Search

Objective: It was elucidated the anti-inflammatory active components and their mechanisms of action in the fruits of Diospyros lotus. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to qualitatively analyze the chemical constituents of Diospyros lotus fruits, and combined with network pharmacology to explore the potential anti-inflammatory active components and their mechanisms of action, and validated the results by molecular docking. Results: A total of 26 flavonoid compounds, including 10 myricetin derivatives, 7 quercetin derivatives, 4 kaempferol derivatives, 2 apigenin derivatives, and 3 other flavonoid compounds, were identified from extract of D. lotus fruits based on molecular ion peaks and mass spectrometry cleavage characteristics in negative ion mode, among which 12 compounds were reported for the first time in the fruits. Network pharmacological analysis showed that compounds myricetin 3-sambubioside, myricetin 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside), morin, myricetin 3-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin and kaempferol had potential anti-inflammatory activities and exerted anti-inflammatory effects mainly related to PI3K-Akt, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and cancer signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active components stably docked with the key targets, and the results were consistent with the network pharmacological predictions. Conclusion: Flavonoids in D. lotus extracts have potential anti-inflammatory effects and are useful as adjunctive preventive agents in inflammatory diseases.

Abstract Purpose Proximal gastrectomy (PG) offers advantages over total gastrectomy (TG) in enhancing the postoperative nutritional status of patients with proximal gastric cancer (PGC), yet its effect on long-term quality of life is still debated. This study aims to thoroughly compare postoperative health condition outcomes between PG and TG. Methods We conducted a systematic search of English-language articles from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, covering studies published up to February 2023. Key evaluation endpoints included surgical outcomes and postoperative health condition, assessed using the Post-Gastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45 (PGSAS-45). Results Six retrospective cohort studies were included in the analysis. The PG group demonstrated no significant negative impact on surgical outcomes compared to the TG group. Notably, patients who underwent PG experienced a superior postoperative health condition, characterized by fewer gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (WMD = -0.106, 95% CI -0.183 to -0.029, P

Abstract Background The updated status of hypertension and its risk factors are poorly evaluated in Tibetan highland areas. We initiated a large-scale cross-sectional survey to provide updated status of hypertension and its risk factors (especially salt intake) in the Ganzi Tibetan Plateau, China. Methods Stratified multistage random sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of 4,036 adult residents from 4 counties in the Ganzi Tibetan area. The whole survey population was used to present the epidemiology and risk factors of hypertension. The participants with blood and urine biochemistry data were used to analyze the relationship between salt intake parameters and hypertension. Results Stratified multistage random sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of 4,036 adult residents. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 33.5% (the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 28.9%). A total of 50.9% of the hypertensive patients knew their conditions; 30.1% of them received antihypertensive treatment; and 11.2% of them had their blood pressure controlled. Age, male sex, living altitude ≥ 3500 m, overweight and abdominal obesity were positively correlated with hypertension. In addition, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01–1.74) for drinking tea with salt, and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.32–1.72) for per SD increase in the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (e24hUSE). Furthermore, per 100mmol/day increase in e24hUSE was associated with elevation of blood pressure (+ 10.16, 95% CI: 8.45–11.87 mmHg for SBP; +3.83, 95% CI: 2.74–4.93 mmHg for DBP) in this population. Conclusions Our survey suggests a heavy disease burden of hypertension in the Ganzi Tibetan Plateau. Age, male sex, altitude of residence ≥ 3500 m, overweight, abdominal obesity, and excessive salt intake (shown as drinking tea with adding salt and a higher level of e24hUSE) all increased the risk of hypertension in this highland area.

Abstract Direct current microgrid (DCMG) clusters are gaining popularity in power systems due to their simplicity and high efficiency. However, DCMG clusters are susceptible to minor disturbances due to low system inertia. This paper proposes a method to enhance the small‐signal stability of a DCMG cluster by optimizing the main control parameters of the system. This paper presents a small‐signal state‐space model of a DCMG cluster system at the system level, considering a multi‐bus network topology. Then, the control parameters that significantly affect the small‐signal stability of the DCMG are selected using the participation factor method. To enhance the system damping, the Pareto‐optimal frontier of the bi‐objective problem was determined using the elite non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). The optimal compromise is determined by using the fuzzy membership function method to extract it from the generated Pareto optimal front. The proposed method has been verified on a three‐sub DCMG test system with droop control.

Abstract The strain clamps and leading wires are important components that connect conductors on overhead transmission lines and conduct current. During operation, poor contact between these components can cause abnormal overheating, leading to electric failures and threatening power system reliability. Recently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with infrared thermal imagers for strain clamp and leading wire maintenance has become increasingly popular. Deep learning‐based image recognition shows promising prospects for intelligent fault diagnosis of overheating faults. A pre‐treatment method is proposed based on dynamic histogram equalisation to enhance the contrast of infrared images. The DeepLab v3+ network, loss function, and existing networks with different backbones are compared. The DeepLab v3+ network with ResNet101 and convolutional block attention module added, and the Focal Loss function achieved the highest performance with an average pixel accuracy of 0.614, an average intersection over union (AIoU) of 0.567, an F1 score of 0.644, and a frequency weighted intersection over union of 0.594 on the test set. The optimised Atrous rates has increased the AIoU by 12.91%. Moreover, an intelligent diagnosis scheme for evaluating the defect state of the strain clamps and leading wires is proposed and which achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 91.0%.

Abstract Background Tumor angiogenesis inhibitors have been applied for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, the drug resistance hinders their further development. Intercellular crosstalk between lung cancer cells and vascular cells was crucial for anti-angiogenenic resistance (AAD). However, the understanding of this crosstalk is still rudimentary. Our previous study showed that Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is a driver of NSCLC metastasis, but its role in lung cancer cell-vascular cell crosstalk remains unclear. Methods Conditioned medium (CM) from Gli1-overexpressing or Gli1-knockdown NSCLC cells was used to educate endothelia cells and pericytes, and the effects of these media on angiogenesis and the maturation of new blood vessels were evaluated via wound healing assays, Transwell migration and invasion assays, tube formation assays and 3D coculture assays. The xenograft model was conducted to establish the effect of Gli1 on tumor angiogenesis and growth. Angiogenic antibody microarray analysis, ELISA, luciferase reporte, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), bFGF protein stability and ubiquitination assay were performed to explore how Gli1 regulate bFGF expression. Results Gli1 overexpression in NSCLC cells enhanced the endothelial cell and pericyte motility required for angiogenesis required for angiogenesis. However, Gli1 knockout in NSCLC cells had opposite effect on this process. bFGF was critical for the enhancement effect on tumor angiogenesis. bFGF treatment reversed the Gli1 knockdown-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis. Mechanistically, Gli1 increased the bFGF protein level by promoting bFGF transcriptional activity and protein stability. Importantly, suppressing Gli1 with GANT-61 obviously inhibited angiogenesis. Conclusion The Gli1-bFGF axis is crucial for the crosstalk between lung cancer cells and vascular cells. Targeting Gli1 is a potential therapeutic approach for NSCLC angiogenesis.

The data of azimuthal electromagnetic (EM) Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) tool is crucial for controlling and optimizing the trajectory of the wellbore, making it a key technology in geosteering. However, the measurement of the tool involves multiple frequencies, spaces, and sectors, leading to a significant volume of measured data that can’t be uploaded in real-time. Attempting to invert formation resistivity and boundaries based solely on the limited data that transmitted to the surface may not accurately reflect the true formation model. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for supplementing the measurement curves of the tool based on deep learning. The intelligent method can predict the missing logging information according to limited data and improve the utilization efficiency of logging data. Firstly, the database of azimuthal EM LWD is generated using various synthetic formation models and numerical forward modeling techniques, and the complete logging data is artificially separated into known logging data and missing logging data. Then, three deep learning models are established based on LSTM, GRU, and UNET networks respectively, and use the above sample database for training and testing them. The results demonstrate that missing curves of the tool’s measurement can be accurately and efficiently predicted using deep learning techniques. Finally, the original logging data and the complete logging data after supplementing are used for inverting the formation information. The result shows that the latter yields higher inversion accuracy. Moreover, the difference in inversion accuracy will grow as the complexity of the formation model increases after data supplementing. Therefore, the data supplement of azimuthal EM LWD by deep learning is very important for the accurate inversion of complex formation models.

In this paper, soliton solutions, lump solutions, breather solutions, and lump-solitary wave solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient extended shallow-water wave (vc-eSWW) equation are obtained based on its bilinear form. By calculating the vector field of the potential function, the interaction between lump waves and solitary waves is studied in detail. Lumps can emerge from the solitary wave and are semi-localized in time. The analytical solutions may enrich our understanding of the nature of shallow-water waves.

Photonic crystal channel drop filters (CDFs) play a vital role in optical communication owing to their ability to drop the desired channel. However, it remains challenging to achieve high-efficiency CDFs. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient three-channel CDF with both high transmission and high quality (Q) factor based on a novel ring resonator that is in the middle of two waveguides. A dielectric column with a large radius replaces the homogeneously distributed dielectric columns inside the ring cavity to modulate the coupling ratio with a straight waveguide, thereby enhancing the transmission and Q factor. The transmission and Q factor of the single-cavity filter are 99.7% and 12,798.4, respectively. The mean value of the three-channel filter based on the basic unit can reach up to 94.6% and 10,617, respectively, and a crosstalk between −30.16 and −50.61 dB is obtained. The proposed CDFs provide efficient filter capability, which reveals great potential in integrated optoelectronics and optical communication.

【Objective】In order to establish the reasonable planting density under the double-row planting model of large ridges and build a high-yielding peanut group model, the impact of the double-row planting density of large ridges (90 cm) on the characteristics, group structure changes and yield of peanut plants was studied.【Method】The semi-trailing type peanut variety 'Silihong' and the erect type 'Jihua26'were used as experimental materials. Set 6 planting densities: M1 (31.71×104 plants/hm2), M2 (27.75×104 plants/hm2), M3 (24.67×104 plants/hm2), M4 (22.20×104 plants/hm2), M5 (18.50×104 plants/hm2), M6 (15.85×104 plants/hm2), based on single ridge (60 cm) double-seed sowing (11.93×104 holes/hm2) as a comparison (CK). Determine the seedling rate, plant growth, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation and yield of each peanut variety under different density, and establish a reasonable group structure of peanuts and the optimal planting density of different varieties.【Result】The emergence time of different varieties was different under different planting densities, the emergence time of 'Silihong' was earlier than 'Jihua 26'. 25 days after sowing, the seedling rate of 'Silihong' was up to 100% at M3 density, 30 days after sowing, the seedling rate of 'Jihua26' was up to 100% at M3 density, which were significantly higher than other densities. With the decrease of planting density, the height of the main stem and the length of the side branch gradually increase with the decrease of the number of plants per unit area; the SPAD value tends to increase first and then decrease with the decrease of planting density; 'Jihua 26' with the decrease of density, the quality of dry matter showed a tendency to rise first and then decrease, and 'Silihong' the accumulated amount showed a trend of gradually increasing. With the reduction of planting density, the number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant and weight of 100-pod increased first and then decreased of the two experimental varieties, the highest value was under M4 density of 'Jihua26' and M5 density of 'Silihong', which were significantly higher than other densities. The yield of the two experimental varieties continues to increase, Jihua 26 at M4 density had highest yield was 7 956.67 kg/hm2 and 'Silihong' at M5 density had highest yield was 4 790.73 kg/hm2, compare to control increase 96.14% and 65.42% respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with the single-row double-seed planting mode, the large ridge double-row + single-seed planting mode can increase the peanut height, SPAD and dry matter accumulation. At the same time, the yield is improved. Under the condition that the density remains unchanged, peanuts can be changed from double-seed to single-seed precision sowing, which increases the yield. When planting in two rows of large ridges, the appropriate sowing density should be selected according to the type of peanut varieties. The M5 density of the semi-trailing type peanut varieties is the best, and the M4 density of the erect type peanut is the best.

Abstract Background The first telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13) release is a milestone in human genomics. The T2T-CHM13 genome assembly extends our understanding of telomeres, centromeres, segmental duplication, and other complex regions. The current human genome reference (GRCh38) has been widely used in various human genomic studies. However, the large-scale genomic differences between these two important genome assemblies are not characterized in detail yet. Results Here, in addition to the previously reported “non-syntenic” regions, we find 67 additional large-scale discrepant regions and precisely categorize them into four structural types with a newly developed website tool called SynPlotter. The discrepant regions (~ 21.6 Mbp) excluding telomeric and centromeric regions are highly structurally polymorphic in humans, where the deletions or duplications are likely associated with various human diseases, such as immune and neurodevelopmental disorders. The analyses of a newly identified discrepant region—the KLRC gene cluster—show that the depletion of KLRC2 by a single-deletion event is associated with natural killer cell differentiation in ~ 20% of humans. Meanwhile, the rapid amino acid replacements observed within KLRC3 are probably a result of natural selection in primate evolution. Conclusion Our study provides a foundation for understanding the large-scale structural genomic differences between the two crucial human reference genomes, and is thereby important for future human genomics studies.

Abstract Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.

Abstract In recent years, catheter‐based renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a promising instrumental therapy for hypertension. The interruption of sympathetic nervous system was regarded as a possible mechanism for RDN regulating blood pressure. While the results reflected by renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), catecholamines and electrolytes remained inconsistent and was never systematically assessed. Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched from inception to September 5, 2021. Studies that evaluated the effects of RDN on RAAS, catecholamines, and electrolytes were identified. Primary outcomes were changes in RAAS hormones after RDN, and secondary outcomes involved changes in plasma norepinephrine, serum, and urinary sodium and potassium. Out of 6391 retrieved studies, 20 studies (two randomized controlled studies and 18 observational studies) involving 771 persons were eventually included. Plasma renin activity had a statistically significant reduction after RDN (0.24 ng/mL/h, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.44, P = .02). While no significant change was found regarding plasma aldosterone (1.53 ng/dL, 95% CI ‐0.61 to 3.67, P = .16), norepinephrine (0.42 nmol/L, 95% ‐0.51 to 1.35, P = 0.38), serum sodium and potassium (0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI ‐0.17 to 0.49, P = .34; ‐0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI ‐0.09 to 0.04, P = .48, respectively), and urinary sodium and potassium (3.95 mmol/24 h, 95% CI ‐29.36 to 37.26, P = .82; 10.22 mmol/24 h, 95% CI ‐12.11 to 32.54, P = .37, respectively). In conclusion, plasma renin activity significantly decreased after RDN, while no significant change was observed in plasma aldosterone, plasma norepinephrine, and serum and urinary electrolytes.

This paper uses the WIOD database combined with the global value chain decomposition to measure the value added of the crop industry and other industries included in the US crop exports. Use the employment coefficient to further analyze the impact of US crop exports on the employment of its own industry and other industries and the impact of exports from other industries on employment in the crop industry. We found: (1) The value-added of the service industry included in the export of the US crop industry is higher than that of the manufacturing industry and the primary industry. (2) Among the exports of other industries, the crop industry included in the manufacturing export has the most value-added and continues to increase, while the value added of the service industry and the primary industry is low. (3) The number of employed people in the industry driven by the export of the US crop industry is increasing. Among the other industries, the service industry has the largest number of employed people driven by the export of the crop industry.

Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is aberrantly active in a series of tumor tissues. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between Gli1 and NSCLC metastasis have not yet been identified. Herein, we reported Gli1 promoted NSCLC metastasis. High Gli1 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of Gli1 in low metastatic A549 and NCI-H460 cells enhanced their migration, invasion abilities and facilitated EMT process, whereas knock-down of Gli1 in high metastatic NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells showed an opposite effect. Notably, Gli1 overexpression accelerated the lung and liver metastasis of NSCLC in the intravenously injected metastasis model. Further research showed that Gli1 positively regulated Snail expression by binding to its promoter and enhancing its protein stability, thereby facilitating the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC. In addition, administration of GANT-61, a Gli1 inhibitor, obviously suppressed the metastasis of NSCLC. Collectively, our study reveals that Gli1 is a critical regulator for NSCLC metastasis and suggests that targeting Gli1 is a prospective therapy strategy for metastatic NSCLC.

Abstract A new type of double‐stator permanent magnet spherical motor (DSSRPMSM) is proposed. Compared with most existing spherical motors, this motor uses a large number of stator iron cores, which can generate larger magnetic flux density and significantly improve torque capacity. The proposed DSSRPMSM can continuously rotate, swing and spiral, and can be used in the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom motion fields of industrial robot joints, moment gyroscopes, panoramic photography tables and so on. Because the motor has the dual characteristics of rotary motor and arc linear motor, the comprehensive effects of stator slotting and stator iron core breaking should be considered. Cylindrical and trapezoidal PM poles are equivalent to dihedral PM poles, and stator coils are equivalent to PM pole models. Analytical models of PM pole magnetic field and stator magnetic field in a spherical coordinate system are established, and the air gap magnetic flux density under unequal magnetic potential boundary conditions is calculated by conformal transformation. The analytical calculation method proposed is consistent with the results of finite element method (FEM) simulation, and the experimental test further verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of this method.

Abstract A double‐stator swing rotating permanent magnet spherical motor (SR‐PMSM) is designed, which can realize rotation, swing and spiral motion, and is used in the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom motion fields of industrial robot joints, torque gyroscopes, panoramic photography tables and so on. The inner surface of the rotor of the motor is attached with cylindrical PM poles, and the outer surface is attached with trapezoidal PM poles. Cylindrical and trapezoidal PM poles are simple to manufacture, but the magnetic field model of a spherical motor with two kinds of PM poles is complex. Therefore, a magnetic field modelling method combining the geometric equivalence principle and analytical method is proposed. Using the method of shape approximation, according to the principle of equivalence, the key parameters of cylindrical PM poles and trapezoidal PM poles are replaced by the parameters of approximate dihedral PM poles in a spherical coordinate. Select the most suitable dihedral PM poles, establish the analytical model of the magnetic field in the spherical coordinate system and verify the analytical results by FEM method. A SR‐PMSM motor with 6/4 pole (swing) and 12/10 pole (rotation) structure was assembled, and the experimental device was set up. The experimental results show that the experimental curve, analytical curve and FEM curve are in good agreement, which proves the accuracy of the equivalent model and is suitable for the magnetic field model of cylindrical and trapezoidal PM poles of the spherical motor. The research results of magnetic field lay a foundation for further analysis of the stator–rotor composite magnetic field considering cogging effect and edge effect, and analysis of load characteristics of the motor.

Integration and miniaturization are the inevitable trends in the development of electronic devices. PZT and graphene are typical ferroelectric and carbon-based materials, respectively, which have been widely used in various fields. Achieving high-quality PZT/graphene heterogeneous integration and systematically studying its electrical properties is of great significance. In this work, we reported the characterization of a PZT film based on the sol–gel method. Additionally, the thickness of the PZT film was pushed to the limit size (~100 nm) by optimizing the process. The test results, including the remnant and leakage current, show that the PZT film is a reliable and suitable platform for further graphene-integrated applications. The non-destructive regulation of the electrical properties of graphene has been studied based on a domain-polarized substrate and strain-polarized substrate. The domain structures in the PZT film exhibit different geometric structures with ~0.3 V surface potential. The I–V output curves of graphene integrated on the surface of the PZT film exhibited obvious rectification characteristics because of p/n-doping tuned by an interfacial polarized electric field. In contrast, a ~100 nm thick PZT film makes it easy to acquire a larger strain gradient for flexural potential. The tested results also show a rectification phenomenon, which is similar to domain polarization substrate regulation. Considering the difficulty of measuring the flexural potential, the work might provide a new approach to assessing the flexural polarized regulation effect. A thinner ferroelectric film/graphene heterojunction and the polarized regulation of graphene will provide a platform for promoting low-dimension film-integrated applications.

Abstract White‐coat hypertension (WCH) is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. To investigate the relationship between WCH and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the authors recruited 706 participants who underwent anthropometric measurements, blood laboratory analysis, 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and echocardiography. The authors defined WCH as elevated office BP but normal ABPM over 24h, daytime, and nighttime periods. The authors compared the proportion of LVH between the true normotension (NT) and the WCH population, and further assessed the associations between BP indexes and LVH in the two groups, respectively. The proportion of LVH was significantly higher in the WCH group than in NT participants (19.70% vs. 13.12%, P = .036). In the NT group, 24h SBP, 24h PP, daytime SBP, daytime PP and SD of nighttime SBP were associated with LVH after adjustment for demographic and blood biochemical data (all P

Abstract Lodging resistance is a critical trait in modern maize breeding. This study aimed to examine maize stalk lodging and its related characteristics in response to increasing planting densities in modern hybrids. A two-year field trial was conducted from 2018 to 2019 with two widely grown commercial hybrids (‘Xy335’ and ‘Fm985’) and three planting density treatments of 4.5 × 104 (low density, LD), 6.5 × 104 (medium density, MD), and 8.5 × 104 plants/ha (high density, HD). New hybrid Fm985 had a significantly higher grain yield and lower lodging rate at HD, while there was no significance at LD and MD. Compared to Fm985, old hybrid Xy335 had a significantly high plant height, ear and gravity height, and culm length (CL) across the three planting densities, while opposite stalk bending strength (SBS), dry weight per unit length (DWPU), cross-sectional area, and the cellulose and lignin content in the basal internode were low. Correlation and path analysis revealed that kernel number per ear and lodging rate directly contributed to maize grain yield, while lodging-related traits of SBS, stem lignin, and DWPU had an indirect effect on maize grain yield, suggesting that modern hybrid maize yield enhancement is associated with greater stalk lodging resistance at a high planting density in northeast China.

Abstract Background The metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The aims of the study were to assess the association of the Mets with TyG index and TyG-related parameters in an urban Chinese population. Methods The data were collected in 1992 and then again in 2007 from the same group of 590 individuals (363 males and 227 females) without Mets in 1992. The fasting lipid profile and blood glucose were measured. TyG index and related parameters were calculated, and Mets defined according to the harmonized criteria. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate TyG index and related parameters for their diagnostic ability to identify people with Mets. Odd ratios (OR) for Mets prediction were calculated using stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results The incidence of Mets was 18.64% over the 15-year follow-up period.During 15 years’ follow-up, TyG-waist to height ratio (TyG-WHtR) shows the largest AUC for Mets detection (0.686) followed by TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC) (0.660), TyG-waist-to-hip ratio (TyG-WHpR) (0.564), and TyG index (0.556) in all participants. Gender analysis revealed that TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC have the largest AUC in both genders. TyG-WHtR significantly predicted Mets in all participants, with an unadjusted odds ratio of 5.63 (95% CI 3.23–9.83 P

Primary headache disorders including migraine, cluster headache, and tension-type headache are among the most common disabling diseases worldwide. The unclear pathogenesis of primary headache disorders has led to high rates of misdiagnosis and limited available treatment options. In this review, we have summarized the pathophysiological factors for a better understanding of primary headache disorders. Advances in functional neuroimaging, genetics, neurophysiology have indicated that cortical hyperexcitability, regional brain dysfunction, central sensitization and neuroplasticity changes play vital roles in the development of primary headache disorders. Moreover, we have also discussed a series of neurostimulation approaches with their stimulation mechanism, safety and efficacy for prevention and treatment of primary headache disorders. Noninvasive or implantable neurostimulation techniques show great promise for treating refractory primary headache disorders.

Abstract Epilepsy has been extensively studied as a common neurological disease. Efforts have been made on rodent and other animal models to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy and develop new drugs for treatment. However, the features of current epilepsy models cannot fully mimic different types of epilepsy in humans, hence non-human primate models of epilepsy are required. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that is widely used to study brain function. Here, we present a natural marmoset model of generalized epilepsy. In this unique marmoset family, generalized epilepsy was successfully induced by handling operations in some individuals. We mapped the marmoset family with handling-sensitive epilepsy and found that the epileptic phenotype can be inherited. These marmosets were more sensitive to the epilepsy inducers pentylenetetrazol. Using electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings, we detected epileptiform discharge in marmosets with a history of seizures. In summary, we report a family of marmosets with generalized seizures induced by handling operations. This epileptic marmoset family provides insights to better understand the mechanism of generalized epilepsy and helps to develop new therapeutic methods.

IntroductionSymptoms of depression are associated with the dysfunction of neural systems such as the emotion, reward system, and the default mode network. These systems were suggested by the model of neuroaesthetics as key contributions to aesthetic experience, leading to the prediction of atypical aesthetic orientation in depression. Here we investigated the aesthetic characteristics of depression and the corresponding neural underpinnings.MethodsFifty-two (25 depression patients, 27 healthy controls) participants were asked to make aesthetic judgments on faces and landscapes in an electroencephalographic (EEG) experiment.ResultsOur results indicate that relative to the controls, the depression tended to give ugly judgments and refrained from giving beautiful judgments, which was observed only for faces but not for landscapes. We also found that the face-induced component N170 was more negative in the depression group than the control group for ugly and neutral faces. Moreover, the aesthetic evaluation of ugly faces was associated with decreased N200 negativity in the depression group than in the control group, while the evaluation of beautiful faces was associated with decreased brain synchronization at the theta band.DiscussionThese results suggested a face-specific negative aesthetic bias in depression which can help to design and develop aesthetics-oriented schemes in assisting the clinical diagnosis and therapy of depression.

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the gene expression profile of peripheral blood in different stages of myocardial infarction (MI) by transcriptome sequencing, and to study the gene expression characteristics of peripheral blood after MI.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify genes and modules associated with old myocardial infarction (OMI). Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation were applied to analyze the potential functions of genes. Hub genes were identified by Random Forest Classifier. CIBERSORT was used to provide an estimate of the abundance of 22 immune cells in peripheral blood. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect gene expression levels in clinical samples. The cellular components (CC) of peripheral blood were counted by an automatic hematology analyzer.ResultsThrough differential gene analysis and co-expression network analysis, 11 candidate genes were obtained. A random forest classifier identified 10 hub genes. Immune cell distribution of peripheral blood was found that T cell CD4 memory resting, NK cells resting, Dendritic cells activated, Mast cells resting, Monocytes and Neutrophils were correlated with OMI. Spearman correlation analysis found that PFKFB2 is related to the above immune cells. Low expression of PFKFB2 in peripheral blood of OMI was detected in clinical samples, and the relationship between PFKFB2 and peripheral blood immune cell counts was analyzed, which showed monocytes were associated with PFKFB2 in our study.ConclusionPFKFB2 was low expressed in OMI, and related to the distribution of immune cells. PFKFB2 may play a key role in reflecting the transition from AMI to OMI, and predicting the distribution of immune cells, which provided a new perspective for improving myocardial fibrosis and adverse remodeling.

Abstract Nicotinamide, the amide form of Vitamin B3, is a common nutrient supplement that plays important role in human fetal development. Nicotinamide has been widely used in clinical treatments, including the treatment of diseases during pregnancy. However, its impacts during embryogenesis have not been fully understood. In this study, we show that nicotinamide plays multiplex roles in mesoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Nicotinamide promotes cardiomyocyte fate from mesoderm progenitor cells, and suppresses the emergence of other cell types. Independent of its functions in PARP and Sirtuin pathways, nicotinamide modulates differentiation through kinase inhibition. A KINOMEscan assay identifies 14 novel nicotinamide targets among 468 kinase candidates. We demonstrate that nicotinamide promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation through p38 MAP kinase inhibition. Furthermore, we show that nicotinamide enhances cardiomyocyte survival as a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. This study reveals nicotinamide as a pleiotropic molecule that promotes the derivation and survival of cardiomyocytes, and it could become a useful tool for cardiomyocyte production for regenerative medicine. It also provides a theoretical foundation for physicians when nicotinamide is considered for treatments for pregnant women.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the hypertension management abilities of rural physicians in a high‐altitude Tibetan area. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China, in October 2020. Information about healthcare resources in local medical institutions, along with the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and training status of primary care physicians, was collected. Limited resources were observed in terms of equipment, drugs, and personnel in the 18 township hospitals included. A total of 132 physicians participated in this survey. The scores for hypertension‐related knowledge, attitudes toward hypertension management, routine practice ability, priority given to hypertension, and confidence in performing certain tasks were 32.60%, 67.40%, 18.90%, 65.15%, and 35.60%, respectively. The most concerning issues lay in the ignorance of the healthy lifestyle, undervaluation of cardiovascular risks, and lack of confidence in optimally performing management activities. Only 9.85% of the physicians received more than 24 days of training per year; 28.79% preferred a longer training time. While training was generally provided in conference sessions (63.64% of current training programs), physicians preferred remote education (55.30%), and on‐site guidance (46.21%) from professionals. The current training was centered around clinical skills (61.36%) and was identified as a major training requirement by the physicians surveyed (80.30%). This survey suggests that the medical resources may not be effective, with deficiencies present in the knowledge and practices of primary care physicians in the Sichuan Tibetan area. Hypertension education and skill‐development courses based on the specific issues identified should be provided to these physicians in the future.

Abstract A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced with 120° phase belts toroidal windings (PBTWs) (120°PBTWPMSM), in which its armature reaction field principle is elaborated. Then, the experiment concerning the 120°PBTWPMSM is conducted to verify the validity of the related analysis and the feasibility of the 120°PBTWPMSM. In addition, a method of shifting the magnetic poles (SMP) is adopted to suppress the cogging torque and the torque ripple. After this, the 120°PBTWPMSM after SMP is further optimised by the Taguchi method to obtain the structural parameters of the motor with optimal comprehensive performance. Finally, the performance of the original motor, the 120°PBTWPMSM after SMP and the optimal motor are compared, which verify the effectiveness of the optimization methods.

Abstract. As a new discipline, neuroaesthetics has developed rapidly to become an important branch of neuroscience. The study of neuroaesthetics is of great significance to understanding the mechanisms underlying human aesthetics. In this review, we briefly define neuroaesthetics, and then review the current state of aesthetics research with a focus on single-modal and multi-modal neuroimaging technologies using the visual and auditory modalities. Finally, we summarize current challenges and trends in the field.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly around the world as well as in China. The sporadic AD (sAD) accounts for over 95% among AD. The pathogenesis of sAD remains unclear, which leads to current failures of disease-modifying therapies. In this report, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of two clinical sAD patients in Southwestern China were reprogrammed into hiPSC lines by an episomal and non– integrating Sendai virus system. The induced sAD-hiPSC lines, SPPHIi003-A and SPPHIi004-A, were further expanded and validated for stem cell-like pluripotency, normal karyotyping, and capability of in vitro differentiation into three germ-layers. Importantly, the point mutation on microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, which encodes the tau protein and is the pivotal and hallmark lesion of AD, was discovered and confirmed in both patient’s PBMCs and hiPSCs. These newly generated sAD-hiPSC lines can sever as disease model for discovering and developing potential therapeutic targets for sAD and relevant hyperphosphorylated Tauopathies.

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme emergencies represented by heavy rainfall has posed a significant impact on urban transportation networks and caused great inconvenience to people’s production and life. This paper examines the impact of heavy rainfall on the urban transportation network in Xi’an’s main urban area, models the map of urban road network in the main urban area of Xi’an by applying complex network theory, quantifies and analyzes the topological and geographic structural characteristics of the affected sections (interrupted by heavy rainfall) due to heavy rainfall, as well as the impact of heavy rainfall on the functional indexes of the road network such as access efficiency and accessibility, and, finally, analyzes its formation causes and proposes targeted management countermeasures. The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for enhancing urban traffic emergency management capabilities and fostering sustainable urban development.

In this paper, a small hydropower microgrid solution with high applicability is proposed to solve the problem of high line failure rate and long maintenance time, which can improve the reliability of distribution network in mountainous areas. In this scheme, small hydropower and local load constitute a low-cost but efficient microgrid operation to improve the reliability of rural electricity. In this scheme, small-sized hydropower and local load constitute microgrid operation. In case of failure, the scheme makes full use of the independent operation of microgrid to provide qualified power quality to local load. This scheme is easy to realize and does not need additional energy storage, so it has good economy. Firstly, the frequency disturbance characteristics of small hydropower microgrid is analyzed, which lays a theoretical foundation for small hydropower microgrid operation. Then it introduces the island operation mode to grid-connected operation mode transition of small hydropower, including the key technologies such as frequency adjustment strategy in island operation stage. Finally, the simulation studies show the effectiveness of the method.

Classification algorithms integrated with convolutional neural networks (CNN) display high accuracies in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image classification. However, their consideration of spatial information is not comprehensive and effective, which causes poor performance in edges and complex regions. This paper proposes a Markov random field (MRF)-based algorithm for SAR image classification which fully considers the spatial constraints between superpixel regions. Firstly, the initialization of region labels is obtained by the CNN. Secondly, a probability field is constructed to improve the distribution of spatial relationships between adjacent superpixels. Thirdly, a novel region-level MRF is employed to classify the superpixels, which combines the intensity field and probability field in one framework. In our algorithm, the generation of superpixels reduces the misclassification at the pixel level, and region-level misclassification is rectified by the improvement of spatial description. Experimental results on simulated and real SAR images confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for classification.

It is generally believed that working memory (WM) is dysfunctional in depression. However, whether this impaired performance originates from impaired encoding, maintenance or both stages is still unclear. Here, we aimed to decompose the abnormal characteristics of encoding and maintenance in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). Thirty patients and thirty-nine healthy controls completed a spatial working memory task where the encoding time and the retention time could vary under different load levels. Encoding performance was assessed by comparing accuracies between short and long encoding times, and maintenance performance was assessed by comparing accuracies between short and long retention times. The results show a lower performance in depression than the controls. However, while the decreased accuracy by long retention (vs. short retention) was increased by a short encoding time in the control group, the retention performance of the depression group did not further suffer from the short encoding time. The generally impaired encoding, together with limited maintenance of immunity against the constrained encoding time, suggests a common bias for fixed internal processing over external processing in recurrent MDD. The paradigm provided in this study can be a convenient and efficient clinical test for assessing the WM encoding and maintenance function.

Anti-gel fouling is a key problem faced by membrane desalination, especially for applications in organic acid-rich seawater. In this paper, a chemical crosslinking-based method was used to reconstruct and characterize the gel pollutants produced under the actual operating conditions of seawater desalination. In addition to the calcium alginate/calcium humate three-dimensional network skeleton, salt ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl−) in solution were also considered to ensure that the reconstructed gel was similar to pollutant gels on membranes under practical operating conditions. Characterizations showed that the reconstructed gel has high thermal insulation and stability, thus adjusting the temperature has no removal effect. Two detergents (sodium citrate and sodium hydroxide) were investigated, and their gel-removal mechanism was elucidated by molecular dynamics simulation. Numerical analysis showed that the electrostatic attraction interaction had a significant role in the gel cleaning process. Owing to the attraction of the lower electrostatic potential region in the cleaning agent, the ion exchange between Na+ in the cleaning agent and Ca2+ in the gel led to the breaking of the Ca2+-induced intermolecular bridge in the complex. As the adhesion of fouling gels decreased, the gel water solubility was increased, resulting in a decrease in weight and strength of the gel. Therefore, the integrity of the gel fouling layer was weakened and can be effectively removed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the removal of gel-like membrane fouling during actual seawater desalination.

The miniscope system is one of the calcium (Ca2+) imaging tools with small size and lightweight and can realize the deep-brain Ca2+ imaging not confined to the cerebral cortex. Combining Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiology recording has been an efficient method for extracting high temporal-spatial resolution signals in the brain. In this study, a particular electrode probe was developed and assembled on the imaging lens to modify the miniscope system. The electrode probe can be tightly integrated into the lens of the miniscope without increasing the volume, weight, and implantation complexity. In vivo tests verified that the proposed modified system has realized the simultaneous recording of Ca2+ signals and local field potential (LFP) signal in the hippocampus CA1 region of an adult mouse.

Chemo-resistance prominently hampers the effects of systemic chemotherapy to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have great importance not only in tumorigenesis but also in therapeutic prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of lncRNA HOTTIP in the chemo-resistance to cisplatin and gemcitabine (CG) in CCA. The upregulated expression of HOTTIP was observed in CCA patients and the upregulation was associated with therapeutic responsiveness and prognosis. HOTTIP silencing powerfully increased the chemotherapy sensitivity through weakening proliferation and colony formation and increasing apoptosis. Subsequently, miR-637 was identified as the functional target of HOTTIP, since mechanically it could be targeted by HOTTIP and functionally its overexpression dismissed the changes by HOTTIP silencing in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP1) could be targeted and regulated by miR-637. In all, HOTTIP modulates the sensitivity to CG in CCA through the HOTTIP/miR-637/LASP1 regulatory axis, providing a new opportunities for CCA treatment.

Since fluoro-compounds are popular in industrial settings, efficient methods for incorporation of fluoride into organic molecules are desirable. Here, the authors developed trifluoroacetaldehyde N-tfsylhydrazone (TFHZ-Tfs) as a CF3CHN2 surrogate that generates CF3CHN2 in situ under basic conditions.

In this paper, a novel asymmetrical bistable short mover permanent magnet actuator is presented. The comparisons between the presented machine and the asymmetrical structure bistable permanent magnet actuator are introduced. The static and dynamic characteristics of the high-voltage circuit breaker with the presented machine are calculated and discussed. The influences of the length of the mover and the initial mover position in the presented machine are studied and researched. The merits of the presented machine, such as less permanent magnet volume, low cost, small mover mass, and high starting speed, are researched and discussed. The Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the presented machine. Finally, a conventional permanent magnet actuator prototype is created and tested on account of the limited experimental conditions. The characteristic curves of position versus retaining force are acquired to confirm the proposed design.

The Huntington's disease (HD) is still a devastating neurological disease without a specific cure. In this report, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two members of a HD family from Southwestern China were reprogrammed into hiPSC lines by an episomal and non-integrating Sendai virus delivery method. The induced HD-hiPSC lines, SPPHi001-A and SPPHi002-A, were expanded and validated for their stem cell-like pluripotency, normal karyotyping, and capability of in vitro differentiation into three germ-layers. These newly generated HD hiPSC lines from Chinese HD patients enable us to further elucidate the mechanism of HD and discover its specific treatment.

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has excellent dielectric properties and is extensively used in electrical equipment. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is similar to a graphite-layered structure, and alumina fiber (Al2O3) has high-temperature resistance and a strong performance. Herein, we prepared Al2O3-h-BN/LDPE nanocomposites by using LDPE as the matrix material and h-BN and Al2O3 as the fillers. The influence of different doping contents and the mass ratio of Al2O3 and h-BN (1:1) to LDPE on the electrical properties and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites was examined. The results showed that the suppression effect on space charge was the most obvious and average. The charge density was the lowest and had the minimum decay rate when the doping content was 2%. The breakdown strength of the film reached the maximum value of 340.1 kV/mm, which was 12.3% higher than that of the pure LDPE (302.8 kV/mm). The thermal diffusivity of the composite sample was also higher than that of the single h-BN-doped sample when the content of h-BN and Al2O3 was 7%. The thermal conductivity was 59.3% higher than that of the pure LDPE sample and 20% higher than that of h-BN/LDPE.

Introduction The control rate of hypertension is low in China, especially in rural, western and minority areas. This is related to poor medical skills among physicians in primary care institutions and low levels of trust among patients. However, primary healthcare institutions are the main battleground for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. It is worth exploring how to most effectively integrate patients, primary care physicians and cardiologists in tertiary hospitals, to build a long-term mechanism for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. In this study, we aim to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and conduct a health economic evaluation of an internet-based patient–primary care physician–cardiologist integrated management model of hypertension in areas of China with different socioeconomic levels.Methods and analysis This is a 12-month, multicentre, randomised controlled trial involving patients with hypertension in urban communities and rural areas of Sichuan Province, China. Each primary healthcare institution will cooperate with their tertiary hospital through the Red Shine Chronic Disease Management System (RSCDMS). Patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 to two groups: (1) a traditional care group; (2) an intervention group in which primary care physicians and cardiologists can share patient data and manage patients together through the RSCDMS. Patients can upload their blood pressure (BP) values and communicate with physicians using the system. The primary outcome is the change in systolic BP over a 12-month period. Secondary outcomes are changes in diastolic BP, BP control rate, values of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, difference in cost-effectiveness between the groups, patient satisfaction, medication adherence and home BP monitoring compliance. All data will be recorded and stored in the RSCDMS and analysed using IBM SPSS V.26.0.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Sichuan, China (No. 2020-148). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of this study will be disseminated to the public through academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number ChiCTR2000030677.

Multidrug resistance is a serious problem and a common cause of cancer treatment failure, leading to patient death. Although numerous reversal resistance inhibitors have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials, efficient and low-toxicity reversal agents have not been identified. In this study, a series of novel quinoline compound derivatives from NSC23925 were designed to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Among them, YS-7a showed a stronger inhibitory effect against P-gp than verapamil, as a positive control, when co-incubated with chemotherapy drugs at minimally cytotoxic concentrations. YS-7a suppressed the P-gp transport function without affecting the expression of P-gp but stimulated the ATPase activity of P-gp in a dose-dependent manner. Next, molecular docking was used to predict the six most probable binding sites, namely, SER270, VAL273, VAL274, ILE354, VAL357, and PHE390. Moreover, YS-7a had no effect on cytochrome P450 3A4 activity and showed little toxicity to normal cells. In addition, combined treatment of YS-7a with vincristine showed a better inhibitory effect than the positive control verapamil in vivo without a negative effect on mouse weight. Overall, our results showed that YS-7a could reverse cancer multidrug resistance through the inhibition of P-gp transport function in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that YS-7a may be a novel therapeutic agent.

Abstract Background There is a growing recognition that training is not translated into performance and the ‘transfer problem’ exists in organization training today. Although factors contributing to training transfer have been identified in business and industry, the factors influencing training transfer in nursing profession remain less clear. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken in two tertiary referral hospitals in China from February 2013 to September 2013. Purposeful sampling of 24 nursing staffs were interviewed about the factors influencing training transfer. Results Seven themes evolved from the analysis, categorized in 4 main domains, which described the factors influencing training transfer in nursing profession in trainee characteristics, training design, work environment and profession domain. The trainee characteristics domain included attitude and ability. The training design domain included training content and instruction method. The work environment domain included supports as facilitators and opposition as hindrance. The theme pertaining to the profession domain was professional development. Conclusions Health care managers need to understand the factors influencing training transfer for maximizing the benefits of training. The right beliefs and values about training, the rigorous employee selection for training, the relevance of training content, training instructions facilitating learning and transfer, supports from peer, supervisors and the organization, organizational culture such as change, sharing, learning and support, and professional development are key to successful training transfer. Furthermore, managers should be aware of the opposition from co-workers and find ways to prevent it.

Abstract Background Most organizations invest in people for training to improve human capital and maximize profitability. Yet it is reported in industry and nursing as well that training effectiveness is constrained because of inadequate transfer of training and the underlying reasons for the transfer problem remain unknown. And there is lack of tool to measure transfer problem. Methods The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the scores of factors influencing training transfer (FITT) among nursing professionals. The questionnaire was developed by item generation through interview with nurses and literature review. The FITT was validated in terms of content validity through expert reviews. Psychometric properties of the final instrument were assessed in a sample of 960 nurses with training experiences. Results The content validity of the instrument were as follows: the IR was 0.8095. 51 items on the 63-item scale had I-CVIs of 1.0 and the remaining 12 items had I-CVIs of 0.88. The S-CVI/UA was 0.976 and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.977. For the exploratory step, principal axis factoring (PAF) was selected for this study. Parallel analysis was used to decide the number of factors to extract and oblimin rotation method was used. Exploratory factor analysis identified a five-factor solution including 53 items, accounting for 68.23% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis showed some support for this five-factor model. The findings demonstrate high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .965). Conclusions This study indicates that the FITT is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the factors influencing training transfer among nursing professionals. The FITT can be used to assess individual perceptions of catalysts and barriers to the transfer of training among nursing professionals, which can help promote training transfer and training effectiveness in the workplace.

An integration technology for wafer-level LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film on Si has been achieved. The optimized spin-coating speed of PI (polyimide) adhesive is 3500 rad/min. According to Fourier infrared analysis of the chemical state of the film baked under different conditions, a high-quality PI film that can be used for wafer-level bonding is obtained. A high bonding strength of 11.38 MPa is obtained by a tensile machine. The bonding interface is uniform, completed and non-porous. After the PI adhesive bonding process, the LiNbO3 single-crystal was lapped by chemical mechanical polishing. The thickness of the 100 mm diameter LiNbO3 can be decreased from 500 to 10 μm without generating serious cracks. A defect-free and tight bonding interface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction results show that the prepared LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film has a highly crystalline quality. Heterogeneous integration of LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film on Si is of great significance to the fabrication of MEMS devices for in-situ measurement of space-sensing signals.

Abstract Limited information is available on the effect of hypertriglyceridemia–waist (HTGW) combination and its dynamic status on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural China. A cohort of 12,086 participants 18 to 92 years old was retained in this study. Kaplan-Meier analysis yielded the cumulative incidence of T2DM for each phenotype group (based on TG level and waist circumference [WC] at baseline). Cox regression yielded hazard ratios relating HTGW (based on TG level and WC at baseline and follow-up) to risk of developing T2DM. After a median follow-up of 6.0 years (71,432 person-years of follow-up), T2DM developed in 621 participants. For HTGW participants, the incidence of T2DM was 26.4/1000, 20.6/1000, and 21.9/1000 person-years for males, females, and overall, respectively. The adjusted HR for HTGW associated with T2DM was 7.63 (95% CI 4.32–13.49) for males and 7.75 (4.71–12.78) for females. Compared with consistent HTGW, with transformation from baseline HTGW to normal WC and normal triglycerides level at follow-up, the risk of developing T2DM was reduced by 75% and 78% for males and females. HTGW is a major risk factor for T2DM, but the risk could be reduced by improved triglycerides level and WC.

Designing and synthesizing photothermal conversion materials with better storage capacity, long-term stability as well as low temperature energy output capability is still a huge challenge in the area of photothermal storage. In this work, we report a brand new photothermal conversion material obtained by attaching trifluoromethylated azobenzene (AzoF) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). AzoF-rGO exhibits outstanding heat storage density and power density up to 386.1 kJ·kg−1 and 890.6 W·kg−1, respectively, with a long half-life (87.7 h) because of the H-bonds based on high attachment density. AzoF-rGO also exhibits excellent cycling stability and is equipped with low-temperature energy output capability, which achieves the reversible cycle of photothermal conversion within a closed system. This novel AzoF-rGO complex, which on the one hand exhibits remarkable energy storage performance as well as excellent storage life span, and on the other hand is equipped with the ability to release heat at low temperatures, shows broad prospects in the practical application of actual photothermal storage.