylogenetically by sequencing the nucleoprotein gene. Of the 4 clades identified, clades YN-A and YN-C were closely related to strains from neighboring provinces, and clade YN-B was closely related to strains from Southeast Asia, but formed a distinct branch. Rabies virus diversity might be attributed to dog movements among counties, provinces, and neighboring countries. These findings suggest that Yunnan Province is a focal point for spread of rabies between Southeast Asia and China.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Detection of low-load Epstein-Barr virus in blood samples by enriched recombinase aided amplification assay
- Author
-
Jing-yi Li, Xiao-ping Chen, Yan-qing Tie, Xiu-li Sun, Rui-qing Zhang, An-na He, Ming-zhu Nie, Guo-hao Fan, Feng-yu Li, Feng-yu Tian, Xin-xin Shen, Zhi-shan Feng, and Xue-jun Ma
- Subjects
Biophysics ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common human γ-herpesvirus, infects more than 90% of adults worldwide. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel EBV detection method by combining the recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay with an initial enrichment step that utilizes magnetic beads coated with a recombinant human mannan-binding lectin (rhMBL, M1 protein). An M1 protein–protein A magnetic bead complex (M1 beads) was prepared and used to achieve separation and enrichment of EBV from blood. After nucleic acid extraction, DNA was amplified by RAA. Using 388 whole blood samples and 1 serum sample, we explored the specificity, sensitivity and applicability of the newly developed detection method and compared it with commercial quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) following M1 bead enrichment, traditional qPCR and traditional RAA. After enrichment, the positivity rate of EBV was increased from 15.94% to 17.74% by RAA (P P P Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
11. Rabies Cases in the West of China Have Two Distinct Origins.
- Author
-
Xiao-Yan Tao, Zhen-Yang Guo, Hao Li, Wen-Tao Jiao, Xin-Xin Shen, Wu-Yang Zhu, Simon Rayner, and Qing Tang
- Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
In China, rabies remains an ongoing threat to public health. Although control efforts have been effective in reducing the number of annual cases, the virus continues to spread into new areas. Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia in western China have, until recently, reported only a handful of events. However, since 2011, there have been increasing numbers of cases recorded in these areas. In this study, we report the collection and analysis of samples collected from these regions. We find that cases originate from two different sources. Strains collected from Gansu and Ningxia are closely related to the primary lineage associated with the current epizootic, whereas those from Tibet and Qinghai are related to the Arctic-like-2 lineage that is most commonly associated with wildlife cases in China. Thus, it appears that while the epizootic is beginning to encroach into Gansu and Ningxia, Tibet and Qinghai a significant number of rabies cases originate from wildlife.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Development and evaluation of recombinase-aided amplification assays incorporating competitive internal controls for detection of human adenovirus serotypes 3 and 7
- Author
-
Hong Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xuejun Ma, Xin-xin Shen, Zi-wei Chen, Zhifei Zhan, Xingyu Xiang, Guohao Fan, Xin-na Li, Ju-ju Qi, and Rui-huan Wang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Human Adenoviruses ,Duplex recombinase aided amplification ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Serogroup ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Single tube ,Recombinases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Molecular typing ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,Recombinase ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Typing ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Adenoviruses, Human ,Methodology ,Temperature ,Human adenovirus ,virus diseases ,Pneumonia ,eye diseases ,Detection ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Duplex (building) ,Clinical diagnosis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques - Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses are a common group of viruses that cause acute infectious diseases. Human adenovirus (HAdV) 3 and HAdV 7 cause major outbreaks of severe pneumonia. A reliable and practical method for HAdV typing in clinical laboratories is lacking. A simple, rapid and accurate molecular typing method for HAdV may facilitate clinical diagnosis and epidemiological control. Methods We developed and evaluated duplex real-time recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assays incorporating competitive internal controls for detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7, respectively. The assays were performed in a one-step in a single tube reaction at 39° for 20 min. Results The analytical sensitivities of the duplex RAA assays for HAdV 3 and HAdV 7 were 5.0 and 14.8 copies per reaction, respectively (at 95% probability by probit regression analysis). No cross-reaction was observed with other types of HAdV or other common respiratory viruses. The duplex RAA assays were used to detect 152 previously-defined HAdV-positive samples. These results agreed with those obtained using a published triplex quantitative real-time PCR protocol. Conclusions We provide the first report of internally-controlled duplex RAA assays for the detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7. These assays effectively reduce the rate of false negative results and may be valuable for detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7 in clinical laboratories, especially in resource-poor settings.
- Published
- 2019
13. Development and evaluation of a sensitive recombinase aided amplification assay for rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Author
-
Zhi-Shan, Feng, Jing-Yi, Li, Jing-Yun, Zhang, Feng-Yu, Li, Hong-Xia, Guan, Rui-Qing, Zhang, Hong, Liu, Qi, Guo, Xin-Xin, Shen, Biao, Kan, and Xue-Jun, Ma
- Subjects
Recombinases ,Microbiology (medical) ,Animals ,Vibrio parahaemolyticus ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Molecular Biology ,Microbiology ,DNA Primers - Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a widely distributed pathogen in the coastal areas, which causes food poisoning and leads to gastroenteritis and sepsis. Therefore, developing a simple, sensitive, and rapid detection method for V. parahaemolyticus is a major concern globally. This study established a sensitive and rapid technique based on recombinase aided amplification (RAA) to detect V. parahaemolyticus. The RAA reaction was carried out successfully at 39 °C within 30 min. The sensitivity of the RAA assay was 10
- Published
- 2022
14. Rapid Internal Control Reference Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assays for EBV and CMV Detection
- Author
-
Yuan, Gao, Yan Qing, Tie, Lin Qing, Zhao, He, Tan, Nan, Ding, Ya Xin, Ding, Qi, Guo, Rui Qing, Zhang, Jin Rong, Wang, Zi Wei, Chen, Guo Hao, Fan, Xin Xin, Shen, Zhi Shan, Feng, and Xue Jun, Ma
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Adolescent ,Infant, Newborn ,Cytomegalovirus ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Recombinases ,Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,Cytomegalovirus Infections ,DNA, Viral ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques - Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), two of the most prevalent human herpesviruses, cause a wide spectrum of diseases and symptoms and are associated with serious health problem. In this study, we developed an internal control reference recombinase-aided amplification (ICR-RAA) assay for the rapid detection of EBV and CMV within 30 min. The assay had a sensitivity of 5 and 1 copies/test for EBV and CMV, respectively, with no cross reaction with other pathogens. In comparison with those of the commercial quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the sensitivity of the EBV and CMV ICR-RAAs using extracted DNA was 93.33% and 84.84%, respectively; the specificity was 98.75% and 100.00%, respectively; and the Kappa values were 0.930 and 0.892 (
- Published
- 2020
15. Micromachined W-band dual-band quasi-elliptic waveguide filter
- Author
-
Bin-zhen Zhang, Xin-xin Shen, Jun-ping Duan, Hong Xiao, and Qiong Bai
- Subjects
Coupling ,Waveguide filter ,Materials science ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Stopband ,law.invention ,W band ,Filter (video) ,law ,Surface roughness ,Optoelectronics ,Multi-band device ,Photolithography ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a W-band dual-band waveguide filter using SU-8 photoresist UV lithography technology. The filter has a parallel structure with both the bands of fourth-order quasi-elliptic responses by adopting easily manufactured coupling structures, enabling improved stopband rejection. The filter was designed to have two passbands centered at 80 GHz and 100 GHz and each band can be optimized independently without impact on the other. The fabricated prototype has small dimension errors and low surface roughness. Measured results show a good agreement with the simulated ones, with insertion losses for two passbands of 0.79 dB and 0.54 dB, return losses better than 10 dB, and fractional bandwidths of 7.2 % and 5.4 %. The experimental results are discussed and compared with the ones of similar structures using other machining techniques, confirming the feasibility of the design and fabrication methods of the filter.
- Published
- 2021
16. Molecular evolution of emerging Banna virus
- Author
-
Xiaoyan Gao, Ying He, Wei-Shan Meng, Huanyu Wang, Guodong Liang, Xin-Xin Shen, Yuxi Cao, Minghua Li, Shihong Fu, Zhi Lv, Yougang Zhai, Xiao-hong Sun, and Hong Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Lineage (genetic) ,Biology ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Molecular evolution ,biology.animal ,Banna virus ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Coltivirus ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogenetic tree ,Viral encephalitis ,Encephalitis, Arbovirus ,Vertebrate ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Geographic distribution ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,RNA, Viral - Abstract
Banna virus (BAV) is an emerging pathogen that causes human viral encephalitis and has been isolated from types of blood-sucking insects and mammals in Asia. However, there are no reported systematic studies that describe the origin and evolution of BAV. Here, a phylogenetic analysis of BAVs isolated from a variety of potential vectors and vertebrate hosts worldwide revealed that BAVs emerged in the beginning of the 20th century and do not exhibit a species barrier. The mean substitution rate of BAVs was 2.467×10-2substitution/site/year (95% HPD, 1.093×10-3 to 5.628×10-2). The lineage is mainly composed of BAVs from high-latitude regions, which are the most recently emerged viruses with significantly higher substitution rates compared with the lineage comprised of the isolates from middle or low-latitude regions. The genetic differences between BAV strains are positively correlated with the geographic distribution. Strains from the same latitude regions are almost 100% identical, whereas the differences between strains from long distance regions with different latitudes could be >60%. Our results demonstrate that BAV is an emerging virus at a stage that involves rapid evolution and has great potential for introduction into non-endemic areas. Thus, enhanced surveillance of BAV is highly recommended worldwide.
- Published
- 2016
17. Development of an Internally Controlled Reverse Transcription Recombinase-aided Amplification Assay for the Rapid and Visual Detection of West Nile Virus
- Author
-
Guo Hao, Fan, Xin Xin, Shen, Fan, Li, Xin Na, Li, Xue Ding, Bai, Rui Qing, Zhang, Rui Huan, Wang, Wen Wen, Lei, Huan Yu, Wang, Xue Jun, Ma, and Gui Zhen, Wu
- Subjects
Recombinases ,Time Factors ,Reverse Transcription ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,West Nile virus - Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) causes West Nile fever and West Nile encephalitis. Because infection by WNV creates serious public health problems, its simple, rapid, and visual detection is very important in clinical practice, especially in resource-limited laboratories. We have developed a rapid, specific, and highly sensitive internally controlled reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RTRAA) assay to detect WNV, using both real-time fluorescence and the lateral flow dipstick (LFD) at 39.0 °C for 30 min. The analytical sensitivity of the RT-RAA assay was 10 plasmid copies and 1.6 pfu per reaction with real-time fluorescence, and 1,000 plasmid copies per reaction with the LFD. No crossreaction with other control viruses was observed. Compared with the RT-qPCR assay, the RT-RAA assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for WNV.
- Published
- 2019
18. A Reverse-transcription Recombinase-aided Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of the Far-Eastern Subtype of Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
- Author
-
Qian Ying, Wang, Fan, Li, Xin Xin, Shen, Shi Hong, Fu, Ying, He, Wen Wen, Lei, Guo Dong, Liang, Huan Yun, Wang, and Xue Jun, Ma
- Subjects
RNA, Viral ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne - Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging pathogen in Europe and North Asia that causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). A simple, rapid method for detecting TBEV RNA is needed to control this disease.A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay was developed. This assay can be completed in one closed tube at 39 °C within 30 minutes. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were validated using non-infectious synthetic RNA representing a fragment of the NS5 region of the wild-type (WT) TBEV genome and the Senzhang strain. Additionally, 10 batches of tick samples were used to evaluate the performance of the RT-RAA assay.The analytical limit of detection of the assay was 20 copies per reaction of the TBEV synthetic transcript and 3 plaque-forming units (pfu) per reaction of TBEV titers. With the specific assay, no signal due to other arboviruses was observed. Of the 10 batches of tick samples obtained from the Changbai Mountains of China, three were TBEV-positive, which was consistent with the results of the quantitative real-time PCR assay.A rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use method was developed for the detection of the TBEV Far-Eastern subtype.
- Published
- 2019
19. Rapid and Accurate Sequencing of Enterovirus Genomes Using MinION Nanopore Sequencer
- Author
-
Ji, Wang, Yue Hua, Ke, Yong, Zhang, Ke Qiang, Huang, Lei, Wang, Xin Xin, Shen, Xiao Ping, Dong, Wen Bo, Xu, and Xue Jun, Ma
- Subjects
Feces ,Child, Preschool ,Enterovirus Infections ,Humans ,Genome, Viral ,Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Enterovirus ,Enterovirus A, Human - Abstract
Knowledge of an enterovirus genome sequence is very important in epidemiological investigation to identify transmission patterns and ascertain the extent of an outbreak. The MinION sequencer is increasingly used to sequence various viral pathogens in many clinical situations because of its long reads, portability, real-time accessibility of sequenced data, and very low initial costs. However, information is lacking on MinION sequencing of enterovirus genomes.In this proof-of-concept study using Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) strains as examples, we established an amplicon-based whole genome sequencing method using MinION. We explored the accuracy, minimum sequencing time, discrimination and high-throughput sequencing ability of MinION, and compared its performance with Sanger sequencing.Within the first minute (min) of sequencing, the accuracy of MinION was 98.5% for the single EV71 strain and 94.12%-97.33% for 10 genetically-related CA16 strains. In as little as 14 min, 99% identity was reached for the single EV71 strain, and in 17 min (on average), 99% identity was achieved for 10 CA16 strains in a single run.MinION is suitable for whole genome sequencing of enteroviruses with sufficient accuracy and fine discrimination and has the potential as a fast, reliable and convenient method for routine use.
- Published
- 2017
20. A novel and highly sensitive real-time nested RT-PCR assay in a single closed tube for detection of enterovirus
- Author
-
Meng-jie Yang, Liu Hong, Guixia Li, Xin-xin Shen, Song-tao Xu, Fang-zhou Qiu, Shuaifeng Zhou, Xuejun Ma, Huai-long Zhao, and Zhishan Feng
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Nested rt pcr ,030106 microbiology ,Pcr cloning ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feces ,medicine ,Enterovirus Infections ,Humans ,Closed tube ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,General Medicine ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,Meningitis, Viral ,Highly sensitive ,Enterovirus A, Human ,Human enterovirus ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Enterovirus ,Encephalitis ,RNA, Viral ,Viral load - Abstract
The sensitivity of qRT-PCR assay is not adequate for the detection of the samples with lower viral load, particularly in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. Here, we present the development of a highly sensitive real-time nested RT-PCR (RTN RT-PCR) assay in a single closed tube for detection of human enterovirus (HEV). The clinical performance of both RTN RT-PCR and qRT-PCR was also tested and compared using 140 CSF and fecal specimens. The sensitivities of RTN RT-PCR assay for EV71, Coxsackievirus A (CVA)16, CVA6 and CVA10 achieved 10-8 dilution with a corresponding Ct value of 38.20, 36.45, 36.75, and 36.45, respectively, which is equal to traditional two-step nested RT-PCR assay and approximately 2-10-fold lower than that of qRT-PCR assay. The specificity of RTN RT-PCR assay was extensively analyzed insilico and subsequently verified using the reference isolates and clinical samples. Sixteen qRT-PCR-negative samples were detected by RTN RT-PCR and a variety of enterovirus serotypes was identified by sequencing of inner PCR products. We conclude RTN RT-PCR is more sensitive than qRT-PCR for the detection of HEV in clinical samples.
- Published
- 2017
21. Multiple Levels Analysis of Group EI Infecting Employee EI and Performance
- Author
-
Xin Xin Shen, Zhan Jun Mei, and Qing Hai Ma
- Subjects
Antecedent (grammar) ,Team composition ,Relation (database) ,Mechanism (biology) ,Emotional intelligence ,Human resource management ,Perspective (graphical) ,Applied psychology ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Object (philosophy) - Abstract
On the one hand, as the basic work forms, team is paid more and more attention. Team is a important view of research. At same time, studies find that emotional intelligence is not only a tool in management, but also is antecedent variables. But, on the other hand, according to the previous study, the researches on relation between emotional intelligence and performances are limited in individual level, and don’t make a deep study to the mechanism between them. Based on the two points, this paper chooses team members as object of study, and researches the mechanism from individual level and team level. These results open the black box that emotion intelligence effects performance. At same time, these results provide a good research perspective and bases for follow-up research and in human resource management practices.
- Published
- 2014
22. The Research on Correlation among Ei, OCB and Performance
- Author
-
Zhan Jun Mei, Xin Xin Shen, and Qing Hai Ma
- Subjects
Organizational citizenship behavior ,Correlation ,Management theory ,Empirical research ,Emotional intelligence ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Business management ,Social psychology ,Profit (economics) - Abstract
Emotional intelligence is an important issue which has been concerned by the Psychologies and foreign business management in recent years. Emotional intelligence is a capability, is one kind of potential to create profit. But, as we know, capability itself doesnt create values directly, creating values needs to act. So it is important to research on what the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance is. This paper adds citizenship behavior variable as modulation in order to find the mechanism that EI influences performance. Through empirical research, we find that citizenship behavior is mediator between EI and performance. This solution is important value to propel management theory and to guide concrete practice.
- Published
- 2013
23. [Study on the B cell linear epitopes of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein]
- Author
-
Xin-Jun, Lv, Xin-Xin, Shen, Peng-Cheng, Yu, Hao, Li, Li-Hua, Wang, Qing, Tang, and Guo-Dong, Liang
- Subjects
Male ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Rabies ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Antibodies, Viral ,Mice ,Nucleoproteins ,Rabies virus ,Animals ,Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ,Humans ,Female ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Epitope Mapping - Abstract
To study the B cell linear epitopes of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein, peptides were synthesized according to the amino acid sequences of B cell linear epitopes. Linear epitopes predicted by bioinformatics analysis were evaluated with immunological techniques. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that titers of antibodies to peptides (355-369 and 385-400 residues of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein) were above 1:12 800 in mouse sera. The antibodies recognized denatured rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein in Western blot analysis. Purified anti-peptide antibodies recognized natural rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein in BHK-21 cells in indirect fluorescent antibody test. The 355-369 and 385-400 residues of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein were validated as B cell linear epitopes.
- Published
- 2014
24. Factors influencing the number of rabies cases in children in China
- Author
-
Miao, Song, Qing, Tang, Simon, Rayner, Xiao Yan, Tao, Xin Xin, Shen, and Guo Dong, Liang
- Subjects
Male ,China ,Dogs ,Adolescent ,Rabies Vaccines ,Rabies ,Child, Preschool ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Dog Diseases ,Child - Abstract
To understand the epidemic situation and factors influencing rabies cases in children in China, we obtained an overview of the current epidemic based on individual data of rabies cases in children and a descriptive analysis was carried on the prevalence and related factors. The results showed that the rabies cases in children accounted for 21.3% of the total number of rabies cases in China, 97.0% of these cases occurred in rural areas, they were mainly caused by dogs (81.5%), and were primarily level III exposure (47.7%). More than half of the cases were not treated with wound care, vaccination rate was extremely low (15.7%), and only 5.9% of cases were injected with antibodies. Furthermore, 25.4% of cases adopted incorrect treatments such as extruding bleed and wound closure, cases vaccinated with 5 injections accounted for only 22.5%. In conclusion, the prevalence of rabies cases in children in China remains a serious concern, the number and immune status of dogs in rural areas, and knowledge of rabies by risk populations should be considered in future rabies prevention and control programs.
- Published
- 2013
25. Comparative analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of street rabies virus strains with different virulence levels
- Author
-
Jing Feng, Yin, Yu Lin, Ding, Ying, Huang, Xiao Yan, Tao, Hao, Li, Peng Cheng, Yu, Xin Xin, Shen, Wen Tao, Jiao, Guo Dong, Liang, Qing, Tang, and Feng Long, Wang
- Subjects
China ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Virulence ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ,Rabies ,Rabies virus ,Animals ,Brain ,Cattle Diseases ,Cattle - Abstract
To characterize two strains of street rabies virus (RABV) isolated from the brain tissue of cattle from Inner Mongolia. Differences in the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the brain tissue of infected mice were determined to reveal variation in the pathogenesis of infection between street rabies virus strains.Ten-day-old mice were intracranially inoculated with one of three virus strains and brain tissue harvested when the mice were moribund. Various histopathological and ultrastructural markers of disease were then compared between the groups.Infection with the street virus strain CNM1101C resulted in severe neuronal dendrites damage, but only mild cell apoptosis, T lymphocyte infiltration and microglial activation. Infection with the other street virus strain, CNM1103C, was characterized by cell apoptosis, T lymphocyte infiltration and microglial activation as well as dendrites damage. However, in comparison, infection with the attenuated virus strain CTN caused severe T lymphocyte infiltration, microglial activation and cell apoptosis, but left the neuronal dendrites intact.The two street rabies virus strains isolated from cattle from Inner Mongolia had different levels of virulence and caused distinct pathological changes in infected mice. Therefore, we concluded that different pathogenic mechanisms exist between different RABV strains.
- Published
- 2013
26. Epidemic of rabies and effect of its vaccine against a dog that consecutively attacked ten people in one day
- Author
-
Li Dong, Gao, Hong, Zhang, Liang, Cai, Bo Zhong, Chen, Yong Lin, Jiang, Yun Zhi, Liu, Xin Jun, Lv, Peng Cheng, Yu, Shi Xiong, Hu, Fu Qiang, Liu, Hao, Li, Ge Ying, Li, Xin Xin, Shen, Xiao Yan, Tao, Si Yu, Zhang, Jia Hui, Liu, Qing, Tang, and Jun Hua, Li
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Rabies ,Middle Aged ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Young Adult ,Dogs ,Rabies Vaccines ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Bites and Stings ,Dog Diseases ,Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Phylogeny - Published
- 2013
27. Identification of animal rabies in Inner Mongolia and analysis of the etiologic characteristics
- Author
-
Jing Feng, Yin, Jin Ling, Wang, Qing, Tang, Yu Lin, Ding, Xiaoyan, Tao, Hao, Li, Miao, Song, Zhenyang, Guo, Xin Xin, Shen, Guo Dong, Liang, and Feng Long, Wang
- Subjects
Acetazolamide ,Dogs ,Nucleoproteins ,Time Factors ,Rabies ,Rabies virus ,Animals ,Brain ,Cattle Diseases ,Cattle ,Dog Diseases ,Mongolia ,Phylogeny - Abstract
To perform pathological observation and etiological identification of specimens collected from dairy cows, beef cattle and dogs which were suspected of rabies in Inner Mongolia in 2011, and analyze their etiological characteristics.Pathological observation was conducted on the brain specimens of three infected animals with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, followed by confirmation using immunofluorescence and nested RT-PCR methods. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the virus N gene sequence amplified from three specimens.Eosinophilic and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in neuronal cells of the CNS; and rabies non-characteristic histopathological changes were also detected in the CNS. The three brain specimens were detected positive. N gene nucleotide sequence of these three isolates showed distinct sequence identity, therefore they fell into different groups in the phylogenetic analysis. N gene in the cow and dog had higher homology with that in Hebei isolate, but that in the beef cattle had higher homology with that in Mongolian lupine isolate and Russian red fox isolate.Rabies were observed in the dairy cow, beef cattle and canine in the farm in Inner Mongolia, in 2011, which led to a different etiologic characteristics of the epidemic situation.
- Published
- 2013
28. Follicular fluid levels of prostaglandin E2 and the effect of prostaglandin E2 on steroidogenesis in granulosa-lutein cells in women with moderate and severe endometriosis undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
- Author
-
Jing, Wang, Xin-xin, Shen, Xiang-hua, Huang, and Zhi-ming, Zhao
- Subjects
Adult ,Pregnancy ,Luteal Cells ,Endometriosis ,Humans ,Female ,Fertilization in Vitro ,Embryo Transfer ,Dinoprostone ,Follicular Fluid - Abstract
The mechanisms of endometriosis with infertility have not been fully studied. The present study aimed to assess the follicular fluid (FF) levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays a critical role within the ovary, and to investigate the effect of PGE2 on steroidogenesis in granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs) from women with and without endometriosis.Thirty-three women with laparoscopically documented endometriosis and 40 controls undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were studied. We assayed the concentrations of PGE2 in FF, the production of E2 and progesterone in FF and in culture medium, and the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and CYP19A1 in GLCs with the intervention of PGE2.PGE2 and progesterone concentrations were increased and displayed positive correlation in endometriotic FF. PGE2 induced the expression of StAR and the production of progesterone in GLCs from women with endometriosis, and the expression of StAR and the production of progesterone were increased in GLCs from women with endometriosis. However, there were no significant effects of PGE2 on promoting the production of E2 or the expression of CYP19A1 in GLCs. Moreover, the production of E2 and the expression of CYP19A1 in GLCs from women with endometriosis were significantly decreased compared to the controls.PGE2 concentrations are increased in endometriotic FF, along with concomitant increases in progesterone and StAR. In contrast, the E2 and CYP19A1 are decreased in GLCs, which may delay the development of the follicles and cause an imbalance in the follicular steroid hormone levels. These changes may have close relationship with endometriosis-associated infertility.
- Published
- 2012
29. [Epidemiological analysis of rabies in 2010, China]
- Author
-
Cui-Ping, Yin, Hang, Zhou, Hui, Wu, Xin-Xin, Shen, Li-Hua, Wang, Wen-Wu, Yin, Shu-Mei, Wang, and Qing, Tang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Rabies ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Aged - Abstract
To understand the related factors of rabies epidemic and provide the basic data for rabies control and prevention in China by statistic and retrospective analysis of rabies surveillance data in 2010.We used descriptive epidemiology method and statistic analysis to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in 2010 of China.2048 rabies cases were rabies cases were reported in 817 counties (districts) in 2010, which dropped 7.46% compares to 2009. The incidences in children and elder people were high; farmers are main occupation of the cases, the male to female ratio of the cases was 2.44:1. Children and older people are higher acquired rabies than other age population. 640 cases reported through national rabies sentinel surveillance system, 87.50% cases were caused by exposed to dogs, bite was the main exposure reason. The situation of deposing wounds was poor, and the use of vaccine was still low in individual cases, but in the rabies clinic cases under surveillance, the vaccine usage can reach 98%, the usage of immunoglobulin (RIG) or anti-serum for category III exposure in either group cases was not high.The epidemic of the rabies in 2010 was eased, Out-patient post-exposure prophylaxis was in good station, but there are still lots of problem existed: post-exposure prophylaxis of individual case was not desirable yet.
- Published
- 2012
30. Preparation and initial application of a monoclonal antibody specific for a newly discovered conserved linear epitope of rabies virus nucleoprotein
- Author
-
Xin Jun, Lv, Xue Jun, Ma, Li Hua, Wang, Hao, Li, Xin Xin, Shen, Peng Cheng, Yu, Qing, Tang, and Guo Dong, Liang
- Subjects
Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Hybridomas ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Cell Line ,Epitopes ,Mice ,Viral Proteins ,Dogs ,Nucleoproteins ,Rabies virus ,Cricetinae ,Animals ,Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ,Fluorescent Dyes - Abstract
To prepare monoclonal antibodies against a newly discovered and conserved linear epitope of Rabies virus nucleoprotein and to use them in a rabies diagnostic test.Synthetic peptide containing the epitope was used as immunogen to prepare hybridoma cell lines by classical hybridoma technology. Anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies produced in ascites of inoculated Balb/c mice were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) after purification and used in fluorescent antibody test (FAT).Two positive hybridoma cell lines, RVNP-mAb1-CL and RVNP-mAb2-CL, were obtained. RVNP- mAb1-CL produced a higher concentration of monoclonal antibody RVNP-mAb1 in Balb/c ascites. FITC-labeled RVNP-mAb1 showed correct results on certain Rabies virus-positive canine brain tissue samples and cells of a small subclone of baby hamster kidney 21 cell line (BSR).FITC-labeled RVNP-mAb1 has potential application for laboratory diagnosis of rabies.
- Published
- 2011
31. [Study on the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus in China]
- Author
-
Jin-ning, Yu, Hao, Li, Qing, Tang, Xiao-yan, Tao, Hui, Wu, Zhao-jun, Mo, Hong, Zhang, Ding-ming, Wang, Jing-qing, Weng, Rui-hua, Shen, Feng-cai, Zhu, Xian-jun, Wang, Hong, Liu, Xin-xin, Shen, and Shu-mei, Wang
- Subjects
China ,Dogs ,Rabies ,Rabies virus ,Incidence ,Cats ,Animals ,Brain ,Murinae - Abstract
To investigate the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus (RV) in different epidemic areas in China.Brain specimens from animals and suspected patients were collected at the districts of high-, medium- and low incidence rates of human rabies and detected by both direct Immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and RT-PCR.254 of 3007 specimens of dog brains showed RV positive by DFA (positive rate of 8.4%). Among these 254 samples, 78 showed positive (positive rate of 30.7%) by RT-PCR. 93 specimens from dogs and cats that had attacked human beings, 63 of them showed positive by DFA (positive rate of 67.7%) and all of them were also positive by RT-PCR. In addition, RV could also be detected in Apodemus agrarius, ferret badger, and suspected patients specimens from the districts under survey. There was no statistical difference between the infection rates of RV in different provinces and regions with different incidence of rabies.There might be a relatively high infection rate of RV among the domestic dogs/cats in the endemic areas in China. Wild animals might have been infected with RV in the districts under survey.
- Published
- 2010
32. [Analysis of human rabies high-occurrence factors in Guangxi from 2004 to 2008]
- Author
-
Zhao-Jun, Mo, Yi, Mo, Kai-Jiao, Zhou, Xin-Xin, Shen, Ying, Huang, Li, Hao, Xiao-Yan, Tao, Jin-Ye, Yang, and Qing, Tang
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,China ,Adolescent ,Rabies ,Infant, Newborn ,Brain ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Young Adult ,Dogs ,Risk Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Aged - Abstract
Analysis the epidemiological characteristics on rabies cases occurred in Guangxi from 2004 to 2008 and summarize the result of healthy-dog infection rabies virus investigation from 2006 to 2008. Exploring the high-occurrence and correlated factors on rabies in Guangxi.Data collected from the National Disease Surveillance System and the National Active Surveillance System for Rabies from 2004 to 2008 and Data of healthy-dog infection rabies virus investigation from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed.The total rabies cases were 2463 in Guangxi from 2004-2008 and average incidence rate was 0.98 per 100 thousand per year. There were 95 counties had rabies case reported, anyway more than 10 cases occurred county number was declined while less than 5 cases rose year by year. The rabies case incidence area was expanded and the cases in middle and west area of Guangxi rose significantly. Rabies cases were reported whole year and no seasonal peak. Human rabies cases mainly were farmers, students and children. Yanger than 20 years old and elder 40 years old were the highest age groups in the population of the investigation, 83.79% cases were attacked by dogs. 78.5% cases classification category III. 83.17% cases had exposed on the upper and lower limbs, 10.56% exposed to the head, face or neck. But 67.88% cases did not receive any PEP and only 18.31% cases vaccinated and 3.63% category III exposure cases combined administration of RIG. The incubation median was 60 days. The rabies virus infection rate among randomly collection healthy-dog brain samples from 2006 to 2008 was 1.92%, 0.93% and 0.89%.Unsuccessful and inadequate PEP of patients were the main factors leading to the high-occurrence of human rabies in Guangxi. And there are a lot of infection rabies virus healthy-dogs alive in Guangxi also as a high-occurrence factor.
- Published
- 2010
33. [The establishment of a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for testing rabies virus neutralizing antibody]
- Author
-
Peng-cheng, Yu, Xin-jun, Lv, Xin-xin, Shen, Lei, Cao, Xin-xiong, Zheng, Hu, Shan, and Qing, Tang
- Subjects
Neutralization Tests ,Rabies virus ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Humans ,Antibodies, Viral ,Antibodies, Neutralizing - Abstract
To establish a rapid fluorescent inhibition test (RFFIT) for testing rabies virus neutralizing antibody and the titer of rabies virus neutralizing antibody. CVS-11 was used as the standard challenge virus, and three generations prepared for the establishment of the virus library.International standard for rabies immunoglobulin was used as the reference serum. RFFIT test was established under consulting the protocol of Institute of Pasteur, and its specificity, stability and reproducibility were validated.We established the RFFIT which showed both good specificity (100%) and reproducibility (P0.5).The establishment of RFFIT test perfected the rabies laboratory techniques and would enhance the overall ability in detecting rabies in China.
- Published
- 2010
34. Human rabies surveillance and control in China, 2005-2012.
- Author
-
Miao Song, Qing Tang, Simon Rayner, Xiao-Yan Tao, Hao Li, Zhen-Yang Guo, Xin-Xin Shen, Wen-Tao Jiao, Wei Fang, Jun Wang, and Guo-Dong Liang
- Subjects
RABIES ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,VACCINATION ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
Background Rabies reemerged in China during the 1990s with a gradual increase in the number and geographical dispersion of cases. As a consequence, a national surveillance program was introduced in 2005 to investigate the outbreak in terms of vaccination coverage, PEP treatment, and geographical and social composition. Methods The surveillance program was coordinated at the national level by the Chinese Center for Disease Control (CCDC) with data collected by regional health centres and provincial CCDCs, and from other official sources. Various statistical and multivariate analysis techniques were then used to evaluate the role and significance of implemented policies and strategies related to rabies prevention and control over this period. Results From 2005-2012, 19,221 cases were reported across 30 provinces, but these primarily occurred in rural areas of southern and eastern China, and were predominantly associated with farmers, students and preschool children. In particular, detailed analysis of fatalities reported from 2010 to 2011 shows they were associated with very low rates of post exposure treatment compared to the cases with standard PEP. Nevertheless, regulation of postexposure prophylaxis quality, together with improved management and vaccination of domesticated animals, has improved prevention and control of rabies. Conclusions The various control policies implemented by the government has played a key role in reducing rabies incidences in China. However, level of PEP treatment varies according to sex, age, degree and site of exposure, as well as the source of infection. Regulation of PEP quality together with improved management and vaccination of domesticated animals have also helped to improve prevention and control of rabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.