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Faggruppen for tilsetningsstoffer, aroma, matemballasje og kosmetikk, Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM), har fått i oppdrag av Mattilsynet å risikovurdere «andre stoffer», deriblant lecitin. Siden European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) nylig har publisert en omfattende risikovurdering av lecitin (EFSA, 2017) er VKMs uttalelse basert på denne vurderingen fra EFSA.

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet, NFSA), assessed the risk of daily intake of 300, 600 and 900 mg of curcumin in food supplements. For the risk characterisation, the value used for comparison with the estimated exposure are the ADI of 3 mg/kg bw per day, based on a multigeneration reproductive toxicity study in rats. VKM concludes that a daily intake of 300, 600 or 900 mg of curcumin in food supplements may represent a risk of adverse health effects in children (10 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of theNorwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of intake of 3100 mg pe day and 6200 mg per day of D-ribose in food supplements. In the risk characterization, the values used for comparison with the estimated exposure are 20 g per day (corresponding 286 mg/kg bw per day in a 70 kg adult) from the human studies and a NOAEL of 3.6 g/kg bw per day from the subchronic toxicity and embryotoxicity/teratogenicity studies in rats. VKM concludes that it is unlikely that daily doses of 3100 mg or 6200 mg D-ribose in food supplements causes adverse effects in children (10 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of intake of 1.5 mg/day of piperine ((E,E)-piperine) in food supplements. Piperine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which is the major pungent compound found in spices like black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and long peppers (Piper longum L.). Using the MOE approach, for a daily intake of 1.5 mg piperine from food supplements and a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw per day based on a 90-day toxicity study in rats, the MOE values are 145, 204 and 234 for children (10 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of lycopene in food supplements. For the risk characterisation, the value used for comparison with the estimated exposure is the ADI of 0.5 mg/kg bw per day established by EFSA. An ADI is set to cover the general population, including children. The ADI was used for comparison with the estimated exposure in the risk characterization. VKM concludes that it is unlikely that a daily dose of 10 mg lycopene from food supplements causes adverse health effects in children (10 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of intake of 3 g/day of inulin in food supplements. In the risk characterization, the intake of 5 g/day of inulin from agave and Jerusalem artichoke and 10 g/day of inulin from chicory root and globe artichoke (corresponding to 71 and 143 mg/kg bw per day, respectively, in a 70 kg adult) were chosen as the values for comparison. No specific studies on children (10 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of intake of 10 mg inositol per 100 ml energy drink. Inositol occurs naturally in all organisms including humans and is present in food. Among the nine possible stereoisomers of inositol, myo-inositol is the most abundant. Myo-inositol is naturally occurring in the body and is present in various types of food. The human study with the longest exposure at highest doses (3 months treatment at maximum tolerated dose) that was available for risk assessment was a clinical study of 40-74 year old smokers with bronchial dysplasia, from which a NOAEL of 18 g/day of myo-inositol was established (Lam et al., 2006). For all age groups, the MOE values estimated from this study were in the range of 857 to 2570 for mean chronic intake and in the range of 367 to 857 for high chronic intake of energy drinks, respectively, i.e. far above the acceptable MOE value of 30. In addition, for the high acute drinking pattern and for the mean chronic and the high chronic drinking patterns all estimated intakes of inositol from energy drinks containing 10 mg/100 ml were far below the endogenous production (57 mg/kg bw per day), and also below the dietary intake (7-14 mg/kg bw per day). VKM concludes that it is unlikely that the exposure to inositol from the high acute, the mean chronic and the high chronic drinking patterns causes adverse health effects in children (3 to < 10 years and 10 to < 14 years), adolescents (14 to < 18 years) and adults (≥18 years).

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA), assessed the risk of 1500 mg/day of L-carnitine and 2250 mg/day of L-carnitine-L-tartrate in food supplements. L-carnitine occurs naturally in foods and is endogenously synthesised. L-carnitine-L-tartrate is synthesised commercially, and it dissociates into L-carnitine and tartaric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the included literature there was no evidence indicating that age affects sensitivity towards L-carnitine, L-carnitine-L-tartrate or tartaric acid. Therefore, in this risk characterisation the same tolerance level as for adults was assumed for children and adolescents (adjusted for body weight). VKM concludes that a dose of 1500 mg of L-carnitine per day, which is equivalent to a dose of 2250 mg of L-carnitine-L-tartrate per day, is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in adolescents (14 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet, NFSA), assessed the risk of taurine in food supplements and energy drinks. Taurine is synthesised endogenously in the body and occurs naturally in foods. In this risk assessment, both data from human and animal studies were used.

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet; NFSA), assessed the risk of "other substances" in food supplements and energy drinks sold in Norway. VKM has assessed the risk of doses given by NFSA. These risk assessments will provide NFSA with the scientific basis while regulating the addition of “other substances” to food supplements and other foods. "Other substances" are described in the food supplement directive 2002/46/EC as substances other than vitamins or minerals that have a nutritional and/or physiological effect. It is added mainly to food supplements, but also to energy drinks and other foods. VKM has not in this series of risk assessments of "other substances" evaluated any claimed beneficial effects from these substances, only possible adverse effects.

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of 100 or 300 mg/day of caffeine in food supplements and in energy drinks containing 32 mg/100 ml. VKM concludes that: • It is unlikely that a dose of 100 mg of caffeine per day from food supplements causes adverse health effects in children (10 years and above), adolescents (14 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of intake of 100 mg/day of coenzyme Q10 in food supplements. For the risk characterization, the values used for comparison with the estimated exposure are 900 mg/day (corresponding to 12.9 mg/kg bw per day in a 70 kg adult) based on human studies (4 weeks) and the NOAEL of 1200 mg/kg bw per day based on a long-term toxicity study in rats (52 weeks). No specific studies on children (10 to

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM), Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids, Materials in Contact with Food and Cosmetics, has at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) conducted a risk assessment of the intense sweeteners aspartame, acesulfame K and sucralose and the preservative benzoic acid from soft drinks, “saft”, nectar and flavoured water. The risk assessment includes exposure assessments and the calculated exposures are compared to the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the respective sweeteners and benzoic acid. VKM was also requested to compare the current calculated intake of aspartame, acesulfame K and benzoic acid to the calculated intake reported by VKM in 2007 (from the VKM report «Impact on health when sugar is replaced with intense sweeteners in soft drinks, «saft» and nectar») (VKM, 2007).