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We carried out a thorough genetic evaluation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases and performed a phylogenetic analysis to represent the evolutionary relationship between S. dysgalactiae sequences. A total of 35 S. dysgalactiae strains were isolated from cases of clinical mastitis identified at a large commercial dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York. Whole-genome sequencing identified twenty-six antibiotic resistance genes, four of which were acquired genes, in addition to fifty virulence genes. Multi-locus sequence typing detected three new sequence types (STs). We conclude that a high proportion of this microorganism carries multiple virulence determinants and resistance genes, and that this indicates its potential to cause mastitis. Eight different STs were identified, of which ST453 (n = 17) was the most prevalent and ST714, ST715, ST716 were novel STs.

Objective: to identify in the scientific literature factors that hinder exclusive breastfeeding. Development: This is an integrative literature review, which took place between June and July in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and in the databases: Latin American Literature of the Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Bases de nursing data (BDENF); in LATINDEX (Regional Online Information System for Scientific Journals of Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal), and Red Iberoamericana (REDIB), through the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Results: It showed the main factors that hinder the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, among them are: pain, the appearance of fissures, mastitis, the mother’s return to work, difficulty in “handling”, lack of guidance, little experience of mom. Conclusion: The study becomes essential in conducting practices to encourage exclusive breastfeeding in the prevention of early weaning.

Objetivo: Analisar as características clínicas-epidemiológicas, segundo a infecção pelo HIV, dos casos de criptococose no estado de Goiás. Métodos: Estudo transversal dos casos de criptococose no período de 2011 a 2014. Utilizou-se registros laboratoriais e prontuários médicos de unidades de saúde referência para a doença. Aplicou testes estatísticos para comparar o grupo HIV positivos e HIV negativos com as variáveis estudadas. Resultados: Identificou 130 casos de criptococose, 116(89,2%) HIV positivos e 14(10,8%) negativos. A meningoencefalite foi a forma clínica predominante em ambos os grupos, assim como a espécie Cryptococcus neoformans. Entre os casos HIV negativos (64,3%) usavam medicamentos imunossupressores. A média da contagem de células TCD4 dos casos HIV positivos foi 58,7 células/mm3e 60,8% foram a óbito, entre os sobreviventes, 43,1% ficaram com sequelas, sendo o déficit visual o mais frequente. Conclusões: A criptococose é uma doença grave, dada a elevada letalidade e potencial de provocar danos funcionais.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, na área científica de Sanidade Animal RESUMO - A prescrição de um medicamento para uso em animais é uma atividade englobada na clínica médico-veterinária. Até janeiro de 2022, em Portugal, a receita médico-veterinária existia apenas em papel, impossibilitando a rastreabilidade e a vigilância sobre o uso destes medicamentos. O recurso a uma solução eletrónica de prescrição representaria uma forma fiável de assegurar este controlo. Assim, neste projeto, constituíram-se como objetivos gerais (1) a criação de um repositório digital de toda a informação relativa ao medicamento veterinário (MEDVET), (2) a criação da prescrição eletrónica médico-veterinária (PEMV) e (3) a implementação de ambos os sistemas. As duas plataformas foram criadas em base web, utilizando uma framework de desenvolvimento fundamentada em arquitetura MVC de três camadas. Após o primeiro ano de disponibilização do MEDVET, registaram-se cerca de 300000 consultas. A PEMV entrou em produção no dia 31 de janeiro de 2022, tendo sido emitidas, nos primeiros 132 dias de utilização, um total de 209878 receitas médico-veterinárias, correspondendo a mais de 1500 por dia. Neste período, assistiu-se a um aumento progressivo de utilização destas duas plataformas, confirmando o sucesso da implementação de ambas as ferramentas ABSTRACT - Creation and Implementation of the National Veterinary Prescription System for Portugal - The prescription of a medicinal product for use in animals is an activity incompassed in the veterinary medical clinic. Until January 2022, in Portugal, the prescription only existed on paper, making it impossible to trace and monitor the consumption of these medicines. The use of an electronic prescription solution would represent a reliable way of ensuring this control. Thus, in this project, the general objectives were (1) the creation of a digital repository of all information related to veterinary medicinal products (MEDVET), (2) the creation of the electronic veterinary prescription (PEMV) and (3) the implementation of both systems. The two web-based platforms were created using development framework based on a three-layer MVC architecture. After the first year of MEDVET's availability to the public, approximately 300000 consultations were recorded. PEMV went into production on the 31st of January 2022, and in its first 132 days of use, a total of 209878 veterinary prescriptions were issued, corresponding to more than 1500 per day. During this period, there was a progressive increase in the use of these two platforms, attesting the successful implementation of both tools. N/A

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar se o jogo da memória “será que vai acontecer?”, enquanto recurso didático, permite que os estudantes consigam transferir a aprendizagem de um determinado contexto para outro contexto. Tomamos como fundamentação teórica para análise, os tipos de contextos proposto por Ole Skovsmose (2000). No procedimento metodológico realizamos uma pesquisa de campo e organizamos em três momentos. O primeiro, consistiu na aplicação de uma atividade diagnóstica pré-jogo, no contexto da semi-realidade, para identificar que compreensão os alunos tinham sobre os conceitos de probabilidade. No segundo momento, foi aplicado o jogo Será que vai acontecer? no contexto da matemática pura para que os alunos fossem se apropriando dos conceitos e se familiarizando com os termos que representam os respectivos conceitos. Por fim, foi aplicada uma nova atividade diagnóstica no contexto da semi- realidade para verifica verificar se os alunos conseguiram transferir a aprendizagem de um determinado contexto para o outro. Os resultados dessa análise permitiram perceber que os estudantes tiveram 100% de aproveitamento no conceito certo, fazendo associação de um contexto da matemática pura para o contexto da semi-realidade. No entanto, não teve muita influência no conceito de talvez aconteça e impossível pela natureza particular das situações e distintas em cada um dos contextos. This article aims to analyze whether the memory game “will it happen?”, as a didactic resource, allows students to transfer learning from a given context to another context. We take as theoretical foundation for analysis, the types of contexts proposed by Ole Skovsmose (2000). In the methodological procedure, we carried out a field research and organized it into three stages. The first consisted in the application of a pre-game diagnostic activity, in the context of semi-reality, to identify what understanding the students had about the concepts of probability. In the second moment, the game Will it happen? in the context of pure mathematics, so that students could take ownership of the concepts and become familiar with the terms that represent the respective concepts. Finally, a new diagnostic activity was applied in the semi-reality context to verify if students were able to transfer learning from one context to another. The results of this analysis allowed us to realize that the students had 100% success in the right concept, associating a context of pure mathematics to the context of semi-reality. However, it did not have much influence on the concept of maybe happening and impossible due to the particular nature of the situations and distinct in each context.

The objective of this randomized clinical study was to compare the effect of 2 antimicrobial interventions, tildipirosin or florfenicol + flunixin meglumine, used for treatment of pneumonia and extralabel treatment for otitis on health parameters and upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota of preweaned Holstein calves. Housed preweaned Holstein heifers diagnosed with either otitis or pneumonia were assigned into 1 of 2 treatment groups, receiving a single subcutaneous injection of either 4 mg/kg of tildipirosin (TLD; n = 444) or 40 mg/kg of florfenicol combined with 2.2 mg/kg of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, flunixin meglumine (FLF; n = 442). Calves were enrolled and treated on the day of diagnosis of the first case of pneumonia or otitis. If a calf had a recurrent case, the opposite drug was administered, respecting an interval of 5 d between drug injections. Blood samples for leukocyte counts were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 d after treatment, and rectal temperature was measured daily during the 5 d after treatment. Ear scores were observed from calves with otitis. Additionally, swabs of the URT were collected from a subset of 20 calves in each treatment group at d 0, 3, 6, 9, and 11 following enrollment for analysis of URT microbiota through next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative PCR. Swabs were also collected from a comparative group of 20 healthy calves that did not receive any drug. No differences were observed between groups for recurrence risk of either pneumonia (TLD = 32.4%; FLF = 29.7%) or otitis (TLD = 72.7%; FLF = 73.6%). Similarly, no differences were observed for the total number of treatments for pneumonia (TLD = 1.45; FLF = 1.42) or otitis (TLD = 2.96; FLF = 3.07). On the other hand, both drugs reduced rectal temperature, ear scores, and leukocyte counts, with FLF calves having a greater reduction in rectal temperature within 4 d after treatment. Both TLD and FLF reduced the total bacterial load when compared with healthy untreated calves, but no differences were observed between treatment groups. Furthermore, compared with the untreated group, treated calves had lower mean relative abundances (MRA) of the genera Mannheimia, Moraxella, and Pasteurella within 11, 9, and 3 d after treatment, respectively; however, no significant differences were observed between TLD and FLF. On the other hand, MRA of Mycoplasma was not decreased by both treatments compared to untreated animals, and a higher MRA was observed in the TLD group during 11 d after treatment in comparison to FLF and untreated calves. Based on this data, we concluded that both drugs used in the study were effective in reducing rectal temperature, ear scores, leukocyte counts, and MRA of the genera Mannheimia, Pasteurella, and Moraxella in the URT, and calves treated with FLF had a greater reduction in rectal temperature.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the metaphylactic use of a semi-synthetic long-acting macrolide (tildipirosin) on the prevention of pneumonia and otitis in preweaning Holstein calves, as well as its effects on the microbiome of their upper respiratory tract (URT) and feces. Newborn healthy Holstein heifers, collectively housed, were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups: treatment (TRT; n = 932) or control (CTR; n = 927). Calves in the TRT group received a single subcutaneous injection of 4 mg/kg tildipirosin (Zuprevo, Merck Animal Health) at 7 ± 7 d of life. Calves in the CTR group received no drug injection. All enrolled calves were evaluated from 1 to 63 ± 3 d of life (weaning age) and monitored daily for any adverse health events during this period. Daily physical examination was performed to diagnose pneumonia and otitis, and body weight was measured weekly in all animals. From a randomly selected subset of 217 calves, blood samples for biochemical variables analysis and swabs were collected weekly from the URT and rectum for analysis of the nasal and fecal microbiome, respectively, via next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Total bacterial load was evaluated using quantitative PCR. In addition, another subset of 26 calves was randomly selected and fecal swabs were collected in a more intensive sampling to investigate the short-term effect of tildipirosin administration on the fecal microbiome. We performed general mixed linear models and logistic regression to analyze continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Tildipirosin metaphylaxis reduced the incidence of otitis (CTR = 47.03%; TRT = 37.55%) and tended to reduce the incidence of pneumonia (CTR = 20.71%; TRT = 17.38%) and the overall mortality risk (CTR = 6.69%; TRT = 4.94%). We observed no significant differences between groups for mortality due to pneumonia (CTR = 0.86%; TRT = 0.97%) or mortality due to otitis (CTR = 2.05%; TRT = 1.39%). Calves in the TRT group had a higher average daily gain than calves in the CTR group. Furthermore, metaphylaxis had no significant effects on the total bacterial load, genus, or phylum analysis of the fecal microbiome from the 2 subset groups. However, for the URT microbiota, we observed a significant decrease in total bacterial load for the TRT group compared to the CTR group 1 week after metaphylactic injection. Tildipirosin metaphylaxis decreased the mean relative abundance of the genera Mannheimia, Moraxella, and Pasteurella but significantly increased the mean relative abundance of Mycoplasma. Although tildipirosin had no positive effect on Mycoplasma, it reduced the mean relative abundance of important pathogenic bacteria in the URT and had positive effects for the control of otitis. The metaphylactic use of tildipirosin can be a suitable strategy for the control of otitis on farms with a high prevalence of this disease.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 vaccine formulations containing proteins (FimH, leukotoxin, and pyolysin), inactivated whole cells (Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Trueperella pyogenes), or both, in the prevention of postpartum uterine diseases. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at a commercial dairy farm; 800 heifers were assigned into 1 of 4 different treatment groups: control, vaccine 1 (bacterin and subunit proteins), vaccine 2 (bacterin), and vaccine 3 (recombinant subunit proteins), and each heifer received a subcutaneous injection of its respective treatment at 240 ± 3 and 270 ± 3 d of gestation. Vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of puerperal metritis when compared with control (9.1% vs. 14.9%, respectively; odds ratio 0.51). Additionally, vaccine 3 was found to reduce the incidence of puerperal metritis when compared with the control (8.0% vs. 14.9%, respectively; odds ratio 0.46). Reproduction was improved for metritic cows that were vaccinated, and the effect was stronger for cows that were treated with vaccine 3. In general, vaccination decreased the total vaginal bacterial load and decreased the vaginal load of F. necrophorum by 9 d in milk. Vaccination reduced the prevalence of puerperal metritis in the first lactation of dairy cows, leading to less metritic disease and improved reproduction.

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de micobacterioses não tuberculosas e verificar quais os fatores de risco associados aos casos no estado de Goiás. Métodos: Trata-se estudo transversal, desenvolvido a partir dos resultados e informações contidas nas solicitações de exames e culturas arquivados pela seção de Micobactérias do LACEN-GO, que de acordo com os critérios microbiológicos internacionais caracterizaram-se como verdadeiros casos, no período de 2010 a 2018. Resultados: Foram identificados 240 casos no período analisado. Destes, 90 (37,0%) foram relacionados a doença disseminada, 75 (32,0%) a infecções associadas a procedimentos invasivos, 71 (29,5%) a doença pulmonar, 3 (1,2%) a doença linfática e 1 (0,3%) a doença renal. Os casos de Infecção associada a procedimentos Invasivos ocorreram em mulheres de 20-29 anos, seguido da faixa etária de 30-39 anos, que se submeteram a implante de prótese mamária e glútea, lipoaspiração ou abdominoplastia. A doença pulmonar predominou em indivíduos com idade maior que 60 anos, seguido de 40-49 anos, com histórico de tuberculose ou tratamento prévio para esta doença, e que vivem com HIV/AIDS. A doença disseminada foi identificada em indivíduos de 30-39 anos vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Conclusão: Observou-se que atualmente a prevalência na forma disseminada e pulmonar encontra-se elevada. São fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento de doença disseminada indivíduos de 30-39 anos vivendo HIV/AIDS, para doença pulmonar os idosos com histórico de tuberculose, em ambas no gênero masculino, e para Infecções associada a procedimentos invasivos gênero feminino de 30-39 anos com implante de prótese mamária.

Vaccination is a promising approach to prevent Klebsiella infection; however, the high heterogeneity of strains is a limiting factor. The best antigenic target for an anti-Klebsiella vaccine should be expressed by all or most of strains. We previously found YidR protein to be highly conserved among K. pneumoniae strains independently of antigen serotype. Therefore, in the present study, we developed a recombinant YidR protein vaccine and evaluated its protective efficacy against lethal challenge with K. pneumoniae in a mouse model. The yidR gene was cloned in Escherichia coli for recombinant expression. The lethal dose (LD100) of K. pneumoniae was determined and lethal challenge was carried out after immunization with recombinant purified YidR. After immunization, the concentration of total serum IgG was significantly higher in YidR-immunized mice than in non-immunized mice, indicating strong induction of antibodies. Mice were challenged with LD100 of K. pneumoniae, and significantly lower murine sepsis and higher body weight were observed in YidR-immunized mice compared to unvaccinated controls. Moreover, ∼90% of YidR-immunized mice survived beyond 10 days of observation, whereas none of the control mice survived past 48 h. The protective effect of YidR recombinant protein vaccine was demonstrated and YidR may be a promising vaccine candidate to prevent klebsiellosis.

O presente artigo se propõe a explorar as representações da África em textos selecionados de Lívia Natália e Maria Stella de Azevedo Santos (ou Mãe Stella de Oxóssi). Para isso, são examinadas algumas questões teóricas relativas à literatura de pessoas negras e estabelecidas encruzilhadas discursivas, dentro das quais textos e contextos afrodiaspóricos são entrecruzados à procura de uma voz negra recriada em prosa e verso. Nas recriações literárias das tradições africanas, aparecem textos de novas ideias e significados que fornecem recursos de sobrevivência e histórias de combate às variadas formas de violências impostas às pessoas negras. A apropriação criativa de formas culturais afrodiaspóricas na imaginação literária de mulheres negras revela o valor polivalente dos símbolos africanos na diáspora e sua capacidade de fundamentar discursos identitários diversos.

Background Bovine mastitis is an important cause of economic loss in dairy farms. Streptococcus uberis is among the most frequently isolated bacterial species isolated from cows with mastitis. The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth genetic assessment of S. uberis strains isolated from bovine clinical mastitis (CM) and to perform a phylogenetic analysis to represent the evolutionary relationship among S. uberis sequences. Results A total of 159 isolates was genetically characterized using whole genome sequencing. According to the virulence determinants, all strains harbored the hasC, leuS, perR, purH, and purN virulence genes. Thirty-four resistance genes were identified in at least one strain. In terms of acquired genes, we observed that 152 (95.6 %) strains had a resistance gene to lincosamine (lnuD), 48 (30.2 %) to tetracycline (tetM), 4 (2.51 %) to tobramicine (ant6), and 1 to lincosamide (lsa(E)). MLST detected the Sequence Type (ST)797 (n = 23), while 85.5 % of the strains did not match to known STs. Conclusions Then, eleven distinct ST were identified after we submitted the new alleles to assign new STs. The other prevalent STs observed were ST1215 (n = 58), ST1219 (n = 35), and ST1213 (n = 15). And it was not possible to identify the MLST of four strains. Phylogenetic lineages indicated a high genomic diversity of S. uberis in our collection, confirming that most strains isolated from bovine mastitis have different reservoirs, typical of environmental pathogens.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior O uso de hortas escolares como ferramenta pedagógica de ensino, além de abordar temas relacionados a educação ambiental e a educação para a saúde, apresentam-se como um laboratório vivo de experiências que permitem associar teoria e prática. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre as possibilidades e limitações do uso de hortas no ensino de biologia e elaborar sugestões de metodologias ligadas a práticas com hortas escolares para estudantes do ensino médio. Foram analisados estudos publicados originalmente na língua portuguesa, entre os anos de 2010 a 2019, tendo como referência as bases de dados Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e Google Acadêmico. Fizeram parte do escopo desta revisão 32 estudos que preencheram os critérios de seleção. Utilizamos neste estudo uma abordagem qualitativa com objetivo exploratório e descritivo com procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os estudos permitiram concluir que as hortas escolares podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas de ensino de Biologia e além de favorecerem a interdisciplinaridade, também permitem o estudo de temas transversais relacionados a Educação Ambiental, bem como, ampliam a atuação do professor para além da sala de aula. Vegetable gardens could be interesting pedagogical tool in high school, because are a living laboratory for the students and a community. In addition, allow to create a bridge between theory and practice. For this reason, this study aimed to do a integrative review about the possibilities and limitations of the use of vegetable gardens in biological classes and to suggest working approaches that could be used as models for biological practical lessons in high school. In this work, papers published in portuguese from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed using “Periódicos CAPES” and Google Scholar. A total of 32 papers were examined and met the required standard. In this study, we used a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive objective with technical procedures for bibliographic research. As a conclusion, vegetable gardens may be used in biological classes exploring ways to integrate interdisciplinary aspects in the classroom, for example, social and environmental sustainability. Also, may expand the capacity of teacher beyond classroom.

Blazar hadronic models have been developed in the past decades as an alternative to leptonic ones. In hadronic models the gamma-ray emission is associated with synchrotron emission by protons, and/or secondary leptons produced in proton-photon interactions. Together with photons, hadronic emission models predict the emission of neutrinos that are therefore the smoking gun for acceleration of relativistic hadrons in blazar jets. The simulation of proton-photon interactions and all associated radiative processes is a complex numerical task, and different approaches to the problem have been adopted in the literature. So far, no systematic comparison between the different codes has been performed, preventing a clear understanding of the underlying uncertainties in the numerical simulations. To fill this gap, we have undertaken the first comprehensive comparison of blazar hadronic codes, and the results from this effort will be presented in this contribution., To appear in the proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, in Proceedings of Science (ICRC2021), 979

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Xpert® MTB/RIF in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Methodology: Cross-sectional study based on records filed in the Mycobacteria Section of a reference laboratory in the diagnosis of diseases of interest in public health in the state of Goiás. Data were collected on samples linked to suspected cases of tuberculosis processed in the period between October 2017 and October 2018. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples that presented Xpert® MTB/RIF results and culture were included in the study. The information collected was used to compose a database with the following variables: clinical specimen, result of Xpert® MTB/RIF, result of culture and type of culture (solid or liquid). For calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), growth in culture was taken as a reference. Results: 3262 samples were eligible for the study, 3068 of pulmonary origin (94.1%) and 194 of extrapulmonary origin (5.9%). The Xpert® MTB/RIF showed general sensitivity and specificity of 87.1% and 97.6% for samples of pulmonary origin and 80.0% and 97.3% for samples of extrapulmonary origin. The test performance varied according to the clinical sample and the type of culture taken as a reference. Conclusion: The Xpert® MTB/RIF test demonstrated in the present study to be an important diagnostic tool for cases of tuberculosis in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples, with good sensitivity and specificity. The results, as with any other methodology, should be interpreted with caution and based on the association of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory criteria. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño diagnóstico de Xpert® MTB/RIF en el estado de Goiás, Brasil. Metodología: Estudio transversal a partir de registros archivados en la Sección de Micobacterias de un laboratorio de referencia en el diagnóstico de enfermedades de interés para la salud pública en el estado de Goiás. Se recolectaron datos sobre muestras vinculadas a casos sospechosos de tuberculosis procesados ​​en el período comprendido entre octubre de 2017 y octubre de 2018. Se incluyeron en el estudio muestras pulmonares y extrapulmonares que presentaron resultados de Xpert® MTB/RIF y cultivo. La información recolectada se utilizó para componer una base de datos con las siguientes variables: muestra clínica, resultado de Xpert® MTB/RIF, resultado de cultivo y tipo de cultivo (sólido o líquido). Para el cálculo de la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN), se tomó como referencia el crecimiento en cultivo. Resultados: 3262 muestras fueron elegibles para el estudio, 3068 de origen pulmonar (94,1%) y 194 de origen extrapulmonar (5,9%). El Xpert® MTB/RIF mostró una sensibilidad y especificidad general del 87,1% y 97,6% para muestras de origen pulmonar y del 80,0% y 97,3% para muestras de origen extrapulmonar. El rendimiento de la prueba varió según la muestra clínica y el tipo de cultivo tomado como referencia. Conclusión: La prueba Xpert® MTB/RIF demostró en el presente estudio ser una importante herramienta diagnóstica para casos de tuberculosis tanto en muestras pulmonares como extrapulmonares, con buena sensibilidad y especificidad. Los resultados, al igual que con cualquier otra metodología, deben interpretarse con cautela y basarse en la asociación de criterios clínicos, epidemiológicos y de laboratorio. Objetivo: Avaliar a performance diagnóstica do Xpert® MTB/RIF na realidade goiana. Metodologia: Estudo transversal formulado a partir de registros arquivados na Seção de Micobactérias de um laboratório referência no diagnóstico de agravos de interesse em saúde pública do Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Foram coletados dados referentes a amostras vinculadas a casos suspeitos de tuberculose processadas no período compreendido entre outubro de 2017 e outubro de 2018. Incluiu-se no estudo amostras pulmonares e extrapulmonares que apresentavam resultados de Xpert® MTB/RIF e cultura. As informações coletadas foram utilizadas para composição de um banco de dados com as seguintes variáveis: espécime clínico, resultado do Xpert® MTB/RIF, resultado da cultura e tipo de cultura (sólida ou líquida). Para cálculo de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN), o crescimento em cultura foi tido como referência. Resultados: Foram elegíveis para o estudo 3262 amostras, 3068 de origem pulmonar (94,1%) e 194 de origem extrapulmonar (5,9%). O Xpert® MTB/RIF mostrou sensibilidade e especificidade geral de 87,1% e 97,6% para amostras de origem pulmonar e 80,0% e 97,3% para amostras de origem extrapulmonar. O desempenho do teste variou de acordo com a amostra clínica e o tipo de cultura tomada como referência. Conclusão: O teste Xpert® MTB/RIF demonstrou no presente estudo ser uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica para casos de tuberculose tanto em amostras pulmonares quanto extrapulmonares, apresentando boa sensibilidade e especificidade. Os resultados, como de qualquer outra metodologia, devem ser interpretados com cautela e baseados na associação de critérios clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais.

Resumo: O presente artigo oferece um estudo crítico da poesia de Lívia Natália, com foco nas características que distinguem a sua obra criativa no âmbito da literatura afro-brasileira contemporânea. Ao explorar a tematização de suas experiências, do arquivo cultural afro-brasileiro e da subjetividade negra, a leitura atenta dos poemas indica as implicações éticas de sua perspectiva poética para o contraditório contexto racial brasileiro. A articulação criativa de uma linguagem antirracista e a exploração dos sentidos de suas vivências evidenciam a complexidade da identidade poética de Natália. Abstract: This article offers a critical study of Lívia Natália’s poetry, focusing on the characteristics that distinguish her creative work within contemporary Afro-Brazilian literature. By investigating the thematization of her experiences, the Afro-Brazilian cultural archive, and black subjectivity, a close reading of the poems indicates the ethical implications of her poetic perspective for the contradictory Brazilian racial context. The creative articulation of an anti-racist language and the exploration of her existence’s meanings speak to the complexity of Natália’s poetic identity.

Foodborne diseases (FBD) occur worldwide and affect a large part of the population, being a cause of international concern among health authorities. Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted by contaminated food, and it is one of the pathogens that most cause foodborne outbreaks in Brazil. Currently, this organism’s ability in developing resistance to antibiotics is notorious; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA—is known for its resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and others. MRSA is one of the leading causes of infections, becoming a major threat to human health worldwide due to the numerous toxins that can produce. At first, the transmission of MRSA occurred in clinical environments; but in recent decades, its presence has been reported in the community, outside the hospital environment, including food and food-producing animals around the world. In this review, information about MRSA was gathered to verify MRSA incidence in the world but especially in Brazil in food samples, food handlers, food-producing animals, and food processing environments. The studies show that MRSA is easily found and in certain cases with high frequency, thus representing a potential risk to public health.

Periodontitis is a common and important health problem in domestic cats. The subgingival microbiota of cats diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (CP), aggressive periodontitis (AP), and feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) are not well characterized. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the periodontal microbiota of periodontally healthy cats versus cats diagnosed with CP, AP, and FCGS by using next-generation sequencing. In total, 44 domestic cats were enrolled, and 139 subgingival samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbiota composition of each periodontal group evaluated. Our results identified several key genera previously described in periodontal disease (e.g. Treponema and Filifactor) and in the oral microbiota (e.g. Moraxella and Capnocytophaga) of healthy cats. Phylogenetic beta diversity analysis showed that the microbiota of periodontally healthy cats were distinguishable from diseased cats. Even though most of the genera known to be associated with periodontal disease were also identified in healthy cats, they were present at significantly lower relative abundance. Remarkably, alpha diversity was found to be higher in the disease groups compared to healthy animals. These results suggest a pathological mechanism involving opportunistic behavior. Our findings corroborate those in the current literature regarding the complexity of the subgingival microbiota of the domestic cat and reveal both differences and similarities among periodontally healthy and diseased cats.

We demonstrate that a population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) can describe the observed spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at and above the ankle, and that the dominant contribution comes from low-luminosity BL Lacertae objects. An additional, subdominant contribution from high-luminosity AGN is needed to improve the description of the composition observables, leading to a substantial neutrino flux that peaks at exaelectronvolt (EeV) energies. We also find that different properties for the low- and high-luminosity AGN populations are required; a possibly similar baryonic loading can already be excluded from current IceCube Neutrino Observatory observations. We also show that the flux of neutrinos emitted from within the sources should outshine the cosmogenic neutrinos produced during the propagation of UHECRs. This result has profound implications for the ultra-high-energy ($\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{EeV}$) neutrino experiments, since additional search strategies can be used for source neutrinos compared to cosmogenic neutrinos, such as stacking searches, flare analyses, and multimessenger follow-ups.