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[Display omitted] Molecules containing C–N bonds are of paramount importance in a diverse array of organic-based materials, natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and agricultural chemicals. Biocatalytic C–N bond-forming reactions represent powerful strategies for producing these valuable targets, and their significance in the field of synthetic chemistry has steadily increased over the past decade. In this review, we provide a concise overview of recent advancements in the development of C–N bond-forming enzymes, with a particular emphasis on the inherent chemistry involved in these enzymatic processes. Overall, these enzymatic systems have proven their potential in addressing long-standing challenges in traditional small-molecule catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The controversy surrounding Roux-en-Y (R-Y) and Billroth II with Braun (BII + B) reconstruction as an anti-bile reflux procedure after distal gastrectomy has persisted. Recent studies have demonstrated their efficacy, but the long-term outcomes and postoperative quality of life (QoL) among patients have yet to be evaluated. Therefore, we compared the short-term and long-term outcomes of the two procedures as well as QoL. Methods: The clinical data of 151 patients who underwent total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) at the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of the Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 57 cases with Roux-en-Y procedure (R-Y group) and 94 cases with Billroth II with Braun procedure were included (BII + B group). Operative and postoperative conditions, early and late complications, endoscopic outcomes at year 1 and year 3 after surgery, nutritional indicators, and quality of life scores at year 3 postoperatively were compared between the two groups. Results: The R-Y group recorded a significantly longer operative time (194.65 ± 21.52 vs. 183.88 ± 18.02 min) and anastomotic time (36.96 ± 2.43 vs. 27.97 ± 3.74 min) compared to the BII + B group (p < 0.05). However, no other significant differences were observed in terms of perioperative variables, including blood loss (p > 0.05). Both groups showed comparable rates of early and late complications. Endoscopic findings indicated similar food residuals at years 1 and 3 post-surgery for both groups. The R-Y group had a lower occurrence of residual gastritis and bile reflux at year 1 and year 3 after surgery, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Reflux esophagitis was not significantly different between the R-Y and BII + B groups in year 1 after surgery (p = 0.820), but the R-Y group had a lower incidence than the BII + B group in year 3 after surgery (p = 0.023). Nutritional outcomes at 3 years after surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > 0.05). Quality of life scores measured by the QLQ-C30 scale were not significantly different between the two groups. However, on the QLQ-STO22 scale, the reflux score was significantly lower in the R-Y group than in the BII + B group (0 [0, 0] vs. 5.56 [0, 11.11]) (p = 0.003). The rest of the scores were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both R-Y and B II + B reconstructions are equally safe and efficient for TLDG. Nevertheless, the R-Y reconstruction reduces the incidence of residual gastritis, bile reflux, and reflux esophagitis, as well as postoperative reflux symptoms, and provides a better quality of life for patients. R-Y reconstruction is superior to BII + B reconstruction for TLDG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycosides, including two new ones linderruelliosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Lindernia ruellioides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including extensive NMR and MS spectra. In addition, all these compounds were tested for their anti-HBV activity. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed anti-HBV activities, with IC50 values of 54.87, 30.74, and 69.02 μM for HBsAg and 26.70, 5.17, and 7.08 μM for HBeAg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peramivir is an efficacious neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor for treatment of influenza by intravenous administration. However, the efficacy of peramivir toward the H275Y mutant is appreciably reduced. To address this drawback, conjugation of peramivir with caffeic acid is devised in this study to enhance the binding affinity with neuraminidases. The C2-OH group of peramivir is elaborated to link with caffeate derivatives, giving the desired conjugates 8 and 9 that possess potent NA inhibitory activity against both wild-type and H275Y viruses with the IC 50 values in nanomolar range. The molecular modeling reveals that the caffeate moiety of conjugate 9 prefers to reside in the 295-cavity of H275Y neuraminidase, thus providing additional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to compensate the reduced binding affinity of the peramivir moiety due to Glu-276 dislocation in H275Y mutant. In comparison with peramivir, the lipophilicity of conjugates 8 and 9 also increases by incorporation of the caffeate moiety. Thus, conjugates 8 and 9 offer better effect to protect MDCK cells from infection of H275Y virus with low EC 50 value (∼17 nM). Administration of conjugates 8 or 9 by oral gavage is effective in treatment of mice that are infected by lethal dose of wild-type or H275Y influenza viruses. Considering drug metabolism, since the ester linkage in conjugate 8 is susceptible to hydrolysis in plasma, conjugate 9 with robust amide linkage may be a better candidate for development into orally available anti-influenza drug that is also active to mutant viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel Co/Cu/Pb salts of 1,1′-dihydroxy-5,5′-bitetrazole (BTO) were prepared, and their thermal behaviors, decomposition reaction kinetics, thermal safety and thermodynamic parameters were investigated as potential energetic combustion catalysts for propellant. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry had been used to identify the changes in thermal and kinetic behavior of samples. The results outlined three mass loss stages in TG curves, and the major effect of the metal was observed at second stage for decomposition of organic groups. Thermal-kinetic evaluations were carried out by a model-free and a model fitting method. The model-free method indicated that the activation energy follows the order of BTO-Pb > BTO-Cu > BTO-Co. The model fitting analysis of this stage suggested: (1) the thermal decomposition of BTO-Co was an one-dimensional bounding process, and R1, n = 1. The integral form of the reaction mechanism was F( α) = α. (2) The thermal decomposition of BTO-Cu kept to the mechanism of nucleation and growth, respectively, in which n = 4/3. The integral form of the reaction mechanism was F( α) = [−ln(1 − α)]. (3) The thermal decomposition of BTO-Pb was one-dimensional diffusion referring to the 1D, D decelerating reaction mechanism. The integral form of the reaction mechanism was F( α) = α . The thermal safety evaluation and thermodynamic parameters were finally studied. The high value of both self-accelerating decomposition temperature ( T ) (520-550 K) and enthalpy of activation (Δ H ) (200 kJ mol) for the three indicated that they were all of good thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, several design features of Hollow Fibre Membrane Modules have been studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The features studied included the combined effects of packing density, fibre length, fibre inner diameter, as well as the potting thickness, so as to analyse the corresponding changes to the local flux distribution and permeate output flowrate. Under different feed pressures, simulation results showed that the decrease in feed pressure along the membrane fibre was greatly affected by both the fibre length and packing density. In general, fibres packed at 0.5 packing density (i.e. 50% of the total space within the module is occupied by hollow fibres) had the highest permeate flow rate, and the optimum packing densities of longer fibres (Length≥1 m) were lesser than those of shorter fibres. The increase in inner diameter led to a proportional reduction in the permeate pressure, while improving the overall Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) and permeate flowrate. The inner diameter required for optimum output flowrate was dependent on the length of fibre used, in which longer fibres used required a larger inner diameter to ensure optimum output flowrate. Finally, reduction in permeate flowrate caused by potting thickness was found to be proportional to the permeate flowrate at the outlet of the hollow fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Accurate prediction of evaporation behavior of suspended water nanodroplets is a technological gap. • Molecular dynamics predicts the rate of evaporation to be much slower than continuum calculations. • Although molecular dynamics is known to be accurate, it is expensive. • Data-driven model can bridge this gap so that prediction of nanodroplets evaporation behavior is attained at low cost. • Much more data needs to be generated for data-driven model to predict nanodroplets behavior for various applications. Although droplets evaporation is fundamental to many applications and phenomena, accurate prediction of their evaporation trajectory is still a technological gap today. This is even more so for nanodroplets when compared to the macro-sized droplets. Since it is technically challenging to observe real nanodroplets evaporation today, this contribution uses full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to observe and quantify suspended water nanodroplets evaporation. There are two main findings to this contribution. First, it is shown in detail that continuum analysis significantly over predicts the evaporation rate of nanodroplets. This makes continuum analysis unsuitable to predict water nanodroplets' behavior. Secondly, this contribution illustrates the use of data-driven approach that can be used for nanodroplets evaporation behavior prediction, instead of running full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for every different condition, which can be prohibitively expensive. The paper hopes to encourage scientists working in similar field to share their MD results for nanodroplets evaporation to build a data-driven model that could be used to predict nanodroplets evaporation trajectory at a fraction of the cost of full-scale MD simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease attracted worldwide concerns, which severely impairs peoples’ quality of life and is attributed to several life-threatening complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy and retinopathy. The current therapies for DM include mainly oral anti-diabetic drugs and insulin. However, continuous use of these causes insulin resistance and side-effects, and the demand of effective, nontoxic and affordable drugs for DM patients is eager. Several previous studies have shown that non-toxic biological macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides, possess prominent efficacies on DM. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of efforts have been focused on discovering anti-diabetic polysaccharides for the development of effective therapeutics for DM. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-diabetic efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes from 2010 to 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of plant species composition, diversity and soil nutrient availability to different canopysizes and age gaps in a Pinus Massoniana plantation were surveyed in Taizishan, Hubei province, central China. The soil chemical properties of 27 gaps and 3 non-gaps were measured and compared. The study objectives were: (a) confirm whether and when nutrient pulses emerged in small gaps; (b) determine the effects of gap sizes and ages on the soil properties and species diversity in gaps; and (c) determine the response of species diversity to soil nutrient variables in gaps. The understory plants of all canopy gaps and non-gaps were identified. Diversity indices were employed in this study, and the relationship between understory plant diversity and soil chemical properties were analyzed by detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA). The results showed that soil properties and species diversity were significantly impacted by forest gaps, and the effects of the gap ages were more extensive than those of the gap sizes. The nutrient pulses occurred in gaps, but the emergence of nutrient indicators pulses in different age and size gaps was different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient electromagnetic scattering by composite structures is formulated by time-domain combined field integral equations (TDCFIEs). Traditionally, the TDCFIEs are solved by combining the method of moments (MoMs) in space domain and march-on-intime (MoT) scheme in time domain. The space-domain MoM requires two basic functions to represent the electric and magnetic current densities on material interfaces, respectively, and the conventional choice of \hat n\times \mathrm RWG basis function for representing the magnetic current density may not be good in the TDCFIEs. In addition, the MoT scheme has a well-known late-time instability problem, which will aggravate in the surface integral equations with penetrable media. In this communication, the TDCFIEs for composite structures are solved by a different approach in which the Nyström method is used to discretize the space domain, while the Galerkin method with Laguerre basis and testing functions is employed to discretize the time domain. The proposed approach can fully overcome the drawbacks of the traditional approach as demonstrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volvalerine A ( 1 ), a novel N -containing bisesquiterpenoid derivative with a dihydroisoxazole ring, and its possible biosynthetic precursor, 1-hydroxy-1,11,11-trimethyldecahydrocyclopropane azulene-10-one ( 2 ), were isolated from the roots of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia . Their structures and relative configurations were identified using spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 56-year-old woman had fell over herself 4 h prior to her presentation to our hospital. The diagnosis was a subtrochanteric fracture of the right femur ( AO-32- A3). The patient was placed in a supine position was set up on a fracture traction table after general anesthesia. The right leg was placed in abduction while the left leg was positioned so that there was flexion of the knee and hip joint. The C-arm was placed on the left side. The surgical field was sterilized and draped. Deformity and external rotation are always present for this type of fracture, so the first step was to place a joystick in the proximal fragment to correct the external rotation. Then the perfect entry point could be defined by K wire. After inserting guide wire into the canal dreaming was followed. An appropriate nail was selected and inserted. The distal tip of the nail should be located in the cancellous bone. Before inserting the proximal lag screws into the femoral head, the external rotation of the proximal fragment must be corrected by the joystick. The traction was loosened and the distal fragment was pushed towards the proximal side so that the gap between the fragments disappeared. The affected leg was maintained in perfect alignment. Meanwhile, the distal locking screws were inserted using the free hand perfect circle technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Highly dispersed Au NPs without deposition on the external surface or aggregation. [•] High activity and selectivity under solvent-free condition and atmospheric pressure. [•] Facilitated promotion effect of water due to the hydrophilic character of inner face. [•] Great stability and reusability of Au/UiO-66. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Porous micro-sized particles of binary metal oxide (SO4 2−/M1xOy-M2xOy) shell were prepared by template-directed synthesis method employing HCl-treated pollen grains. With 150 m2/g high surface area, these solid acids could provide more acid sites and thus obtain better catalytic activity. Using aromatic nitration as the typical reaction, their catalytic performances were evaluated and showed a significant improvement in both conversion and regioselectivity. Then, with chlorobenzene as substrate, theoretical studies were performed to investigate the interaction between transition metals and chlorobenzene. The results showed that the excellent para-selectivity was closely relative to the metal ion in these solid acids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nardokanshone A (1), a new type of sesquieterpenoid–chalcone hybird, with a 2,3-dihydrofuran ring fusing an aristolane-type sesquiterpenoid and a chalcone, along with its possible bioprecursor, kanshone C (2), together with four known flavones were isolated from Nardostachys chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by quantum chemical DFT calculations. The possible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was also proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The tumor microbiome has been characterized in several malignancies; however, no previous studies have investigated its role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Hence, we explored the tumor microbiome and its association with prognosis in ICC. Methods: One hundred and twenty-one ICC tumor samples and 89 adjacent normal tissues were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbial differences between tumor and adjacent nontumoral liver tissues were assessed. Tumor microbial composition was then evaluated to detect its association with prognosis. Finally, a risk score calculated by the tumor microbiota was accessed by the least absolute shrinkage and selector operator method (Lasso) to predict prognosis of ICC. Results: The tumor microbiome displayed a greater diversity than that in adjacent nontumoral liver tissues. Tumor samples were characterized by a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteriota. Higher tumor microbial α diversity was associated with lymph node metastasis and predicted shortened overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). A total of 11 bacteria were selected to generate the risk score by Lasso. This score showed potential in predicting OS, and was an independent risk factor for OS. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study characterized the tumor microbiome and revealed its role in predicting prognosis in ICC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel temperature-dependent ionic liquid based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl and polyethylene glycol 600 was developed and used in oxidation of alcohols. Various alcohols were oxidized into their corresponding aldehydes or ketones with good yield and selectivity. Owing to the temperature-dependent property of the catalyst, easy recovery was achieved by simple decantation. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition ofSynthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volvalerenol A (1), an unprecedented type of triterpenoid with a 7/12/7 tricyclic ring system, was obtained from the ethanol extracts of the roots of Valeriana hardwickii.The structure and relative configurations were established by comprehensive analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The possible biogenetic pathway of 1was also deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of micro- and nanosulfated zirconia loaded on Fe3O4 or other metal oxides (SO42−/ZrO2-M xO y-Fe3O4 (M=Ti4+, V5+, and Zn2+)) was prepared, characterized, and used in nitration. The nitration conditions with these solid superacids were then optimized to achieve the best regioselectivity and improve the performances of the catalysts as well. In the experimental results, SZTF (SO42−/ZrO2-TiO2-Fe3O4) showed excellent catalytic activity and it increased the surface area of SO42−/ZrO2 by up to 15 %. The increase not only facilitated the generation of NO2+, but also provided more opportunities for metal ions to interact with aromatic compounds. With chlorobenzene as substrate, theoretical research on its geometric parameters, electron clouds, and electron spin density was used to investigate the interaction between transition metals and chlorobenzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic wet air oxidation process, enable to eliminate organic pollutants with non toxic by-product formation, was investigated in micellar system under room condition. Degradation of a series of aromatic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and some N-containing compounds was carried out based on molybdovanadophosphoric polyoxometalates [(CH)N(CH)]PVMoO ( x = 1, 2, 3) catalysts and surfactants. Outstanding results (60-96 % degradation efficiencies) were achieved for most of the tested substrates. And the POM micellar catalysts have an excellent stability and can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for about six times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel magnetically recoverable catalyst in which protonated peroxotungstate was immobilized into a network of cross-linked chitosan with a superparamagnetic Fe3O4 core (Fe3O4–CS/HWO) was prepared, characterized and used in oxidation reactions. With H2O2 as oxidant, a wide range of substrates including olefins, sulfides, amines and allylic alcohols could be oxidized selectively, exhibiting a relatively high utilization percentage of H2O2. Due to the existence of peroxotungstate as well as the magnetic core, both improved catalytic performance and facilitated separation were achieved for the reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel coordination polymer, {[Ni(bib)3](ClO4)2}∞ (1), was synthesized by the reaction of Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O with a linear rigid ligand 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene (bib). In this complex, the homoleptic octahedral nickel(II) node is connected by the rod-like spacer bib into an α-Po framework with larger pcu lattices, which are seemingly surrounded by double walls. The void space provided by the square-shaped channel is filled with another equivalent framework, i.e. complex 1 representing a unique interpenetrating α-Po topology network. Furthermore, magnetic study shows that there exists very weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in the complex. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mononitration of aromatics was performed in a two-phase system using phase-transfer catalyst. The most advantageous conditions for the nitration were determined (temperature, reaction time, the type and amount of phase transfer catalyst, nitrification strength of the nitro-sulfuric acid). From the results, a significant improvement in the selectivity and conversion of the nitration of xylene was observed: the ratio of 4-nitro-m-xylene to 2-nitro-m-xylene was unprecedented increased up to 91.3%:7.7%, the ratio of 4-nitro-o-xylene to 3-nitro-o-xylene was also increased to 71.1%:27.2%; both the conversions were over 96%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Regioselective mononitration of simple aromatic compounds has been investigated with N2O5 as nitrating agent and a new PEG200-based dicationic acidic ionic liquid (PEG200-DAIL) as catalyst. The results of experiments show that this nitration system can significantly improve the para-selectivity of alkyl-benzenes and the ortho-selectivity of halogenated-benzenes. The PEG200-DAIL exhibits recyclable temperature-dependant phase behavior in CCl4 solvent, and it can be recycled without apparent loss of catalytic activity, and only 5% loss of weight is observed after six times recycling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In Arabidopsis, catalase ( CAT) genes encode a small family of proteins including CAT1, CAT2 and CAT3, which catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and play an important role in controlling homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we analyze the expression profiles and activities of three catalases under different treatments including drought, cold, oxidative stresses, abscisic acid and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. Our results reveal that CAT1 is an important player in the removal of H2O2 generated under various environmental stresses. CAT2 and CAT3 are major H2O2 scavengers that contribute to ROS homeostasis in light or darkness, respectively. In addition, CAT2 is activated by cold and drought stresses and CAT3 is mainly enhanced by abscisic acid and oxidative treatments as well as at the senescence stage. These results, together with previous data, suggest that the network of transcriptional control explains how CATs and other scavenger enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase may be coordinately regulated during development, but differentially expressed in response to different stresses for controlling ROS homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present two new schemes for digital steganography of point-sampled geometry in the spatial domain. To the best of our knowledge, our schemes are the first in the literature for such types of geometry. Both schemes employ a principal component analysis to translate the points’ coordinates to the new coordinate system, resulting in a blind approach. In the first scheme, we establish a list of intervals for each axis according to the secret key. We then embed a bit into each interval by changing the points’ position. In the second scheme, we locate a list of macro embedding primitives (MEPs), and then embed c bits at each MEP, instead of a single bit as in the first approach. We validate our schemes with various models in terms of capacity, complexity, visibility, and security. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed schemes are robust against translation, rotation, and scaling operations. In addition, our schemes are fast and can achieve high data capacity with insignificant visual distortion in the stego models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Volvalerenone A (1), a new type of mononorsesquiterpenoid with an unprecedented 5/6/6 tricyclic ring system, was isolated from the roots of Valeriana officinalis, the official species of valerian used in Europe. The structure of volvalerenone A was elucidated based on its spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray crystallography data. The absolute configuration was assigned by the computational method. A possible biosynthetic pathway of volvalerenone A was also proposed. Preliminary biological studies showed that volvalerenone A had weak inhibitory activity on acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and no enhancing activity on nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells was observed at 50μM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is regulated by a phenomenon of quorum sensing (QS). With 5-hydroxyl-3,4-halogenated-5 H -furan-2-ones as beginning, analogs bearing alkyl chains, vinyl bromide, or aromatic rings were designed and synthesized. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against P. aeruginosa was assayed and the biofilm inhibition ratio was determined at different concentrations lower than the MIC. C-5 aromatic substituted furanones showed remarkable biofilm formation as well as inhibition of virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa. Fluorescence report analysis identified the QS regulatory mechanism of the most active compound 29. This study provides us a novel candidate for combating drug resistant bacteria strains by merely inhibiting biofilm formation. Without suppressing the regular life cycle of the bacteria, bacterial resistance mechanisms may not be activated. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ADAR (Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA) proteins are a group of enzymes that play a vital role in RNA editing by converting adenosine to inosine in RNAs. This process is a frequent post-transcriptional event observed in metazoan transcripts. Recent studies indicate widespread dysregulation of ADAR-mediated RNA editing across many immune-related diseases, such as human cancer. We comprehensively review ADARs' function as pattern recognizers and their capability to contribute to mediating immune-related pathways. We also highlight the potential role of site-specific RNA editing in maintaining homeostasis and its relationship to various diseases, such as human cancers. More importantly, we summarize the latest cutting-edge computational approaches and data resources for predicting and analyzing RNA editing sites. Lastly, we cover the recent advancement in site-directed ADAR editing tool development. This review presents an up-to-date overview of ADAR-mediated RNA editing, how site-specific RNA editing could potentially impact disease pathology, and how they could be harnessed for therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the pentazolate anion was successfully prepared, it has gained widespread use and attention. However, due to the demands of industrial production, there is a lack of reported safety studies on the preparation process. We aimed to address this gap by synthesizing the pentazolate anion through a one-step process using hemin as a catalyst. Firstly, the thermal properties of the cyclo-N5− synthesis were experimentally investigated using a reaction calorimeter (RC1). Subsequently, the thermal stability of the mixed materials involved in the synthesis process was examined using an acceleration calorimeter (ARC) and a differential scanning calorimeter. The obtained results revealed that the exothermic reaction during the cyclo-N5− synthesis process was triggered by the dosing step and influenced by the dosing rate. By combining these three thermal analysis methods, we have gained a deeper understanding of the decomposition characteristics and potential process risks associated with the pentazolate anion synthesis. This comprehensive approach provides valuable data and insights for enhancing the engineering safety measures of pentazoles, aiming at minimizing risks in industrial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An acid‐free N‐nitrosation/nitration of the N−H bonds in secondary amines with Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O as the nitroso/nitro source through an electrocatalyzed radical coupling reaction was developed. Cyclic aliphatic amines and N‐heteroaromatic compounds were N‐nitrosated and N‐nitrated, respectively, under mild conditions. Control and competition experiments, as well as kinetic studies, demonstrate that N‐nitrosation and N‐nitration involve two different radical reaction pathways involving N+ and N. radicals. Moreover, the electrocatalysis method enables the preferential activation of the N−H bond over the electrode and thus provides high selectivity for specific N atoms. Finally, this strategy exhibits a broad scope and provides a green and straightforward approach to generate useful N‐nitroso/nitro compounds in good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we show that the quality of the precursor and the thin film preparation strongly affect the optoelectronic properties of the 2D perovskite BA2PbI4. 2D perovskites with alkylammonium organic cations such as butylammonium (BA) are relatively soft structures that exhibit large dynamic disorder and phase variations. Here we show, by a variety of spectroscopy techniques (steady state absorption, photoluminescence and ultrafast transient absorption), that at temperatures below the phase transition (253 K) the material exhibits excitonic features from the room temperature phase (due to incomplete structural transition) and a broadband emission at 560–600 nm (due to self‐trapped excitons) with varied relative intensities depending on the precursors and processing conditions. This suggests that the processing conditions have a large influence on the crystallization and introduction of extrinsic defect impurities directly affecting the optoelectronic properties. Making absolute statements about the properties of BA2PbI4 requires improved control over the materials thin film deposition and a better understanding of the role of the lattice vibrational dynamics and extrinsic defects on the exciton dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 66-year-old woman had sustained crush injury 3 hours prior to her presentation to our hospital. The diagnosis was defined as lateral tibial plateau fracture of the right knee (Schatzker III). Supine position was set up and a pad was put under the affected hip. After sterilization of the surgical field the sterilized sheets were placed beneath the leg in order to be higher than the other side. A rolled sheet was put under the knee joint so that the knee joint was flexed around 30° to 40°. After the surgical field was draped the skin was incised. Iliotibial band was incised by blade (not by electrotomy) and sharp dissection was performed in the Gerdy's tubercle. Capsulotomy was made by cutting the tibial meniscal ligament. Then the meniscus was tagged superiorly and the articular surface was clearly visualized. A window was made in the lateral cortex beneath the plateau, so the impacted fragment was elevated through the window. The metaphyseal void was filled by bone allograft. The placement of the raft-screw plate must be ensured that the raft screws passing the plate could purchase the subchondral bone. After perfect placement of the plate was defined, the femoral distractor was removed and the knee joint was relaxed. It was ensured that the alignment of the lower leg was normal, and then the other screws were inserted. Following placing drainage in the wound the iliotibial band was closed and the subcutaneous soft tissue and skin were closed in layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a catalyzed Biginelli reaction method of the synthesis of Pyrimidinone Derivatives, using a Broensted acidic ionic liquid.

A new catalytic system was developed and applied to the involved in the synthesis of LLM-105, in which protonated peroxotungstate combining chitosan was used as catalyst. With H2O2 as oxidant, good to excellent yields could be achieved in the synthesis of pyrazine-1-oxide, 2,6-dimethoxypyrazine-1-oxide, 2,6-dichloropyrazine-1-oxide, and 2-chloro-6-methoxypyrazine-1-oxide without any addition of trifluoracetic acid, which provided a significant exploration toward novel and environmentally benign synthetic route for LLM-105. Theoretical studies were also carried out with Gaussian 03 to evaluate the oxidation process. All of the calculated data matched well with our experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors present a chemical formula of nardokanshone A, a type of sesquieterpenoid-chalcone hybrid obtained from Nardostachys chinensis, published in the journal "Tetrahedron Letters" in 2013.

A novel temperature-dependent catalytic system involving a TEMPO functionalized imidazolium salt (TBIL) is developed and successfully applied to the selective oxidation of a variety of alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High cathodic transient potentials accelerate the dissolution of metal bipolar plates, and developing corrosion-resistant coatings is imperative. A multilayer coating that C and Ti alternatively dominated the sublayers is fabricated on SS316L (C/Ti/SS). Such an optimized composition and structure significantly expands transpassive potential to 1.6 V and thus offers full protection within the entire working potential range of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. After 10,000 cyclic polarizations with E peak of 1.6 V, a conductive TiO 2 nanofilm forms on the surface and C/Ti/SS achieves a noticeable interfacial contact resistance of 9.43 mΩ∙cm2, highlighting the remarkable commercial application of the novel coating. [Display omitted] • Composite coating with alternating C- and Ti-dominated sublayers is prepared on SS316L. • Optimized composition and structure enhance the E tp to a remarkable 1.6 V. • Conductive TiO 2 nanofilm forms on the top and effectively protects for internal coating. • C/Ti/SS achieves prominent conductivity after 10,000 cyclic polarizations at E peak of 1.6 V. • The novel C/Ti composite coating offers full protection for the metal bipolar plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of phase change materials (PCM) in heatsink designs are gaining attention due to its many favorable properties. Some PCM heatsinks designs have been suggested for use with thermoelectric cooling devices (TECs), however, the heatsink designs are often arbitrary where PCM is just added to voids within the heatsink to improve the thermal properties. There is a need to systematically understand the effects of PCM on TEC performance. While a numerical model is key to such systematic study and optimization, the application involves multiple physical phenomena and the resulting model can be prohibitively expensive to run. In this contribution, a numercical model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is built to predict the performance of PCM heatsink for use with TECs as cooling wearable. Experiments are calibrated and carried out to prescribe the boundary conditions and ensure that the multiphysics phenomena are accurately captured. The numerical methodology described here can be used for design optimizations of PCM heatsinks to be used in conjunction with TECs. Our numerical model shows that for maximum TEC efficiency, the PCM should be kept at a liquid fraction of less than 40%. • A numerical model to predict the performance of PCM heatsink for use with TEC is presented. • Experimental work carefully set up and calibrated to confirm validity of developed numerical model. • The numerical model is well validated with experiment results of TEC on human skin. • The numerical model is designed to be computationally reasonable using CFD. • Results show that PCM liquid fraction should be kept less than 40% for maximum efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title catalyst is successfully applied to the oxidation of a wide set of substrates including olefins, sulfides, amines, and alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C14H13NO, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.2770(7) Å, b = 8.4582(6) Å, c = 13.4430(12) Å, β = 98.199(8)°, V = 1044.05(14) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0484, wRref(F2) = 0.1151, T = 100 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate electromagnetic (EM) analysis for conductive media requires to consider the finite conductivity of the media. Although the problems can be formulated by surface integral equations (SIEs) with an approximate surface impedance, we treat the conductive media as penetrable objects and use volume integral equations (VIEs) to exactly describe their EM features. The VIEs are solved by a point-matching scheme which does not rely on any basis and testing functions and allows the use of nonconforming meshes. Since the VIEs are well-conditioned in general and the integral kernels are free of material parameters, the scheme is flexible to accommodate a wide range of skin depth. Moreover, when the skin depth is small, we can only discretize the skin domain with a current distribution to reduce the cost. For large conductive media, we also incorporate the scheme with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) to accelerate the solution. Typical numerical examples are presented to illustrate the scheme and its effectiveness has been validated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cannulated screw fixation is widely used in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. During surgery, we often face the situation that a guide wire needs to be adjusted because of poor positioning in the femoral neck. It is difficult to adjust the direction of the guide wire in the neck of the femur due to its elasticity. This study developed a practical technique to adjust the guide wire to the correct position. When the direction of insertion of the guide wire has deviated, first, measure the length of the guide wire. Second, select the appropriate cannulated screw based on the measurement, and screw the cannulated screw in along the direction of the guide wire to Ward's triangle. Then return the guide wire to the front of the cannulated screw. At this time, the cannulated screw can be used as a built‐in guide, and a screwdriver can be used to fine‐tune the position of the screw to the optimal direction under the X‐ray guidance. Finally, the cannulated screw is screwed in in this direction until it passes through the Ward triangle area, and the guide wire is inserted. This technique can help doctors insert a guide wire more quickly and accurately, reducing intraoperative injury and the operation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of single- and two-segment fusion for Denis type B spinal fracture. Methods Two female patients with Denis type B L1 vertebral fractures were studied. Both patients had achieved intervertebral fusion by 1 year postoperatively, at which time CT data were collected, including data of one patient before and after removal of pedicle screws and of another whose pedicle screws were not removed. The data were imported into Mimics software and T11- L2 three dimensional models established. After construction of the models, they were imported into ANSYS software. An axial load (260 N) and 10 Nm torque were loaded to simulate the flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation of the spine, respectively. Results There was no significant difference in the average displacement of the spine motion between the two-segment and single-segment fusion patients without removal of pedicle screws. However, for all motion forms, the average displacement of the single-segment fusion patient' spine after removal of pedicle screws was significantly greater than that before removal of pedicle screws and that of the two-segment fusion patient. The average Von Mises stress of T11-12 intervertebral disc of two-segment fusion patient was significantly greater than that of the one-segment fusion patient. Moreover, the average Von Mises stress of T11-12 intervertebral disc of single-segment fusion patient was greater before than after removal of pedicle screws. Conclusion Provided there is satisfactory interbody fusion, removal of pedicle screws after one-segment fusion can increase spinal motion, reduce the stress on adjacent intervertebral discs and delay disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CFD simulation was carried out to study the Saccardo nozzle design in road tunnels. • A tunnel temperature prediction model was developed to study the carry-over effect. • Various nozzle designs were evaluated in terms of nozzle efficiency and power. • Air bleed design showed reduced tunnel temperature and improved nozzle efficiency. • The nozzle efficiency was shown to be highly correlated to the power consumption. Longitudinal ventilation system with Saccardo nozzles has been widely used to ventilate long road tunnels to maintain acceptable air quality and thermal comfort. The design of Saccardo nozzle impacts the ventilation power consumption, nozzle efficiency and momentum exchange in the tunnel, which inherently affects the tunnel air temperature. This paper presents a detailed study of the performance of an optimised Saccardo Nozzle design using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The CFD model was combined with a mono-dimensional temperature prediction model to evaluate the carry-over effects in the tunnel. The impact of various tunnel design parameters was parametrically evaluated to identify the key important geometric parameters that affect the Saccardo nozzle performance. The design of the nozzle was finally optimized under constant power consumption conditions and compared against that in an existing baseline road tunnel. The optimized nozzle design shows a significant reduction in the overall maximum tunnel air temperature. The nozzle efficiency shows a 9% improvement. In addition, an alternative nozzle design was also proposed by introducing air bleeds underneath the Saccardo nozzle. The air bleeds design could further reduce the tunnel air temperature by 6% with a 5% improvement in the nozzle efficiency. The air bleeds design is considered to be a feasible solution to be adopted into the existing tunnel with minimal modification work required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In tibial plateau fractures, the posterolateral segment of the tibia plateau is frequently affected and challenging to treat. Although there are many surgical approaches and fixation methods for the treatment of these fractures, all of these methods have limitations. We designed a new rotational support plate (RSP) and a special pressurizer that can fix the fracture directly via the anterolateral approach. This method is advantageous because it leads to little trauma, involves a simple operation, and has a reliable fixation effect. This study details the technique of treating these fractures with the RSP and special pressurizer and provides the outcomes. Methods: From May 2016 to January 2019, the data of 12 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures treated with the RSP and special pressurizer in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative rehabilitation was advised, knee X-rays were taken at follow-ups, and fracture healing, complications, and knee range of motion were assessed. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were used to evaluate knee function at the last follow-up. Results: The average follow-up time of all patients was 16.5 months (range, 12–25 months). The average bony union time was 3.2 months (range, 3–4.5 months). At the last follow-up, the average knee range of motion was 138° (range, 107–145°). The average HSS score was 91 (range, 64–98). The average KOOS Symptoms score was 90 (range, 75–96). The average KOOS Pain score was 91 (range, 72–97). The average KOOS ADL score was 91 (range, 74–97). The average KOOS sport/recreation score was 83 (range, 70–90). The average KOOS QOL score was 88 (range, 69–93). Skin necrosis, incision infections, and fixation failure did not occur during the follow-up period. Conclusions: With our newly designed RSP and special pressurizer, posterolateral tibial plateau fractures can be easily and effectively reduced and fixed through the anterolateral approach, which serves as a novel treatment for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functionally associated with cancer development and progression. Although gene copy number variation (CNV) is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is not known how CNV in lncRNAs affects HCC progression and recurrence. We aimed to identify a CNV‐related lncRNA involved in HCC progression and recurrence and illustrate its underlying mechanisms and prognostic value. Methods: We analyzed the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of matched cancerous and noncancerous liver samples from 49 patients with HCC to identify lncRNAs with CNV. The results were validated in another cohort of 238 paired HCC and nontumor samples by TaqMan copy number assay. We preformed Kaplan‐Meier analysis and log‐rank test to identify lncRNA CNV with prognostic value. We conducted loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies to explore the biological functions of LINC01133 in vitro and in vivo. The competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) mechanism was clarified by microRNA sequencing (miR‐seq), quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blot, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. We confirmed the binding mechanism between lncRNA and protein by RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, qRT‐PCR, and western blot analyses. Results: Genomic copy numbers of LINC01133 were increased in HCC, which were positively related with the elevated expression of LINC01133. Increased copy number of LINC01133 predicted the poor prognosis in HCC patients. LINC01133 overexpression in HCC cells promoted proliferation and aggressive phenotypes in vitro, and facilitated tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, whereas LINC01133 knockdown had the opposite effects. LINC01133 sponged miR‐199a‐5p, resulting in enhanced expression of SNAI1, which induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells. In addition, LINC01133 interacted with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) to activate the ANXA2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusions: LINC01133 promotes HCC progression by sponging miR‐199a‐5p and interacting with ANXA2. LINC01133 CNV gain is predictive of poor prognosis in patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived CoPd nanoalloys have been prepared. The nanocatalysts exhibited excellent activities in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes and alkenes in green solvent (ethanol/water) under mild conditions (H2 balloon, room temperature). Using ZIF‐67 as template for both carbon matrix and cobalt precursor coating with a mesoporous SiO2 layer, the catalyst CoPd/NC@SiO2 was smoothly constructed. Catalytic results revealed a synergistic effect between Co and Pd components in the hydrogenation process due to the enhanced electron density. The mesoporous SiO2 shell effectively prevented the sintering of hollow carbon and metal NPs at high temperature, furnishing the well‐dispersed nanoalloy catalysts and better catalytic performance. Moreover, the catalyst was durable and showed negligible activity decay in recycling and scale‐up experiments, providing a mild and highly efficient way to access amines and arenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the purpose of searching novel, green and energetic oxidants, polynitro-acetone, polynitro-dimethyl ether, and polynitro-dimethylamine are designed as potential powerful oxidants and energetic materials in this work. Their optimized molecular geometries and electronic structures are calculated using density functional theory at m062x/6-311G++(d,p) level. Based on these results, heat of formation (HOF), detonation energy (Q), detonation velocity (D), and detonation pressure (P) are further evaluated. It is found that the oxygen-rich and chlorine-free compounds with 5 to 6 NO2 groups in molecule can be used as the potential energetic oxidants with high oxygen balance, while those with 3 to 4 NO2 groups are suitable for high-density energetic materials. Furthermore, stability correlations of all the compounds are established according to calculated bond order, natural bond orbital (NBO), bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE), and energy gaps (ΔELUMO–HOMO). Finally, burning rate is also calculated to show their potential application as oxidants in propellants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]