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This editorial seeks to encourage the increased application of three open science practices in eating disorders research: Preregistration, Registered Reports, and the sharing of materials, data, and code. For each of these practices, we introduce updated International Journal of Eating Disorders author and reviewer guidance. Updates include the introduction of open science badges; specific instructions about how to improve transparency; and the introduction of Registered Reports of systematic or meta-analytical reviews. The editorial also seeks to encourage the study of open science practices. Open science practices pose considerable time and other resource burdens. Therefore, research is needed to help determine the value of these added burdens and to identify efficient strategies for implementing open science practices.

Objective: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are a leading cause of death, injury, and hospitalization among adolescents. Few evidence-based interventions exist, and these tend to be inaccessible for most youth. Electronic safety plan interventions represent a new avenue to disseminate an evidence-based suicide prevention tool. However, it is not clear whether youth find electronic, self-guided safety plans helpful, nor whether they will use the resulting safety card when experiencing suicidal thoughts or urges. This study examines adolescents' perceptions and use of an electronic, self-guided safety plan intervention. Method: We recruited 322 adolescents with a past-year history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors, ages 13–17 (55.9% white and non-Hispanic; majority reporting diverse sexual orientations and genders) online via social media to participate in this two-part longitudinal study. At baseline, participants completed the electronic safety plan interventions and reported on key aspects of its usefulness and areas of improvement. Participants reported their use and perceptions of the plan one month later. Results: Results suggested that adolescents understood, liked, and believed they would use a self-guided safety plan. One month later, about ⅓ of youth who experienced suicidal thoughts or urges used their safety card. Open-ended responses highlighted several features that adolescents enjoyed, including clarity, ease of use, and privacy. Participants also highlighted key areas for improvement, including formatting and language. Conclusion: This study provides initial support for adolescent use of electronic self-guided safety plans. Next steps include updating this intervention based on youth feedback and testing the effectiveness of this tool using gold standard research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Mental illness affects approximately one in five persons in any given year and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. (1-3) Nevertheless, there are approximately nine specialty care providers [...], The application of digital technology to psychiatry research is rapidly leading to new discoveries and capabilities in the field of mobile health. However, the increase in opportunities to passively collect vast amounts of detailed information on study participants coupled with advances in statistical techniques that enable machine learning models to process such information has raised novel ethical dilemmas regarding researchers' duties to: (i) monitor adverse events and intervene accordingly; (ii) obtain fully informed, voluntary consent; (iii) protect the privacy of participants; and (iv) increase the transparency of powerful, machine learning models to ensure they can be applied ethically and fairly in psychiatric care. This review highlights emerging ethical challenges and unresolved ethical questions in mobile health research and provides recommendations on how mobile health researchers can address these issues in practice. Ultimately, the hope is that this review will facilitate continued discussion on how to achieve best practice in mobile health research within psychiatry. L'application des technologies numeriques a la recherche psychiatrique entraine rapidement de nouvelles decouvertes et capacites en matiere de sante mobile. Cependant, la multiplication des opportunites de recueillir passivement d'immenses quantites d'informations detaillees sur les participants aux etudes combinee aux progres des techniques statistiques permettant aux modeles d'apprentissage automatique de traiter de telles informations a souleve de nouveaux dilemmes ethiques concernant l'obligation des chercheurs: (i) de surveiller les effets indesirables et d'intervenir en consequence; (ii) d'obtenir un consentement pleinement eclaire et volontaire; (iii) de proteger la vie privee des participants; et enfin, (iv) d'ameliorer la transparence des puissants modeles d'apprentissage automatique afin de garantir une application ethique et impartiale dans le domaine des soins psychiatriques. Ce rapport identifie les defis qui en decoulent ainsi que les questions ethiques non resolues en matiere de sante mobile. Il formule egalement des recommandations sur la facon dont les chercheurs en sante mobile peuvent resoudre ces problemes dans la pratique. A terme, nous esperons que ce rapport favorisera la poursuite des discussions portant sur les moyens de definir des methodes de recherche adequates pour la sante mobile en psychiatrie. La aplicacion de la tecnologia digital a la investigacion en psiquiatria esta conduciendo rapidamente a descubrimientos y capacidades nuevas en el ambito de la salud movil. No obstante, el incremento de las oportunidades para recopilar pasivamente grandes volumenes de informacion detallada sobre los participantes en los estudios, junto con los avances en las tecnicas de estadistica que permiten a los modelos de aprendizaje automatico procesar tal informacion, ha planteado nuevos dilemas eticos relativos a los deberes de los investigadores: (i) hacer un seguimiento de los eventos adversos e intervenir en consecuencia; (ii) obtener un consentimiento voluntario plenamente informado; (iii) proteger la privacidad de los participantes; y (iv) aumentar la transparencia de los modelos potentes de aprendizaje automatico para asegurar que puedan aplicarse de manera etica y justa en la atencion psiquiatrica. En este analisis se destacan tanto los desafios eticos nuevos como las cuestiones eticas aun sin resolver en la investigacion sobre la salud movil y se formulan recomendaciones sobre como los investigadores de la salud movil pueden abordar dichas cuestiones en la practica. En ultima instancia, se espera que este analisis facilite un debate continuo sobre como lograr las mejores practicas en la investigacion de la salud movil dentro de la psiquiatria.

Background: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are the two primary restrictive eating disorders; however, they are driven by differing motives for inadequate dietary intake. Despite overlap in restrictive eating behaviors and subsequent malnutrition, it remains unknown if ARFID and AN also share commonalities in their cognitive profiles, with cognitive alterations being a key identifier of AN. Discounting the present value of future outcomes with increasing delay to their expected receipt represents a core cognitive process guiding human decision-making. A hallmark cognitive characteristic of individuals with AN (vs. healthy controls [HC]) is reduced discounting of future outcomes, resulting in reduced impulsivity and higher likelihood of favoring delayed gratification. Whether individuals with ARFID display a similar reduction in delay discounting as those with AN (vs. an opposing bias towards increased delay discounting or no bias) is important in informing transdiagnostic versus disorder-specific cognitive characteristics and optimizing future intervention strategies. Method: To address this research question, 104 participants (ARFID: n = 57, AN: n = 28, HC: n = 19) completed a computerized Delay Discounting Task. Groups were compared by their delay discounting parameter (ln)k. Results: Individuals with ARFID displayed a larger delay discounting parameter than those with AN, indicating steeper delay discounting (M ± SD = −6.10 ± 2.00 vs. −7.26 ± 1.73, p = 0.026 [age-adjusted], Hedges' g = 0.59), with no difference from HC (p = 0.514, Hedges' g = −0.35). Conclusion: Our findings provide a first indication of distinct cognitive profiles among the two primary restrictive eating disorders. The present results, together with future research spanning additional cognitive domains and including larger and more diverse samples of individuals with ARFID (vs. AN), will contribute to identifying maintenance mechanisms that are unique to each disorder as well as contribute to the optimization and tailoring of treatment strategies across the spectrum of restrictive eating disorders. Plain English Summary: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are both restrictive eating disorders. However, the reasons for restricting food intake differ between the two diagnoses. A key question in further understanding similarities and differences between ARFID and AN is to understand whether individuals with these disorders process information and make decisions in similar or distinct ways. When humans decide between two different outcomes (e.g., a smaller immediate or a larger delayed reward), outcomes decrease in their value the farther in the future we expect to receive them (delay discounting). Individuals with AN exhibit a reduced discounting of future outcomes, which makes them more likely to forego immediate gratification for later rewards. However, whether this holds true for individuals with ARFID too (or whether they show the opposite or no bias) is unknown. Our investigation is the first to compare delay discounting between individuals with ARFID, AN, and healthy controls (HC). Our results show that individuals with ARFID show more delay discounting than those with AN, with no difference from HC. Knowing how rewards are being chosen and decisions made (and knowing differences between diagnoses) will be helpful in further optimizing and tailoring treatments for restrictive eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Eating disorder (ED) behaviors are often characterized as indirect forms of self‐harm. However, recent research has found less clear demarcations between direct self‐harming behaviors (e.g., nonsuicidal self‐injury [NSSI], suicidal behaviors) than previously assumed. The aim of this study was to replicate findings of this prior research on adult populations in adolescents with a history of restrictive eating. Method: A total of 117 adolescents between ages 12–14 were included in the study. Participants reported the presence and frequency of binge eating, compensatory, restrictive eating, and NSSI. Participants also reported thoughts of and intentions to hurt and kill themselves when engaging in each behavior on average. The t‐tests and linear effects models were conducted to compare self‐harming thoughts and intentions across behaviors. Results: Participants reported at least some intent to hurt themselves physically in the moment and in the long‐term when engaging in all ED behaviors and NSSI, and reported engaging in these behaviors while thinking about suicide. Direct self‐harming knowledge and intentions were most frequently reported with NSSI and longer‐term knowledge and intentions via NSSI and restrictive eating. Additionally, participants reported some suicidal thoughts and intentions across behaviors. Discussion: This study replicates prior research, suggesting that adolescents engage in ED behaviors and NSSI with non‐zero self‐harming and suicidal thoughts and intentions. ED behaviors and NSSI may better be explained on a continuum. Implications include the recommendation of safety planning during ED treatment. Public Significance Statement: This study highlights the overlap between eating disorder (ED) behaviors, nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), and suicide. Though clear distinctions typically exist for motives of self‐harming behavior between ED behaviors (i.e., indirect, in the long run) and NSSI (i.e., direct, in the moment), this research suggests that intentions for self‐harming and suicide may exist on a continuum. Clinical ED treatment should consider safety planning as part of routine interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Little is known about how female adolescent ballet dancers—a group at high‐risk for the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders—construct body ideals, and how their social identities interact with body ideals to confer risk for disordered eating. Using a novel body figure behavioral task, this study investigated (1) whether degree of body dissatisfaction corresponded to severity of disordered eating thoughts and behaviors, and (2) how ballet identity corresponded with ideal body figure size among adolescent ballet dancers. Methods: Participants were 188 female ballet dancers ages 13‐18 years who completed self‐report measures of study constructs and the behavioral task. Results: Linear regression models indicated that more severe body dissatisfaction was positively associated with increased disordered eating thoughts and behaviors (p <.19), except for muscle building (p =.32). We also found that identifying more strongly as a ballet dancer was correlated with having a smaller ideal body size (p =.017). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest desire to achieve smaller body sizes is correlated with more severe disordered eating endorsement and stronger ballet identity. Instructors and clinicians may consider assessing the extent to which individuals identify as a ballet dancer as a risk factor for disordered eating and encourage adolescent dancers to build and nurture other identities beyond ballet. Public significance: Eating disorders are debilitating conditions that can lead to malnutrition, social isolation, and even premature death. Though disordered eating thoughts and behaviors can affect anyone, adolescents in physically demanding and body image‐driven activities including ballet dance are particularly vulnerable. Investigating how factors like body dissatisfaction and strength of identity are associated with disordered eating among high‐risk groups is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention methods that minimize harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide risk is highest immediately after psychiatric hospitalization, but the field lacks methods for identifying which patients are at greatest risk, and when. We built personalized models predicting suicidal thoughts after psychiatric hospital visits (N=89 patients), using ecological momentary assessment (EMA; average EMA responses per participant=311). We built several idiographic models, including baseline autoregressive and elastic net models (using single train/test split) and Gaussian Process (GP) models (using an iterative rolling-forward prediction method). Simple GP models provided the best prediction of suicidal urges (R2average=0.17), outperforming baseline autoregressive (R2average=0.10) and elastic net (R2average=0.06) models. Similarly, simple GP models provided the best prediction of suicidal intent (R2average=0.12) compared to autoregressive (R2average=0.08) and elastic net (R2average=0.04). Here we show that idiographic prediction of suicidal thoughts is possible, though accuracy currently is modest. Building GP models that iteratively update and learn symptom dynamics over time could provide important information to inform development of just-in-time adaptive interventions., Author's Original

Online methods hold promise as effective research tools for adolescent psychopathology research. Such methods may be the most effective way to reach large, representative samples of adolescents and harder-to-reach populations. They also may increase adolescent disclosure of risky behaviors, reduce recruitment costs, and increase the cost and time efficiency of recruitment. Despite these advantages, researchers may be concerned about including measures assessing risky behaviors, like suicidal thoughts and behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury, in online studies of youth. In addition, parental consent in online studies is impractical and difficult to obtain. Concerns also include potential iatrogenic effects, sample bias, and data quality issues. This review discusses the benefits and challenges for online adolescent self-injury research, proposes strategies to overcome barriers, and provides examples and recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]