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1. Estimating Likelihood of Dementia in the Absence of Diagnostic Data: A Latent Dementia Index in 10 Genetically Informed Studies

Author

Beam, Christopher R, Luczak, Susan E, Panizzon, Matthew S, Reynolds, Chandra A, Christensen, Kaare, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Elman, Jeremy A, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lee, Teresa, Nygaard, Marianne, Sachdev, Perminder S, Whitfield, Keith E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Gatz, Margaret, and Consortium, for the IGEMS

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Brain Disorders, Neurodegenerative, Clinical Research, Aging, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurological, Humans, Activities of Daily Living, Probability, genetic correlation, harmonization, latent index, twin study, IGEMS Consortium, quality of life, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological research on dementia is hampered by differences across studies in how dementia is classified, especially where clinical diagnoses of dementia may not be available.ObjectiveWe apply structural equation modeling to estimate dementia likelihood across heterogeneous samples within a multi-study consortium and use the twin design of the sample to validate the results.MethodsUsing 10 twin studies, we implement a latent variable approach that aligns different tests available in each study to assess cognitive, memory, and functional ability. The model separates general cognitive ability from components indicative of dementia. We examine the validity of this continuous latent dementia index (LDI). We then identify cut-off points along the LDI distributions in each study and align them across studies to distinguish individuals with and without probable dementia. Finally, we validate the LDI by determining its heritability and estimating genetic and environmental correlations between the LDI and clinically diagnosed dementia where available.ResultsResults indicate that coordinated estimation of LDI across 10 studies has validity against clinically diagnosed dementia. The LDI can be fit to heterogeneous sets of memory, other cognitive, and functional ability variables to extract a score reflective of likelihood of dementia that can be interpreted similarly across studies despite diverse study designs and sampling characteristics. Finally, the same genetic sources of variance strongly contribute to both the LDI and clinical diagnosis.ConclusionThis latent dementia indicator approach may serve as a model for other research consortia confronted with similar data integration challenges.

Published
2022

4. Remember this: Age moderation of genetic and environmental contributions to verbal episodic memory from midlife through late adulthood

Author

Luczak, Susan E., Beam, Christopher R., Pahlen, Shandell, Lynch, Morgan, Pilgrim, Matthew, Reynolds, Chandra A., Panizzon, Matthew S., Catts, Vibeke S., Christensen, Kaare, Finkel, Deborah, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lee, Teresa, McGue, Matt, Nygaard, Marianne, Plassman, Brenda L., Whitfield, Keith E., Pedersen, Nancy L., and Gatz, Margaret

Published
2023
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5. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Nutrition, Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Quality Education, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Background, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parenting, Parents, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Young Adult
Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

6. Intrahepatic cholestasis in sickle cell disease: A review of diagnostic criteria, treatments, and case reports

Author

Edwards, Christopher L., Scott, Sharena, Boggan, Michaela, Meek, Jordan, Alston, Kiera, Pearson, Aiden, McDougald, Alexandria, Broadnax, McKenzie, Wood, Mary, Barker, Camela S., Miller, Jessica, Whitworth, Elaine, James, Osaffo, Sollers III, John J., Bryson, W. Jeff, Thorpe, Roland, Byrd, Goldie, Whitfield, Keith E., Sudhakar, Shiv, Parker, Debra O., Livingston, Jonathan, Shah, Nirmish, and Railey, Kenyon

Published
2023
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7. Social support moderates association between area deprivation index and changes in physical health among adults in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging (BSBA).

Author

Allan, Alexa C., Gamaldo, Alyssa A., Wright, Regina S., Aiken-Morgan, Adrienne T., Lee, Anna K., Allaire, Jason C., Thorpe Jr., Roland J., and Whitfield, Keith E.

Subjects
PEARSON correlation (Statistics), HEALTH status indicators, AFRICAN Americans, INCOME, RESEARCH funding, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, SCIENTIFIC observation, SOCIOECONOMIC disparities in health, QUESTIONNAIRES, MULTIPLE regression analysis, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEART beat, EXPIRATORY flow, AGING, DIASTOLIC blood pressure, SOCIAL support, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, DATA analysis software, NEIGHBORHOOD characteristics, ACTIVITIES of daily living, COGNITIVE aging, EDUCATIONAL attainment, EMPLOYMENT, REGRESSION analysis, ADULTS
Abstract

Despite the association of neighborhood quality with poorer adult health, limited research has explored the association between neighborhood disadvantage, e.g. Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and older Black adults' health, prospectively. This observational study examined the association between ADI and changes in longitudinal physical health within older Black adults. The analytic sample (n = 317) included data from waves 1 & 2 of the Baltimore Study of Black Aging: Patterns of Cognitive Aging (BSBA-PCA). Study variables included the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), objective (e.g. average heart rate) and subjective (e.g. activities of daily living) measures of physical health. Multiple linear regression models were conducted controlling for sociodemographic and social support characteristics. Participants living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods, based on national and state ADIs, were more likely to have a decreasing heart rate even after adjusting for covariates. Likewise, participants reporting increasing levels of ADL difficulty were living in a neighborhood with greater disadvantage based on national and state ADI rankings. Significant social support received and ADI (national and state) interactions were observed for average heart rate. The findings suggest that research on the effect of neighborhood quality and social support can enhance our understanding of its impact on older Black adults' health prospectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Risk Factor Burden, Heart Failure, and Survival in Women of Different Ethnic Groups: Insights From the Women's Health Initiative.

Author

Breathett, Khadijah, Leng, Iris, Foraker, Randi E, Abraham, William T, Coker, Laura, Whitfield, Keith E, Shumaker, Sally, Manson, JoAnn E, Eaton, Charles B, Howard, Barbara V, Ijioma, Nkechinyere, Cené, Crystal W, Martin, Lisa W, Johnson, Karen C, and Klein, Liviu

Subjects
Humans, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Aged, Middle Aged, African Americans, Women's Health, Female, Heart Failure, Ethnicity, Racial Groups, ethnic groups, heart failure, risk factors, survival, women, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Prevention, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Medical Physiology
Abstract

BackgroundThe higher risk of heart failure (HF) in African-American and Hispanic women compared with white women is related to the higher burden of risk factors (RFs) in minorities. However, it is unclear if there are differences in the association between the number of RFs for HF and the risk of development of HF and death within racial/ethnic groups.Methods and resultsIn the WHI (Women's Health Initiative; 1993-2010), African-American (n=11 996), white (n=18 479), and Hispanic (n=5096) women with 1, 2, or 3+ baseline RFs were compared with women with 0 RF within their respective racial/ethnic groups to assess risk of developing HF or all-cause mortality before and after HF, using survival analyses. After adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, and hormone therapy, the subdistribution hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing HF increased as number of RFs increased (P

Published
2018

9. Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins: An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Latvala, Antti, Li, Weilong, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Rebato, Esther, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Hopper, John L., Tyler, Jessica, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Heikkilä, Kauko, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Rose, Richard J., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2021
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11. The Employer Potential of MOOCs: A Mixed-Methods Study of Human Resource Professionals' Thinking on MOOCs

Author

Radford, Alexandria Walton, Robles, Jessica, Cataylo, Stacey, Horn, Laura, Thornton, Jessica, and Whitfield, Keith E.

Abstract

While press coverage of MOOCs (massive open online courses) has been considerable and major MOOC providers are beginning to realize that employers may be a market for their courses, research on employers' receptivity to using MOOCs is scarce. To help fill this gap, the Finding and Developing Talent study surveyed 103 employers and interviewed a subset of 20 about their awareness of MOOCs and their receptivity to using MOOCs in recruiting, hiring, and professional development. Results showed that though awareness of MOOCs was relatively low (31% of the surveyed employers had heard of MOOCs), once they understood what they were, the employers perceived MOOCs positively in hiring decisions, viewing them mainly as indicating employees' personal attributes like motivation and a desire to learn. A majority of employers (59%) were also receptive to using MOOCs for recruiting purposes--especially for staff with technical skills in high demand. Yet an even higher percentage (83%) were using, considering using, or could see their organization using MOOCs for professional development. Interviews with employers suggested that obtaining evidence about the quality of MOOCs, including the long-term learning and work performance gains that employees accrue from taking them, would increase employers' use of MOOCs not just in professional development but also in recruiting and hiring.

Published
2014

16. Association between birth weight and educational attainment : an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harris, Jennifer R, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2018

17. BMI, physical activity, and breast cancer subtype in white, black, and Sea Island breast cancer survivors

Author

Ford, Marvella E., primary, Bauza, Colleen E., additional, Findlay, Victoria J., additional, Turner, David P., additional, Abraham, Latecia M., additional, Moore, Leslie A., additional, Magwood, Gayenell, additional, Alberg, Anthony J., additional, Gaymon, Kadeidre, additional, Knight, Kendrea D., additional, Hilton, Ebony, additional, Malek, Angela M., additional, Kramer, Rita M., additional, Peterson, Lindsay L., additional, Gregoski, Mathew J., additional, Bolick, Susan, additional, Hurley, Deborah, additional, Mosley, Catishia, additional, Hazelton, Tonya R., additional, Burshell, Dana R., additional, Nogueira, Lourdes, additional, Mack, Franshawn, additional, Brown, Erika T., additional, Salley, Judith D., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Esnaola, Nestor F., additional, and Cunningham, Joan E., additional

Published
2020
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20. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2017
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24. Fulfilling the Promise: Do MOOCS Reach the Educationally Underserved?

Author

Schmid, Lorrie, Manturuk, Kim, Simpkins, Ian, Goldwasser, Molly, and Whitfield, Keith E.

Abstract

When massive open online courses (MOOCs) began, they held the promise of bringing high-quality, college-level courses from leading academic institutions to people who otherwise would not have access to that type of content. In the ensuing years, it has become clear that the majority of MOOC students are not underserved in terms of educational opportunities; the typical MOOC learner already has a college degree. However, this does not mean that MOOCs are failing to fulfill the promise of democratization. Among the millions of learners who have taken Coursera MOOCs, there are some for whom this is their only way to access a rigorous, college-level course. In this analysis, we present descriptions of three learner populations for whom a MOOC offered an opportunity that they could not have had otherwise. These groups are (1) young people under the age of 18, (2) older adults over 65, and (3) people who reported that they did not have access to higher education opportunities. We compare the demographic characteristics, course attitudes and intentions, as well as qualitative learner feedback from each of these groups to the Coursera student body as a whole to understand the unique benefits that MOOCs bring to each of these underserved groups. We used data collected from 13 MOOCs offered by Duke University in the Fall 2014 semester. The data used in this analysis come from pre-course surveys administered to everyone who registered for a Duke MOOC. Finally, we illustrate our findings with qualitative data from open-ended survey questions. Our analysis shows that each group has a unique profile in terms of self-reported course experiences. Contrary to claims that MOOCs are not fulfilling the promise of democratization of education, learners have benefited by gaining access to content and learning experiences they otherwise would not have had.

Published
2015
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32. The effect of stress and acculturation on the self-rated health of Arab Americans

Author

Suleiman, Abdul-Rahman M., Javanbakht, Arash, and Whitfield, Keith E.

Subjects
stress, detroit metropolitan area, Arab American, Original Article, Acculturation, self-rated health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The self-rated health of Arab Americans has been found to be worse than non-Hispanic whites. Psychosocial factors such as stress and acculturation may explain this disparity. As a result, we designed this survey to better understand the effects of stress and acculturation on the self-rated health of the Arab-American community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a convenience sample, we surveyed 142 self-identified Arab Americans regarding demographics, stress, acculturation, and self-rated health. Stress was measured using instruments assessing perceived stress, everyday discrimination, and acculturative stress. Acculturation was measured using a modified Vancouver Index of Acculturation. To measure self-rated health, participants were asked to rate their current health on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). RESULTS: A logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and education did not find that stress significantly affected the odds of having poor self-rated health in Arab Americans. Heritage identity was associated with lower odds of having poor self-rated health (odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15, 0.94, P < 0.05). No association was found between acculturation and poor self-rated health. CONCLUSION: Greater levels of stress were not significantly associated with greater odds of poor self-rated health in Arab Americans. We also found that greater heritage identity significantly decreased the odds of poor self-rated health in Arab Americans. The effects of everyday discrimination, perceived stress, and acculturation on self-rated health in Arab Americans remain unclear and need to be examined further.

Published
2021

33. Mentoring Special Populations

Author

Whitfield, Keith E. and Edwards, Christopher L.

Abstract

Mentorship is critical for career development. Members of special populations are at increased risk of information shortfalls and advice that is not framed with cultural sensitivity. Special knowledge and skills are needed to successfully mentor members of ethnic minority and other special populations. Midlevel and senior scientists need specialized training to effectively mentor the next generation of gerontological scientists. This article focuses on the characteristics of mentor and proteges and how best to match them for career success.

Published
2011
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35. Religious service attendance and mortality among older Black men

Author

Bruce, Marino A., primary, Beech, Bettina M., additional, Kermah, Dulcie, additional, Bailey, Shanelle, additional, Phillips, Nicole, additional, Jones, Harlan P., additional, Bowie, Janice V., additional, Heitman, Elizabeth, additional, Norris, Keith C., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, and Thorpe, Roland J., additional

Published
2022
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40. Estimating Likelihood of Dementia in the Absence of Diagnostic Data : A Latent Dementia Index in 10 Genetically Informed Studies

Author

Beam, Christopher R., Luczak, Susan E., Panizzon, Matthew S., Reynolds, Chandra A., Christensen, Kaare, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Elman, Jeremy A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lee, Teresa, Nygaard, Marianne, Sachdev, Perminder S., Whitfield, Keith E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Gatz, Margaret, Beam, Christopher R., Luczak, Susan E., Panizzon, Matthew S., Reynolds, Chandra A., Christensen, Kaare, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Elman, Jeremy A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lee, Teresa, Nygaard, Marianne, Sachdev, Perminder S., Whitfield, Keith E., Pedersen, Nancy L., and Gatz, Margaret

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological research on dementia is hampered by differences across studies in how dementia is classified, especially where clinical diagnoses of dementia may not be available. OBJECTIVE: We apply structural equation modeling to estimate dementia likelihood across heterogeneous samples within a multi-study consortium and use the twin design of the sample to validate the results. METHODS: Using 10 twin studies, we implement a latent variable approach that aligns different tests available in each study to assess cognitive, memory, and functional ability. The model separates general cognitive ability from components indicative of dementia. We examine the validity of this continuous latent dementia index (LDI). We then identify cut-off points along the LDI distributions in each study and align them across studies to distinguish individuals with and without probable dementia. Finally, we validate the LDI by determining its heritability and estimating genetic and environmental correlations between the LDI and clinically diagnosed dementia where available. RESULTS: Results indicate that coordinated estimation of LDI across 10 studies has validity against clinically diagnosed dementia. The LDI can be fit to heterogeneous sets of memory, other cognitive, and functional ability variables to extract a score reflective of likelihood of dementia that can be interpreted similarly across studies despite diverse study designs and sampling characteristics. Finally, the same genetic sources of variance strongly contribute to both the LDI and clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This latent dementia indicator approach may serve as a model for other research consortia confronted with similar data integration challenges., CC BY-NC 4.0© 2022 – The authors. Published by IOS Press.Correspondence to: Margaret Gatz, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Tel.: +1 213 740 2212; E-mail: gatz@usc.edu.Membership of the IGEMS consortium is provided at https://dornsife.usc.edu/labs/IGEMSThis work was supported by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 AG060470 to MG and NLP and RF1 AG058068 to Pike, LaDu, and MG and a grant from the Alzheimer’s Association (AARF-17-505302) to CRB. HARMONY was supported by NIH grant R01AG08724 to MG. SATSA was supported by grants NIH R01 AG04563, R01 AG10175, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging, the Swedish Council For Working Life and Social Research (FAS) (97:0147:1B, 2009-0795), and the Swedish Research Council (825-2007-7460, 825-2009-6141) to NLP. GENDER was supported by the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging to McClearn and The Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson’s Foundation, The Swedish Council for Social Research, and the Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences and Allergy Research to Malmberg. OCTO-Twin was supported by grant NIH R01 AG08861 to McClearn. OATS was funded by a National Health & Medical Research Council and Australian Research Council Strategic Award Grant of the Ageing Well, Ageing Productively Program (ID No. 401162), and NHMRC Project Grants (ID 1045325 and 1085606) to PS. OATS participant recruitment was facilitated through Twins Research Australia, a national resource in part supported by a Centre for Research Excellence Grant (ID: 1079102), from the National Health and Medical Research Council. We also acknowledge the contribution to this study of the OATS research team listed at https://cheba.unsw.edu.au/project/older-australian-twins-study. The Danish Twin Registry was supported by grants from The National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from th

Published
2022
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41. Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health : support for diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interplay

Author

Finkel, Deborah, Zavala, Catalina, Franz, Carol E., Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Pedersen, Nancy L., Finch, Brian K., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Catts, Vibeke S., Ericsson, Malin, Krueger, Robert F., Martin, Nicholas G., Mohan, Adith, Mosing, Miriam A., Prescott, Carol A., Whitfield, Keith E., Finkel, Deborah, Zavala, Catalina, Franz, Carol E., Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Pedersen, Nancy L., Finch, Brian K., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Catts, Vibeke S., Ericsson, Malin, Krueger, Robert F., Martin, Nicholas G., Mohan, Adith, Mosing, Miriam A., Prescott, Carol A., and Whitfield, Keith E.

Abstract

Data from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium were used to examine predictions of different models of gene-by-environment interaction to understand how genetic variance in self-rated health (SRH) varies at different levels of financial strain. A total of 11,359 individuals from 10 twin studies in Australia, Sweden, and the United States contributed relevant data, including 2,074 monozygotic and 2,623 dizygotic twin pairs. Age ranged from 22 to 98 years, with a mean age of 61.05 (SD = 13.24). A factor model was used to create a harmonized measure of financial strain across studies and items. Twin analyses of genetic and environmental variance for SRH incorporating age, age(2), sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis-stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically based health disparities.

Published
2022
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42. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, Ooki, Syuichi, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Heikkilä, Kauko, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire MA, Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2017
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43. Genes, Environment, and Race: Quantitative Genetic Approaches

Author

Whitfield, Keith E. and McClearn, Gerald

Abstract

Understanding the origins of racial health disparities is currently a central focus of health-oriented funding agencies and the health policy community. In particular, the role of genetics in the origin of racial health disparities is receiving growing attention and has been susceptible to considerable misinterpretation. In this article, the authors provide a basic discussion about the concept of genes and race, an introduction to quantitative genetics, and some examples of quantitative genetic analyses of health conditions in an underserved population. The intent is to outline the conceptual limitations of exclusivist views of either environmental or genetic determination and to emphasize the coaction and interaction of genes and environments in health.

Published
2005

46. The Impact of Desegregation on Cognition among Older African Americans.

Author

Whitfield, Keith E. and Wiggins, Sebrina A.

Abstract

Examined the influence of educational desegregation on cognitive performance. Data from African American adults who had attended desegregated (DS) versus segregated (SS) schools indicated that DS adults had significantly higher mean cognitive scores than SS adults. After controlling for age, gender, years of education, and years in desegregated schools, results showed no differences between groups on measures of number concept, inductive reasoning, and general fluid and crystallized abilities. (SM)

Published
2003

48. Religious Coping and Pain Associated With Sickle Cell Disease: Exploration of a Non-linear Model

Author

O'Connell-Edwards, Cara F., Edwards, Christopher L., Pearce, Michele, Wachholtz, Amy B., Wood, Mary, Muhammad, Malik, Leach-Beale, Brittani, Shelby, Rebecca, McDougald, Camela S., Harrison, M. Ojinga, Feliu, Miriam, Edwards, Lekisha Y., Whitfield, Keith E., Merritt, Marcellus, Wellington, Chante', Byrd, Goldie, McNeil, Janice C., Edmonds, Henry, and Robinson, Elwood

Published
2009

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