Search

International audience; Improvements to battery performance, reliability and lifetime are essential to meet the expansive demands for energy storage. As part of this, continuous monitoring of the dynamic chemistry inside cells offers an exciting path to minimizing parasitic reactions and maximizing sustainability. Building upon recent fibre-optic/battery innovations, we report the use of operando infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy to monitor electrolyte evolution in 18650 Na-ion and Li-ion cells under real working conditions. This approach enables identification of chemical species and reveals electrolyte and additive decomposition mechanisms during cycling, thereby providing important insights into the growth and nature of the solid–electrolyte interphase, the dynamics of solvation and their complex interrelations. Moreover, by directly embedding fibres within the electrode material, we demonstrate simultaneous observations of both the material structural evolution and the Na(Li) inventory changes upon cycling. This illuminating sensing method has the power to reveal the otherwise opaque chemical phenomena occurring within each key battery component.

Spin relaxation induced by the interfacial effects in GaN/Al0.25Ga0.75N heterostructures was carefully investigated using a photon-energy-dependent time-resolved Kerr rotation spectrum. The existence of the interfacial localized states with potential fluctuations at the GaN/AlGaN heterointerface leads to photoluminescence peaks showing blue and S-shaped shifts owing to the excitation power and temperature, respectively. Photoexcited electrons in the localized states show a spin relaxation time longer than 1 ns because of the suppression of the D'yakonov–Perel’ (DP) scattering, while the spin relaxation time of free electrons was approximately only 10 ps because of the giant Rashba spin-orbit coupling induced by the interfacial polarization field under the framework of the DP scattering mechanism. Furthermore, it is found that the high electron mobility at the heterointerface results in a long spin diffusion length of 300 nm at high temperatures, which is promising for the development of GaN-based spintronic devices.

近年来，随着成像技术和细针穿刺技术的进步，超声、CT及MRI等成像技术引导细针穿刺细胞学/活检的临床应用得到了广泛推广和普及，各类细针穿刺细胞/活检标本明显增多。同一病例细针穿刺标本往往既包括细胞学材料，也包括小的组织学材料，分别涉及细胞病理学和组织病理学专科领域。在临床病理实现专科化发展的大趋势下，如何综合利用、恰当分配有限的细针穿刺材料，整合细胞和组织病理医师的观点，在作出明确诊断的同时，又能够尽可能满足临床对治疗相关免疫及分子检测的需要，已经成为病理临床实践中必须面对的一个挑战。本文拟结合学科发展前沿方向和国内病理界的实际情况，对成像技术引导细针穿刺细胞学/活检应用概况、对临床病理实践的挑战及完善操作程序、提高诊断获益的应对策略等相关问题进行讨论，以期引起国内同仁的关注。.

The pursuit of minimally invasive biopsy and targeted treatment as well as technical progress have boosted the extensive clinical usages of fine needle puncture cell/tissue acquisition technology in recent years. How to rationally use the limited fine needle puncture materials which are usually minimal and fragmented, while making pathological diagnosis, accomplish the auxiliary tests of immune phenotype, molecular features and other tests required by the clinician, and comprehensively improve the diagnostic benefits of fine needle puncture material is a big challenge facing the pathology community. Up to now, there has been no successful experience that can be learned from abroad. Some suggestions for the further improvement of diagnostic efficacy of fine needle puncture specimens from the aspects of sub-specialty cooperation and comprehensive utilization of the materials are put forward based on the progress trend in pathology and the current situation in China.近年来，对活检微创化、治疗靶向化的追求和技术进步推动了细针穿刺细胞/组织获取技术的广泛临床应用。如何合理使用少而破碎的有限细针穿刺材料，在进行病理诊断的同时，完成临床要求的免疫表型、分子特征等辅助检测，全面提高细针穿刺材料的诊断效益，是病理界面临的挑战。目前，国外尚无成功经验可资借鉴。基于病理发展趋势和我国现状，本文从亚专科合作、材料综合利用等方面对提高细针穿刺标本病理诊断水平提出了一些建议。.

To investigate the feasibility of establishment of ultrasound radiomics-based models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis, so as to provide insights into precision ultrasound diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis.The ultrasonographic images were retrospectively collected from 200 patients with hepatic echinococcosis in Shiqu County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province in October 2014, and the regions of interest were plotted in ultrasonographic images of hepatic echinococcosis lesions. The ultrasound radiomics features of hepatic echinococcosis were extracted with 25 methods, and screened using pre-selection and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Then, all ultrasonographic images were randomly assigned into the training and independent test sets according to the type of lesions at a ratio of 7:3. Machine learning models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis were created based on two classifiers, including kernel logistic regression (KLR) and medium Gaussian support vector machine (MGSVM). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the sensitivity, specificity and areas under the curves (AUC) of the created machine learning models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis were calculated.A total of 5 005 ultrasound radiomics features were extracted from 200 patients with hepatic echinococcosis using 25 methods, and 36 optimal radiomics features were screened through feature selection, based on which two machine learning models were created, including KLR and MGSVM. ROC curve analysis showed that MGS-VM presented a higher efficacy for hepatic echinococcosis classification than KLR in the training set, with a sensitivity of 0.82, a specificity of 0.78 and AUC of 0.88, while KLR presented a higher efficacy for hepatic echinococcosis classification than MGSVM in the independent test set, with a sensitivity of 0.82, a specificity of 0.72 and AUC of 0.86, respectively.Ultrasound radiomics-based machine learning models are feasible for hepatic echinococcosis classification.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between drug treatment and outcomes in patients with late-onset severe pneumonia (LOSP) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the effects of the initiation time of treatment drugs, especially antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids on the clinical outcomes in 82 patients between January 2016 and August 2021 who developed LOSP after allo-SCT in Peking University People's Hospital. Univariate analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test and χ(2) test, and multivariate analysis was performed by Logistic regression. When multiple groups (n>2) were involved in the χ(2) test, Bonferroni correction was used for the level of significance test. RESULTS: Of all 82 patients in this study, the median onset time of LOSP was 220 d (93-813 d) after transplantation, and the 60-day survival rate was 58.5% (48/82). The median improvement time of the survival patients was 18 d (7-44 d), while the median death time of the died patients was 22 d (2-53 d). Multivariate analysis showed that the initiation time of antiviral drugs from the onset of LOSP (< 10 d vs. ≥10 d, P=0.012), and the initiation time of glucocorticoids from antiviral drugs (< 10 d vs. ≥10 d, P=0.027) were the factors affecting the final outcome of the patients with LOSP at the end of 60 d. According to the above results, LOSP patients were divided into four subgroups: group A (antiviral drugs < 10 d, glucocorticoids ≥10 d), group B (antiviral drugs < 10 d, glucocorticoids < 10 d), group C (antiviral drugs ≥10 d, glucocorticoids ≥10 d) and group D (antiviral drugs ≥10 d, glucocorticoids < 10 d), the 60-day survival rates were 91.7%, 56.8%, 50.0% and 21.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that in patients who developed LOSP after allo-SCT, the initiation time of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids were associated with the prognosis of LOSP, and the survival rate was highest in patients who received antiviral drugs early and glucocorticoids later. It suggested that for patients with LOSP of unknown etiology should be highly suspicious of the possibility of a secondary hyperimmune response to viral infection.

A 5-year-old female patient, presented with"night blindness and poor hearing for 1 year"whose first diagnosis was Usher syndrome due to retinitis pigmentosa accompanied by sensorineural deafness. Compound heterozygous variants (c.5GA, p.W2*/c.3022CT, p.P1008S) of PEX1, the causative gene for Zellweger spectrum disorder was confirmed by targeted exome sequencing analysis. Permanent tooth enamel dysplasia, nail leukoplakia, and biochemical abnormalities of peroxisome which is consistent with mild Zellweger spectrum disorder were found when she followed up.患儿女性，5岁，因“夜盲、听力差1年”就诊，因视网膜色素变性合并感音神经性耳聋，首诊为Usher综合征。目标区域捕获测序分析发现患儿携带Zellweger谱系障碍致病基因PEX1复合杂合变异c.5GA，p.W2*/c.3022CT，p.P1008S。后期随访发现患儿恒牙釉质发育不良，指甲白斑，过氧化物酶体功能生化异常，诊断为轻型Zellweger谱系障碍。.

Anaphylaxis to perioperative drugs has an insidious and rapid onset, can be life-threatening, and often results in the suspension of surgery. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are currently considered to be the most common cause of anaphylactic reactions among anesthetic drugs. With the increasing amount of anesthesia and surgery in the world, there are more and more NMBAs use, and the corresponding allergic risk is also increasing. With the use of NMBAs, their antagonists, such as neostigmine and sugammadex, are often used too, which have more and more allergy reports in clinical practice. Due to the complex mechanism of allergy caused by NMBAs and their antagonists, it is difficult to find out the culprit drug. The cross-reactivity between NMBAs is common, so it is often difficult to choose alternative drugs. This article summarized the epidemiology, pathological mechanisms, diagnostic methods and procedures, immediate treatment, and prevention strategies of anaphylaxis caused by these drugs.围手术期药物严重过敏反应起病隐匿而迅速，可以危及生命，常使得手术被迫终止。目前认为，围手术期麻醉药物中引起严重过敏反应最常见的是神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBAs）。随着麻醉学和外科医学的进步，全球麻醉及手术量越来越大，NMBAs使用机会越来越多，相应的超敏反应发生风险也随之越来越高。临床使用NMBAs的同时，也常会用到其拮抗剂，如新斯的明和舒更葡糖，这些药物在临床上也有越来越多的过敏报道。由于NMBAs及其拮抗剂引起过敏的机制复杂，不易确诊，且NMBAs之间交叉反应性强，因此，常难以选择替代药物。本文阐述了这些药物引起严重过敏反应的流行病学、病理机制、诊断方法与流程、急性期治疗以及预防方案的相关新近研究进展。.

We investigated the autotoxicity of Lanzhou lily rhizosphere soil with different cultivation years. The allelochemicals in such soils were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on our earlier studies, the antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate were found in lily sick soil were used in pot experiments determine to their autotoxic effects on the Lanzhou lily seedlings growth, photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in seedling leaves. The content of antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate was determined by GC-MS in rhizosphere soil of different cultivation years. The aqueous extracts of Lanzhou lily rhizosphere soil promoted the growth of its own seedlings at 0.2 mg·mL-1, however, the concentrations > 2 mg·mL-1 were inhibitory. The longer the cultivation period (1-yr, 2-yr and 4-yr), the stronger were the inhibitory effects. In rhizosphere soils of 1-yr, 2-yr and 4-yr ; 8,: 15 and 18 compounds were identified, respectively. The identified compounds were camphor, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, 2,4-bis(1,1- dimethylethyl)-phenol, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalater and these are reported as allelochemicals. The pot experiment results showed that low concentrations of antioxidant 2246 stimulated the seedling growth but high concentrations were inhibitory, while all concentrations of dioctyl terephthalater inhibited the seedling growth. At 100 mg·mL-1, the antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves (P

N-(2-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide is an organic intermediate with borate and sulfonamide groups, which can be synthesized through nucleophilic reaction and amidation reaction. In this article, we characterized the structure of the title compound by 1H NMR, IR, MS and 13C NMR, and measured the single crystal of the title compound by X-ray diffraction for crystallographic and conformational analysis. Comparing the actual value obtained with the calculated value obtained using density functional theory (DFT) shows that the crystal structure obtained by the two methods is consistent. On this basis, DFT was used to study the molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals of the title compound to further clarify certain physical and chemical properties of the compound.

前庭系统不仅在维持躯体平衡方面发挥重要作用，也参与认知功能。前庭功能障碍患者的认知受损主要体现在视觉空间认知能力和非视觉空间认知能力，其中儿童群体认知受损主要体现在执行功能及日常学习表现。目前关于两者关系的机制尚不明确，多认为与前庭信息参与更高级的皮层区域投射有关。临床常见前庭疾病，如前庭性偏头痛、双侧前庭病等也可能对患者的认知功能产生影响。此外，听力损失、焦虑等情感反应可能参与介导前庭功能与认知的关系。本文围绕前庭功能与认知的关系，从影响维度、机制、常见前庭疾病与认知的关系及前庭功能与其他可能导致认知下降因素的关系等方面进行综述，从而为前庭功能患者的认知管理提供参考。.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds great promise as atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor for future electronics and opto-electronics. In this report, we study the magnetoresistance (MR) of MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) with graphene insertion layer at the contact interface. Owing to the unique device structure and high-quality contact interface, a gate-tunable linear MR up to 67% is observed at 2 K. By comparing with the MRs of graphene FETs and MoS2 FETs with conventional metal contact, it is found that this unusual MR is most likely to be originated from the contact interfaces between graphene and MoS2, and can be explained by the classical linear MR model caused by spatial fluctuation of carrier mobility. Our study demonstrates large MR responses in MoS2-based systems through heterojunction design, shedding lights for the future magneto-electronics and van der Waals heterostructures.

Spin relaxation, affected by interfacial effects, is a critical process for electrical spin injection and transport in semiconductor-based spintronics. In this work, the electrical spin injection into n-GaN via n-GaN/MgO/Co tunnel barrier was realized, and the interface-related spin relaxation was investigated by both electrical Hanle effect measurement and time-resolved Kerr rotation (TRKR) spectrum. It was found that the spin relaxation caused by interfacial random magnetostatic field was nearly equal to the intrinsic contributions at low temperature (less than 80 K) and could be suppressed by smoother n-GaN/Co interface. When the interfacial random magnetostatic field was suppressed, the spin relaxation time extracted from the electrical injection process was still shorter than that in bulk conduction band, which was attributed to Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) induced by the interface band bending in the depletion region. Due to thermal activation, luckily, the spin relaxation induced by the interfacial Rashba SOC was suppressed at temperatures higher than 50 K. These results illustrate that (1) spin relaxation time could be as long as 300 ps for GaN and (2) the influences of interfacial effects could be engineered to further prolong spin relaxation time, both of which shed lights on GaN-based spintronic devices with direct and wide bandgap.

Different from other trauma, the scar and pigmentation formed after healing of burn wound not only hinder beauty but also easily lead to a series of sequential psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety. Music therapy, as a supplementary treatment, is widely used in many fields including medical and health care and psychological regulation. However, affected by factors such as medical resources, the awareness and acceptance of music therapy among burn treatment workers in China are still low. Based on the clinical characteristics of burns, this paper matches the applicability of music therapy with it, summarizes the supplementary application of music therapy in the field of burn treatment, expounds this natural science with both science and aesthetics, and puts forward feasible suggestions for its future development.异于其他外伤，烧伤创面愈合后所形成的瘢痕及色素沉着不仅有碍美观，而且极易引发抑郁、焦虑等一系列序贯性心理问题。音乐疗法，现今作为一种补充治疗方式被广泛应用于医疗卫生、心理调节等多个领域。然而受医疗资源等因素影响，目前我国烧伤救治工作者对音乐疗法的认知及接纳程度仍旧较低。本文基于烧伤的临床特点将音乐疗法的适用性与之匹配，总结音乐疗法在烧伤救治领域的补充应用，对这门兼具科学与美学的自然科学进行阐述，并对其未来发展提出可行性建议。.

This article reported the clinical diagnosis and treatment experience of two cases of fetal goiter in Graves' disease (GD) complicated with pregnancy. Two GD patients took antithyroid drugs regularly during pregnancy and their thyroid functions were well controlled, but the levels of thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) of the two cases were still above the upper limit in the second and third trimester. Two fetuses had fetal goiter in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. After continuously controlling maternal thyroid function and closely monitoring fetal ultrasound, there was no aggravation of the fetal goiter, and the delivery went smoothly. One case had neonatal hyperthyroidism. It is suggested that although the thyroid function was well controlled during pregnancy in patients with GD, the high level of serum TRAb still needs to be alert to the occurrence of fetal goiter, and fetal ultrasound is the most direct non-invasive monitoring method.本文报道两例Graves病（GD）合并妊娠患者胎儿甲状腺肿的临床诊治经验。两例GD患者孕期规律服用抗甲亢药物，甲状腺功能控制良好，但至孕中晚期促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）仍高于参考值上限。两例胎儿孕中晚期出现胎儿甲状腺肿大。继续控制孕母甲状腺功能，严密监测胎儿超声，胎儿甲状腺肿均无加重，均顺利分娩，1例存在新生儿甲状腺功能亢进。提示GD合并妊娠患者孕期甲状腺功能虽然控制良好，但是血清TRAb高水平仍需警惕胎儿甲状腺肿的发生，胎儿超声是最直接的无创监测手段。.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference in phenotype recognition of PsA patients in two clinical scenarios, physical examination with and without ultrasound assessment. METHODS: PsA patients who visited the rheumatology and clinical immunology department of Peking University First Hospital between January 2010 and October 2020, with complete data of clinical and ultrasound assessment were enrolled. The phenotypes were first identified based on physical examination only, and then combined with enthesitis and dactylitis shown on power doppler and gray-scale ultrasound. The phenotype groupings without and with ultrasound assessment were presented with Wayne diagram. The distributions of different clinical phenotypes were compared by using χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test. The differences of clinical phenotypes with and without ultrasound assessment were compared by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: A total of 227 patients with PsA were enrolled with one or more clinical domains. Physical examination revealed that psoriasis was in 209 (92.1%, 209/227) patients, nail involvement in 98 (43.2%, 98/227) patients, peripheral arthritis in 219 (96.5%, 219/227) patients, axial involvement in 25 (11.0%, 25/227) patients, dactylitis in 80 (35.2%, 80/227) patients, and enthesitis in 18 (7.9%, 18/227) patients. Besides 18 patients with clinical enthesitis, ultrasound scan revealed acute enthesitis in 80 patients, with hypoechogenicity (55 cases), tendon thickening (62 cases), and presence of Doppler signals (48 cases). Similarly, dactylitis on ultrasound was found in 18 patients besides those patients with clinical dactylitis. Compared with the phenotypes recognized based on physical examination only, the additional ultrasound assessment revealed that the most common phenotypes, peripheral arthritis was significantly less frequently recognized (49.8% vs. 27.8%, P < 0.001), however on the other hand, the proportion of the patients with peripheral arthritis and enthesitis was significantly increased (4.4% vs. 18.1%, P < 0.001). The phenotype of peripheral arthritis combined with enthesitis, and dactylitis was also dramatically increased (1.8% vs. 17.6%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is a useful tool to identify enthesitis and dactylitis. With the aid of ultrasound assessment, rheumatologists can better identify the lesions of PsA, accurately identify the phenotypes, and further guide the subsequent treatment.