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A new visible imaging system characterizing a flexible optical design and delivering high resolution frames is established on the HL-2A tokamak. It features a modular configuration, consisting of a front-end imaging lens, a set of bilateral telecentric relay lenses, and a camera. To avoid the effects of plasma radiation (x and gamma-rays) and magnetic field variation on the camera, it should be away from the coils. Therefore, the length of the relay lenses determines the total size of the imaging system. The main feature of this imaging system is to realize the variation of field of view (FOV) by interchanging the front-end prime lenses or by using a zoom lens directly rather than designing the optical system afresh, which lowers the cost drastically. The primary purpose of varying FOV is to enrich the versatility of this system, i.e., focusing on a narrow FOV such as gas puff imaging or a wide FOV such as the plasma cross sections. During the HL-2A experiments, this visible imaging system is used to provide high quality pictures of the plasma–wall interaction, divertor detachment, pellet injections, and so on. The frames confirmed that a strong radiation close to the X point is correlated with the completely detached inner target.

Mitigation of Edge localized mode(ELM) has been achieved with different external actuators such as lower hybrid wave (LHW), mixture supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI), and laser blow-off(LBO) impurity seeding on HL-2A. During these experiments, the pedestal turbulence enhancement is commonly observed, which is found closely related to ELM mitigation. The turbulence enhancement is caused by the externally driven the velocity shear rate without change of the turbulence correlation length, but correlated to its radial wavenumber spectral shift. A common plausible mechanism for the ELM mitigation with different external source input seems to be involved. A modified theoretical model based on the turbulence radial wavenumber spectral shift is used and successfully interprets the experimental observations. The simulation suggests that a critical growth rate of the most unstable mode, also identified by the experimental results, survives in the competition of the velocity shear rate, enhancing the turbulence intensity. An example of the LHW case is used and good agreements have been found between the experimental results and simulation results.

$Z_{\mathrm {eff}}$ is measured by two visible bremsstrahlung diagnostics on HL-2A tokamak, one of which uses a high spectral resolution spectrometer coupled with an electron multiplied CCD (temporal resolution of 100 Hz), and the other uses a filterscope system (temporal resolution of 1 MHz). The bremsstrahlung brightness measured by them coincides with each other very well. $\bar {Z}_{\mathbf {eff}}$ is systematically measured under different discharge conditions, such as divertor and limiter configurations, ohmic and auxiliary heating phases, before and after siliconization, and $L$ – $H$ transition. Under ohmic phase, $\bar {Z}_{\mathbf {eff}}$ is higher in the limiter configuration than that in the divertor configuration by a factor of ~1.5 under high-density regime. $\bar {Z}_{\mathbf {eff}}$ increases in all cases of auxiliary heating scenarios due to enhanced plasma–wall interaction, accompanied by influx increases of low ionization states of impurities such as C2+ and Fe1+ in plasma edge. Siliconization for wall conditioning is prominently effective in lowering the main impurity influxes in plasma edge and thus the impurity level, and a concentration of ~4% for carbon and ~0.2% for iron is roughly evaluated for a typical nonsiliconized plasma. A simple relationship that $Z_{\mathrm {eff}}$ is positively correlated with $\Phi _{\mathrm {in}}$ and $\tau _{\mathrm {p}}$ is verified from the L - and $H$ -mode features, where $\Phi _{\mathrm {in}}$ is the impurity influx and $\tau _{\mathrm {p}}$ the particle confinement time. A nearly constant $\bar {Z}_{\mathbf {eff}}$ evolution is observed during $L$ – $H$ and $H$ – $L$ transition and it seems that $\bar {Z}_{\mathbf {eff}}$ is insensitive to $L$ – $H$ and $H$ – $L$ transition under some $Z_{\mathrm {eff}}$ (0) threshold. The $Z_{\mathrm {eff}}$ profiles are flat/weakly hollow in plasma core region (rho $Z_{\mathrm {eff}}$ (0) and tend to be peaked when $Z_{\mathrm {eff}}$ (0) is larger than 3, which agrees with the neoclassical theory prediction.

患者男性，54岁，因“反复胸闷2个月余”入院。经胸超声心动图及左心声学造影提示右心房肿物伴局部浸润，心脏增强磁共振提示肿物增强扫描明显强化。在心腔内超声引导下行心肌活检术，组织病理及免疫组织化学确诊为心脏血管肉瘤。心腔内超声引导下心肌活检术诊断原发性心脏血管肉瘤，具有局部显像清晰、定位精确、并发症少的优点，为国内首次报道。.

In order to reconstruct the plasma current density, the Current Profile Fitting (CPF) code has been successfully developed on the HL-2A tokamak. A seven-channel motional Stark effect (MSE) ...

A branch of high-frequency Alfvénic modes is observed on the HL-2A tokamak. The electromagnetic mode can be driven unstably in the plasma with an off-axis neutral beam heating. Its mode frequency keeps almost unchanged or presents a slow-sweeping behavior, depending on the detail current evolution. The poloidal and toroidal mode numbers are m/n = 1/1. The mode has a quite short duration (≤20 ms) and usually appears 5–10 ms after the neutral beam being injected into the plasma. Hybrid simulations based on M3D-K have also been carried out. The result suggests that co-passing energetic particles are responsible for the mode excitation. The simulated mode structures are localized nearby location of minimum safety factor (q min) and agree with the structures obtained through tomography of soft x-ray arrays. Further, the modes are localized in the continuum gap and their frequencies increase with variation of q min in a wide range. Last but not least, the characteristic of unchanged frequency on experiment is also reproduced by the nonlinear simulation with a fixed safety factor. All those evidences indicate that the n = 1 high-frequency mode may belong to a reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode.

The wide-angle view imaging system, in terms of a tangential view diagnostic with field of view (FOV) of 56.8° and a downward-looking diagnostic from the top of the machine with FOV of 94.7°, has been newly constructed for the first plasma of the HL-2M tokamak achieved in December 2020. Its mission in this stage is to monitor the plasma evolution during its startup, sustainment, and disruption in the visible spectral range as well as the plasma–wall interaction. For the latter ultrawide view diagnostic, nearly three-quarters of the divertor region and half the area of the inner wall are in the view range. Both the diagnostics are characterized by a similar optical structure, i.e., the light emission from the plasma is collected by a front-end lens and transferred through an imaging fiber bundle to the camera. This optical structure is suitable for application in the complex tokamak environment mainly because the fiber bundle is flexible. Photos of glow discharges are acquired prior to the first plasma for testing the FOVs in the vacuum vessel. The spatial resolution is ∼ 4 m m for the tangential view diagnostic and ∼ 10 m m for the downward-looking diagnostic. The temporal resolutions, ranging from 90 to 360 Hz by changing the region of interest or binning acquisition mode of the color camera, are applied to record the plasma evolutions and/or dust creation events during the first plasma campaign.

HCV infection is of global concern with the characteristic of insidious onset. Laboratory testing stands indispensably for clinical diagnosis with antibody assay and nucleic acid testing the main methods being adopted. For early detection and diagnosis of HCV infection, it is important to choose the best detection method and diagnostic strategy. This paper reviews the HCV nucleic acid testing methods, as well as performance evaluation of reagents and current strategies.HCV感染呈全球流行，发病隐匿。实验室检测是临床诊断的主要依据，其检测方法主要为抗体检测和核酸检测。为实现对HCV感染的早发现、早诊断，选择最佳检测方法和诊断策略尤为重要。本文从HCV核酸检测方法，试剂的性能评价以及目前的HCV检测策略进行综述。.

近年研究表明，血糖波动与糖尿病心血管并发症密切相关，是糖尿病血糖管理的重要内容之一。随着穿戴式血压、心率监测设备的兴起，使研究者重新聚焦于糖尿病患者血压、心率变异度与心血管并发症的关系。此外，糖尿病患者通过改变生活方式减重过程中易出现体重反弹，其所导致的体重波动可能与糖尿病心血管并发症也有关系。.

A Fast Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic with eight radial channels has been implemented on a HuanLiu-2A (HL-2A) tokamak with a time resolution of up to 10 kHz monitoring helium II spectra or 1 kHz monitoring carbon VI spectra. The crucial aspects of the fast CXRS are to improve the spectral intensity and the acquisition frequency. The spectral intensity has been greatly enhanced by customized fiber bundles. The main boost in optimizing the acquisition frequency is achieved by binning more pixel rows of the charge coupled device (CCD) representing one radial channel and by reducing the effective image area of the CCD. Consequently, the sawtooth oscillations of ion temperature and rotation velocity are continuously observed for the first time in the HL-2A tokamak.

AIM To assess the effect of antibiotics administered in feed on the resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli in the chicken intestine. METHOD AND RESULTS Chickens were administered amoxicillin, chlortetracycline and florfenicol in feed and 203 intestinal E. coli were examined for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents and for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) using PCR. DNA was extracted from chicken stool samples in 15, 20, 30 and 40 day old chickens. We found that while antibiotic resistance rates increased with time, the relative gene abundance of tet(W), tet(A), cmlA, cfr and sul1 decreased. In contrast, the relative abundance of gene blaTEM and mcr-1 increased over the experimental period. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that sul1 was correlated with tet(W) (R = 0·630, P

In this paper, a new method of determining boiler soot-blowing steam flow rate was proposed. By this method, three tests of unaccounted-for leakage rate of the unit thermal system should be conducted without soot blowing, and the unaccounted-for leakage ratio difference between arbitrary two tests should be within 0.10%. The average value of three unaccounted-for leakage flow rate test results was used as the final result of unit unaccounted-for leakage flow to determine the flow rate of soot-blowing steam. During the test period of power output and heat rate, the calculation of soot blowing steam flow rate took account of the result of unaccounted-for leakage tests and the water level change of condenser hot well, deaerator and boiler drum.

Based on the general machining center, a high-efficiency, mass-produced micro-turbine processing technology and a process scheme for improving metal removal rate are proposed to improve and optimize the metal removal rate of micro-machining. Taking the two-stage axial micro turbine air motor as the research object, the machining route of clamping the nozzle rotor is developed, and the metal removal rates of the turbine with the expandable surface when using the rounded end mill and the ball end mill are compared by the single factor analysis method. In the three processes of rough milling blade passage, finish milling blade and finish milling wheel hub, the metal removal rate of the rounded end mill is 2.96 times, 10 times and 2 times higher than the ball end mill, respectively. The Swarf finishing strategy of Powermill software is used to processing the side and bottom of the blade both roughly and accurately, and the suitable cutting parameters and side edge machining parameters are obtained. The surface roughness Ra of the side and bottom surfaces of the blade is tested to be 0.4-0.8μm using a surface roughness measuring instrument SJ-410. With the trigger type probe of the model Omp60, the dimensional tolerance of the blade is within 0.015 mm, and the coaxiality is from 0.002 to 0.003mm. The two-stage axial-type micro turbine air motor is assembled by the hot-packing method, and the torque and rotor speed are tested by a special platform. The results show that when the compressed air inlet pressure is 300KPa, the designed maximum speed of 100000rpm is satisfied, which meets the design requirement of the turbine motor and verifies that the numerical control machining process plan is feasible. Besides, the side edge machining of the blade using the cylindrical milling cutter is efficient to improve the metal removal rate. It also lays a foundation for the mass production of the two-stage axial-type micro turbine air motor.

To establish a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using high-fat diet, and to dynamically observe the influence of the changes in gut microbiota on the development and progression of NAFLD in rats during and after modeling.Sprague-Dawley rats were given high-fat diet to establish the model of NAFLD, and these rats were randomly divided into high-fat group, antibiotic pretreatment group, antibiotic treatment group, restricted diet group, and control group. The rats were sacrificed in different feeding periods, and 16sRNA fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to analyze the changes in ileocecal microbiota in rats. The liver pathological scores were determined, and enzymatic colorimetry was used to measure blood lipid level in serum and liver homogenate. The sample mean t-test was used for comparison between groups.Compared with the high-fat group, the restricted diet group showed the most significant improvements in quality of life and biochemical parameters. In the restricted diet group, the number of probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) at the end of the ileum gradually increased and tended to increase over the time of intervention, and the most significant difference between this group and the high-fat group occurred at the 10th week (Bifidobacterium: 0.91±0.23 vs 0.28±0.12, P0.05; Lactobacillus: 0.78±0.04 vs 0.21±0.03, P0.05), while the number of enterococci decreased. There were no significant differences in enteric bacilli between groups (all P0.05). At the 10th week, the liver pathological scores in the control group, antibiotic treatment group, and restricted diet group were 1.13±1.74, 4.86±0.86, and 2.94±1.91, respectively, significantly lower than 7.09±2.03 in the high fat group (all P0.05).Diet structure change and antibiotic intervention can adjust gut microecology, alleviate the lesions of NAFLD, and thus provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD from the perspective of microecology.

A 7-channel motional Stark effect diagnostic based on dual photo-elastic modulators is installed and operated routinely for rather low beam energy and magnetic field on the HL-2A tokamak, with a spatial resolution of ∼3 cm and a temporal resolution of 10 ms. The instrument observes the σ component of the full energy Dα from the first or the fourth ion source of a neutral beam injector. However, the change in beam energy during a discharge causes variation of the Doppler shift with the maximum of 1 A, which leads to the polarization fraction drop from 30%-40% to 10% and then makes the signal-to-noise ratio of the system become very poor. Therefore, a real-time wavelength matching system is designed to promote polarization fraction. The beam emission spectra are filtered by using a monochrometer in real time. And a narrowband filter is tilted by using an absolutely calibrated rotator through beam energy in order to make sure that the deviation of wavelength matching is less than 0.1 A.

We have evaluated a 3 2/12 year old girl who presented with unilateral blepharophimosis, ptosis of the eyelid, and mental retardation. Additional dysmorphic features include microcephaly, high, narrow forehead, short stubby fingers, and adduction of the right first toe. Cytogenetic analysis showed an unbalanced karyotype consisting of 46,XX,add(7)(q+) that was de novo in origin. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using microdissected library probe pools from chromosomes 1,2,3,7, and 3q26-qter showed that the additional material on 7q was derived from the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 3. Our results indicate that the patient had an unbalanced translocation, 46,XX,der(7)t(3;7)(q26-qter;q+) which resulted in trisomy for distal 3q. All currently reported cases of BPES (blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome) with associated cytogenetic abnormalities show interstitial deletions or balanced translocations involving 3q22-q23 or 3p25.3. Our patient shares similar features to BPES, except for the unilateral ptosis and absence of epicanthus inversus. It is possible that our patient has a contiguous gene defect including at least one locus for a type of blepharophimosis, further suggesting that multiple loci exist for eyelid development.

Aim High-risk patients with Stage II colon cancer may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, but it is difficult to identify such a patient group. A robust and reproducible index would be helpful to select the subset of Stage II colon cancer patients at high risk. This study investigated the potential prognostic significance of tumour budding in Stage II colon cancer. Method In all, 135 Stage II colon cancer patients with known outcome were identified. The degree of tumour budding was assessed by two individual observers and was classified, according to the number of tumour buds in the area with the greatest budding intensity on haematoxylin and eosin slides, as high-grade budding (10 or more tumour buds) and low-grade budding (0–9 buds). Inter-observer agreement for two observers was assessed by using the kappa test. Progression-free and cancer-specific survivals were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. Results The 5-year progression-free survival rates for patients with high-grade tumour budding (n = 36) and those with low-grade budding (n = 99) were 57.6% and 89.0% (P

SUMMARYIn order to investigate the dynamics of Septin4 (Sept4) expression and its function in the formation of fibrotic livers in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum, we constructed the mouse model of S. japonicum egg-induced liver fibrosis for 24 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Sept4 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). We found Sept4 localized in the perisinusoidal space where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) distribute in the periphery of circumoval granulomas and the portal venule. The expression of Sept4 and α-SMA had a similar significant tendency of an up-regulation to a peak at 12 weeks post-infection (p.i.) followed by a down-regulation. At 24 weeks p.i. both were at a low level. These results suggest that Sept4 and α-SMA may interact together in HSCs. Based on this evidence, we hypothesize that Sept4 seems to be involved in the formation of inflammatory granulomata and subsequent liver fibrosis by regulating HSCs activation.

Background: The association between antidiabetic medications and the prognosis of human prostate cancer has not been explored. This study examined the impact of these drugs on the outcomes of diabetic patients with prostate cancer to provide a basis for diabetes management strategy in these patients. Patients and methods: Records of consecutive prostate cancer patients with coexisting diabetes mellitus type 2 who were treated at the study institution between 15 July 1999 and 31 December 2008 were reviewed. The survival, cancer pathological grade, stage at the time of diagnosis, and antidiabetic pharmacotherapy of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 233 consecutive cases were analyzed. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, thiazolidinedione (log-rank, P = 0.005) and metformin (log-rank, P = 0.035) usage were significant predictors of improved overall survival, while insulin and insulin secretagogue usage were not significant predictors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that thiazolidinedione {hazard ratio [HR] = 0.454 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.213–0.965], P = 0.040} and metformin [HR = 0.550 (95% CI 0.315–0.960), P = 0.035] usage remained as significant predictors of favorable survival after controlling for variables including age, race, Gleason grade, and stage. Conclusions: Thiazolidinediones and metformin appear to be associated with improved overall survival of diabetic prostate cancer patients. The choice of antidiabetic pharmacotherapy may influence overall survival of these patients.

The tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate in Beijing has been increasing since 2000. Migration was speculated to play an important role in promoting the growth of the epidemic. The identification of spatial clusters of TB can be a key indicator for targeting limited public health resources.Spatial modelling was applied to the 220 towns of Beijing and summarised for the 18 districts, which were combined into four functional areas in 2005 and 2006. Population density was combined with the numbers of TB cases, and TB incidence data was used to identify high rate clusters. A negative binomial regression model was used to confirm the association between TB and migration status in Beijing.There were 4584 TB cases among permanent residents and 2838 among migrants. TB cases and population were most densely grouped in four central districts. High-rate TB clusters in both permanent residents and migrants were detected in the 'New Districts for Urban Development' and Chaoyang District in 2005 and 2006. Migration and the population growth rate of new migrants are contributing to the TB increase in Beijing.The increasing migrant population has had a drastic influence on the spatial distribution of TB in Beijing. Spatial analysis could provide additional information in addition to common incidence plots.

The different N-doped ZnO thin films were grown by RF magnetron sputtering on the glass substrates by changing the ratio of O2 to N2.The XRD and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured. The results show that the intensity and positions of these PL peaks are changed with nitrogen content. There are two peaks at 374nm and 391nm under fluorescence spectrum when the ratio of Ar:O2:N2 is 15:7:8. The fluorescence peak located at 374nm has the characteristic of p-type ZnO films.© (2009) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The distribution of foraminifera in a borehole off High Island, Hong Kong was investigated to assist Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The results confirmed the existence of an upper and lower marine strata of the Holocene and the last interglacial age respectively, separated by an upper terrestrial stratum of the last glacial age. Diversity and abundance of foraminifera are greater in the upper marine stratum while foraminiferal tests in the lower marine stratum are usually reddish-brown in colour, which is explained by iron-staining during the last glacial low sea-level stand. The latter is underlain by a lower terrestrial stratum and residual soil. The presence of large foraminifera often with broken tests in the upper marine stratum is indicative of a subtropical high energy rocky shore environment during the Holocene period. Unlike previously studied sites in Hong Kong, the present borehole yielded abundant Amphistegina which reflected a sedimentary environment in close proximity to patcy coral reefs. Based on radiocarbon dates obtained elsewhere in Hong Kong, the lower marine stratum is last interstadial in age ranging from ca. 30,000–45,000 yr b.p. However, because of the high elevation of the stratum, palynological and oxygen-isotope evidence, the last interglacial age is considered to be more likely.

ZnO thin films were prepared by two methods .One was ion beam sputtering then annealing at 700°C in O 2 , another was RF magnetron sputtering then annealing at 600°C in O 2 . The structures, morphologies, and electrical resistivities of the ZnO films prepared by two methods were investigated and compared. The influences of two different methods on properties of ZnO thin film were studied by XRD, AFM and LCR HITESTER. Compared with RF magnetron sputtering, the ZnO films fabricated by ion beam sputtering deposition have disordered growth orientation, bigger surface roughness and higher electrical resistivity.

To identify whether DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) is the primary cellular target of salvicine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S cerevisiae) and the action mode of salvicine.The catalytic activity of Topo II was determined by Topo II mediated supercoiled pBR322 relaxation. The effects of salvicine on the growth of four strains of S cerevisiae were assessed by clone forming assay.Salvicine inhibited Topo II mediated supercoiled pBR322 relaxation in cell-free system. Cytotoxicities of salvicine to parent (JN394) and TOP1 deleted (JN394top1-) yeast cells were at the same level, suggesting Topo I might not be the cellular target of salvicine. Salvicine displayed high activity against JN394t2-1 cells at 25 degrees C, while no growth inhibition was observed at 30 degrees C in the concentration range of interest. Furthermore, JN394t2-5 cells which expressed top2-5 mutant allele were highly resistant to salvicine and etoposide (VP16).Topo II was the primary cellular target of salvicine in vivo and salvicine killed yeast cells mainly by trapping the DNA-Topo II cleavage complex. Salvicine and VP16 might share some similar action locus on Topo II.

In order to provide reference for controlling and monitoring the environmental contamination in the spacecraft, the species and amount of microbes, which adhere to the suspended particles with different size in a closed environment were detected.According to USA EPA IP-10, particles were continuously sampled by an impactor in a closed environment. The particles were divided into three grades by their aerodynamic diameters (AD): 100 micrometersor = AD10 micrometers, 10 micrometersor = AD2 micrometers and ADor = 2 micrometers. Clean outdoor air was collected as control by the same way. The collected particles were precisely weighed. The microbes that adhere to the particles were cultivated, counted and identified.By calculating total suspended particles (TSP) and inhalant particles (IP) of the closed environment, counting, clarifying and identifying the microbes, 6 kinds of bacteria, 2 genus of actinomyces and 6 kinds of fungi that adhere to the particles were detected.The particles in a closed environment may have some effect on human health and instruments.

A successful method for constructing human chromosome 8q24.1 band specific probe pool by microdissection and microcloning is described in this paper. The probe pool was proved to be band-specific by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Through Southern blot analysis, 34 single copy DNA segments were obtained and four of them were sequenced. It is possible to provide useful landmarks for constructing human chromosome 8q24.1 physical map and STSs map.

A simple technique for microdissection of specific region of human high resolution banded chromosome, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microcloning was successfully used to microdissect 4 chromosomal pieces from the distal one third from band 11.2 to the terminal of the short arm of Y chromosome where the testis determining factor is located; 3.6 x 10(4) clones were obtained after 30 cycles of PCR. We analysed 41 clones with insert. The size of insert ranges from 140 to 350 bp (average 250 bp). A Southern blot analysis was done for one of them, and a 2.5 kb Hind III fragment was detected.

A fast algorithm is presented for translating lambda expressions to combinator trees with BC-chains. The time complexity of this algorithm is O (n log n) in the worst case, where n is the length of an input expression. Furthermore it requires only O (n log n) working space. This result achieves a substantial improvement to the previously known algorithm having the quadratic complexity. The basic idea of the algorithm may be applied to practical processing systems, whether they use BC-chains or not.

Results 42 patients were diagnosed MAS with SOJIA from 159 SOJIA cases. The duration prior to MAS is 11 months. High fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction were in all cases. Bleeding was in 12. 45% has had CNS dysfunction. 24% were with ARDS. 2 suffered from renal damage. The lab.tests revealed elevated live enzymes and ferritin, decreased value of ESR, album, CBC and fibrinogen in all. Bone marrow examination supported the diagnosis with definite haemophagocytosis in 42 cases. Lymph node biopsy was done for one case and found out it was filled of activated macrophage. In the treatment, thirteen only received high dose steroids (four of thirteen died), twenty-one got high dose steroids plus cyclosporine (four died), five were steroids plus cyclosporine and etoposide (none died). The causes of death were ARDS and CNS involvement. Conclusion MAS is a rare and potentially fatal complication of SOJIA. Most of our patients were male. Bone marrow studies support the diagnosis. CNS involvement and ARDS are poor prognostic signs. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy is essential. from 15th Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PreS) Congress London, UK. 14–17 September 2008