20 results on '"Walid Kandeil"'
Search Results
2. Perceptions of vaccine preventable diseases in Australian healthcare: focus on pertussis
- Author
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Julianne Bayliss, Roshnee Randhawa, Kyu-Bin Oh, Walid Kandeil, Victoria A. Jenkins, Elisa Turriani, and Michael Nissen
- Subjects
pertussis ,whooping cough ,vaccination ,adults ,australia ,recommendations ,general practitioners ,survey ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Adult vaccination in Australia is suboptimal. For instance, as few as one in nine people have received a pertussis vaccine in adolescence or adulthood, despite increasing disease burden and evidence of a positive correlation between older age and hospitalization rates. The objectives of this study were to describe general practitioners’ (GPs) and adult consumers’ knowledge and attitudes toward adult vaccination, with an emphasis on pertussis. Australian GPs and consumers were recruited in two nationally representative online surveys repeated annually between 2014 and 2018. Vaccination discussions occurred in a minority of adult/GP encounters. Pertussis was among the five most frequently identified vaccine preventable diseases but was unlikely to be proactively discussed with adults not in contact with young children. Among consumers, only one in three recalled ever receiving a pertussis vaccination. GPs are a strong predictor of adults receiving a pertussis vaccine. Possible factors contributing to low uptake are misconceptions around pertussis disease, vaccination requirements and lack of GP recommendation for adult vaccination. GPs have a key role to play in increasing adult vaccination coverage with their recommendation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Pertussis in High Risk Groups: An Overview of the Past Quarter Century
- Author
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Victoria A Jenkins, Miloje Savic, and Walid Kandeil
- Subjects
pertussis ,high risk ,asthma ,copd ,smoking ,obesity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Infectious diseases can impact chronic medical conditions. However, it is currently not clear how pertussis correlates with preexisting or underlying disorders. We reviewed literature from the last 25 years to describe the burden and impact of pertussis infection in specific risk groups in individuals aged ≥11 years. Our literature search returned 543 hits, of which 18 were eligible for this review. Adolescents and adults with underlying conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or obesity are potentially at increased risk of pertussis infection. Immunodeficiency and smoking have also been associated with worsened pertussis symptoms and an increased pertussis-related hospitalization rate. In patients with pertussis and preexisting asthma or COPD, symptoms were worsened, and health-care costs were consequently increased. Further efforts are needed to close the knowledge gap and to understand the burden of pertussis in at-risk adolescent and adult populations to help inform vaccination strategies and recommendations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Attributes influencing parental decision-making to receive the Tdap vaccine to reduce the risk of pertussis transmission to their newborn – outcome of a cross-sectional conjoint experiment in Spain and Italy
- Author
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Edouard Ledent, Giovanni Gabutti, Esther W. de Bekker-Grob, Juan Luis Alcázar Zambrano, Magda Campins Martí, María Teresa Del Hierro Gurruchaga, María José Fernández Cruz, Giuseppe Ferrera, Francesca Fortunato, Pierfederico Torchio, Giorgio Zoppi, Christian Agboton, Walid Kandeil, and Federico Marchetti
- Subjects
pertussis ,vaccination ,cocooning ,spain ,italy ,adaptive choice-based conjoint questionnaire ,adaptive discrete-choice experiment ,preferences ,sawtooth software ,survey ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Pertussis vaccination of parents and household contacts (‘cocooning’) to protect newborn infants is an established strategy in many countries, although uptake may be low. Many aspects may influence such decision-making. We conducted a cross-sectional survey (NCT01890447) of households and other close contacts of newborns aged ≤6 months (or of expectant mothers in their last trimester) in Spain and Italy, using an adaptive discrete-choice experiment questionnaire. Aims were to assess the relative importance of attributes influencing vaccine adoption, and to estimate variation in vaccine adoption rates and the impact of cost on vaccination rates. Six hundred and fifteen participants (Spain, n = 313; Italy, n = 302) completed the survey. Of 144 available questionnaire scenarios, the most frequently selected (14% of respondents in both countries) were infant protection by household vaccination at vaccination center, recommendation by family physician and health authorities, with information available on leaflets and websites. The attribute with highest median relative importance was ‘reduction in source of infection’ in Spain (23.1%) and ‘vaccination location’ in Italy (18.8%). Differences between other attributes were low in both countries, with media attributes showing low importance. Over 80% of respondents indicated a definite or probable response to vaccine adoption (at no-cost) with estimated probability of adoption of 89–98%; applying vaccine costs (25€ per person) would reduce the probability of uptake by 7–20% in definite/probable respondents. Awareness of these determinants is helpful in informing Health Authorities and healthcare practitioners implementing a cocooning strategy for those populations where maternal immunization is not a preferred option.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review
- Author
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Walid Kandeil, Petar Atanasov, Diana Avramioti, Josephine Fu, Nadia Demarteau, and Xiao Li
- Subjects
cost ,epidemiology ,older adults ,pertussis ,vaccination ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Introduction: Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine-preventable disease; however, neither natural- nor vaccine-induced protection is life-long. Although generally not severe in adults, pertussis can be associated with complications in patients with chronic conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can be readily transmitted to more vulnerable populations, including neonates before they complete their primary vaccination. Furthermore, as the global population ages, the health and economic burden of the disease is expected to rise. Areas covered: A systematic literature review was conducted to ascertain the current epidemiological and financial burden of pertussis in older adults and to discuss the potential value of a booster vaccination in this population. Expert commentary: Our review indicates a considerable underestimation of the pertussis burden amongst older adults. Seroprevalence studies consistently demonstrate that the reported incidence may be much lower than the actual incidence. Tetanus toxoid-reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines are immunogenic in older adults, induce high booster responses and are well-tolerated. There is therefore a good rationale for the advocacy of booster pertussis vaccination throughout life to prevent pertussis infection and its transmission, especially in adults aged ≥50 years.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Neonatal Pertussis, an Under-Recognized Health Burden and Rationale for Maternal Immunization: A Systematic Review of South and South-East Asian Countries
- Author
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Ashish Agrawal, Sanjeev Singh, Shafi Kolhapure, Walid Kandeil, Rishma Pai, and Tanu Singhal
- Subjects
Asia ,Epidemiology ,Maternal Immunization ,Neonatal ,Newborns ,Pertussis ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Pertussis is an under-recognized cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. To review information on the epidemiology and disease burden of neonatal pertussis in South and Southeast Asian countries, a systematic literature review of three bibliographic databases was undertaken. Peer-reviewed original studies on neonatal pertussis epidemiology and burden published since 2000, with a geographical scope limited to South and Southeast Asian countries, were included. Data were systematically extracted based on parameters defined a priori. Our findings show that the burden of neonatal pertussis and its complications is substantial. An increase in the number of pertussis cases has been noted since early 2000, ranging from 61 to 92.9% in infants 0–3 months old. The most common symptoms an infant is likely to present with are cough with or without paroxysms, cyanosis, apnea, tachypnea, difficulty in breathing and leukocytosis. In addition, it can lead to hospitalization (length of stay: 5–7 days), complications (e.g., pneumonia, seizures) and mortality ranging from 5.6 to 14.7%. Other observations indicate that diagnosis is challenging because of non-specific clinical symptoms. Specifically, for obstetricians and gynecologists, the information available for making informed decisions on the prevention of neonatal pertussis is unreliable. Maternal immunization against pertussis during late stages of pregnancy has proven to be efficacious and well tolerated. A high burden of neonatal pertussis, as well as its complications, is observed in South and Southeast Asian countries. There is a need to intensify efforts to protect this vulnerable population with maternal vaccination. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article. Please see Fig. 1 and the following link: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7951187.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in Saudi children younger than 5 years of age
- Author
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Khalid A. Al-Mazrou, Atef M. Shibl, Walid Kandeil, Jean-Yves Pirçon, and Cinzia Marano
- Subjects
Acute otitis media ,Child ,Saudi Arabia ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Antibiotic resistance ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Information regarding acute otitis media (AOM) aetiology is important for developing effective vaccines. Here, bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of AOM were determined in young Saudi children. Methods: Children aged 3–60 months with a new episode of AOM, who had not received antibiotics or had received antibiotics for 48–72 h but remained symptomatic, were enrolled in this prospective, observational, epidemiological study in Riyadh. Middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected by tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea, and tested for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Moraxella catarrhalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the identified pathogens was assessed using E-tests. Results: Between June 2009 and May 2011, 66 children were enrolled. S. pneumoniae was detected in 6 episodes and non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in 8 episodes. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus, which is an uncommon cause of AOM, was detected in 17 episodes. Pneumococcal serotypes were 7F (n = 2), 23F (n = 2), 19F (n = 1) and 15F (n = 1). Susceptibility to cefotaxime was observed in all pneumococcal and H. influenzae isolates, to cefuroxime in 4/6 pneumococcal and 8/8 H. influenzae isolates, and to penicillin in 5/6 pneumococcal isolates. Conclusions: S. pneumoniae and NTHi were major bacterial contributors for AOM in Saudi children.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Saudi Arabian children younger than 5 years of age
- Author
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Yagob Almazrou, Atef M. Shibl, Riyadh Alkhlaif, Jean-Yves Pirçon, Sameh Anis, Walid Kandeil, and William P. Hausdorff
- Subjects
Child ,Invasive pneumococcal disease ,Multi-drug resistance ,Saudi Arabia ,Serotype ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
This study evaluated the incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Saudi Arabian children. This multicenter, prospective, clinical surveillance study included children under 5 years of age, residents of one of the seven study health areas, who were brought to a study hospital with suspicion of IPD. Bacterial isolates from sterile site samples, collected less than 24 h after hospital visit/admission, were identified, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Between June 2007 and January 2009, 631 episodes of suspected IPD were recorded, and 623 were included in the analysis. One child (0.2%) had previously received one dose of a pneumococcal vaccine. Forty-seven episodes were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae and three for Haemophilus influenzae. The incidence of confirmed IPD cases was estimated to be 2.5–21.6 per 100,000 children (
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Perceptions of vaccine preventable diseases in Australian healthcare: focus on pertussis
- Author
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Michael D. Nissen, Kyu-Bin Oh, Elisa Turriani, Victoria A Jenkins, Julianne Bayliss, Walid Kandeil, and Roshnee Randhawa
- Subjects
Adult ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Whooping Cough ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Short Report ,Disease ,Positive correlation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pertussis ,general practitioners ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Vaccine-Preventable Diseases ,Health care ,adults ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,survey ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Whooping cough ,Disease burden ,Aged ,Pertussis Vaccine ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Australia ,medicine.disease ,Child, Preschool ,Family medicine ,recommendations ,Pertussis vaccine ,Perception ,Vaccine-preventable diseases ,business ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Adult vaccination in Australia is suboptimal. For instance, as few as one in nine people have received a pertussis vaccine in adolescence or adulthood, despite increasing disease burden and evidence of a positive correlation between older age and hospitalization rates. The objectives of this study were to describe general practitioners’ (GPs) and adult consumers’ knowledge and attitudes toward adult vaccination, with an emphasis on pertussis. Australian GPs and consumers were recruited in two nationally representative online surveys repeated annually between 2014 and 2018. Vaccination discussions occurred in a minority of adult/GP encounters. Pertussis was among the five most frequently identified vaccine preventable diseases but was unlikely to be proactively discussed with adults not in contact with young children. Among consumers, only one in three recalled ever receiving a pertussis vaccination. GPs are a strong predictor of adults receiving a pertussis vaccine. Possible factors contributing to low uptake are misconceptions around pertussis disease, vaccination requirements and lack of GP recommendation for adult vaccination. GPs have a key role to play in increasing adult vaccination coverage with their recommendation.
- Published
- 2020
10. Neonatal Pertussis, an Under-Recognized Health Burden and Rationale for Maternal Immunization: A Systematic Review of South and South-East Asian Countries
- Author
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Walid Kandeil, Sanjeev Singh, Rishma Pai, Shafi Kolhapure, Tanu Singhal, and Ashish Agrawal
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,Epidemiology ,030106 microbiology ,Review ,Southeast asian ,Tachypnea ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pertussis ,Neonatal ,medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Disease burden ,Newborns ,Pregnancy ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Maternal Immunization ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Systematic review ,Immunization ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Pertussis is an under-recognized cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. To review information on the epidemiology and disease burden of neonatal pertussis in South and Southeast Asian countries, a systematic literature review of three bibliographic databases was undertaken. Peer-reviewed original studies on neonatal pertussis epidemiology and burden published since 2000, with a geographical scope limited to South and Southeast Asian countries, were included. Data were systematically extracted based on parameters defined a priori. Our findings show that the burden of neonatal pertussis and its complications is substantial. An increase in the number of pertussis cases has been noted since early 2000, ranging from 61 to 92.9% in infants 0–3 months old. The most common symptoms an infant is likely to present with are cough with or without paroxysms, cyanosis, apnea, tachypnea, difficulty in breathing and leukocytosis. In addition, it can lead to hospitalization (length of stay: 5–7 days), complications (e.g., pneumonia, seizures) and mortality ranging from 5.6 to 14.7%. Other observations indicate that diagnosis is challenging because of non-specific clinical symptoms. Specifically, for obstetricians and gynecologists, the information available for making informed decisions on the prevention of neonatal pertussis is unreliable. Maternal immunization against pertussis during late stages of pregnancy has proven to be efficacious and well tolerated. A high burden of neonatal pertussis, as well as its complications, is observed in South and Southeast Asian countries. There is a need to intensify efforts to protect this vulnerable population with maternal vaccination. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article. Please see Fig. 1 and the following link: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7951187 .
- Published
- 2019
11. A systematic review of the burden of pertussis disease in infants and the effectiveness of maternal immunization against pertussis
- Author
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Caroline van den Ende, Walid Kandeil, Victoria A Jenkins, Adrienne Guignard, Eveline M Bunge, and Maria Angeles Ceregido
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Burden of disease ,Bordetella pertussis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Whooping Cough ,animal diseases ,Immunology ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Disease ,Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Pregnancy ,Drug Discovery ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Whooping cough ,Pharmacology ,biology ,business.industry ,Immunization Programs ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Vaccination ,Immunization, Passive ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunization ,bacteria ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,business - Abstract
Infants too young to be fully immunized are the most vulnerable to severe pertussis disease. To close this susceptibility gap, passive infant immunization through vaccination of pregnant women against pertussis was first introduced in 2011 in the United States and has been extended since then to more than 40 countries. We conducted two systematic literature searches to describe the worldwide burden of pertussis disease in infants
- Published
- 2020
12. Pertussis in high-risk groups: an overview of the past quarter-century
- Author
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Walid Kandeil, Victoria A Jenkins, and Miloje Savic
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,obesity ,Adolescent ,Whooping Cough ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Review ,high risk ,smoking ,Quarter century ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk groups ,Pertussis ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,COPD ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Asthma ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,fungi ,Vaccination ,food and beverages ,Health Care Costs ,asthma ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,business - Abstract
Infectious diseases can impact chronic medical conditions. However, it is currently not clear how pertussis correlates with preexisting or underlying disorders. We reviewed literature from the last 25 years to describe the burden and impact of pertussis infection in specific risk groups in individuals aged ≥11 years. Our literature search returned 543 hits, of which 18 were eligible for this review. Adolescents and adults with underlying conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or obesity are potentially at increased risk of pertussis infection. Immunodeficiency and smoking have also been associated with worsened pertussis symptoms and an increased pertussis-related hospitalization rate. In patients with pertussis and preexisting asthma or COPD, symptoms were worsened, and health-care costs were consequently increased. Further efforts are needed to close the knowledge gap and to understand the burden of pertussis in at-risk adolescent and adult populations to help inform vaccination strategies and recommendations.
- Published
- 2020
13. Immune interference (blunting) in the context of maternal immunization with Tdap-containing vaccines: is it a class effect?
- Author
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Walid Kandeil, Adrienne Guignard, Maria Angeles Ceregido, Piyali Mukherjee, Anastasia Kuznetsova, and Miloje Savic
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Immunology ,Immunization, Secondary ,Context (language use) ,Class effect ,Interference (genetic) ,Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Pregnancy ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pharmacology ,biology ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Infant ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunization ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Antibody ,business ,Immunity, Maternally-Acquired - Abstract
Maternal immunization with reduced antigen content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap)-containing vaccines has been recommended to prevent infant pertussis. However, maternal antibodies may interfere with infant responses to routine immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP)-containing vaccines, raising concerns of suboptimal protection after infant vaccination. We performed a narrative literature review to assess whether blunting occurs regardless of the manufacturer of maternal and infant vaccines. Because internationally agreed correlates of protection are lacking, the clinical significance of blunting is not yet fully understood. We have reviewed the evidence available to date.Thirteen studies that evaluated blunting after maternal immunization and infant primary/booster series were identified. Blunting was observed with various combinations of Tdap- and DTaP-containing vaccines for maternal and pediatric immunization. Studies assessing the effectiveness of maternal Tdap immunization beyond the primary infant immunization series in England and in the United States suggested no evidence of a clinically relevant blunting effect so far.This review indicates that the phenomenon of blunting does not depend on the manufacturer/brand of the pertussis-containing vaccines used for immunizing mothers or children. Currently, there is no epidemiological evidence that children whose mothers received Tdap are at increased risk of pertussis after pediatric vaccinations, although longer follow-up is required.
- Published
- 2020
14. Australian perceptions of pertussis and vaccine preventable disease in the setting of asthma and COPD
- Author
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Kyu-Bin Oh, Roshnee Randhawa, Julianne Bayliss, Walid Kandeil, Victoria A Jenkins, Michael D. Nissen, and Elisa Turriani
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COPD ,Tetanus ,business.industry ,Respiratory disease ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Vaccination ,medicine ,Risk factor ,business ,Asthma ,Shingles - Abstract
Introduction: Recent data suggest there is significant room for improvement in vaccine coverage rates among Australian adults. It has further been shown that patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are susceptible to infection with, and experience poorer outcomes following diagnosis of pertussis. Aims and Objectives: Measure and track perceptions of pertussis and vaccine preventable disease and understand barriers to the use of these vaccines in individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Methods: Awareness and attitudes towards vaccination were assessed through completion of a nationally representative online survey of Australian General Practitioners (GPs), conducted from 2015-2018. Results: GPs provided vaccination advice to a median of 76 patients per month (range 60-86), representing approximately 10% of total adult patient load. The top three vaccines discussed with patients were influenza, tetanus and shingles. Less than half of all GPs discussed pertussis vaccination with their patients. In those instances where pertussis vaccination was discussed, 69% were related to a patient/family member expecting a baby. Despite being recognized as a risk factor for contracting pertussis, vaccination management of chronic respiratory disease only occurred in 5% of encounters. Conclusions: Despite the availability and broad use of pertussis containing vaccines in the setting of pregnancy and infants, use of these vaccines in Australian adults remains limited. These findings highlight a significant opportunity to improve awareness and uptake of pertussis containing vaccines in individuals with chronic respiratory disease.
- Published
- 2019
15. The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review
- Author
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Diana Avramioti, Petar Atanasov, Josephine Fu, X. Li, Walid Kandeil, and Nadia Demarteau
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Whooping Cough ,Immunology ,Immunization, Secondary ,Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Drug Discovery ,Epidemiology ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Whooping cough ,Aged ,Pharmacology ,Aged, 80 and over ,Pertussis Vaccine ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Systematic review ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Molecular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine-preventable disease; however, neither natural- nor vaccine-induced protection is life-long. Although generally not severe in adults, pertussis can be associated with complications in patients with chronic conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can be readily transmitted to more vulnerable populations, including neonates before they complete their primary vaccination. Furthermore, as the global population ages, the health and economic burden of the disease is expected to rise. Areas covered: A systematic literature review was conducted to ascertain the current epidemiological and financial burden of pertussis in older adults and to discuss the potential value of a booster vaccination in this population. Expert commentary: Our review indicates a considerable underestimation of the pertussis burden amongst older adults. Seroprevalence studies consistently demonstrate that the reported incidence may be much lower than the actual incidence. Tetanus toxoid-reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines are immunogenic in older adults, induce high booster responses and are well-tolerated. There is therefore a good rationale for the advocacy of booster pertussis vaccination throughout life to prevent pertussis infection and its transmission, especially in adults aged ≥50 years.
- Published
- 2019
16. Maternal immunization: where are we now and how to move forward?
- Author
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Linda Hanssens, David Prado-Cohrs, Jacqueline M. Miller, Valentine Franck, Ilse Dieussaert, Andrew Vyse, Ivo Vojtek, Walid Kandeil, Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, and T. Mark Doherty
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vaccination Coverage ,Whooping Cough ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Passive immunity ,Mass Vaccination ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunity ,Pregnancy ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Tetanus Toxoid ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,Pertussis Vaccine ,education.field_of_study ,Tetanus ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vaccination ,Pregnancy Complications ,Vaccines, Inactivated ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,Influenza Vaccines ,Female ,business ,Postpartum period - Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with elevated risks to both mother and infant from infectious disease. Vaccination of pregnant women, also called maternal immunization, has the potential to protect pregnant women, foetuses and infants from several vaccine-preventable diseases. Maternal immunoglobulin G antibodies are actively transferred through the placenta to provide passive immunity to new-borns during the first months of life, until the time for infant vaccinations or until the period of greatest susceptibility has passed. Currently, inactivated influenza, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines are recommended during pregnancy in many countries, but other vaccines may also be administered to pregnant women when risk factors are present. Several new vaccines with a specific indication for use during pregnancy are under development (e.g. respiratory syncytial virus and group B streptococcus vaccines). Years of experience suggest that maternal immunization against influenza, tetanus or pertussis has an acceptable safety profile, is well tolerated, effective and confers significant benefits to pregnant women and their infants. This review describes the principles of maternal immunization and provides an update of the recent evidence regarding the use and timing of maternal immunization. Finally, the barriers preventing wider vaccination coverage and the current limitations in addressing these are also described (Supplementary Material).Key messagesMaternal immunization gives pregnant women greater protection against infectious diseases; induces high levels of maternal antibodies that can be transferred to the foetus; and helps protect new-borns during their first months of life, until they are old enough to be vaccinated.Pregnant women and new-borns are more vulnerable to infectious diseases than the overall population; nevertheless, vaccination rates are often low in pregnant women.This review provides an update of the recent evidence regarding the use and timing of maternal immunization and describes the barriers preventing wider vaccination uptake and the current limitations in addressing these. Maternal immunization gives pregnant women greater protection against infectious diseases; induces high levels of maternal antibodies that can be transferred to the foetus; and helps protect new-borns during their first months of life, until they are old enough to be vaccinated. Pregnant women and new-borns are more vulnerable to infectious diseases than the overall population; nevertheless, vaccination rates are often low in pregnant women. This review provides an update of the recent evidence regarding the use and timing of maternal immunization and describes the barriers preventing wider vaccination uptake and the current limitations in addressing these.
- Published
- 2018
17. Gastroenteritis attributable to rotavirus in hospitalized Saudi Arabian children in the period 2007–2008
- Author
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Mohamed Khalil, Sameh Anis, Moujahed Kao, Walid Kandeil, Robert Pawinski, Noura Al-Kaiedi, Rodrigo DeAntonio, Kusuma Gopala, Leen Jan Van Doorn, Ibrahim Al Olayan, Hatim Alhani, and Esam I. Azhar
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,education ,Saudi Arabia ,medicine.disease_cause ,disease burden ,rotavirus ,RVGE ,Rotavirus ,Epidemiology ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,epidemiology ,Clinical Epidemiology ,business ,Disease burden ,geographic locations ,Original Research - Abstract
Mohamed Khalil,1 Esam Azhar,2,3 Moujahed Kao,3 Noura Al-Kaiedi,3 Hatim Alhani,4 Ibrahim Al Olayan,5 Robert Pawinski,6,7 Kusuma Gopala,8 Walid Kandeil,7 Sameh Anis,7,9 Leen Jan Van Doorn,10 Rodrigo DeAntonio7 1Public Health and Research Development, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 3Special Infectious Agents Unit, Bio-Safety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 5Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; 6Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Slough, UK; 7GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium; 8GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; 9AbbVie Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 10DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, the Netherlands Purpose: Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in children across the world. As there is a lack of epidemiological data for RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) in Saudi Arabia, this hospital-based study was designed to estimate the disease burden of RVGE and assess the prevalent RV types in Saudi children younger than 5 years of age.Patients and methods: Children hospitalized for acute GE were enrolled at four pediatric referral hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from February 2007 to March 2008 and used the World Health Organization's generic protocol for RVGE surveillance. The Vesikari severity scale was used to assess the severity of RVGE. Stool samples were tested for RV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were further typed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and hybridization assay for determining the G and P types.Results: A total of 1,007 children were enrolled; the final analysis included 970 children, of whom 395 were RV positive, 568 were RV negative, and seven had unknown RV status. The proportion of RVGE among GE hospitalizations was 40.7% (95% confidence interval: 37.6–43.9). The highest percentage of RVGE hospitalizations (83.1%) was seen in children younger than 2 years of age. The highest proportion of RV among GE hospitalizations was in June 2007 with 57.1%. The most common RV types detected were G1P[8] (49.3%), G1G9P[8] (13.2%), and G9P[8] (9.6%). Before hospitalization, severe GE episodes occurred in 88.1% RV-positive and 79.6% RV-negative children. Overall, 94% children had recovered by the time they were discharged. Two children (one RV positive and one RV negative) died due to GE complications.Conclusion: RVGE is responsible for a high proportion of hospitalizations in Saudi children younger than 5 years of age. Routine RV vaccination has therefore been introduced into the national immunization program and may help reduce the morbidity, mortality, and disease burden associated with RVGE in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: disease burden, Saudi Arabia, rotavirus, RVGE, epidemiology
- Published
- 2015
18. Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution among women attending routine gynecological examinations in Saudi Arabia
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Rodrigo DeAntonio, Murad Al-Aker, Wim Quint, Ismail A. Al-Badawi, Abdulaziz Alobaid, Walid Kandeil, Kusuma Gopala, and Hanan M. Al-Kadri
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Human papillomavirus ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Saudi Arabia ,Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Young Adult ,Age Distribution ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Young adult ,Papillomaviridae ,education ,Cervical cancer ,Gynecology ,Vaginal Smears ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Public health ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Vaccination ,HPV infection ,Age Factors ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Women's Health Services ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Gynecological Examination ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by persistent infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types. In Saudi Arabia which has a population of 6.5 million women over the age of 15 years, approximately 152 new cases of CC are diagnosed and 55 women die from the disease annually. Nevertheless current epidemiological data for HPV in this population are limited. This study evaluated the prevalence and type distribution of HPV and documented the awareness of HPV infection and health-related behavior among Saudi and non-Saudi women attending routine examination. Methods This was an observational, epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted between April 2010 and December 2011 at three hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Cervical samples from women aged ≥15 years, who were attending routine gynecological examinations were collected and tested for HPV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction and typed using the SPF10 DEIA/LiPA25 system. Two questionnaires on health-related behavior and awareness of HPV infection were completed. Results A total of 417 women, mean age (standard deviation) 41.9 (±10.4) years, were included in the final analysis, of whom 77% (321/417) were Saudi nationals. HPV-DNA was detected in 9.8% women (41/417, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1-13.1). The prevalence of any HR-HPV by age was: 25–34 years: 3.0%; 35–44 years: 4.5%; 45–54 years: 3.2%; >55 years: 10.9%. The most prevalent HR-HPV-types were: HPV-68/73 (5 cases); HPV-18 (4 cases); HPV-16 (3 cases). The most prevalent low risk (LR) types were HPV-6 (4 cases); HPV-42, HPV-53 and HPV-54 (2 cases each). The prevalence of HPV was higher among non-Saudi nationals vs. Saudi nationals (16.7% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.0234). No statistically significant risk factors were identified: 32.2% (101/314) women were aware of HPV and 89.9% (285/317) showed an interest in HPV vaccination. Conclusion The overall prevalence of HPV was 9.8% in Saudi Arabia, but was higher in women over 55 years, as well as in non-Saudi nationals. These data provide a reference for public health authorities and may also help in determining future policies for the prevention of CC. Clinical trial registration NCT01213459 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0643-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2014
19. A prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in Saudi children younger than 5 years of age
- Author
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Khalid A. Al-Mazrou, Atef M. Shibl, Walid Kandeil, Cinzia Marano, and Jean-Yves Pirçon
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Male ,Tympanic Membrane ,Antibiotic resistance ,Antibiotics ,Cefotaxime ,Acute otitis media ,medicine.disease_cause ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Moraxella catarrhalis ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Tympanocentesis ,Prospective Studies ,Treatment Failure ,Child ,biology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Treatment Outcome ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Female ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Haemophilus Infections ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,medicine.drug_class ,Moraxellaceae Infections ,Saudi Arabia ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Penicillins ,Pneumococcal Infections ,Article ,Microbiology ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Cefuroxime ,business.industry ,Infant ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,biology.organism_classification ,Penicillin ,Otitis Media ,business - Abstract
Background Information regarding acute otitis media (AOM) aetiology is important for developing effective vaccines. Here, bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of AOM were determined in young Saudi children. Methods Children aged 3–60 months with a new episode of AOM, who had not received antibiotics or had received antibiotics for 48–72 h but remained symptomatic, were enrolled in this prospective, observational, epidemiological study in Riyadh. Middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected by tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea, and tested for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pyogenes and Moraxella catarrhalis . Antimicrobial susceptibility of the identified pathogens was assessed using E -tests. Results Between June 2009 and May 2011, 66 children were enrolled. S. pneumoniae was detected in 6 episodes and non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in 8 episodes. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus , which is an uncommon cause of AOM, was detected in 17 episodes. Pneumococcal serotypes were 7F ( n = 2), 23F ( n = 2), 19F ( n = 1) and 15F ( n = 1). Susceptibility to cefotaxime was observed in all pneumococcal and H. influenzae isolates, to cefuroxime in 4/6 pneumococcal and 8/8 H. influenzae isolates, and to penicillin in 5/6 pneumococcal isolates. Conclusions S. pneumoniae and NTHi were major bacterial contributors for AOM in Saudi children.
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- 2014
20. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Saudi Arabian children younger than 5years of age
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Yagob Almazrou, Sameh Anis, Riyadh Alkhlaif, Atef M. Shibl, Walid Kandeil, William P. Hausdorff, and Jean-Yves Pirçon
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Male ,Serotype ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Population ,Saudi Arabia ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pneumococcal Infections ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Epidemiology ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,education ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Invasive pneumococcal disease ,Drug Resistance, Multiple ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Vaccination ,Multi-drug resistance ,Pneumococcal vaccine ,Child, Preschool ,Original Article ,Female ,business - Abstract
This study evaluated the incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Saudi Arabian children. This multicenter, prospective, clinical surveillance study included children under 5years of age, residents of one of the seven study health areas, who were brought to a study hospital with suspicion of IPD. Bacterial isolates from sterile site samples, collected less than 24h after hospital visit/admission, were identified, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Between June 2007 and January 2009, 631 episodes of suspected IPD were recorded, and 623 were included in the analysis. One child (0.2%) had previously received one dose of a pneumococcal vaccine. Forty-seven episodes were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae and three for Haemophilus influenzae. The incidence of confirmed IPD cases was estimated to be 2.5–21.6 per 100,000 children (
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