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In the crystal structure of the title compound, C26H36N2O4, the tripodal molecule exists in a conformation in which the substituents attached to the central arene ring are arranged in an alternating order above and below the ring plane. The heterocyclic unit is inclined at an angle of 79.6 (1)° with respect to the plane of the benzene ring. In the crystal, the molecules are connected via N—H...O bonds, forming infinite supramolecular strands. Interstrand association involves weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions, with the pyridine ring acting as an acceptor in the latter case.

In the crystal of the title compound, C18H14O10·2H2O, the arene rings of the biphenyl moiety are tilted at an angle of 24.3 (1)°, while the planes passing through the carboxyl groups are rotated at angles of 8.6 (1) and 7.7 (1)° out of the plane of the benzene ring to which they are attached. The crystal structure is essentially stabilized by O—H...O bonds. Here, the carboxyl groups of neighbouring host molecules are connected by cyclic R22(8) synthons, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network. The water molecules in turn form helical supramolecular strands running in the direction of the crystallographic c-axis (chain-like water clusters). The second H atom of each water molecule provides a link to a methoxy O atom of the host molecule. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to quantify the contributions of the different intermolecular interactions, indicating that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...O/O...H (37.0%), H...H (26.3%), H...C/C...H (18.5%) and C...O/O...C (9.5%) interactions.

In the crystal structures of the formamide monosolvate (1a) and the n-propanol/H2O solvate/hydrate (1b) of the title compound, C38H50N4O3 (1), the tripodal host molecule adopts a conformation in which the substituents attached to the central benzene ring are arranged in an alternating order above and below the ring plane. As a result of the different nature of the involved guest species, the crystal components in 1a create a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture, while the crystal structure of 1b consists of two-dimensional supramolecular aggregates extending parallel to the crystallographic ab plane.

Various functional groups have been considered as acceptors for halogen bonds, but the oxime functionality has received very little attention in this context. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the hydrogen and halogen bond preferences observed in the crystal structures of 5-halogeno-1H-isatin-3-oximes. These molecules can be involved in various non-covalent interactions, and the competition between these interactions has a decisive influence on their self-organization. In particular, we were interested to see whether the crystal structures of 5-halogeno-1H-isatin-3-oximes, especially bromine- and iodine-substituted ones, are characterized by the presence of halogen bonds formed with the oxime functionality. The oxime group proved its ability to compete with the other strong donor and acceptor sites by participating in the formation of cyclic hydrogen-bonded heterosynthons oxime∙∙∙amide and Ooxime∙∙∙Br/I halogen bonds.

The complex of 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-tris[(4-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene with ammonium hexafluorophosphate, C39H42N6·NH4+·PF6−, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with two molecules of the receptor, two NH4+ and two PF6− ions in the asymmetric unit. In each of the complexes the ammonium ion resides in the cavity of the receptor molecule and is fixed in its position by three N—H...N bonds, while the remaining hydrogen atom of the cation acts as a bifurcated binding site for N—H...F bonding to the counter-anion. The crystal is composed of one-dimensional supramolecular aggregates extending along the a-axis direction.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C30H50N4O4, the two bis(hydroxyethyl)amino moieties and the 2,4-dimethylpyridinylamino unit of the molecule are located on one side of the central benzene ring, while the ethyl substituents are oriented in the opposite direction. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 73.6 (1)°. The conformation of the molecule is stabilized by intramolecular O—H...O (1.86–2.12 Å) and C—H...N (2.40, 2.54 Å) hydrogen bonds. Dimers of inversion-related molecules represent the basic supramolecular entities of the crystal structure. They are further connected via O—H...O hydrogen bonding into undulating layers extending parallel to the crystallographic bc plane. Interlayer interaction is accomplished by weak C—H...π contacts.

Abstract Among the 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzenes bearing pyrazolyl groups, the compounds with 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl moieties were found to be effective receptors for ammonium ions (NH4 +). The current study investigated the extent to which the incorporation of an additional alkyl group in the 4-position of the pyrazole ring affects the binding properties of the new compounds. 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations and investigations using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that this small structural variation leads to a significant increase in the binding strength towards NH4 + and also improves the binding preference for NH4 + over K+. In addition to the studies in solution, crystalline complexes of the new triethyl- and trimethylbenzene derivatives, bearing 3,4,5-trialkylpyrazolyl groups, with NH4 +PF6 − were obtained and analyzed in detail. It is noteworthy that two of the crystal structures discussed in this work are characterized by the presence of two types of ammonium complexes. Studies focusing on the development of new artificial ammonium receptors are motivated, among other things, by the need for more selective ammonium sensors than those based on the natural ionophore nonactin.

The crystal structures of the title compounds, methyl 3,5-dimethylbenzoate (C10H12O2; 1), 3,5-bis(bromomethyl)phenyl acetate (C10H10Br2O2; 2) and 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde (C8H6O3; 3) were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The crystals of 1 are composed of strands of C—H...O=C bonded molecules, which are further arranged into layers. As a result of the presence of two bromomethyl substituents in compound 2, molecular dimers formed by crystallographically non-equivalent molecules are connected to structurally different two-dimensional aggregates in which the bromine atoms participate in Br...Br bonds of type I and type II. In the case of compound 3, which possesses three donor/acceptor substituents, the molecular association in the crystal creates a close three-dimensional network comprising Caryl—H...Ohydroxy, Cformyl—H...Oformyl and O—H...Oformyl bonds.

A series of mono- and dicationic 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzenes containing pyridinium groups in combination with aminopyrimidine-/aminopyridine-based recognition units were synthesized and crystallographically studied. The combination of neutral and ionic building blocks represents a promising strategy for the development of effective and selective artificial receptors for anionic substrates. In the crystalline state, the investigated compounds show a tendency to bind the counterion PF6− in the cavity formed by the three functionalized side-arms. The intermolecular interactions with the PF6− ion comprise N-H∙∙∙F and C-H∙∙∙F bonds. Detailed analysis of various supramolecular motifs, including interactions with solvent molecules, provides deeper insights into the processes of molecular recognition. The information obtained is useful in the development of new receptor molecules for anions and in the selection of the most appropriate counterion.

In the title monohydrate compound, 1a, and the methanol solvate compound, 1b, the triethylbenzene derivative, C35H51N5O, has three functionalized side arms and three ethyl groups, the former being located on one side of the central benzene ring, while the latter are directed to the opposite side. Both the crystals are constructed of structurally similar dimers of 1:1 host–guest complexes held together by N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, and in 1a additionally by O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The structure of 1b contains additional highly disordered solvent molecules. Thus, the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] in PLATON was used to generate a modified data set, in which the contribution of the disordered molecules to the structure amplitudes is eliminated. These solvent molecules are not considered in the reported chemical formula.

In the title 1:1 co-crystal, [Cu(C24H24N8O6)]·C11H11N3O4, each of the crystal components forms undulating layers which stack alternately along the b-axis direction. Molecules of the CuII complex are connected via C—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the nitro and keto oxygen atoms, thus forming supramolecular networks. Molecules of the arylhydrazone component are linked by C—H...O interactions into zigzag strands showing no interstrand association.

The diphenylethyne unit of the title molecule, C24H24N2O6, deviates slightly from planarity. The l-alanine moieties adopt distorted helical conformations of opposite winding direction. Infinite ribbons of N—H...O=C-connected molecules represent the basic supramolecular entities of the crystal structure. These aggregates are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the oxygen atoms of the methyl carboxylate units. The crystal studied was refined as an inversion twin.

In dimethyl 5-iodoisophthalate, C10H9IO4, (I), the planes through the methyl carboxylate moieties are tilted with respect to the benzene ring, whereas the molecular framework of dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate, C12H10O4, (II), is perfectly planar. The crystal structure of (I) is stabilized by a three-dimensional supramolecular network comprising C—H...O=C hydrogen bonds, as well as I...O=C interactions. In the crystal of (II), the molecules are connected via C—Hethynyl...O=C hydrogen bonds to infinite strands. Moreover, π–π arene stacking interactions connect the molecular chains into two-dimensional supramolecular aggregates.

The syntheses and crystal structures of N-(7-bromomethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)acetamide dioxane hemisolvate, C11H10BrN3O·0.5C4H8O2, (I), and bis[N-(7-dibromomethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)acetamide] dioxane hemisolvate, 2C11H9Br2N3O·0.5C4H8O2, (II), are described. The molecules adopt a conformation with the N—H hydrogen pointing towards the lone electron pair of the adjacent naphthyridine N atom. The crystals of (I) are stabilized by a three-dimensional supramolecular network comprising N—H...N, C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as C—Br...π halogen bonds. The crystals of compound (II) are stabilized by a three-dimensional supramolecular network comprising N—H...N, C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as C—H...π contacts and C—Br...π halogen bonds. The structure of the substituent attached in the 7-position of the naphthyridine skeleton has a fundamental influence on the pattern of intermolecular noncovalent bonding. While the Br atom of (I) participates in weak C—Br...Oguest and C—Br...π contacts, the Br atoms of compound (II) are involved in host–host interactions via C—Br...O=C, C—Br...N and C—Br...π bonding.

In the title compounds, C10H8O2, (I), and C13H14O3, (II), the 2-acetyl-4-ethynylphenol unit displays a planar geometry, which is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond. The crystal structure of (I) is constructed of infinite strands, along [101], of C—H...O=C hydrogen-bonded molecules, which in turn are linked by C—H...π interactions. In the crystal of (II), which crystallized with three independent molecules per asymmetric unit, the non-polar parts of the molecules form hydrophobic layered domains, parallel to (10-1), which are separated by the polar groups. While the 2-acetylphenol part of the molecules are involved in O—H...O=C hydrogen bonding, the ternary OH groups creates a cyclic pattern of O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C9H6OS2, represents a new polymorph. The crystal structure was solved in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with one half of the molecule in the asymmetric unit. The thiophene rings are perfectly planar and twisted with respect to each other, showing the molecule to be in an S,O-trans/S,O-trans conformation. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds connect the molecules into layers extending parallel to the ab plane. The crystal structure also features π–π interactions.

In the title solvate, C44H26Cl4O2·3C6H15N, the asymmetric part of the unit cell comprises two halves of the diol molecules, 2,2′′-bis(2,7-dichloro-9-hydroxy-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl, and three molecules of triethylamine, i. e. the diol molecules are located on crystallographic symmetry centres. Two of the solvent molecules are disordered over two positions [occupancy ratios of 0.567 (3):0.433 (3) and 0.503 (3):0.497 (3)]. In the diol molecules, the outer rings of the 1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl elements are twisted with reference to their central arene ring and the mean planes of the fluorenyl moieties are inclined with respect to the terphenyl ring to which they are connected, the latter making dihedral angles of 82.05 (8) and 82.28 (8)°. The presence of two 9-fluoren-9-ol units attached at positions 2 and 2′′ of the terphenyl moiety induces a `folded' geometry which is stabilized by intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions, the latter formed between the fluorenyl units and the central ring of the terphenyl unit [centroid–centroid distances = 3.559 (1) and 3.562 (1) Å]. The crystal is composed of 1:2 complex units, in which the solvent molecules are associated with the diol molecules via O—H...N hydrogen bonds, while the remaining solvent molecule is linked to the host by a C—H...N hydrogen bond. The given pattern of intermolecular interactions results in formation of chain structures extending along [010].

The title compound, C11H11N3O4, crystallizes with three independent but conformationally similar molecules in the asymmetric unit. The plane through the pentane-2,4-dione moiety of the molecule is inclined at angles of 10.1 (1), 10.6 (1) and 17.4 (1)° with regard to the respective arene ring. In the crystal, the molecules are connected via Carene—H...Onitro and Carene—H...O=C interactions into supramolecular sheets. Molecules of consecutive sheets are linked by Cmethyl—H...O bonds.

In the title compound, C17H16O, the phenyl rings are twisted relative to each other at an angle of 85.9 (1)°. The crystal structure features weak C—H...π interactions, which connect the molecules into a three-dimensional supramolecular network.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C28H20Br2O, was solved in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The phenyl rings are nearly planar and inclined at angles of 67.7 (1), 68.8 (1), 79.3 (1) and 62.3 (1)° to the plane of the 2,5-dihydrofuran ring. The crystal structure features C—H...π and Br...Br interactions, which connect the molecules to a three-dimensional supramolecular network.

In the title compound, C14H12Br4N2, the molecule lies across an inversion center and hence the benzene rings are strictly coplanar. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...N and weak N—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (101). In addition, type II Br...Br interactions [3.625 (4) Å] complete a three-dimensional supramolecular network.

In the title compound, C30H20O2S2, the dihedral angles between the central azulene ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.039 Å) and the pendant benzene rings are 28.96 (7) and 55.15 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and their attached acetylsulfanyl groups are 59.60 (10) and 84.79 (10)°. The expected π–π stacking interactions are not observed in the crystal structure; instead, the packing features C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into C(12) [010] chains, which are supported by weak C—H...π contacts.

Lithiation and subsequent reaction with CO2 was applied to calix[4]arenes with different, equal or mixed, ether functions at the lower-rim site as well as tert-butylated or non-tert-butylated upper-rim positions. Whereas this reaction fails for symmetric calix[4]arene ethers with alkoxy residues greater than methoxy, the carboxylation of mixed methoxy-propoxy calixarene ethers is possible. In connection with this, several new monobridge-substituted calix[4]arenes were characterized with respect to their conformational behaviour in solution and the X-ray crystal structure of one key intermediate is taken into consideration.

The title compound, C20H19IS, features a 1,3-disubstituted azulene involving an ethynylene elongated 4-(tert-butylsulfanyl)phenyl sidearm and an iodine atom as the substituents. The azulene ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å) and subtends a dihedral angle of 35.7 (1)° with the benzene ring. As a result of the inherent dipole character of the azulene core, a supramolecular π–π dimer [separation between the centroids of the five- and seven-membered rings = 3.7632 (10) Å] with antiparallel orientated molecules can be observed in the crystal. The packing is consolidated by an unusual I...π(acetylene) contact [I...Cg = 3.34 Å, C—I...Cg = 173.3°], and a very weak C—H...π interaction is also found in the structure, with the azulene five-membered ring as the acceptor.

The title compound, C22H19NO4S, has an almost planar geometry supported by intramolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The thiophene ring is inclined to the azulene ring by 4.85 (16)°, while the ethoxycarbonyl groups are inclined to the azulene ring by 7.0 (2) and 5.7 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(12) ring motif. The dimers are linked via C—H...π interactions, forming sheets parallel to (10-1).

In the title compound, C36H24Br3N3O6·C7H8, the toluene solvent molecule is associated with the receptor molecule via C—H...π bonding. The planes of the phthalimido groups are inclined at 77.0 (1), 63.0 (1) and 77.8 (1)° with respect to the benzene ring. The molecular conformation is stabilized by C—H...O and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure features non-classical hydrogen bonds of the C—H...N, C—H...O and C—H...Br type, leading to a three-dimensional cross-linking of molecules. The pattern of non-covalent intermolecular bonding is completed by O...Br halogen bonds [3.306 (3) Å], which link the receptor molecules into infinite strands extending along the a-axis direction.

An improved crystal structure of the title compound, C6H6N2O3, is reported. The structure, previously solved [Li et al. (1987). Jiegou Huaxue (Chin. J. Struct. Chem.), 6, 20–24] in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 and refined to R = 0.067, has been solved in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm with data of enhanced quality, giving an improved structure (R = 0.0485). The molecule adopts a planar conformation with all atoms lying on a mirror plane. The crystal structure is composed of molecular sheets extending parallel to the ab plane and connected via C—H...O contacts involving ring H atoms and O atoms of the N-oxide and nitro groups, while van der Waals forces consolidate the stacking of the layers.

In the title compound, C18H14NO3+·Cl−·CH3CH2OH, the dihedral angle formed by the mean planes of the quinolinium and benzene rings is 3.4 (1)°, while the carboxy substituent is tilted at an angle of 4.8 (1)° with respect to the benzene ring. There is a short N—H...O contact in the cation. In the crystal, due to the planar molecular geometry, two-dimensional aggregates are formed parallel to (221) via C—H...O, C—H...Cl, O—H...Cl and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. Interlayer association is accomplished by O—Hethanol...Cl and O—H...Oethanol hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances vary from 3.6477 (12) to 3.8381 (11) Å]. A supramolecular three-dimensional architecture results from a stacked arrangement of layers comprising the ionic and hydrogen-bonded components.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C8H3BrN2, consists of two molecules. The crystal structure features undulating molecular sheets with the molecules linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds with one N atom acting as a bifurcated acceptor. N...Br interactions also occur [N...Br = 2.991 (3) and 3.099 (3) Å]. Interlayer association is accomplished by offset face-to-face arene interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.768 (4) Å].

In the title compound, C17H12N2O3, the mean planes of the benzene ring and the quinoline moiety are inclined to one another by 11.0 (1)°. The nitro substituent is twisted at an angle of 7.9 (2)° with respect to the attached benzene ring. Intramolecular O—H...N and C—H...N hydrogen bonds occur. The crystal is constructed of molecular stacks without involvement of π-stacking interactions, but showing interstack association via O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonding. Thus, the supramolecular architecture of the crystal results from stacked molecules stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the stacks.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C44H30O2, contains two independent molecules in which the terminal rings of the terphenyl element are inclined at angles of 36.3 (1) and 22.5 (1)° with respect to the central ring and the dihedral angles between the fluorenyl units are 72.3 (1) and 62.8 (1)°. In the crystal, pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into inversion dimers. The hydroxy H atoms not involved in these hydrogen bonds form O—H...π interactions in which the central terphenyl rings act as acceptors. Weak C—H...O contacts and π–π [centroid–centroid distance = 4.088 (2) Å] stacking interactions also occur. Taking into account directed non-covalent bonding between the molecules, the crystal is constructed of supramolecular strands extending along the a-axis direction.

In the title compound, C15H11N, the mean planes of the aromatic moieties are inclined to one another by 72.9 (1)°. The crystal is stabilized by π–π stacking interactions between the pyridine rings of inversion-related molecules, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.772 (2) Å. In addition, C—H...π contacts involving an α-C—H group of the pyridine ring and the nonsubstituted ring of the naphthalene unit are observed, giving rise to a herringbone-type supramolecular architecture of the naphthalene moiety being contained in the molecule.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C18H12O4·C2H6OS·2H2O, consists of four crystallographically independent molecules of 5-(naphthalen-1-yl)isophthalic acid, two dimethyl sulfoxide and four water molecules. The dihedral angles formed by the the planes of the aromatic fragments of the organic molecules range from 57.4 (1) to 59.1 (1)°. In the crystal, multiple O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the water molecules with the carbonyl and sulfoxide groups, giving rise to double ribbons along the b-axis direction.

Reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O or Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O with the bis(2-hydroxyphenylimine) ligands H2L1-H2L4 gave four Cu(II) complexes of composition [Cu2(L1)(NO3)2(H2O)]·MeOH, [Cu2(L2)2], [Cu2(L3)2] and [Cu2(L4)2]·2MeOH. Depending on the spacer unit, the structures are characterized by a dinuclear arrangement of Cu(II) within one ligand (H2L1), by a double-stranded [2+2] helical binding mode (H2L2 and H2L3) and a [2 + 2] metallomacrocycle formation (H2L4). In these complexes, the Cu(II) coordination geometries are quite different, varying between common square planar or square pyramidal arrangements, and rather rare pentagonal bipyramidal and tetrahedral geometries. In addition, solution studies of the complex formation using UV/Vis and ESI-MS as well as solvent extraction are reported.

The asymmetric unit of the title structure, C8H7NO4·2C3H7NO, contains one 2-aminoterephthalic acid and two N,N-dimethylformamide molecules. Strong O—H...O hydrogen bonds between the acidic carboxy H atoms of 2-aminoterephthalic acid and the O atoms of both solvent molecules form linear 1:2 complex units. One H atom of the amine group is involved in intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonding, whereas the second one takes part in an intermolecular N—H...O connection. Furthermore, the crystal is stabilized by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C24H26S2, consits of one half-molecule, which is located on a center of inversion. The two benzene rings are exactly coplanar while the tert-butyl group is oriented nearly perpendicular to the ring plane [C—S—C—C = −81.14 (11)°].

In the title compound, C14H8Br2N2O2, the molecular structure features intramolecular N—H...O [2.639 (2) Å and 130°] and N—H...Br [3.053 (2) Å and 114°] hydrogen bonding. Due to inversion symmetry, the asymmetric part of the unit cell consits of one half-molecule. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...O [2.955 (2) Å and 135°] hydrogen bonds occur. The structure also features C=O...π [3.228 (2) Å] and Br...Br [3.569 (1) Å] contacts.

There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H6F6O2, in which the azulene systems possess an almost planar geometry with maximum deviations of 0.0438 (15) and 0.0396 (14) Å. Besides intra- and intermolecular C—H...O and C—H...F interactions, the structure displays three F...F contacts [2.793 (2), 2.8820 (17) and 2.9181 (16) Å]. Furthermore, a characteristic azulene π-stacking is observed with an alternating sequence of electron-rich five-membered rings and electron-deficient seven-membered rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5413 (12), 3.6847 (12), 3.5790 (12) and 3.7718 (12) Å].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H12O, contains two molecules, in which the fused aromatic ring systems are almost planar [maximum deviations = 0.0529 (9) and 0.0256 (9) Å]. In the crystal, aromatic π–π stacking interactions (perpendicular distance of centroids of about 3.4 Å) and strong O—H...O hydrogen bonds result in a helical arrangement of pyrenyl dimers.

In the title compound, C55H69BrO4, the calixarene molecule displays a `partial cone' conformation bearing the lateral substituent in a sterically favorable equatorial arrangement between two syn-orientated arene units. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H...π contacts, involving one tert-butyl group, and π–stacking interactions of the lateral bromobenzene units [centroid–centroid distance = 3.706 (1) Å].

In the title compound (systematic name: 17-formyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxabicyclo[13.4.0]nonadeca-15,17,19-triene), C15H20O6, the 15-crown-5 ring adopts a twisted conformation. The formyl group is coplanar with the benzene ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H...O interactions involving the C=O group and ether O atoms as acceptors and methylene CH groups as donors.

The molecule of the title compound, C24H36N2O2S, displays a U-shaped conformation. The prominent intermolecular interactions are N—H...O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of dimers. Additional C—H...π contacts involving one of the methylene groups of the macrocycle and the naphthalene rings of a neighbouring molecule stabilize the packing structure. In the crystal structure, the cyclododecyl ring is disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are ca 0.86 and 0.14.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C12H12N2, the molecule is twisted around the central C—C bond, with a dihedral angle of 8.32 (5)° between the mean planes of the pyridyl rings. The crystal structure is stabilized by arene stacking interactions, with a distance of 3.81 (1) Å between the ring centroids.

In the title compound, C17H14O2, the COO group and the anthracene fragment form a dihedral angle of 76.00 (19)°. The torsion angle around the O—Csp3 bond of the ester group is 108.52 (18)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H...O interactions and edge-to-face arene interactions with C—H...(ring centroid) distances in the range 2.75–2.84 Å.

In the title compound, C48H64O4·0.5CH2Cl2, both crystallographically independent calixarene molecules display a partial cone conformation. Their crystal packing is stabilized by C—H...π contacts involving the methoxy groups. The solvent molecule is located interstitially between two calixarene units with C—H...Cl contacts to methoxy and tert-butyl groups. One tert-butyl residue of each calixarene molecule is disordered over two positions (occupancies 0.60/0.40 and 0.63/0.37), resulting in bond distances that deviate from ideal values. The tetramer calixarene molecules present models with approximate non-crystallographic Cs symmetry.