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In 1947, Travis Freeman Epes of Richmond, Virginia, called on Southern Baptists to fight the growing epidemic of juvenile delinquency. Others, like Winnifred Sullivan, have raised similar questions about religiously oriented prison programs, especially when sufficiently equal secular programs are not offered.[89] If Southern Baptists do not go as far as some evangelicals in seeking state authority to impose their views on others, their juvenile delinquency programs showed that they were willing to use the advantages their access to the courthouse created in their efforts to evangelize a beholden population. In that case, Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote that the practice was permitted because there was no direct evidence of coercion, and students were not "required or expected to participate."[87] The juvenile delinquency programs that Southern Baptists developed in the 1950s anticipated this by promoting cooperation between Southern Baptists and the courts to solve a perceived social problem. Nevertheless, Delamater viewed state programs as insufficient "in contrast to the spiritually motivated personalized services of the New Testament Church."[28] The Southern Baptists' primary goal was religious: Southern Baptists sought to achieve reform through salvation. [Extracted from the article]

The Americans Are Coming! Dreams of African American Liberation in Segregationist South Africa. By Robert Trent Vinson. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012. 236 pp. $32.95 (paper). Robert Trent Vinson undertook [...]

Citizens of a Christian Nation: Evangelical Missions and the Problem of Race in the Nineteenth Century. By Derek Chang. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010. 248 pp. $39.95 (cloth); $24.95 [...]

In Experiment 1, pigeons were autoshaped with two stimuli (a and b) in one context, X, and two further stimuli (c and d) in a second context, Y, that differed from the first in a number of visual characteristics. In the test phase subjects received presentations of stimuli a and d in context X and c and b in context Y. The response rate to the stimuli that were tested in the context in which they had been trained, a and c, was higher than that to the stimuli that were trained and tested in different contexts, b and d. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2 in which the contexts were differentiated by their odor. These results suggest that contextual cues can influence the retrieval of associative information.

By Mary Stanton. (Athens, Ga., and London: University of Georgia Press, c. 1998. Pp. xiv, 250. $24.95, ISBN 0-8203-2045-5.) On March 25, 1965, angry Klansmen murdered a Detroit housewife outside [...]

South African Blacks The Americans are Coming! Dreams of African American Liberation in Segregationist South Africa. Robert Trent Vinson. Athens: Ohio UP, 2012. 236 pp. $32.95. Vinson's "premise is that […]