Search

Highly hypnotizable hypnotized (H; n = 16) and task-motivated (TM; n = 13) subjects received pseudomemory suggestions (see Orne, 1979). TM subjects reported being more awake and motivated than did H subjects and were more likely to pass the target noise suggestion. However, 69% of subjects in both conditions who passed the noise suggestion reported pseudomemories. Pseudomemory rate (for H subjects, 69% and for TM subjects, 46%) was not reduced by informing subjects that they could distinguish reality and fantasy in a state of deep concentration. At final inquiry, after deep concentration, pseudomemories remained stable (for H subjects, 75% and for TM subjects, 54%). As predicted, H subjects reported more unsuggested noises and more pseudomemories of novel noises than did TM subjects. Subjects who reported pseudomemories were more confident in the accuracy of their memories than were subjects who reported that the suggested noises were imagined.

This research was designed to extend earlier research by McConkey and Sheehan by testing 24 hypnotizable and 21 unhypnotizable Ss, prescreened with the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, in high interpersonal/high rapport and low interpersonal/low rapport testing contexts. Overall, hypnotizable Ss were more responsive to hypnosis, rated the hypnotist more positively, and experienced greater involuntariness and archaic involvement than unhypnotizable Ss. However, the results provided support for the hypothesis that low hypnotizable Ss are particularly sensitive to variations of the hypnotist's interpersonal behavior. Although Ss' perceptions of the hypnotist were successfully manipulated, only low hypnotizable Ss' objective and subjective hypnotic performance on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C, was enhanced by hypnotist behavior designed to optimize rapport. Hypnotizable Ss' behavior was stable across testing contexts.

Contrary to predictions, the pseudomemory rate of subjects who received prehypnotic information that hypnosis increased recall was indistinguishable from the pseudomemory rates of subjects who received information that hypnosis did not increase recall and of subjects who received no specific prehypnotic information. Indeed, by the last recall trial, none of the 47 subjects exhibited pseudo-memory. Subjects exhibited faulty memory of events that actually occurred (i.e., pencils spilling), and were as uncertain of events that actually occurred, as they were of suggested events that did not occur during the session (telephone ringing). Subjects were generally consistent in their certainty, or lack of it, across events. Finally, subjects led to believe that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness were less aware of external events, and had the lowest rate of recall of target suggestions compared with subjects in the comparison groups.

Perspectives on substance use and abuse have evolved over time, reflecting shifts in cultural, societal and professional standards. The last few decades have witnessed a transition from viewing substance abusers [...]

It is well-known that substance abuse among offenders is related to risk for re-offending. In Canada, conservative estimates indicate that almost seven out of 10 offenders incarcerated in Canadian institutions [...]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are clear, concrete signs that America's drug policy - variously referred to as 'zero tolerance,' 'getting tough on drugs' and waging 'war' on drugs, has been an overwhelming success. [...]

This section provides information on various research papers regarding crime and race in Canada, as of April 1994. Offenders who have served extended periods of incarceration often experience unique problems when re-entering the community. The Community Adjustment of Long-Term Offenders study examines the needs and experiences of long-term offenders. Offenders who served a minimum of 10 uninterrupted years of imprisonment, were interviewed and were given a battery of assessment measures prior to their release. Bill C-30 is an attempt to rectify previous injustices in the Criminal Code provisions relating to insanity, specifically, the lack of judicial discretion to order anything other than strict custody, the lack of hearing to determine the accused person's state of mind, and the potential indefinite sentence imposed upon accused as a result of being held at the pleasure of the Lieutenant Governor. Bill C-30 has important implications for both criminal justice and health systems, particularly in the way these systems interface. Meanwhile, The Offender Substance Abuse Pre-Release Program: Intermediate and Post-Release Outcomes evaluated the effectiveness of a moderate intensity, cognitive behaviorally-oriented substance abuse treatment program for offenders. Severity of offenders' substance abuse problem was assessed using the Drug Abuse Screening Test, the Alcohol Dependence Scale, and a short version of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test.

In a replication and extension of Field, Evans, and Orne's (1965) research, no support was found for the hypothesis that suggestion order is related to hypnotic responding. Confirming earlier findings, Ss were no more responsive to suggestions ordered from easy-to-difficult than they were to suggestions ordered from difficult-to-easy. Measures of subjective involvement in suggestions, involuntariness, and archaic involvement with the hypnotist were no more sensitive to order effects than was the measure of objective responding. Nor were order effects more apparent with Ss who received direct versus indirect suggestions. Direct suggestions facilitated suggestion-related involuntariness and response to the hypnotic amnesia item after cancellation, whereas indirect suggestions enhanced fears of negative appraisal by the hypnotist. Finally, female Ss were more involved in suggestions than were the males, particularly in response to more difficult test items. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]