Search

A report on Additive Manufacturing Materials for EU funded OPTICON work package - Additive Astronomy Integrated-component Manufacturing(A2IM).

We present the 850 $\mu$m polarization observations toward the IC5146 filamentary cloud taken using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) and its associated polarimeter (POL-2), mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), as part of the B-fields In STar forming Regions Observations (BISTRO). This work is aimed at revealing the magnetic field morphology within a core-scale ($\lesssim 1.0$ pc) hub-filament structure (HFS) located at the end of a parsec-scale filament. To investigate whether or not the observed polarization traces the magnetic field in the HFS, we analyze the dependence between the observed polarization fraction and total intensity using a Bayesian approach with the polarization fraction described by the Rice likelihood function, which can correctly describe the probability density function (PDF) of the observed polarization fraction for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data. We find a power-law dependence between the polarization fraction and total intensity with an index of 0.56 in $A_V\sim$ 20--300 mag regions, suggesting that the dust grains in these dense regions can still be aligned with magnetic fields in the IC5146 regions. Our polarization maps reveal a curved magnetic field, possibly dragged by the contraction along the parsec-scale filament. We further obtain a magnetic field strength of 0.5$\pm$0.2 mG toward the central hub using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, corresponding to a mass-to-flux criticality of $\sim$ $1.3\pm0.4$ and an Alfv\'{e}nic Mach number of $, Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

著者人数: 122名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 權, 靜美; 中西, 裕之; 中川, 貴雄）, Accepted: 2018-03-26, 資料番号: SA1170332000

We have carried out a pilot study for the SCUBA-2 'All-Sky' Survey, SASSy, a wide and shallow mapping project at 850 microns, designed to find rare objects, both Galactic and extragalactic. Two distinct sets of exploratory observations were undertaken, and used to test the SASSy approach and data reduction pipeline. The first was a 0.5 by 0.5 degrees map around the nearby galaxy NGC 2559. The galaxy was easily detected at 156 mJy, but no other convincing sources are present in the map. Comparison with other galaxies with similar wavelength coverage indicates that NGC 2559 has relatively warm dust. The second observations cover 1 square degree around the W5-E HII region. As well as diffuse structure in the map, a filtering approach was able to extract 27 compact sources with signal-to-noise greater than 6. By matching with data at other wavelengths we can see that the SCUBA-2 data can be used to discriminate the colder cores. Together these observations show that the SASSy project will be able to meet its original goals of detecting new bright sources which will be ideal for follow-up observations with other facilities.

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to explore the learning process associated with international mergers and acquisitions (M&A) integration strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a comparative case study methodology, utilising qualitative data through in‐depth interviews with top management responsible for integration strategies. Three pairs of major international firms from the USA and the UK, USA and Sweden and USA and Germany were studied.FindingsThe paper empirically demonstrates that careful and well‐planned integration strategies are responsible for sustainable learning occurring, leading to desirable synergies between firms engaged in a merger process.Research limitations/implicationsThe interviews took place at higher/top levels of the organisations. A more comprehensive picture would include other lower levels of each organisation structure.Practical implicationsBased on the data analysis, an integrative model for learning related to M&A is developed. This model would help organisations, planning on engaging in international M&A activity, to maximise the learning from the process.Originality/valueThis is a practical/empirical study, supporting the available theory on the subject in the literature. The research approach was innovative, as it collected relevant data from top executive board members, exploring their own views on the barriers for learning and on the ways to minimise them.

Redistribution of arsenic (As) during silicidation of a 13-nm Ni film on an n+/p junction at 450°C is investigated. NiSi formation is observed by x-ray diffraction, micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Both secondary ion mass spectroscopy and RBS data indicate the redistribution and accumulation of As into two layers after the low-temperature annealing. The deeper accumulation peak, located just near the silicide/silicon interface, is attributed to As segregation from silicide into Si substrate. The shallower accumulation peak is located in a vacancy-cluster layer several nanometers below the silicide film surface. The vacancy-cluster layer, characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, separates the silicide film into two layers, and is attributed to the well-known Kirkendall effect.

The bullwhip effect is the observed amplification in order-size variance for upstream nodes in a supply chain. Lee et al. (1997, Management Science, 43, pp. 546–558) identified four causes for a single-product demand: (1) nodes updating their forecasts independently; (2) order batching; (3) price fluctuations; and (4) rationing. Chen et al. (2000, Management Science, 46, 436–443) provided a lower bound of the impact of the first cause. We contribute by quantifying the impact of the other three causes individually through simulation. We require any order to be an integer multiple of the batch size and posit price fluctuations and rationing as causing random i.i.d. errors or deviations from the optimal order size. We find with high R2 that the increase in order variance over a “core” order variance (when none of the four causes is present) is directly proportional to the square of the batch size and to the variance of the order deviations.

Vocal fold polyps and nodules are caused by inflammation caused by stress or irritation. Our study involved looking retrospectively at 30 patients. A clinical diagnosis was established by an otolaryngologist and voice pathologist through videostroboscopic analysis. Histological sections after removal of the vocal fold lesion were available for microscopic examination. All of these cases have also been previously evaluated and photographed. A clinical diagnosis of either a polyp or a laryngeal nodule have been made and documented. Two pathologists made the histological evaluation separately initially unaware of the clinical diagnosis. Their impression was recorded. After the clinical diagnosis become available and comparison between the clinical and pathological diagnosis were made, a retrospective review of the tissue was attempted to reconcile the differences. In conclusion, after careful histological evaluation, no definitive histological distinction can be made between laryngeal nodules and polyps. Our data showed no distinction between the two entities when compared for the presence of edema, fibrin, inflammation, and amyloid-like material. A statistically significant difference was found in the size of the specimen and the presence of telangiectasias. Based on our data, a biopsy larger than 0.3 cm could be a polyp and a biopsy less than 0.3 cm could be a nodule.

Explores the challenges and opportunities in integration processes, and the factors responsible for the success of cross‐boarder acquisitions within related industries. Emphasises the corporate strategies the three partnered companies used to maximise synergies, and to minimise the negative effects of the unavoidable, but necessary and complex, acculturation process. Evidence extracted from these case studies highlights that successful co‐operation between the firms resulted from the learning process developed by the partners. Knowledge acquisition and the subsequent organisational learning were the important desirable outcomes of the acquisition processes experienced by the organisations under study. The paper is structured as follows: a literature review on integration strategies and cultural impact on mergers and acquisitions precedes the three success stories. Accounts originating from semi‐structured interviews with top executives of Deutsche Bank – Bankers Trust; British Petroleum – Amoco; and Ford – Volvo are compared and contrasted with the literature. Outlines the results achieved in this self‐contained initial stage of an ongoing research project.

This paper describes different tools to rule out the etiology of vocal fold edema. A complete voice assessment is used in our Voice Center. This includes patient history, acoustic analysis, laryngeal video-stroboscopy, otolaryngology consultation, allergy testing from our Allergy Clinic, and gastroenterology consultation as appropriate. Inhalant allergy can be a hidden, yet very common cause of chronic laryngitis. Respiratory allergies can also cause decreased pulmonary function; excessive secretions in either the lower airway, trachea, bronchi or in the upper airway of the pharynx; edema of the vocal folds themselves; and unusual resonance characteristics of the pharynx or nasal cavity due to congestion of the membrane in those areas. Voice patients with a history of seasonal hay fever, a history of allergic reactions around cats or dogs, or a strong family history of allergies should be allergy tested. Screening tests for allergies are available, which include a screening radioallergosorbent test or a screening panel of scratch or intradermal skin tests. Once specific allergens are identified, recommendations for therapy or other intervention can be made. Straining the voice, in combination with the above conditions, can increase the voice problem. The histories, allergy test results, and voice laboratory evaluations of several patients are described. Identifying these voice patients and treating their allergies are important in keeping these patients healthy and maintaining a clear, good voice quality. The multidisciplinary approach in voice disorders is indispensable in diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.

The electrical and materials properties of ∼20nm nickel silicide films, formed at 300°C, on n+∕p and p+∕n junctions are investigated. The sheet resistance of the silicide on p+∕n junctions is found to be more than twice as high as that of the silicide on n+∕p junctions. Cross section transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy reveal that a pure Ni2Si layer forms on n+∕p junctions while a thicker Ni2Si∕NiSi double layer (∼60% Ni2Si) forms on p+∕n junctions. But the electrical differences are found to correlate only with differences in grain size and dopant concentration in the silicide.

The Basel II accord encourages banks to develop their own Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMA). However, the paucity of loss data implies that an individual bank cannot obtain a probability distribution with any reliability. We propose a model, targeting the regulator initially, by obtaining a probability distribution for loss magnitude using pooled annual risk losses from the banks under the regulator’s oversight. We start with summarized loss data from 63 European banks and adjust the probability distribution obtained for losses that go unreported by falling below the threshold level. Using our model, the regulator has a tool for understanding the extent of annual operational losses across all the banks under its supervision. The regulator can use the model on an ongoing basis to make comparisons in year-on-year changes to the operational risk profile of the regulated banking sector. (Forthcoming: April 2009 issue of the Capco Institute Journal of Financial Transportation)

Under Basel II, banks are encouraged to develop their own advanced measurement approaches (AMA), allowing different approaches to flourish. However, this flexibility may pose a problem for the regulators in approving a particular bank’s proposed capital requirement as indicated by the bank’s own AMA model. We propose a simple method for regulators to cross-check any bank’s proposed capital reserve using a lower bound function on the capital requirement. This bound is a function of the weight of the bank’s estimate of its expected losses relative to the pooled loss experience of other banks. The regulator can use the bound to indicate potential problems with an individual bank’s AMA model at the line of business level. We illustrate our approach with a bound that is easy to compute. Banks can also use this approach to cross-check their own models.

The treatment of the allergic voice patient may be somewhat different than other voice patients. Antihistamines are generally avoided, though decongestants with Guaifenesin may be useful. Steroids are more useful in perennial allergic systems. Steroids may be inhaled nasally, inhaled orally, or given systemically. Systemic steroids are especially useful for a performer who needs quick relief. We strongly feel that vocalists with chronic laryngitis and dysphonia should be allergy tested. A hidden dust mite or cat dander allergy is often found. A clean indoor environment can then be established. Immunotherapy injections can also be initiated. Both of these treatments, desensitization injections and environmental control, are especially useful in vocalists. These treatments are helpful in keeping a vocalist's trachea, larynx, and nasal cavity healthy. A careful search for mild asthma should be considered. Establishing good vocal hygiene and voice training may also be necessary.