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LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus) people, compared to their heterosexual and/or cisgender (non-transgender) counterparts, are more likely to be discriminated against based on their gender or sexual identities. Drawing on data from The OutLook Study in Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada this paper examines discrimination and social support among high school and post-secondary students, and how they are related to self-esteem. We found that transgender students in high school reported significantly higher levels of direct transphobia and of victimization compared to transgender post-secondary students. We found indirect homophobia and indirect transphobia had a significant adverse relationship to self-esteem. Further, social support from friends was related to higher self-esteem for cisgender LGBQ students, but not for transgender students. These findings have the potential to inform school-based policies and mental health interventions in support of improved wellbeing for LGBTQ+ students.

This qualitative study draws from 60 interviews with LGBTQ+ college students to highlight how a positive psychology framework illuminates aspects of LGBTQ+ student success. Utilizing the broaden-and-build theory and the concept of thriving, we found LGBTQ+ students experienced thriving through managing and experiencing support for multiple identities and LGBTQ+-specific connections, contributions, and curriculum. The article concludes with implications for student affairs practice and future research.

Institutional policies and student affairs services benefit lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans* and queer (LGBTQ+) students by offering affirming campus spaces and organizational markers that influence student success (Pitcher, Camacho, Renn, & Woodford, 2018). (See Tompkins, 2014 for explanation of the use of the term trans*.) Policies and student services provide necessary campus supports and buffers for students experiencing marginalization, including microaggressions such as hearing "that's so gay" or "no homo," that can negatively affect academic and social outcomes for LGBTQ+ students (Fine, 2012; Mathies, Coleman, McKie, Woodford, Courtice, Travers, & Renn, 2019; Winberg, Coleman, Woodford, McKie, Travers, & Renn, 2019; Woodford & Kulick, 2015). Previous research established that the availability of specialized services for LGBTQ+ students varies across institutional type (Nguyen, Brazelton, Renn, & Woodford, 2018); but studies have not considered how awareness and presence of antidiscrimination policies (e.g., sexual orientation and gender identity/expression) and LGBTQ+ specific housing policies vary across institutional type. In this study, we use over 900 survey responses from the 2013 National Study of LGBTQ+ Student Success to describe and explore students' awareness of institutional policies: LGBTQ+ housing/living spaces and antidiscrimination on the basis of gender identity/expression and sexual orientation. We compare students' awareness and their knowledge of the existence of these policies across institutional types and conclude with implications for practice, including the need for creating and enhancing awareness and future research.

Heterosexist phrases on college campuses can contribute to negative consequences among lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other sexual minority students (LGBQ+), however, their relationship to academic outcomes remains under-researched. This analysis investigates hearing the microaggressions "that's so gay" and "no homo" on academic engagement outcomes among a national sample of cisgender sexual minority college students (n = 574). The multivariable regression analysis suggest that increased exposure to hearing "that's so gay" and "no homo" were both significantly associated with worse academic outcomes in terms of developmental challenge (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Greater instances of hearing "no homo" was also associated with lower college GPA scores (p = 0.015). Strategies for educational institutions, faculty, and students to promote more accepting campus climates and alleviate the harmful effects of hearing these phrases are discussed.

We used quantitative data from the National Study of LGBTQ Student Success to investigate if participation in high-impact educational practices influenced lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ+) students' academic development. We also examined if these effects are mediated by perceptions of the campus environment. Our findings suggested that undergraduate research plays a role in LGBQ+ students' academic development, with instructor relations mediating the effect.

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) remain the group most affected by HIV in Canada. Travelling for sex and attendance at specific venues for sex [...]

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV-prevention tool for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), a group known to be disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. We [...]

The bullying of sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) is pervasive, with documented negative impacts on health. We explored the social ecology of bullying of SGMY, with a focus on religion as a source or context of bullying. Semistructured interviews with service providers, educators, and administrators in Toronto, Canada, who work with SGMY explored perspectives on the bullying of SGMY, focusing on religiously based bullying and strategies for intervention. Interviews (45-60 minutes) were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The data revealed religiously based homophobic discourse that permeates religious (places of worship, faith-based schools) and secular microsystems (public schools, families) across SGMY's social ecology. The language and ideology of "sin" and "conversion" were evidenced in direct religiously based bullying of SGMY in schools, and victimization in places of worship and family microsystems, as well as serving as a rationale for bullying and nonintervention by teachers, school staff, administrators, and family members. Multisectoral and multilevel influences of religiously based sexual prejudice on the bullying of SGMY suggest that existing individual-level and microsystem-level responses in schools should be augmented with institutional, policy, and legal interventions in SGMY's more distal social ecology in order to effectively prevent religiously based homophobic bullying.

Research indicates that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) college students face a hostile campus climate. Despite the hostile campus climate, many LGBTQ+ students persist. Understanding what helps students persist is important to student affairs professionals as they develop data-driven interventions to improve the experiences and outcomes among LGBTQ+ college students. Drawing on 60 interviews conducted as a part of the mixed-methods National Study of LGBTQ Student Success, using an organizational perspective, this qualitative investigation explores the ways in which LGBTQ+ college students draw support from policies, programs, and services. We find that LGBTQ+ resource centers and student organizations are important sources of support for this population. LGBTQ+ college students indicated that policies, including nondiscrimination policies, serve important symbolic functions. Finally, we find that LGBTQ+ students describe the campus climate in positive, neutral, and negative terms. We offer implications for practice, including the continued need for LGBTQ+ services, the ability for students to self-organize, the importance of affirming policies, and the importance of supportive college environments. We also describe implications for future research.

Two-year institutions educate a sizeable proportion of college students; however, many of these institutions lack the variety of student support resources available at four-year institutions. An extensive body of scholarship has documented the positive influence of student services resources for diverse student populations at two-year colleges; yet, few studies have examined resources for students marginalized on the basis of gender identity and/or sexual orientation. Utilizing concurrent, mixed-methods data from the National Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Student Success, guided by Bronfenbrenner's (1993) ecological systems theory, we examine the availability of LGBTQ+-specific resources and how they support student success. Specifically, utilizing data from 936 survey respondents, we compare the availability of LGBTQ+ resource centers, LGBTQ+ counseling services, LGBTQ+ career planning, and LGBTQ+ student organizations (Gay/Straight Alliance and LGBTQ+-student organizations) at two-year institutions to bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree-granting institutions. We also draw on 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with current or former community college students to explore the significance of the availability of identity-specific resources. The findings suggest that LGBTQ+-specific resources facilitated student-defined notions of academic and social success, yet a scarcity of such resources exists. We conclude with implications for practice and future research.

Little is known is about the impacts of covert and overt discrimination and the protective factors for depression and suicide among LGBTQ students. Using multivariable regression analyses of a national sample of cisgender lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer students and trans* students (n = 776), we examined the association between mental health and microaggressions, victimization, psychological resilience, pride, and outness. In models of all risk and protective factors, interpersonal microaggressions was a risk factor for depression and attempted suicide among cisgender LGBQ students and was also a risk factor among trans* students for depression. In all but 1 model, resilience was a protective factor. Resilience moderated the microaggressions-suicide relationship among cisgender LGBQ students, whereas pride moderated the victimization-depression relationship among trans* students.

Discrimination targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students on college campuses occurs. Bystander intervention is important in supporting targeted students and improving campus climate for LGBT students. Peer-familiarity context (i.e., who the bystander knows in the situation) can play a role in bystander intervention, but researchers have not explored the nature of bystander intervention in specific peer-familiarity contexts concerning LGBT discrimination. Using hypothetical vignettes, we examine heterosexual students' (n = 1616) intention to intervene across 4 peer-familiarity contexts, namely, when the bystander knows no one, only witnesses or targets, only perpetrator, or everyone. We explore the role of student inputs (sociodemographics, self-esteem, attitudes toward LGBT people and political ideology) and experiences (LGBT social contacts, LGBT and social justice course content, and perceived and experienced campus climate) on their intentions to intervene in these contexts. Multiple regression results suggest that across all peer-familiarity contexts, being older, having higher self-esteem, having LGBT friends, taking courses with social justice content, and affirming attitudes toward LGBT people were independently associated with higher intentions to intervene. Males were more likely than females to intervene when they knew no one, while females were more likely to intervene in all other contexts. Race/ethnicity, religious affiliation, witnessing heterosexist harassment, perceptions of campus climate for LGBT students, and student standing were significant in particular peer contexts. Recommendations to promote bystander intervention and future research are presented.

It is well-known that trans and non-binary individuals experience worse health outcomes due to experiences of violence and discrimination. For this reason, accessible healthcare for trans and non-binary people is crucial. There is a lack of Canadian literature on the experiences of non-binary people within the healthcare system. This study sought to understand barriers to healthcare among non-binary people living in a mid-sized urban/rural region of Canada. Interviews were conducted between November 2019 to March 2020 with 12 non-binary individuals assigned female at birth, living in Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada, as a part of a larger qualitative study exploring experiences within the community, healthcare and employment. Three broad themes were developed: erasure, barriers to access to healthcare, and assessing whether (or not) to come out. Sub-themes included institutional erasure, informational erasure, general healthcare barriers, medical transition healthcare barriers, anticipated discrimination, and assessing safety. Policy and institutional changes are needed to increase the safety and accessibility of healthcare services to non-binary individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterosexism on campus can create a chilly climate for sexual minority students. Research has documented the negative impacts of campus climate on sexual minority students' health; however, little research has examined the role of potential protective factors among this population. Drawing on data collected from self-identified sexual minority students as part of a larger campus climate study, we examine the relationship between heterosexism on campus (experiential and psychological) and mental health (depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse) and negative physical health symptoms. To explore potential protective factors, we investigate the role of individual-level (self-esteem and physical exercise) and interpersonal-level (LGB friends and instructor relations) variables on the climate-mental/physical health relationships. Our findings suggest that experiencing heterosexist harassment, but not perceived attitudes toward sexual minorities, is a risk factor for all 4 outcomes. Further, exercise moderated the impacts of heterosexist harassment on depression and anxiety, self-esteem and LGB friends moderated the impacts of heterosexist harassment on risk for alcohol abuse, and instructor relations moderated the relationship between heterosexist harassment and negative physical health symptoms. Practitioners and researchers should consider the specific buffering impacts of protective factors on health outcomes among sexual minority students.

This study reports results from a national Internet-based survey administered anonymously to a cross-section of social work faculty in the United States. Drawn from a sampling frame of 700 accredited or in candidacy schools, data were collected between November 2010 and March 2011. We investigate the role of sex, sexual orientation, race, religious affiliation and beliefs, religiosity, political ideology, sexism, and interest in sexuality/LGBTQ issues. Race, religiosity, political ideology, and sexism are associated with sexual prejudice, which was endorsed among a small percentage (14%) of the sample (n?=?303). Outcome scores were not statistically different based on the targets' sex. Strategies are recommended to reduce sexual prejudice among social work faculty and to increase institutional support for acceptance in the academy.

"That's so gay," a popular expression on campuses, is a sexual orientation microaggression that can contribute to a hostile environment for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students. Using data from a campus climate survey conducted at a large urban university, we investigated use of the phrase among heterosexual male undergraduates who are emerging adults (18-25 years). Multiple regression analysis suggested that saying the phrase is positively associated with hearing peers say it and with holding negative perceptions of feminine men, whereas having LGB acquaintances was negatively associated with use of this expression. We offer practice and policy recommendations for curbing its use, thereby enhancing campus climate.

Attention to same-sex marriage has increased in the past decade. This study examines the perceptions of same-sex marriage among social work faculty. Faculty play a critical role in preparing future social workers for competent, ethical practice--including advocacy for social policies inclusive of sexual minorities. The present study investigates endorsement of same-sex marriage among teaching faculty in U.S. and English-speaking Canadian MSW programs. Twelve factors were found to be significant in the bivariate analyses; however, only four retained significance in the multivariate analysis. Specifically, the multivariate analysis found "other race" and religiosity to be negatively associated with support for same-sex marriage, whereas acceptance of same-sex relationships and understanding gender-based oppression as the root cause of domestic and sexual violence were positively associated with same-sex marriage support. The results highlight the importance of social attitudes concerning same-sex relationships and gender-based oppression for endorsement of same-sex marriage. Implications for social work education and future research are discussed.

Objective: The investigators examined the health and well-being correlates of hearing the popular phrase "that's so gay" among gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) emerging adults. Participants: Participants were 114 self-identified GLB students aged 18 to 25 years. Methods: An online survey was distributed to students at a large public university in the Midwest during winter 2009. Results: Participants' social and physical well-being was negatively associated with hearing this phrase, specifically feeling isolated and experiencing physical health symptoms (ie, headaches, poor appetite, or eating problems). Conclusions: College professionals and student leaders must acknowledge that the phrase is a form of heterosexist harassment. As such, policies addressing diversity and harassment should address students' use of this phrase, aiming to reduce its use. Additionally, colleges and universities should develop practices that counteract poorer well-being associated with hearing the phrase. (Contains 1 table.)

This study identifies the predictors of U.S. heterosexual undergraduate and graduate college students' attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people as a group rather than toward individual identities. Findings suggest that affirming LGBT attitudes are most strongly associated with liberal political ideology and whether one believes in biological causation of transgender identity. Understanding sexual orientation as biological and having LGB friends, LGB immediate family members, and transgender friends are also important, but to a lesser degree. Age, gender, and select races/ethnicities and select religious affiliations are marginally associated with LGBT attitudes. These findings clarify areas to target for improvement in campus climate for LGBT persons, and implications for campus programs and research are discussed. (Contains 3 tables and 1 note.)

This article presents findings from the first national surveys of United States and English- speaking Canadian MSW social work faculty examining their support of curriculum content on sexual orientation and gender identity. Faculty in either country are generally supportive of including LGBT content but report significantly more support for content on LGBT populations as compared to the types of oppression experienced. Significant predictors of support for LGBT content include being female, younger, non-White/non-European, having positive LGBT social attitudes, and the availability of resources on transgender-related issues. The findings suggest that faculty development should address the social attitudes among faculty as well as integrate gender identity into diversity discourse in social work education. (Contains 2 footnotes and 4 tables.)