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The flow behavior of a TNM alloy was evaluated in the high-temperature compression tests. The constitutive models for the flow curves and dynamic recrystallization were constructed to predict stress-strain and microstructure variations. The flow behavior of a Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.2B alloy was studied by employing hot compression tests within a temperature range of 1000–1200°C and strain rates of 0.001–0.1 s-1. The flow stress of the alloy was gradually going down with temperature and strain rate decrease, and dynamic recrystallization was the main softening mechanism. The peak shape evolution indicated that recrystallization occurred preferentially at high temperatures and low strain rates. The constitutive model for the flow behavior of the alloy was constructed with the fifth-order polynomial fitting method. Additionally, simulation of the volume fraction and grain sizes in recrystallization was effected. All the models demonstrated a good fit with the experimental results.

In this study, the pressure drop obtained from physical experiments and theoretical approaches of a single horizontal wellbore is reviewed and a comprehensive wellbore pressure-drop model is derived for a multibranch well. We propose a new coupling model for fluid flow in multibranch wells and reservoirs. Based on this coupling model, we introduce a theoretical approach for the calculation of the pressure drop in a multibranch horizontal well with variable mass transfer. To facilitate the understanding of the physical model, the entire coupling model was divided into three parts: (1) the pressure-drop model of the wellbore, (2) the reservoir inflow model, and (3) the coupling model. By incorporating the acceleration, friction, mixing, confluence, and gravity pressure drops, a coupling model with a finite-conductivity multibranch horizontal well was developed. Newton-Raphson iterations and Visual Basic programming were employed to solve the coupling model and to obtain the pressure and the inflow rate of the wellbore. The wellbore pressure-drop model was verified by comparing it with different models for the same case study, which has been previously introduced in a different research work. Furthermore, the forecast and sensitivity analysis were conducted, and then the results are discussed. In the proposed new model, several factors are considered, including the wellbore structure, the wellbore completion method, the wellbore, and the fluids and formation properties. The presented approach can be used as a valuable tool to analyze the influence of the pressure drop on the productivity of complex-structured wells and vice versa, and to quantitatively investigate the various pressure drops in wellbores, including the friction, acceleration, mixing, confluence, and gravity pressure losses.

There is a growing interest in studying the distribution of certain labels in products of permutations since the work of Stanley addressing a conjecture of B\'{o}na. This paper is concerned with a problem in that direction. Let $D$ be a permutation on the set $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ and $E\subset [n]$. Suppose the maximum possible number of cycles uncontaminated by the $E$-labels in the product of $D$ and a cyclic permutation on $[n]$ is $\theta$ (depending on $D$ and $E$). We prove that for arbitrary $D$ and $E$ with few exceptions, the number of cyclic permutations $\gamma$ such that $D\circ \gamma$ has exactly $\theta-1$ $E$-label free cycles is at least $1/2$ that of $\gamma$ for $D\circ \gamma$ to have $\theta$ $E$-label free cycles, where $1/2$ is best possible. An even more general result is also conjectured., Comment: Comments are all welcome!

Mathematical models rooted in network representations are becoming increasingly more common for capturing a broad range of phenomena. Boolean networks (BNs) represent a mathematical abstraction suited for establishing general theory applicable to such systems. A key thread in BN research is developing theory that connects the structure of the network and the local rules to phase space properties or so-called structure-to-function theory. While most theory for BNs has been developed for the synchronous case, the focus of this work is on asynchronously updated BNs (ABNs) which are natural to consider from the point of view of applications to real systems where perfect synchrony is uncommon. A central question in this regard is sensitivity of dynamics of ABNs with respect to perturbations to the asynchronous update scheme. Macauley & Mortveit [Nonlinearity 22, 421–436 (2009)] showed that the periodic orbits are structurally invariant under toric equivalence of the update sequences. In this paper and under the same equivalence of the update scheme, the authors (i) extend that result to the entire phase space, (ii) establish a Lipschitz continuity result for sequences of maximal transient paths, and (iii) establish that within a toric equivalence class the maximal transient length may at most take on two distinct values. In addition, the proofs offer insight into the general asynchronous phase space of Boolean networks.

患儿 男，5月27日龄，因“腹泻、纳差1个月余，咳嗽4 d”入浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院，入院后查血钙3.09 mmol/L，经气管镜检查诊断卡氏肺孢子病。通过总结其临床及实验室特点，考虑非甲状旁腺激素依赖的高钙血症，排除肿瘤引起的高钙血症及新生儿甲状旁腺功能亢进、家族性低尿钙性高钙血症等先天性疾病，最后，通过肺泡灌洗液病原微生物高通量基因检测诊断卡氏肺孢子病，排除其他因素后，诊断为卡氏肺孢子病相关高钙血症。卡氏肺孢子病相关高钙血症虽十分罕见，儿科临床医师需充分认识其特点，在进行高钙血症的鉴别诊断时需考虑此类特殊感染，并结合临床病史及实验室检查综合评估。.

A sequential dynamical system (SDS) consists of a graph, a set of local functions and an update schedule. A linear sequential dynamical system is an SDS whose local functions are linear. In this paper, we derive an explicit closed formula for any linear SDS as a synchronous dynamical system. We also show constructively, that any synchronous linear system can be expressed as a linear SDS, i.e. it can be written as a product of linear local functions. Furthermore, we study the connection between linear SDS and the incidence algebras of partially ordered sets (posets). Specifically, we show that the Mobius function of any poset can be computed via an SDS, whose graph is induced by the Hasse diagram of the poset. Finally, we prove a cut theorem for the Mobius functions of posets with respect to certain chain decompositions.

In this paper, we first present a new bijection between RNA secondary structures and plane trees. Combined with the Schmitt-Waterman bijection between these objects, we then obtain a bijection on plane trees that relates the horizontal fiber decomposition associated to internal vertices to the degrees of odd-level vertices while the vertical path decomposition associated to leaves is related to the degrees of even-level vertices. To the best of our knowledge, only the former relation (i.e., horizontal vs odd-level) due to Deutsch is known. As a consequence, we obtain enumeration results for various classes of plane trees, e.g., refining the Narayana numbers and the enumeration involving young leaves due to Chen, Deutsch and Elizalde, and counting a newly introduced `vertical' version of $k$-ary trees. The enumeration results can be also formulated in terms of RNA secondary structures with certain parameterized features, which might have some biological significance.

Our present work showed that the expression of genes encoding PTOX (terminal oxidase of chlororespiration) and PGR5 (one essential component of cyclic electron transfer) were stimulated by red and blue light, but the stimulation under red light was soon reversed by subsequent far-red light. The expression levels of PTOX and PGR5 under simulated light quality conditions in line with maize–soybean relay strip intercropping (SRI) were obviously lower than those under simulated soybean monocropping (SM), since the lower red:far-red ratio under SRI. Measurements on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggested a decline of assimilatory power supply and a lower nonphotochemical quenching under SRI as compared to SM. In this case, weaker PGR-dependent cyclic electron transfer and chlororespiration under SRI, suggested by lower expression levels of PGR5 and PTOX, could be considered as means of reducing excitation energy dissipation to allocate more power toward CO2 assimilation.

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 208-week sequential therapy with telbivudine and entecavir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2a therapy. This was an open-label, randomized, controlled, "real-life" trial. HBeAg-positive CHB patients with serum HBV DNA ≥5.0 lg IU/mL and a

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microRNA-206 on the malignant progression of renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, whether microRNA-206 could regulate ZEB2 expression and the underlying mechanisms was also explored.Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine microRNA-206 level in 46 tumor tissue specimens and adjacent ones of RCC patients. Also, the relationship between microRNA-206 expression and clinical indicators of RCC was analyzed. The negative control (NC) and microRNA-206 mimics were transfected into RCC cell lines, and the transfection efficiency was verified by qRT-PCR. The effects of microRNA-206 on the proliferation and apoptosis of RCC cells were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, and flow cytometry assays. Finally, the regulation of microRNA-206 on the downstream gene ZEB2 was indicated by Western Blot and cell recovery experiments.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of microRNA-206 in tumor tissue samples of RCC patients was remarkably lower than that in adjacent normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant. Meanwhile, compared with patients with high expression of microRNA-206, the pathological stage of patients with low expression of microRNA-206 was higher, and the overall survival rate was lower. In the RCC cell lines (Caki-1 and Caki-2), the cell proliferation ability of the microRNA-206 overexpression group was remarkably weakened, while the cell apoptosis rate was oppositely enhanced when compared with the NC group. In addition, this study demonstrated that ZEB2 expression was remarkably increased in RCC cells as well as tissues and was negatively correlated with microRNA-206 expression. At the same time, microRNA-206 mimics was found remarkably reduced in the expression of proteins in ZEB2-related signaling pathway, including ZEB2, β-catenin, cyclinD1, c-Myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In the cell reverse experiment, the overexpression of ZEB2 was found to be able to counteract the impact of microRNA-206 mimics on RCC cell proliferation and apoptosis and thus, participated in the malignant progression of RCC.This study revealed that microRNA-206 was remarkably associated with the pathological stage and poor prognosis of RCC patients. In addition, microRNA-206 might inhibit the malignant progression of RCC by regulating the targeted ZEB2.

The radial velocity (RV) is a basic physical quantity which can be determined through Doppler shift of the spectrum of a star. The precision of RV measurement depends on the resolution of the spectrum we used and the accuracy of wavelength calibration. In this work, radial velocities of LAMOST-II medium resolution (R ~ 7500) spectra are measured for 1,594,956 spectra (each spectrum has two wavebands) through matching with templates. A set of RV standard stars are used to recalibrate the zero point of the measurement, and some reference sets with RVs derived from medium/high-resolution observations are used to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement. Comparing with reference sets, the accuracy of our measurement can get 0.0227 km s/1 with respect to radial velocities standard stars. The intrinsic precision is estimated with the multiple observations of single stars, which can achieve to 1.36 km s/1,1.08 km s/1, 0.91 km s/1 for the spectra at signal-to-noise levels of 10, 20, 50, respectively., published by ApJs. 13 pages, 13 figures

To investigate the biological function of microRNA-1179 (miRNA-1179) in regulating the proliferative and migratory abilities of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by targeting zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2).The miRNA-1179 level in 40 HCC tissues and matched normal tissues was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between the miRNA-1179 level and the clinical parameters of HCC patients was analyzed. The regulatory effects of miRNA-1179 on influencing proliferative and migratory abilities of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells were assessed. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the binding relationship between miRNA-1179 and ZEB2. Subsequently, the expression pattern and the biological function of ZEB2 in HCC were explored. The rescue experiments were finally carried out to uncover the role of the miRNA-1179/ZEB2 axis in regulating the progression of HCC.MiRNA-1179 was downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. HCC patients with low expression of miRNA-1179 had higher metastatic rates (lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis) and worse prognosis relative to those with low expression. The overexpression of miRNA-1179 attenuated the proliferative and migratory abilities of HCC cells. ZEB2 was confirmed to be the direct target of miRNA-1179 and its level was negatively regulated by miRNA-1179. ZEB2 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. The high expression of ZEB2 predicted a worse prognosis of HCC. The overexpression of ZEB2 reversed the inhibitory effects of miRNA-1179 on the proliferative and migratory abilities in HCC cells.MiRNA-1179 is closely related to lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis, and overall survival of HCC. It alleviates the malignant progression of HCC by downregulating ZEB2.

传统观念认为引导性组织再生术的适应证仅为局限狭窄的骨下袋缺损或下颌磨牙Ⅱ度根分叉病变，但是这部分病变类型在牙周病变类型中占比很小。本文报道1例下前牙连续水平骨吸收的重度牙周炎病例，通过下前牙牙周植骨术取得一定疗效，提示更多的病变类型可以通过牙周再生手术改善预后。.

患儿男，2岁6月龄，因"语言发育障碍"就诊。患儿主要表现为语言发育落后和认知理解能力差，无明显肌张力低下或喂养困难，无关节挛缩，全外显子测序发现患儿15号染色体上MAGEL2基因发生c.1640-1641delTT杂合变异，该变异类型未曾见报道，诊断Schaaf-Yang综合征。.

To evaluate the radiation dose and diagnostic image quality of low-dose computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinus in children, with acquisition at an ultra-low tube voltage (70 kVp) combined with the Flash technique.Eighty paediatric patients underwent CT of the paranasal sinus and were divided into two groups according to different protocols (group A: 80 kVp protocol with conventional spiral mode [n=40] and group B: 70 kVp protocol with Flash scan mode [n=40]). For each examination, the CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), and effective dose (ED) were estimated. The image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and overall subjective diagnostic image quality were also evaluated.For radiation dose, the CTDIvol (mGy), DLP (mGy·cm), and ED (mSv) values of the 70 kVp protocol were significantly lower than those of the 80 kVp protocol (CTDIvol: 1.57±0.009 versus 0.39±0.004 mGy, p0.001; DLP: 19.88±2.01 versus 6.31±0.52 mGy·cm, p0.001; ED: 0.079±0.016 versus 0.024±0.005 mSv, p0.001). Compared with those of the 80-kVp protocol, the image noise increased by 40.7% (p=0.113), the SNRWhen imaging the paranasal sinus in children, an ultra-low tube voltage (70 kVp) combined with the Flash CT technique can reduce the radiation dose significantly while maintaining diagnostic image quality with clinically acceptable image noise.

In this paper, we enumerate the pairs of permutations that are long cycles and whose product has a given cycle-type. Our main result is a simple relation concerning the desired numbers for a few close cycle-types. The relation refines a formula for the number of pairs of long cycles whose product has k cycles independently obtained by Zagier and Stanley relying on group characters, and was previously obtained by Feray and Vassilieva by counting some coloured permutations first and then relying on some algebraic computations in the ring of symmetric functions. Our approach is based on the plane permutation framework (Chen and Reidys, 2016) which is totally combinatorial.

《本草图经》是宋代的本草学著作之一，全书共收载药物814味。该书记载了大量的药材及产地信息，对药材的记录可分为正文和药图2部分。从药材产地与道地产地2个角度对正文和药图进行统计、比较和分析，正文中共有537个产地，其中具体产地约占3/4，泛指产地占1/4。道地产地有90个。正文中约80%的药材有产地记载。产地记载全面，而且其产地、道地产地与药图产地信息均表现出较高的一致性，具有较高的严谨性。药材产地的分布反映了北宋时期药材资源利用的格局，表现为中原文化区与边疆地区的药材资源利用的不均衡性，对现今中药资源的开发与利用具有一定的参考意义。药材资源的产地，尤其是道地产地的相关信息，也为中药资源的研究和利用提供了宝贵的历史经验。.

To understand the value of high frequency ultrasound in the clinical screening of parathyroid gland, and to summarize the intrinsic relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism and recurrent urinary calculi.98 cases of urinary calculi were randomly selected, and the patients were admitted to our hospital from March 2014 to August 2017. A total of 100 healthy subjects were selected as group B in the same period. High frequency color Doppler ultrasonography scan recorded the results.Among the subjects in group A, 67 (68.37%) showed parathyroid gland, 14 cases (14.29%) had tumor mass in the parathyroid system, 40 cases more than those in group B (40.00%) and 2 cases (2.00%), (p0.05). There were 10 cases (10.20%) of primary hyperparathyroidism in group A and no cases of primary hyperparathyroidism in group B (p0.05). The occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism was 26.92% (7/26) in the number of cases, with 3 and more cases of urinary calculi, which was higher than that in the first recurrent cases (3/72), (p0.005).One of the key causes of recurrent episodes of urinary calculi is primary hyperparathyroidism, which can be applied to high frequency ultrasonography to develop professional screening of parathyroid gland in cases of urinary calculi.

Our research studied the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG7 in esophageal cancer cells and tissues. The effect of lncRNA SNHG7 on proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells has been discussed.Si-SNHG7 was transfected into esophageal cancer cells, and qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of lncRNA SNHG7 in esophageal cancer cells and tissues. The effect of SNHG7 on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells was measured by CCK8 assay and plate cloning assay, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of SNHG7 on the cell cycle and apoptosis rate of esophageal cancer cells. Changes in expression of downstream protein p15 and p16 after si-SNHG7 intervention were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot.QRT-PCR showed that the expression of SNHG7 in esophageal cancer tissues and cells was significantly up-regulated. After the si-SNHG7 intervention, the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells was inhibited, the apoptosis rate increased, and the cell cycle was blocked in G1-G0 phase. QRT-PCR and Western blot showed that, after the si-SNHG7 intervention, the expression of p15 and p16 increased significantly.The expression of SNHG7 in the tissues and cells of esophageal cancer is significantly up-regulated. SNHG7 can partly promote the development of esophageal cancer by regulating the expression of p15 and p16.

To construct mesoporous nano-bioactive glass (MNBG) microspheres load-release minocycline as an antibacterial drug delivery system.Sol-gel method was used to synthesze MNBG microspheres as drug carrier. The MNBG consisted of SiO2, CaO, and P2O5. According to the content of silicon, MNBG microspheres were divided into four groups (60S, 70S, 80S and 90S). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface characteristic and particle size of MNBG; Nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiment was performed to calculate the MNBG's specific surface area and the pore sizes; The Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and the thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to calculate the loading efficiencies of minocycline hydrochloride; UV spectrophotometric was used to determine the cumulative release of minocycline from drug-loaded particles in PBS solution within 21 d. Agar diffusion test (ADT) was performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties on Enterococcus faecalis. The inhibition zone was observed and the diameter was measured.The MNBG microspheres had good dispersion, large surface area, and even particle size. The pore sizes ranged from 4.77 nm to 7.33 nm. The loading experiment results showed that the minocycline hydrochloride loading efficiency of MNBG was related to the pore size of the microspheres. Among 60S, 70S, 80S and 90S, 60S MNBG had the highest loading efficiency of 16.33% due to its high calcium content and large pore sizes. A slow minocycline release rate from MNBG particles in PBS solution until d 21 was observed. It was showed that a burst release of 28% of the total drug for the first 24 h. A cumulative release of 35% was found, and the final concentration of minocycline maintained at about 47 mg/L. ADT showed that mino-MNBG had inhibitory effect on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis. 1 g/L minocycline, 1 g/L mino-MNBG, and 0.1 g/L minocycline presented inhibition zone, however, PBS and 1 g/L MNBG didn't. The diameter of the inhibition zone of minocycline groups was significant larger than that of mino-MNBG group (P0.05), which was also significant larger than those of PBS and MNBG groups (P0.05). It showed that mino-MNBG drug delivery system had antibacterial properties on Enterococcus faecalis.The 60S MNBG that can effectively load and release minocycline may be an ideal drug carrier.

To compare the osteogenic effects of a nano-sized 58S bioactive glass (nano-58S BG) and a traditional 45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG) in penetrating parietal critical bone defects.Critical bone defect with 9 mm diameter was created in the parietal bone of New Zealand rabbits. The bone defects were then filled with either nano-58S BG, or 45S5 BG, or nothing but the newly-formed blood clot as the blank control at random. For histological observation, specimens were gained 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery, sectioned and stained by HE. The amount of collagen type I was observed with Picric-Sirius Red staining through polarimetry. To observe the new bone formation with fluorescence under the laser confocal microscope, we injected fluorescent markers 14, 28, and 42 days after the surgery. The markers were tetracycline hydrochloride, alizarin red and calcin individually in chronological order. Image J software was used to quantify the bone regeneration.HE staining showed that BG particulates were integrated with the surrounding tissue without any inflammatory cells infiltration 4 weeks after surgery. New bone regeneration was observed both from the border and in the center of the defects in both BG groups. No bone regeneration in defect center was observed in control group. At the end of 8 weeks, there was more bone regeneration in nano-58S group compared with 45S5 group and control group. The structure of the new bone in BG groups was hollow, which was similar to the natural normal parietal bone. No hollow structure was observed in the new bone of control group. Picric-sirius Red polarimetry showed that more amount of collagen type I was found in nano-58S group than in either 45S5 or control group. The fluorescent observation of the hard tissue slices at the end of 8 weeks showed statistically larger scope and faster new bone formation in nano-58S group with (29.4±4.48) μm thickness from 4-6 weeks and (35.3±3.74) μm from 6-8 weeks compared with 45S5 group [(13.43±3.44) μm and (17.64±4.13) μm] and control group [(5.88±2.92) μm and (6.07±3.02) μm, P0.01].Compared with the traditional 45S5 bioactive glass, 58S nano-sized bioactive glass showed better osteogenic effect in bone regeneration in parietal bones of rabbits.

The analysis of the dynamics on complex networks is closely connected to structural features of the networks. Features like, for instance, graph-cores and node degrees have been studied ubiquitously. Here we introduce the D-spectrum of a network, a novel new framework that is based on a collection of nested chains of subgraphs within the network. Graph-cores and node degrees are merely from two particular such chains of the D-spectrum. Each chain gives rise to a ranking of nodes and, for a fixed node, the collection of these ranks provides us with the D-spectrum of the node. Besides a node deletion algorithm, we discover a connection between the D-spectrum of a network and some fixed points of certain graph dynamical systems (MC systems) on the network. Using the D-spectrum we identify nodes of similar spreading power in the susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model on a collection of real world networks as a quick application. We then discuss our results and conclude that D-spectra represent a meaningful augmentation of graph-cores and node degrees., Comment: SOME UPDATE WITH A NEW TITLE. SI HAS NOT BEEN UPLOADED AS IT CONTAINS TOO MANY FIGURES WHICH ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME AS THE ONES IN v1 EXCEPT FOR SOME MINOR ADJUSTMENTS, AND IT IS SLOW TO UPLOAD HERE

Electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) is a novel technique that allows magnetic information determination down to the nanoscale. However, constrained by the predefined diffraction g ...

The substitution of AsO4-for-SO4 in natroalunite has been investigated as a potentially eco-friendly method for arsenic immobilization/stabilization. The maximum amount and the best filterability of the arsenic-free natroalunite can be gained at the condition of pH 3.00 and 200°C for 3 h. Then the arsenic was introduced into the structure of natroalunite to prepare the arsenical-natroalunite under the preferred conditions. For arsenic concentration ≤ 3500 mg/L, the pure phase of arsenical-natroalunite solid solution could be synthesized, and the maximum arsenate substitution observed in the natroalunite structure was ∼11% molar. For arsenic concentration = 4200 mg/L, the spheroidal amorphous aluminum arsenate phases were formed. Additionally, leaching tests demonstrated that the arsenic solubility of arsenical natroalunite remained stabilized at 0.1 to 0.8 mg/L in 20 weeks at pH 4–9. However, amorphous aluminum arsenate phases were not appropriate for long-term storage under the same conditions with arsen...

To study the alteration of CD8+ memory T cell subsets under different immune statuses during the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection.We analyzed Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection including 10 patients with Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) spontaneous seroconversion, 25 patients with Hepatitis B virus e Antigen (HBeAg) spontaneous seroconversion, 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 25 chronic HBV carriers. The CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were isolated, and flow cytometry was used to determine the percent change of CD8+ T memory cell subsets. ELISA was used to measure the levels of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion from CD8+ T cells.(1) The percentage of CD8+ TN cells in peripheral blood was lower in the HBsAg seroconversion group than in the HBeAg seroconversion group (p0.01), and higher in the CHB group and chronic HBV carrier group (p0.01, 0.01); (2) The percentage of CD8+ TEM-2 memory T cells in peripheral blood was higher in the HBsAg seroconversion group than the HBeAg seroconversion group (p0.05), CHB group, and chronic HBV carrier group (p0.01, 0.01); (3) The percentage of CD8+ TEM-1 and CD8+ TCM cells in peripheral blood was higher in the CHB group and HBV carrier group than the HBsAg seroconversion group and HBeAg group, but there were no significant differences between groups (p0.05); (4) IFN-γ production from CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood was higher in the HBsAg seroconversion group than the HBeAg seroconversion group (p0.05), CHB group, and chronic HBV carrier group (p0.05, 0.01).The consistent increase of CD8+ TEM-2 cell subsets may be an important cause of spontaneous clearance of HBV. The disorder of CD8+ memory T cell differentiation may be an important mechanism of chronic HBV infection.

High-k gate dielectric HfO2 thin films have been deposited on Si and quartz substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The structural characteristics, surface morphology, and optical properties of the HfO2/Si gate stacks at various post-annealing temperatures were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis spectroscopy), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). XRD measurement indicates that the 80 W-deposited HfO2 films demonstrate a polycrystalline structure. AFM measurements illustrate that the root mean square of the HfO2 thin films demonstrates an apparent increase with increasing the annealing temperature. Analysis from FTIR indicates that the Si–O–Si bonds vibration peak position shift toward lower wave numbers with increasing the annealing temperature. Combined with UV–Vis spectroscopy and SE measurements, it can be noted reduction in band gap with an increase in annealing temperature has been confirmed. Additionally, increase in refractive index (n) has been confirmed by SE.