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The article explores an alleged racism by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in "Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime." It examines reasons for Kant to parody Scottish philosopher David Hume on the concept of species in the cultural context of his time. It also suggests that Kant admired the satirical skill of the English poet Alexander Pope in "Essay of Man."

Television is a valuable sociocultural resource that allows stereotypes to be exposed and challenged including those of Black fathers. Critics note that most African American media images are Eurocentric portrayals. However, with an increasing number of Black actors, writers, and producers, television depictions of Black fathers continue to change. Early television emphasized the stereotypes of Black fathers. While historically fathers' roles were determined by their ability to provide for their families, media framed Black fathers as missing, detached and/or irresponsible. After Obama's election and his campaign elevating hope, several new Black fathers appeared on television. This research on Black fatherhood fills an important gap in the literature: messages of hope expressed by Black fathers in television shows. To analyze messages of hope, we present an overview of the literature on media framing and its relevance to the depictions of Black males focusing on Black TV dads. Second, we extend the previous research by examining messages of hope expressed by Black fathers in television series from the 1970s to the present. Findings highlight messages of hope expressed through teaching life lessons, striving to create a better future, protecting their children from life's disappointments and dangers, and leaving a legacy. Practice and research implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method for Fmoc/ tBu solution-phase peptide synthesis and the development of a new benzyl-type group-assisted purification (GAP) protecting group is reported. This GAP protecting group is utilized in place of a polymer support, facilitating C→N Fmoc peptide synthesis without chromatography or recrystallization. The GAP group can be added and removed in high yield, and was used to synthesize over 1 gram of the immunostimulant, thymopentin, in high overall yield (83 %) and purity (99 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oral cancer affecting the oral cavity represents the most common cancer of the head and neck region. Oral cancer develops in a multistep process in which normal cells gradually accumulate genetic and epigenetic modifications to evolve into a malignant disease. Mortality for oral cancer patients is high and morbidity has a significant long-term impact on the health and wellbeing of affected individuals, typically resulting in facial disfigurement and a loss of the ability to speak, chew, taste, and swallow. The limited scope to which current treatments are able to control oral cancer underlines the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the molecular differences between oral cell proliferation, differentiation and terminal differentiation, defines terminal differentiation as an important tumour suppressive mechanism and establishes a rationale for clinical investigation of differentiation-paired therapies that may improve outcomes in oral cancer. The oral epithelium is one of the fastest repairing and continuously renewing tissues. Stem cell activation within the basal layer of the oral epithelium fuels the rapid proliferation of multipotent progenitors. Stem cells first undergo asymmetric cell division that requires tightly controlled and orchestrated differentiation networks to maintain the pool of stem cells while producing progenitors fated for differentiation. Rapidly expanding progenitors subsequently commit to advanced differentiation programs towards terminal differentiation, a process that regulates the structural integrity and homeostasis of the oral epithelium. Therefore, the balance between differentiation and terminal differentiation of stem cells and their progeny ensures progenitors commitment to terminal differentiation and prevents epithelial transformation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A recent comprehensive molecular characterization of OSCC revealed that a disruption of terminal differentiation factors is indeed a common OSCC event and is superior to oncogenic activation. Here, we discuss the role of differentiation and terminal differentiation in maintaining oral epithelial homeostasis and define terminal differentiation as a critical tumour suppressive mechanism. We further highlight factors with crucial terminal differentiation functions and detail the underlying consequences of their loss. Switching on terminal differentiation in differentiated progenitors is likely to represent an extremely promising novel avenue that may improve therapeutic interventions against OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]