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The silique number is one of the important components of yield per plant in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the exploitation and utilization of its excellent alleles are essential to increase yield. More than hundreds of silique number QTLs have been mapped in oilseed rape, but they are difficult to be fine-mapped or cloned because of their moderate and unstable effects. A oilseed rape mutant (No.7931) was detected in previous study and it had few siliques at mature stage due to the stop growth after differentiation about 10 flowers on the top of inflorescence. A F2 segregating population consisting of 3400 individuals was constructed using this mutant and another more-silique lines No.73290. Among them, we performed BSA-seq on 30 individuals with extreme more- or less-siliques and detected three associated intervals of 0-1.1 Mb, 4.7-6.2 Mb, and 11.5-12.4 Mb on the C02 chromosome. These genomic intervals contained a total of 522 annotated genes in the reference genome DarmorV8.1, among which 235 genes had functional annotation and SNP/InDel variation. At the early stage of flower bud differentiation, the shoot apical meristems of two parents were subjected to RNA-seq, and a total of 8958 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. These DEGs were significantly enriched into 20 pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, translation, and amino acid metabolism (highly associated with flower bud differentiation) and so on, among which 99 were located in the associated intervals. By the integration of gene functional annotation as well as sequence and expression variation analysis, a total of nine candidate genes (BnaC02g00490.1D2, BnaC02g01030.1D2, BnaC02g01120.1D2, BnaC02g00270.1D2, BnaC02g02670.1D2, BnaC02g08680.1D2, BnaC02g08890.1D2, BnaC02g09480.1D2, and BnaC02g10490.1D2) were identified, which were mainly involved in the maintenance of inflorescence meristems and the regulation of flower development. The above results lay the foundation for the following fine-mapping and cloning of the silique number mutant gene in oilseed rape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KNOTTED - like (KNOX) family gene KNAT plays pivotal roles in shoot apical meristem (SAM) development. BnKNAT gene from Brassica napus L. cv Zhongshuang 11 was cloned. The full - length ORF (984bp) included 5 exons encoding 327 amino acids, and 4 specific domains, namely KNOX1, KNOX2, ELK and Homeobox KN. 4 copies of BnKNAT2 were found in B. napus, and were expressed in primordia of main inflorescence, and 7 - day - old pods and stems after pollination. Overexpression construct pD1301S - BnKNAT2 driven by CaMV 35S promoter were conducted and transformed into Arabidopsis wild - type Col - 0 . A total of 21 positive transgenic lines (T2) were obtained, which showed morphologic variations of curled leaves, crouched leaves and corrugated leaf margin. In addition, their flowering date was delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective silique number on main inflorescence is an important factor on rapeseed ( Brassica napus L. ) yield. Doubled haploids (DH) derived from ZY036 and 51070 were used to develop genetic markers on effective silique number. DH population was planted for 3 years at 4 locations as Wuhan -2010, Yangluo -2011, Qinghai -2011, Yangluo -2012 and Xiangyang -2012 respectively. In the 5 field trials, QTLs for the effective si-lique number on main inflorescence were identified using WinQTL Cartographer 2. 5 software. 10 QTLs were found. Their phenotypic variation, LOD value and additive effect ranged from 9.33% to 31. 60%, 2.51 to 5.37 and 2. 71 to 8. 09 respectively. Four QTLs on chromosomes A1, A5, C1 and C9 were co-localized by 2 trials. In the QTL regions, 16 linkage markers were obtained, and 8 of 16 markers had less than 1cM distance from the peak of the QTLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [SNRI], venlafaxine is one of the most commonly prescribed clinical antidepressants, with a broad range of antidepressant effects. Accumulating evidence shows that venlafaxine may target astrocytes to exert its antidepressant activity, although the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remained largely unknown. Here, we used a 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics method coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to characterize the metabolic profiling of astrocytes treated with venlafaxine to explore the potential mechanism of its antidepressant effect. In total, 31 differential metabolites involved in energy, amino acid and lipid metabolism were identified. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used to identify the predicted pathways and biological functions with venlafaxine and fluoxetine. The most significantly altered network was "amino acid metabolism, cellular growth and proliferation", with a score above 20. Certain metabolites (lysine, tyrosine, glutamate, methionine, ethanolamine, fructose-6-phosphate, and phosphorylethanolamine) are involved in and play a central role in this network. Collectively, the biological effects of venlafaxine on astrocytes provide us with the further understanding of the mechanisms by which venlafaxine treats major depressive disorder.