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15 results on '"W.H. Gu"'

1. Bioinformatics-based design of a fusion vaccine with CTLA-4 variable region to combat Brucella

Author

W.H. Guo, Y.J. Zhu, G. Haimiti, X.R. Xie, C. Niu, M. Li, J. Shi, Z.W. Yin, M.K. Yu, J.B. Ding, and F.B. Zhang

Subjects
CTLA-4 extracellular domain, Brucella, Bioinformatics approaches, Fusion vaccine, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Brucellosis has become a global zoonotic disease, seriously endangering the health of people all over the world. Vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against Brucella infection in livestock in developed countries. However, current vaccines are pathogenic to humans and pregnant animals, which limits their use. Therefore, it is very important to improve the safety and immune protection of Brucella vaccine. In this study, different bioinformatics approaches were carried out to predict the physicochemical properties, T/B epitope, and tertiary structure of Omp2b and Omp31. Then, these two proteins were sequentially linked, and the Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) variable region was fused to the N-terminal of the epitope sequence. In addition, molecular docking was performed to show that the structure of the fusion protein vaccine had strong affinity with B7 (B7-1, B7-2). This study showed that the designed vaccine containing CTLA-4 had high potency against Brucella, which could provide a reference for the future development of efficient brucellosis vaccines.

Published
2023
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2. Characterization and Stability of Silver Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions

Author

Jeong-Suk Kim, Jaisoo Kim, B.K. Kim, L.H. Bac, and W.H. Gu

Subjects
Materials science, Aqueous solution, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Transmission electron microscopy, medicine, Analytical chemistry, Particle, Particle size, Absorption (chemistry), Silver nanoparticle, Light scattering, medicine.drug
Abstract

In this work, the silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by electrical explosion of wire in three liquid mediums: deionized water (DIW), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) solutions. Absorption in the UV-visible region of these suspensions was measured in the range of 300-800 nm. A surface plasmon peak was observed at ~400 nm in all suspensions in measured wavelength range. Particle size was analyzed by transmission electron microscope. It showed that the particles had nearly spherical shape in all samples. The average particle sizes prepared in DIW, PVP and SDBS solution were 37, 31 and 27 nm, respectively. Stability of the suspensions was estimated by multiple light scattering method. The presence of PVP and SDBS surfactants in the exploding medium resulted in enhanced stability of the silver suspensions.

Published
2012

3. Optimization of the silicon sensors for the CMS tracker

Author

Piero Giorgio Verdini, Giacomo Sguazzoni, M. Angarano, M. Giorgi, Marco Meschini, Giancarlo Mantovani, S. Braibant, A. Honkanen, Mika Huhtinen, A. Basti, Renato Potenza, A. Marchioro, E. Catacchini, M. Loreti, Fabrizio Palla, K. Luebelsmeyer, Stephen Watts, Geoffrey Hall, Donato Creanza, Alessandro Giassi, A. Papi, Josef Hrubec, B. Checcucci, G. Parrini, K. Freudenreich, A. K. Honma, Alessandro Paccagnella, Roberto Dell'Orso, D. Boemi, Nicola Bacchetta, Andrea Candelori, G. Segneri, A. Giraldo, V. Radicci, M.J. French, St. Koenig, Daniele Passeri, Mário Costa, A. Frey, Alessia Tricomi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, R. Siedling, Cristina Biino, Michel Raymond, Filippo Bosi, Chiara Mariotti, Carlo Civinini, A. Santocchia, Bruno Wittmer, Mara Bruzzi, Giovanna Selvaggi, Werner Lustermann, W.H. Gu, Ernesto Migliore, Marcello Mannelli, F. Rizzo, B. Surrow, S. Busoni, G. M. Bilei, Rino Castaldi, Andrea Castro, A. Kaminsky, A. Caner, M. De Palma, P. Tempesta, B. Mc Evoy, S. Piperov, D. Pandoulas, Z. Xie, A. Bader, M. Lenzi, L. Borello, G. Viertel, A. Fürtjes, Lucia Silvestris, A. Buffini, Natale Demaria, Li Yahong, Sebastiano Albergo, Maria Teresa Brunetti, E. Babucci, T. Tuuva, Marco Pieri, Salvatore My, P. Mättig, F. Raffaelli, G. Maggi, Manfred Krammer, U. Biggeri, Giuseppe Bagliesi, I. Stavitski, Luigi Fiore, Paolo Lariccia, Guido Tonelli, Alberto Messineo, Ettore Focardi, Horst Breuker, Jorma Tuominiemi, A. Starodumov, G. Favro, Veikko Karimäki, G. Martignon, Paolo Ciampolini, Markus Friedl, Dario Bisello, M. Pernicka, Suchandra Dutta, R. Hammarström, Andrea Neviani, Patrizia Azzi, Thomas Hebbeker, L. Servoli, and W. Glessing

Subjects
Radiation damage, Capacitances, High voltage stability, silicon strip detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon detector, Radiation damager, capacitances, high voltage stability, Silicon, CMS, LHC, Particle tracking, chemistry.chemical_element, radiation damage, capacitances, high voltage stability, Irradiation, Instrumentation, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, High voltage, chemistry, radiation damage, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

The CMS experiment at the LHC will comprise a large silicon strip tracker. This article highlights some of the results obtained in the R&D studies for the optimization of its silicon sensors. Measurements of the capacitances and of the high voltage stability of the devices are presented before and after irradiation to the dose expected after the full lifetime of the tracker.

Published
2001

4. New results on silicon microstrip detectors of CMS tracker

Author

Fabrizio Palla, G. Parrini, Paolo Ciampolini, Suchandra Dutta, P. Tempesta, M.J. French, St. Koenig, M. Huhtinen, Daniele Passeri, D. Pandoulas, Stephen Watts, A. Marchioro, Guido Tonelli, M. Lenzi, Alessandro Paccagnella, R. Della Marina, A. Fürtjes, A. Giraldo, Salvatore My, Nicola Bacchetta, Lutz Feld, Lucia Silvestris, Renato Potenza, D. Boemi, A. Papi, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, Sebastiano Albergo, S. Busoni, Ettore Focardi, M. Da Rold, G. M. Bilei, Chiara Mariotti, Giorgio Maggi, Andrea Castro, V. Radicci, Marcello Mannelli, C. Vannini, T. Tuuva, F. Raffaelli, R. Siedling, Marco Pieri, P. Mättig, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, E. Catacchini, Werner Lustermann, M. Loreti, Ernesto Migliore, A. Santocchia, W.H. Gu, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, Gino Bolla, G. Hall, K. Luebelsmeyer, Patrizia Azzi, I. Stavitski, Thomas Hebbeker, Laura Borrello, L. Servoli, B. Mc Evoy, Giuseppe Bagliesi, Filippo Bosi, C. Eklund, Veikko Karimäki, B. Glessing, B. Checcucci, A. Starodumov, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. De Palma, M. Giorgi, Carlo Civinini, Dario Bisello, Giancarlo Mantovani, Z. Xie, G. Viertel, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, Manfred Krammer, Marco Meschini, U. Biggeri, Paolo Lariccia, Rino Castaldi, A. Caner, Donato Creanza, Alberto Messineo, Alessandro Giassi, Josef Hrubec, Horst Breuker, G. Martignon, Natale Demaria, Li Yahong, A. Buffini, A. Kaminsky, S. Piperov, S. Braibant, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, G. Stefanini, K. Freudenreich, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, G. Favro, Andrea Candelori, Alessia Tricomi, Daniela Bortoletto, Giacomo Sguazzoni, M. Angarano, A. Basti, Raffaello D'Alessandro, and Michel Raymond

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Momentum (technical analysis), Silicon, CMS, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, silicon microstrip detectors, radiation damage, Substrate (electronics), Fluence, Capacitance, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Interstrip and backplane capacitances on silicon microstrip detectors with p+ strip on n substrate of 320 μm thickness were measured for pitches between 60 and 240 μm and width over pitch ratios between 0.13 and 0.5. Parametrisations of capacitance w.r.t. pitch and width were compared with data. The detectors were measured before and after being irradiated to a fluence of 4×10 14 protons / cm 2 of 24 GeV /c momentum. The effect of the crystal orientation of the silicon has been found to have a relevant influence on the surface radiation damage, favouring the choice of a 〈1 0 0〉 substrate. Working at high bias (up to 500 V in CMS) might be critical for the stability of detector, for a small width over pitch ratio. The influence of having a metal strip larger than the p+ implant has been studied and found to enhance the stability.

Published
2000

5. Comparative study of (111) and (100) crystals and capacitance measurements on Si strip detectors in CMS

Author

Manfred Krammer, D. Boemi, U. Biggeri, Paolo Lariccia, T. Tuuva, Marco Meschini, Stephen Watts, Luigi Fiore, G. Viertel, D. Pandoulas, F. Raffaelli, Donato Creanza, Paolo Ciampolini, Giovanna Selvaggi, Alessandro Giassi, Guido Tonelli, Josef Hrubec, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, K. Luebelsmeyer, Marco Pieri, P. Mättig, Salvatore My, A. Fürtjes, Ettore Focardi, A. Buffini, Lutz Feld, M. Lenzi, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Rino Castaldi, A. Caner, M. Giorgi, G. Stefanini, G. Hall, Giancarlo Mantovani, Lucia Silvestris, Suchandra Dutta, A. Giraldo, Sebastiano Albergo, B. Checcucci, S. Braibant, Veikko Karimäki, K. Freudenreich, C. Vannini, Horst Breuker, Werner Lustermann, E. Catacchini, B. Glessing, M. Loreti, Ernesto Migliore, V. Radicci, R. Della Marina, Marcello Mannelli, A. Starodumov, Mika Huhtinen, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, Laura Borrello, P. Tempesta, A. Marchioro, A. Kaminsky, Filippo Bosi, S. Busoni, Dario Bisello, B. Mc Evoy, Raffaello D'Alessandro, G. M. Bilei, Renato Potenza, Andrea Castro, Michel Raymond, M. Da Rold, Carlo Civinini, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, Alessandro Paccagnella, Nicola Bacchetta, R. Siedling, I. Stavitski, Giuseppe Bagliesi, Patrizia Azzi, Thomas Hebbeker, A. Santocchia, W.H. Gu, L. Servoli, C. Eklund, G. Martignon, Alberto Messineo, Fabrizio Palla, G. Parrini, M.J. French, St. Koenig, Daniele Passeri, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, Andrea Candelori, S. Piperov, Alessia Tricomi, Giacomo Sguazzoni, M. Angarano, A. Basti, Natale Demaria, Li Yahong, Chiara Mariotti, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, Giorgio Maggi, M. De Palma, and A. Papi

Subjects
Physics, Semiconductor, Backplane, business.industry, Detector, Optoelectronics, Substrate (electronics), Radiation, business, Capacitance, Silicon microstrip detectors
Abstract

For the construction of the silicon microstrip detectors for the Tracker of the CMS experiment, two different substrate choices were investigated: A high-resistivity (6 k cm) substrate with (111) crystalorientation and a low-resistivity (2k cm) one with (100) crystalorientation. The interstrip and backplane capacitances were measured before and after the exposure to radiation in a range of strip pitches from 60 μm to 240 μm and for values of the width-over-pitch ratio between 0.1 and 0.5.

Published
1999

6. Test results of heavily irradiated Si detectors

Author

D. Pandoulas, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, Rino Castaldi, A. Caner, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Marco Meschini, Michel Raymond, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Lutz Feld, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, A. Basti, Andrea Candelori, Alessia Tricomi, A. Giraldo, M. Lenzi, B. Glessing, W.H. Gu, Paolo Ciampolini, J. Connotte, A. Starodumov, Lucia Silvestris, Sebastiano Albergo, G. Stefanini, D. Boemi, Marcello Mannelli, T. Tuuva, K. Freudenreich, F. Raffaelli, Giuseppe Bagliesi, G. M. Bilei, G. Viertel, Andrea Castro, Mika Huhtinen, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, R. Della Marina, Marco Pieri, Fabrizio Palla, P. Bartalini, Bernd Schmitt, G. Raso, Paolo Lariccia, A. Marchioro, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, R. Siedling, S. Piperov, Carlo Civinini, P. Tempesta, Dario Bisello, B. Mc Evoy, M. Da Rold, Mara Bruzzi, I. Stavitski, Horst Breuker, Veikko Karimäki, Y. Wang, Werner Lustermann, G. Martignon, Patrizia Azzi, L. Servoli, C. Eklund, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, Alberto Messineo, K. Luebelsmeyer, Manfred Krammer, Geoffrey Hall, U. Biggeri, B. Checcucci, C. Vannini, E. Catacchini, M. Loreti, Renato Potenza, Guido Tonelli, Salvatore My, Ettore Focardi, M. De Palma, Giorgio Maggi, Stephen Watts, Donato Creanza, Alessandro Giassi, Josef Hrubec, G. Parrini, M.J. French, Laura Borrello, Daniele Passeri, Filippo Bosi, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Giancarlo Mantovani, Alessandro Paccagnella, and Nicola Bacchetta

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, High voltage, Substrate (electronics), Fluence, silicon microstrip detectors, radiation damage, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Silicon microstrip detectors, Voltage
Abstract

A large use of silicon microstrip detectors is foreseen for the intermediate part of the CMS tracker. A specific research and development program has been carried out with the aim of finding design layouts and technological solutions for allowing silicon microstrip detectors to be reliably used on a high radiation level environment. As a result of this work single sided, AC-coupled, polysilicon biased, 300 μ m thick, p + on n substrate detectors were chosen. Irradiation tests have been performed on prototypes up to fluence 2×10 14 n/cm 2 . The detector performances do not significantly change if the detectors are biased well above the depletion voltage. S / N is reduced by less than 20%, still enough to insure a good efficiency and space resolution. Multiguard structures has been developed in order to reach high voltage operation (above 500 V).

Published
1999

7. Test results on heavily irradiated silicon detectors for the CMS experiment at LHC

Author

Donato Creanza, Alessandro Giassi, Josef Hrubec, Alessandro Paccagnella, A. Marchioro, Nicola Bacchetta, M. Angarano, R. Della Marina, B. Glessing, A. Starodumov, C. Vannini, M. Da Rold, S. Braibant, E. Catacchini, M. Loreti, Laura Borrello, M. De Palma, R. Siedling, Filippo Bosi, Paolo Lariccia, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, K. Luebelsmeyer, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Natale Demaria, Michel Raymond, Fabrizio Palla, Marco Pieri, P. Mättig, G. Raso, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, G. Parrini, Marco Meschini, B. Checcucci, Horst Breuker, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, P. Bartalini, W.H. Gu, Piero Giorgio Verdini, A. Basti, G. Viertel, D. Pandoulas, G. Hall, Chiara Mariotti, M.J. French, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, I. Stavitski, Giuseppe Bagliesi, A. Fürtjes, Renato Potenza, D. Boemi, G. Stefanini, Mika Huhtinen, Giorgio Maggi, Rino Castaldi, F. Rizzo, St. Koenig, Giancarlo Mantovani, Daniele Passeri, A. Caner, Lutz Feld, G. M. Bilei, P. Tempesta, C. Eklund, A. Giraldo, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, Andrea Castro, Andrea Candelori, Carlo Civinini, K. Freudenreich, Alessia Tricomi, Alberto Messineo, Marcello Mannelli, A. Kaminsky, Manfred Krammer, U. Biggeri, S. Piperov, Paolo Ciampolini, Guido Tonelli, Salvatore My, Ettore Focardi, Dario Bisello, M. Lenzi, Werner Lustermann, Lucia Silvestris, Sebastiano Albergo, B. Mc Evoy, T. Tuuva, F. Raffaelli, Suchandra Dutta, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, Patrizia Azzi, Thomas Hebbeker, Veikko Karimäki, L. Servoli, Y. Wang, G. Martignon, and Stephen Watts

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Biasing, Capacitance, Particle detector, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Irradiation, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Leakage (electronics)
Abstract

We report selected results of laboratory measurements and beam tests of heavily irradiated microstrip silicon detectors. The detectors were single-sided devices, produced by different manufacturers and irradiated with different sources, for several total ionizing doses and fluences up to 4 /spl times/10/sup 14/ 1-MeV-equivalent neutrons per cm/sup 2/. Strip resistance and capacitance, detector leakage currents and breakdown performance were measured before and after irradiations. Signal-to-noise ratio and detector efficiency were studied in beam tests, for different values of the detector temperature and of the read-out pitch, as a function of the detector bias voltage. The goal of these test is to optimise the design of the final prototypes for the Silicon Strip Tracker of the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC collider.

Published
2002

8. CMS silicon tracker developments

Author

D. Pandoulas, Werner Lustermann, A. Marchioro, A. Fürtjes, Paolo Lariccia, Lutz Feld, Piero Giorgio Verdini, B. Glessing, D. Boemi, M. Da Rold, B. Mc Evoy, M. Giorgi, Suchandra Dutta, A. Buffini, A. Starodumov, Giancarlo Mantovani, Paolo Ciampolini, Stephen Watts, Marco Meschini, Fabrizio Palla, I. Stavitski, G. Hall, Mika Huhtinen, T. Tuuva, Donato Creanza, G. Parrini, F. Raffaelli, R. Della Marina, Alessandro Giassi, Z. Xie, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Josef Hrubec, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, Chiara Mariotti, Carlo Civinini, K. Freudenreich, P. Tempesta, M. Angarano, A. Bader, Laura Borrello, M.J. French, Filippo Bosi, R. Siedling, St. Koenig, Veikko Karimäki, Daniele Passeri, Manfred Krammer, U. Biggeri, Giorgio Maggi, Rino Castaldi, M. De Palma, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Michel Raymond, M. Lenzi, A. Santocchia, W.H. Gu, A. Caner, C. Eklund, A. K. Honma, Natale Demaria, A. Basti, A. Kaminsky, Li Yahong, Guido Tonelli, Lucia Silvestris, Salvatore My, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, S. Braibant, Sebastiano Albergo, Ettore Focardi, Alberto Messineo, Horst Breuker, Ernesto Migliore, S. Piperov, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, G. Martignon, A. Papi, Roberto Dell'Orso, Alessandro Paccagnella, Marco Pieri, Andrea Candelori, P. Mättig, Bruno Wittmer, Nicola Bacchetta, Alessia Tricomi, Dario Bisello, B. Surrow, A. Frey, Giuseppe Bagliesi, G. Stefanini, S. Busoni, G. M. Bilei, Andrea Castro, R. Hammarström, Patrizia Azzi, Thomas Hebbeker, L. Servoli, G. Viertel, A. Giraldo, V. Radicci, Marcello Mannelli, Renato Potenza, K. Luebelsmeyer, B. Checcucci, C. Vannini, E. Catacchini, and M. Loreti

Subjects
Physics, Radiation hardness, Silicon, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CMS experiment, business.industry, Tracker, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Microstrip, Instrumentation, silicon detectors, radiation damage, chemistry, Electronic engineering, Optoelectronics, business, Radiation hardening
Abstract

The CMS Silicon tracker consists of 70 m 2 of microstrip sensors which design will be finalized at the end of 1999 on the basis of systematic studies of device characteristics as function of the most important parameters. A fundamental constraint comes from the fact that the detector has to be operated in a very hostile radiation environment with full efficiency. We present an overview of the current results and prospects for converging on a final set of parameters for the silicon tracker sensors.

Published
2002

9. Performance of CMS silicon microstrip detectors with the APV6 readout chip

Author

A. Giraldo, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, Stephen Watts, M.J. French, St. Koenig, Daniele Passeri, A. Buffini, Donato Creanza, Alessandro Giassi, V. Radicci, Marcello Mannelli, Josef Hrubec, T. Tuuva, Natale Demaria, Li Yahong, M. De Palma, P. Tempesta, R. Della Marina, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, F. Raffaelli, Dario Bisello, Manfred Krammer, A. Marchioro, G. Viertel, U. Biggeri, E. Focardi, Mika Huhtinen, S. Busoni, G. M. Bilei, S. Braibant, G. Stefanini, Andrea Castro, Paolo Lariccia, Fabrizio Palla, P. Mättig, M. Loreti, M. Da Rold, Veikko Karimäki, G. Parrini, K. Freudenreich, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, R. Siedling, Guido Tonelli, Marco Pieri, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Marco Meschini, Salvatore My, Michel Raymond, I. Stavitski, A. Santocchia, W.H. Gu, Giuseppe Bagliesi, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, K. Luebelsmeyer, B. Glessing, B. Mc Evoy, A. Kaminsky, A. Starodumov, D. Pandoulas, Carlo Civinini, M. Lenzi, Paolo Ciampolini, S. Piperov, Lucia Silvestris, Rino Castaldi, D. Boemi, A. Caner, Sebastiano Albergo, A. Fürtjes, W. Lustermann, Horst Breuker, Lutz Feld, A. Papi, Chiara Mariotti, Geoffrey Hall, Giorgio Maggi, B. Checcucci, C. Vannini, E. Catacchini, Renato Potenza, G. Martignon, C. Eklund, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, Alberto Messineo, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, Suchandra Dutta, Andrea Candelori, Alessia Tricomi, Giacomo Sguazzoni, M. Angarano, A. Basti, Patrizia Azzi, Thomas Hebbeker, Laura Borrello, Filippo Bosi, L. Servoli, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. Giorgi, Giancarlo Mantovani, Alessandro Paccagnella, and Nicola Bacchetta

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Ranging, Chip, Signal, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Electronics, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We present results obtained with full-size wedge silicon microstrip detectors bonded to APV6 (Raymond et al., Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments, CERN/LHCC/97-60) readout chips. We used two identical modules, each consisting of two crystals bonded together. One module was irradiated with 1.7×10 14 neutrons/cm 2 . The detectors have been characterized both in the laboratory and by exposing them to a beam of minimum ionizing particles. The results obtained are a good starting point for the evaluation of the performance of the “ensemble” detector plus readout chip in a version very similar to the final production one. We detected the signal from minimum ionizing particles with a signal-to-noise ratio ranging from 9.3 for the irradiated detector up to 20.5 for the non-irradiated detector, provided the parameters of the readout chips are carefully tuned.

Published
2000

10. The R&D program for silicon detectors in CMS

Author

Manfred Krammer, Luigi Fiore, W.H. Gu, U. Biggeri, R. Della Marina, Giovanna Selvaggi, R. Siedling, B. Glessing, Marco Meschini, G. M. Bilei, A. Starodumov, Natale Demaria, Andrea Castro, Guido Tonelli, B. Mc Evoy, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Michel Raymond, Salvatore My, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, M. Lenzi, Ettore Focardi, G. Martignon, Suchandra Dutta, Stephen Watts, Mika Huhtinen, Lucia Silvestris, Paolo Ciampolini, Donato Creanza, Rino Castaldi, M. Angarano, A. Caner, C. Vannini, Sebastiano Albergo, I. Stavitski, A. Marchioro, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, Alessandro Giassi, Josef Hrubec, Fabrizio Palla, T. Tuuva, Alessandro Paccagnella, Andrea Candelori, E. Catacchini, G. Parrini, M. Loreti, F. Raffaelli, M. Da Rold, Nicola Bacchetta, Patrizia Azzi, G. Hall, Thomas Hebbeker, M.J. French, L. Servoli, Alessia Tricomi, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, St. Koenig, Paolo Lariccia, K. Luebelsmeyer, Daniele Passeri, S. Braibant, G. Raso, Laura Borrello, Filippo Bosi, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Werner Lustermann, B. Checcucci, Horst Breuker, C. Eklund, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Chiara Mariotti, Giancarlo Mantovani, Renato Potenza, A. Basti, G. Stefanini, Alberto Messineo, Giorgio Maggi, D. Pandoulas, P. Tempesta, A. Fürtjes, A. Kaminsky, Lutz Feld, Dario Bisello, S. Piperov, Veikko Karimäki, Y. Wang, K. Freudenreich, Giuseppe Bagliesi, Carlo Civinini, M. De Palma, G. Viertel, A. Giraldo, Marcello Mannelli, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, D. Boemi, Marco Pieri, P. Mättig, and P. Bartalini

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Radiation resistant, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Semiconductor, chemistry, Test beam, Electronic engineering, business, Instrumentation, Radiation resistance
Abstract

This paper describes the main achievements in the development of radiation resistant silicon detectors to be used in the CMS tracker. After a general description of the basic requirements for the operation of large semiconductor systems in the LHC environment, the issue of radiation resistance is discussed in detail. Advantages and disadvantages of the different technological options are presented for comparison. Laboratory measurements and test beam data are used to check the performance of several series of prototypes fabricated by different companies. The expected performance of the final detector modules are presented together with preliminary test beam results on system prototypes.

Published
1999

11. The CMS silicon microstrip detectors: research and development

Author

A. Giraldo, Carlo Civinini, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, Manfred Krammer, Fabrizio Palla, U. Biggeri, Mika Huhtinen, Stephen Watts, G. Stefanini, G. Parrini, Donato Creanza, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Veikko Karimäki, R. Della Marina, C. Vannini, Marcello Mannelli, Y. Wang, Alessandro Giassi, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, A. Bader, Josef Hrubec, S. Piperov, Giancarlo Mantovani, Alberto Messineo, Horst Breuker, G. M. Bilei, A. Marchioro, Andrea Castro, I. Stavitski, M.J. French, Guido Tonelli, E. Catacchini, T. Tuuva, Rino Castaldi, B. Schmitt, R. Siedling, Mara Bruzzi, A. Caner, M. Loreti, Daniele Passeri, F. Raffaelli, Giuseppe Bagliesi, Salvatore My, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, B. Glessing, Ettore Focardi, P. Tempesta, Alessandro Paccagnella, M. Da Rold, K. Freudenreich, A. Starodumov, G. Viertel, Nicola Bacchetta, W.H. Gu, Marco Meschini, G. Martignon, K. Luebelsmeyer, M. Lenzi, Werner Lustermann, Lucia Silvestris, Laura Borrello, Sebastiano Albergo, Filippo Bosi, Paolo Ciampolini, J. Connotte, D. Pandoulas, Patrizia Azzi, Paolo Lariccia, C. Eklund, Geoffrey Hall, L. Servoli, G. Raso, Lutz Feld, B. Mc Evoy, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, B. Checcucci, Renato Potenza, Dario Bisello, M. De Palma, Giorgio Maggi, Giacomo Sguazzoni, A. Basti, K. Skog, Roberto Dell'Orso, Andrea Candelori, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Alessia Tricomi, Michel Raymond, Marco Pieri, P. Bartalini, and D. Boemi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), Engineering physics, Characterization (materials science), Reliability (semiconductor), chemistry, Test beam, Instrumentation, Silicon microstrip detectors, Voltage
Abstract

A large quantity of silicon microstrip detectors is foreseen to be used as part of the CMS tracker. A specific research and development program has been carried out with the aim of defining layouts and technological solutions suitable for the use of silicon detectors in high radiation environment. Results presented here summarise this work on many research areas such as techniques for device manufacturing, pre- and post-irradiation electrical characterization, silicon bulk defects analysis and simulations, system performance analytical calculations and simulations and test beam analysis. As a result of this work we have chosen to use single-sided, AC-coupled, poly silicon biased, 300 μm thick, p + on n substrate detectors. We feel confident that these devices will match the required performances for the CMS tracker provided they can be operated at bias voltages as high as 500 V. Such high-voltage devices have been succesfully manufactured and we are now concentrating our efforts in enhancing yield and reliability.

Published
1999

12. R&D for the CMS silicon tracker

Author

M. Lenzi, Natale Demaria, Lucia Silvestris, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, G. Hall, Sebastiano Albergo, Horst Breuker, Marco Meschini, Stephen Watts, Manfred Krammer, D. Boemi, Giuseppe Bagliesi, Laura Borrello, Donato Creanza, Suchandra Dutta, A. Giraldo, Alessandro Giassi, T. Tuuva, U. Biggeri, F. Raffaelli, Filippo Bosi, M. Angarano, W.H. Gu, Fabrizio Palla, B. Schmitt, Josef Hrubec, Carlo Civinini, G. Parrini, Mara Bruzzi, M. De Palma, Luigi Fiore, Marcello Mannelli, Paolo Ciampolini, M.J. French, Guido Tonelli, St. Koenig, Daniele Passeri, Alessandro Paccagnella, Giovanna Selvaggi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Michel Raymond, Werner Lustermann, Salvatore My, R. Hammarström, Veikko Karimäki, Nicola Bacchetta, Ettore Focardi, Marco Pieri, P. Tempesta, P. Mättig, P. Bartalini, S. Braibant, G. Viertel, R. Della Marina, Y. Wang, Piero Giorgio Verdini, B. Mc Evoy, Richard G Kellogg, A. Marchioro, Patrizia Azzi, Dario Bisello, Thomas Hebbeker, Giancarlo Mantovani, A. Starodumov, M. Da Rold, Paolo Lariccia, L. Servoli, R. Siedling, Chiara Mariotti, Rino Castaldi, A. Caner, I. Stavitski, Giorgio Maggi, Z. Xie, A. Bader, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Bruno Wittmer, Mika Huhtinen, D. Pandoulas, A. Fürtjes, Lutz Feld, K. Skog, G. Raso, Roberto Dell'Orso, W. Glessing, Andrea Candelori, Alessia Tricomi, Giacomo Sguazzoni, A. Basti, A. Honkanen, Renato Potenza, G. Stefanini, K. Freudenreich, K. Luebelsmeyer, A. Kaminsky, S. Piperov, Alberto Messineo, B. Checcucci, G. Martignon, C. Vannini, E. Catacchini, M. Loreti, G. M. Bilei, Andrea Castro, Alan Barr, and C. Eklund

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Silicon, chemistry, business.industry, CMS, Optoelectronics, chemistry.chemical_element, Silicon tracker, silicon strip detectors, business, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published
1999

13. The CMS silicon tracker

Author

A. Giraldo, R. Della Marina, Bruno Wittmer, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Marco Meschini, Laura Borrello, M Raymond, Natale Demaria, B. Surrow, A Fürtjes, Filippo Bosi, Li Yahong, Roberto Dell'Orso, V. Radicci, Marcello Mannelli, Mika Huhtinen, A. Frey, Andrea Candelori, V. Karimäki, Giuseppe Bagliesi, Manfred Krammer, R. Siedling, U. Biggeri, Alessia Tricomi, P. Tempesta, C. Bozzi, E. Babucci, Marco Pieri, M. De Palma, P. Mättig, G. Viertel, Giacomo Sguazzoni, M. Angarano, A. Kaminsky, G. Hall, M. Da Rold, Alessandro Paccagnella, A. Santocchia, W.H. Gu, A. K. Honma, A. Basti, S. Piperov, Nicola Bacchetta, Z. Xie, S. Braibant, Carlo Civinini, A. Bader, Ernesto Migliore, Fabrizio Palla, Paolo Ciampolini, G. Parrini, Werner Lustermann, D. Boemi, Piero Giorgio Verdini, S. Busoni, M. Giorgi, G. M. Bilei, B. Glessing, Andrea Castro, A. Marchioro, I. Stavitski, Giancarlo Mantovani, A. Papi, Horst Breuker, Patrizia Azzi, Stephen Watts, Donato Creanza, A. Starodumov, Alessandro Giassi, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, Josef Hrubec, M.J. French, St. Koenig, Thomas Hebbeker, G. Stefanini, Daniele Passeri, K. Freudenreich, Chiara Mariotti, Giorgio Maggi, F. Rizzo, B. Mc Evoy, K Leubelsmeyer, A. Buffini, T. Tuuva, D. Pandoulas, F. Raffaelli, L. Servoli, M. Lenzi, Lucia Silvestris, Sebastiano Albergo, B. Checcucci, Lutz Feld, Suchandra Dutta, Dario Bisello, Renato Potenza, Paolo Lariccia, Guido Tonelli, Salvatore My, Ettore Focardi, Rino Castaldi, A. Caner, C. Vannini, C. Eklund, E. Catacchini, M. Loreti, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, G. Martignon, R. Hammarström, and Alberto Messineo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, High radiation, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking (particle physics), Fluence, Optics, Silicon tracker, micro-strip gas chambers, pixel detector, Radiation damage, Instrumentation, Physics, CMS, business.industry, Detector, Biasing, chemistry, radiation damage, Cluster size, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

The new silicon tracker layout (V4) is presented. The system aspects of the construction are discussed together with the expected tracking performance. Because of the high radiation environment in which the detectors will operate, particular care has been devoted to the study of the characteristics of heavily irradiated detectors. This includes studies on performance (charge collection, cluster size, resolution, efficiency) as a function of the bias voltage, integrated fluence, incidence angle and temperature.

Published
1998

14. The CMS silicon tracker at LHC

Author

D. Boemi, A. Marchioro, Werner Lustermann, M. Da Rold, Attilio Santocchia, Stephen Watts, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. Angarano, W.H. Gu, Marco Pieri, I. Stavitsky, P. Bartalini, Donato Creanza, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Alessandro Giassi, C. Vannini, G. Raso, Giancarlo Mantovani, K. Skog, Alberto Messineo, G. Parrini, D. Pandoulas, Lucia Silvestris, Roberto Dell'Orso, Sebastiano Albergo, E. Catacchini, M. Loreti, Andrea Candelori, Marco Meschini, G Hall, Alessandro Paccagnella, Paolo Lariccia, R. Della Marina, Veikko Karimäki, Nicola Bacchetta, M.J. French, C. Bozzi, G. Martignon, Daniele Passeri, T. Tuuva, J. Connotte, F. Raffaelli, R. Siedling, Giorgio Maggi, U. Cazzola, Alessia Tricomi, Laura Borrello, Z. Xie, R. Hammerstrom, Mika Huhtinen, Renato Potenza, P. Tempesta, Horst Breuker, C. Eklund, K. Luebelsmeyer, J Hrubec, B. Schmitt, Mara Bruzzi, A. Basti, Rino Castaldi, A. Caner, G. Stefanini, B. Mc Evoy, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Manfred Krammer, U. Biggeri, Guido Tonelli, Salvatore My, M Raymond, Ettore Focardi, B. Glessing, A. Starodumov, A. Giraldo, Giuseppe Bagliesi, M. De Palma, Marcello Mannelli, B Wittmer, G. Viertel, Carlo Civinini, Luigi Fiore, Giovanna Selvaggi, A. Ciasnohova, Patrizia Azzi, L. Servoli, A Skassyrskaia, B. Checcucci, G. M. Bilei, Dario Bisello, and Paolo Ciampolini

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, CMS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, CMS tracking silicon detectors LHC, Barrel (horology), chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking system, Silicon Tracking System, Collision, Microstrip, Technical design, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Compact Muon Solenoid
Abstract

The paper describes the Silicon Tracking System of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment that is foreseen to collect events from p–p collision at the E cm =14 TeV at the CERN future Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The proposed system consists of four layers of silicon microstrip detectors placed between the two inner layers of the pixel detector and the outer microstrip gas chamber system. The barrel part covers the η region up to 1.8, instrumenting the central radial region between 20 and 50 cm. The forward–backward disks extend the coverage up to η =2.6. This paper will review the main characteristics and performances of the system, the actual status of the R&D activities that we are carrying on, and the status of the milestones we have to fulfill in view of the Technical Design Report expected at the end of the year.

Published
1998

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