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Abstract Analysis of the genetic variation of an endangered population is an important component for the success of conservation. Animals from two local Romanian pig breeds, the Mangalitsa and Bazna, were analysed for variation at a number of genetic loci using PCR-based DNA tests. Polymorphism was assessed at loci which 1) are known to cause phenotypic variation, 2) are potentially involved in trait differences or 3) are putative candidate genes. The traits considered are disease resistance, growth, coat colour, meat quality and prolificacy. Even though the populations are small and the markers are limited to specific genes, we found significant differences in five of the ten characterised loci. In some cases the observed allele frequencies were interesting in relation to gene function and the phenotype of the breed. These breeds are part of a conservation programme in Romania and marker information may be useful in preserving a representative gene pool in the populations. The use of polymorphisms in type 1 (gene) markers may be a useful complement to analysis based on anonymous markers.

The article focuses on the application of the advanced micro bioreactor system (ambr) developed by the Automation Partnership (TAP) when designing a qualitative and quantitative mimic for early process development. The bioreactor system utilizes 24 disposable bioreactors controlled by an automated workstation wherein each bioreactor contains a 10-15 milliliter (ml) working volume and its contents are moved by an internal impeller. Experiment were conducted to determine if ambr system does not replicate the characteristics of classical bioreactors at micro-scale, comparing cell viability and antibody titre.

Background: There have been changes to the criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5 and changes are proposed for ICD-11., Aims: To investigate the impact of the changes to diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM-5 and the proposed changes in ICD-11 using a large multisite trauma-exposed sample and structured clinical interviews., Method: Randomly selected injury patients admitted to four hospitals were assessed 72 months post trauma (n = 510). Structured clinical interviews for PTSD and major depressive episode, as well as self-report measures of disability and quality of life were administered., Results: Current prevalence of PTSD under DSM-5 scoring was not significantly different from DSM-IV (6.7% v. 5.9%, z = 0.53, P = 0.59). However, the ICD-11 prevalence was significantly lower than ICD-10 (3.3% v. 9.0%, z = -3.8, P<0.001). The PTSD current prevalence was significantly higher for DSM-5 than ICD-11 (6.7% v. 3.3%, z = 2.5, P = 0.01). Using ICD-11 tended to show lower rates of comorbidity with depression and a slightly lower association with disability., Conclusions: The diagnostic systems performed in different ways in terms of current prevalence rates and levels of comorbidity with depression, but on other broad key indicators they were relatively similar. There was overlap between those with PTSD diagnosed by ICD-11 and DSM-5 but a substantial portion met one but not the other set of criteria. This represents a challenge for research because the phenotype that is studied may be markedly different according to the diagnostic system used., (Royal College of Psychiatrists.)

Background: The key to life after stroke is to harness the best secondary preventive strategies and maximise functional outcome., Objective: This article discusses key assessment and secondary prevention strategies for the initial, and subsequent, general practitioner visits by patients poststroke., Discussion: Key to successful community medical treatment is an accurate diagnosis of the index event, as secondary preventive strategies differ depending on the pathology of stroke. There are hundreds of evidence based rehabilitation strategies to help improve aspects of stroke disability, and there is now good evidence to be more optimistic about brain recovery. Rehabilitation strategies can be effective after hospital discharge, and can help improve function should this deteriorate long after the initial stroke. Sadly, some people are left very disabled after stroke. When there is no prospect of further functional recovery, priorities should switch to overseeing complex care plans and providing appropriate comfort measures.