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Five crop straws (wheat, rice, maize, oil-rape, and cotton) were first steam-exploded for 2 min at 210°C, 2.5 MPa and then pyrolyzed at 500°C for 2 h. Steam explosion (SE) induced 47–95% and 5–16% reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively, in the crop straws. The biochars derived from SE-treated feedstocks had a lower specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume, compared to those from pristine feedstocks, with one exception that SE enhanced SSA of oil-rape straw biochar by approximately 16 times. After SE, biochars had significant higher anion exchange capacity (AEC) (6.88–11.44 cmol kg –1 ) and point of zero net charges (PZNC) (pH 3.61–5.32) values. It can thus be speculated that these biochars may have higher potential for anions adsorption. In addition, oil-rape straw might be suitable to SE pretreatment for preparing biochar as a soil amendment and sorbent as well. Further work is required for testing its application in soil.

It is not certain that long-term grazing exclusion influences arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their association with steppe vegetation. In this study, soil and plant samples were collected from two sites of grazing exclusion since 1983 (E83) and 1996 (E96), and one site of free-grazing (FG) in the typical steppe of Xilinguole League, Inner Mongolia, China, and assayed for soil basic physicochemical properties, AM fungal parameters, aboveground biomass and shoot phosphorus (P) uptake as well. The results showed that long-term grazing exclusion of E83 and E96 led to less drastic seasonal changes and significant increases in spore density, hyphal length density and root colonization intensity of AM fungi and even soil alkaline phosphatase activity, by up to 300, 168, 110 and 102%, respectively, compared with those of FG site. In addition, the total aboveground biomass and shoot P uptake of E83 and E96 were 75–992% and 58–645%, respectively, higher than those of FG. Generally, the root colonization intensity, spore density, and hyphal length density of AM fungi were all positively correlated with the aboveground biomass and even shoot P uptake of plant. These results may imply that grazing exclusion play a critical role in increasing the growth of AM fungi, and subsequently, may increase plant P uptake and aboveground biomass production. Moreover, the spore density could sensitively reflect the impacts of long-term grazing exclusion on AM fungi since survival strategy of spores in soil.

The paper decribes the JPEG image encryption algorithm based on three-dimensional multi-chaotic system. The algorithm is designed to segment the image into three-demensional matrix system with a variety of chaoic encryption system. The images are scrambled and transformed in the three-dimensional space, and then by the three-dimensional chaotic sequence from multi-chaotic system, they are respectively transformed as airspace tricolor per-pixel alternative images. Reaearch results show that the algorithm has good confusion and diffusion properties of pixels and a powerful key space of greater resistance. The encrypted image pixels are distrubuted randomly and evenly with adjacent pixels of zero correlation properties, which proves the proposed scheme has a high security.

Clustering analysis plays an important role in scientific research and commercial application. K-means algorithm is a widely used partition method in clustering. in this method.The number of clusters is predefined and the technique is highly dependent off the initial identification of elements that represent the clusters well. As the dataset’s scale increases rapidly, it is difficult to use K-means and deal with massive data. partitions.To prevent this problem,refining initial points algorithm provided.it can reduce execution time and improve solutions for large data by setting the refinement of initial conditions.The experiments demonstrate that sample-based K-means is more stable and more accurate.

In this paper, A new algorithm for compressed image retrieval is proposed based on Gaussian Density Feature Vector(GDFV). This algorithm directly extract gaussian density of 8 direction from compressed image data to construct a 2-dimention array (8*4) as an indexing key to retrieve images based on their content features. To test and evaluate the proposed algorithms, we carried out experiments with a database of 1000 images. In comparison with existing representative techniques, the experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of retrieval precision and processing speed.

Ferric oxide modified montmorillonite (Fe2O3@M) was prepared with the method of microwave-assisted ion-exchange and in-situ precipitation, with Fe2O3 nanoparticles intercalated into the interlayer of montmorillonite. Rhodamine B (RhB) was employed as a probe compound to study the adsorption characteristics of organic pollutants with Fe2O3@M as the adsorbent. The effect of pH and adsorbent dosage were investigated and the results showed that the maximum of adsorption capacity for RhB was 58.8 mg g-1. The adsorption capacity of Fe2O3@M for RhB was augmented along with the increase of adsorbent dosage. The Fe2O3 modified montmorillonite exhibits a much better adsorption capacity in an acidic solution than that in an alkaline solution. The adsorption process was well fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively, and the adsorption reaction kinetics complied with a pseudo second-order kinetics model.

Biochar is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment, with reports of benefits to soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study, different biochars were produced from 6 feedstocks, including straw and poultry manure, at 3 pyrolysis temperatures (200, 300 and 500°C) and then added separately to a calcareous soil. Their effects on soil properties and maize growth were evaluated in a pot experiment. The biochars derived from crop straw had much higher C but smaller N concentrations than those derived from poultry manure. Carbon concentrations, pH and EC values increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Biochar addition resulted in increases in mean maize dry matter of 12.73% and NPK concentrations of 30, 33 and 283%, respectively. Mean soil pH values were increased by 0.45 units. The biochar-amended soils had 44, 55, 254 and 537% more organic C, total N, Olsen-P and available K, respectively, than the control on average. Both feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature determined the characteristics of the biochar. Biochars with high mineral concentrations may act as mineral nutrient supplements.

Phosphorus change point indicating the threshold related to P leaching, largely depends on soil properties. Increasing data have shown that biochar addition can improve soil retention capacity of ions. However, we have known little about weather biochar amendment influence the change point of P leaching. In this study, two soils added with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g biochar kg−1 were incubated at 25°C for 14 d following adjusting the soil moisture to 50% water-holding capacity (WHC). The soils with different available P values were then obtained by adding a series of KH2PO4 solution (ranging from 0 to 600 mg P kg−1 soil), and subjecting to three cycles of drying and rewetting. The results showed that biochar addition significantly lifted the P change points in the tested soils, together with changes in soil pH, organic C, Olen-P and CaCl2-P but little on exchangeable Ca and Mg, oxalate-extractable Fe and Al. The Olsen-P at the change points ranged from 48.65 to 185.07 mg kg−1 in the alluvial soil and 71.25 to 98.65 mg kg−1 in the red soil, corresponding to CaCl2-P of 0.31–6.49 and 0.18–0.45 mg L−1, respectively. The change points of the alluvial soil were readily changed by adding biochar compared with that of the red soil. The enhancement of change points was likely to be explained as the improvement of phosphate retention ability in the biochar-added soils.

Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures (190 and 260°C) and reaction hours (1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h). The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm3 g−1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.

In China countryside, the government policies encouraging individual farmers to construct biogas digester were strongly promoted to take clean biogas as the main household energy consumption, replacing the traditional way of biomass combustion energy. The construction and application situation of biogas digester since the new energy policies implementation was surveyed with the method of questionnaire survey, discussed and analyzed in detail with classification analysis method. The feedback of survey reports shows that three important factors including subsequent technical services, the shortage of financial support and insufficient fermentation raw material, have badly hampered the extensive construction of biogas digester and comprehensive utilization of biogas in different fields.

Aluminum and iron copillared rectorite (Al/Fe-R) was prepared from sodium saturated rectorite (Na-R) by ultrasonic-assisted pillaring with hydroxyalumina and hydroxyiron polycations. The morphology, composite structure, pore properties and light response characteristics of composite material were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X-ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and UVvis diffuse reflectance spectrum. The fabricated material retained the layered structure with a slit-shaped pore between the layers of lamellar particles. The interlayer spacingd001was increased successfully from 2.23 nm up to 2.98 nm. The resultant product has a high BET specific surface area of 165 m2g-1and good visible light response. The Al/Fe-R shows the potential to become a good adsorbent and catalyst.

In this paper, An effective shot cut detection algorithm directly in DCT domain was proposed. This algorithm(including abrupt change and ) test the n -1 frame and n frame through the extracting the feature vector of each frame. When extract the features of frame, two-dimensional mathematics parameter m1-s from DCT coefficients without its inverse transform and 8 directional chain code was computed, Divide m1-s space into 30 unequal partitions (subspaces) and compute the numbers pr within the 30 subspaces (entries) as the feature vector to judge the different of the two frames. locating shot cuts is operated by comparison tests.

Medical genetics, the connection between basic and clinical medicine, is a subject with strong applicability and plays important role in modern medical education system. Based on years of teaching experience and during the construction of state-level top quality course, our teaching team has established the quaternary teaching system of medical genetics which includes teaching, practice, research and clinical application. The four elements of the system interpenetrate, complement and reinforce each other. Specifically, classroom teaching is the basics which is further complemented by social practice, improved by research and promoted by clinical application. The quaternary teaching system provides a feasible way to integrate theoretical and clinical courses. After years of implementation, the teaching system has got great effects on the obvious improvement of research ability, social reputation and clinical service capacities of the research team.

Software engineering is a rapid development field of computer. How to set up and optimize professional course system, teaching plan and how to improve the teaching methods to cultivate the practice software engineers meeting the immediate social needs with strong practical ability and innovation consciousness has been the problem that software engineering now faces with. Based on the analysis of software engineering courses teaching situation and software quantity curriculum, study the teaching methods of software engineering, broaden and refine the methods and ways for the cultivation of the software engineering students. Optimize teaching content reform, and escape the shackles of traditional teaching, benefit the students in practice and innovation ability training. This paper shows how the combination of theory and practice. In this way, students can have a perceptual knowledge on both sides, which helps mobilize their initiative in learning, so that to achieve the purpose of improving their abilities for combining theory with practice, analyzing and solving problems as well as practical learning.

As a visible light photocatalyst, bismuth oxide bromide (BiOBr) was used to catalyze the degradation of beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP). The photocatalytic degradation of beta-CP was studied with gas chromatography. The effects of pH and catalyst dose on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency were discussed. The oxidization and mineralization of beta-CP were detected by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyzer. The results showed that beta-CP could be effectively degraded under visible light irradiation using BiOBr as the catalyst. At given experimental conditions, the degradation rate of beta-CP reached 94. 68% after 10 h and the COD removal rate reached 67. 99% after 36 h. With the increase of catalyst dose and pH value, the degradation rate was improved. The photocatalytic oxidation species was determined by peroxidase method and terephthalic acid fluorescence method. These results suggested that the photocatalytic degradation process mainly referred to hydroxyl radical ( OH) mechanism.

This paper presents design and development of an automatic monitoring system of communication base which is an important means to realize modernization of mobile communication base station management. Firstly, this paper proposes the architecture of the monitoring system. The proposed system consists of mocrocontrollers, sensors, GSM module and MFRC500 etc. The value of parameters is measured in the system including terminal is studied and designed, including hardware design based on embedded system and software design. Finally, communication module is discussed. The monitoring system which is designed based on GSM SMS(short message service) can improve the integrity, reliability, flexibility and intellectuality of monitoring system. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.3200 Full Text: PDF

The current selection of college elitists covered the appraisal of internal competency such as personal qualities, motivation and value. By factor analysis to the questionnaire data, 7 competency factors were chosen to build up the competency model, including achievement orient, innovation ability, academic exchange ability, team-leading ability, teaching ability, academic research ability and teaching profession. Also, a selection indicator system of college elitists was established.

In an incubation test, a calcareous soil with low concentration of available P was amended with KH2PO4 (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg P x kg(-1)) and ground wheat straw (5 g C x kg(-1)), and incubated at 25 degrees C for 90 days. The aim was to investigate the change patterns of soil microbial biomass P and microbial P concentration as well as their relationships with soil available P. The results showed that both soil microbial biomass P and microbial P concentration increased with increasing inorganic P addition, with the maximum being 71.37 and 105.34 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The combined application of inorganic P (except 100 mg P x kg(-1)) and wheat straw decreased the soil microbial biomass P and microbial P concentration, being most obvious at early incubation period. Soil microbial biomass P and microbial P concentration had significant positive correlations (P0.05) with soil available P (R2 = 0.26 and 0.40, n = 49, respectively). The applied P could rapidly transform into microbial biomass P. The maximum apparent contribution rate of applied P to microbial biomass P was 71%. The added wheat straw could further improve the apparent contribution rate.

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), an important protein encoded by Epstein Barr virus (EBV), has been implied to link with the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Its dual effects of increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis have been confirmed. In this study, we showed that the expression of Survivin and CDK4 protein in CNE-LMP1, a LMP1 positive NPC epithelial cell line, is higher than in LMP1 negative NPC epithelial cell line-CNE1, and the expression is LMP1 dosage-dependent. Although it was reported that Survivin specifically expressed in cell cycle G2/M phase, our studies suggested that LMP1 could promote the expression of Survivin in G0/G1, S and G2/M phase. It also showed that Survivin and CDK4 could be accumulated more in the nuclei triggered by LMP1. More interestingly, Survivin and CDK4 could form a protein complex in the nuclei of CNE-LMP1 rather than in that of CNE1, which demonstrated that the interaction between these two proteins could be promoted by LMP1. These results strongly suggested that the role of LMP1 in the regulation of Survivin and CDK4 may also shed some light on the mechanism research of LMP1 in NPC.

To investigate effect of AP-1 and Ets binding site adjacent to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) promoter on activation of MMP-9 transcription of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), and to ascertain if cross-talk between c-Jun and Ets1 is involved in LMP1-regulating expression of MMP-9.Site-directed mutagenesis technique was used to establish a series of mutants, including MMP-9-CAT-Ets(-540)mt, MMP-9-CAT-AP-1(-533)mt and MMP-9-CAT-AP-1(-533)/Ets(-540)mt. After the mutants were transfected into LMP1-expressing NPC HNE2 cells regulated by Tet-on system (pTet-on-LMP1 HNE2), CAT activity of these mutants were assayed with induction of LMP1. With blockade of c-Jun or Ets1 antisense oligonucleotides, the activity of MMP-9 induced by LMP1 was assayed with gelatin zymography.The CAT activity of MMP-9-Ets(-540)mt-CAT, MMP-9-AP-1(-533)mt-CAT, MMP-9-AP-1(-533)/Ets(-540) mt-CAT decreased significantly compared to MMP-9-CAT wt. After blockade with c-Jun or Ets1 antisense oligonucleotides, activity of MMP-9 induced by LMP1 decreased significantly, especially with combined blockade of c-Jun and Ets1.The results suggest that transcription factor AP-1 and Ets play an crucial role in activation of MMP-9 transcription induced by LMP1, and cross-talk between c-Jun/Ets1 is involved in expression of MMP-9 mediated by LMP1.

To elucidate the expression of tanscription factor Ets-1 mediated by EB virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells.LMP1-expressing NPC HNE2 cells regulated by Tet-on system (pTet-on-LMP1 HNE2) were used. Expression of LMP1 and Ets-1 was observed after induction with Doxycycline (Dox). Expression of Ets-1 mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The phosphorylation level of Ets-1 protein was examined by co-immunoprecipitation. The DNA binding activity of Ets-1 was detected by electrophoretic-mobility shift assay (EMSA).After induction with Dox in pTet-on-LMP1 HNE2 cells, to some extent, the expression of Ets-1 mRNA and protein, its phosphorylation level and DNA binding activity were increased with enhancement of LMP1 expression.LMP1 induces transcriptional activation and expression of Ets-1 which may contribute to the development of NPC.

To elucidate the interference effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) on targets of Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) signal transduction pathway activated by EB virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines.Survival rate of cells was determined by MTT assay. AP-1 and CyclinD1 activation were analyzed by promoter luciferase reporter system. Nuclear translocation of JNK was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Protein expression and phosphorylation were observed by Western blot.EGCG inhibited the survival of CNE1 and CNE-LMP1 cells and the activity of AP-1 caused by LMP1 in CNE-LMP1 cells. EGCG also inhibited the nuclear translocation of JNK and the phosphorylation of c-Jun. It also inhibited cyclinD1 promoter activity and cyclinD1 expression.EGCG inhibits AP-1, JNK, c-Jun and cyclinD1 which are key targets on AP-1 signal transduction pathway. The results may explain the molecular mechanism of action of EGCG against nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Previous work of the authors established the protein expression spectra of D-type cyclins, and found that there were differential expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies. Using Western Blotting, aberrant overexpression of the cyclinD1 protein in NPC cell lines is reported. CyclinD2 and cyclinD3, the other members of D-type cyclins, were also detected in NPC cell lines. A comparison of the expression patterns in the cell lines, positive or negative in the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) encoded by Epstein-Barr virus, revealed that the expression of D-Type cyclin proteins might be increased by EBV-LMP1. The abundance of these proteins showed characteristic variation consistent with a cell- cycle-dependent oscillation and the peak levels expressed in G1 as analyzed by double-parameter flow cytometry. These data suggest that cyclinD1 is essential for cell cycle progression in G1 and may play a role in NPC carcinogenesis.

Cyclin D1 is a key cell cycle regulator and a candidate proto-oncogene, whose deregulation has been implicated in pathogenesis of several types of cancers, including NPC. A common A/G polymorphism (A870G) in exon 4 of the cyclin D1 gene, CCND1, is associated with the presence of 2 distinct mRNA transcripts for this G1/S regulatory protein, and CCND1 genotype has been related to some phenotypes of several tumors. To investigate the influence of cyclin D1 genotypes on the genetic susceptibility in humans from Southern China to sporadic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cyclin D1 genotyping was performed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and DNA sequencing analysis of the PCR products from 84 NPC cases and 91 normal controls. Gene frequency distribution was tested by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and comparison of cyclin D1 gene frequencies between the patient and control groups was performed by chi 2 test. Results showed that in NPC patients, the AA genotype of CCND1 was significantly lower (20.24%) than in normal controls (38.46%), and the GG and AG genotypes (GG + AG) were significantly higher in NPC group than in the control group (chi 2 = 6.946, P corrected = 0.016, OR = 2.463, 95% CI = 1.249-4.859). These suggest that the A/G polymorphism of CCND1 was associated with the susceptibility to NPC, and the GG and AG genotypes in NPC patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls.