Author: "Volker Lodwig" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

31 results on '"Volker Lodwig"'

1. Artificial pancreas systems for people with type 2 diabetes: Conception and design of the european CLOSE project

Author: Björn Broge, Anton Petkov, Sébastien Carlier, Constance Stegbauer, Joachim Szecsenyi, Jan-Philipp Beck, Véronique Crône, Beata Mianowska, Mikolaj Gurdala, Cécile Delval, George Binkley, Pieter Gillard, Eric Renard, Lutz Heinemann, Volker Lodwig, Magda Rosenmöller, Freimut Schliess, Tim Heise, Katarzyna Cypryk, Chantal Mathieu, Carsten Benesch, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, Diabetes Pathology & Therapy, Diabetes Clinic, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Pancreas, Artificial, Service (systems architecture), Knowledge management, homecare, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, digital health, Biomedical Engineering, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, Interconnectedness, Homecare, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin Infusion Systems, Stakeholder Participation, Internal Medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Closed-loop, Review Articles, closed-loop, education, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Equipment Design, Service provider, Digital health, 3. Good health, public-private partnership, Europe, Public–private partnership, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Research Design, General partnership, Knowledge triangle, Performance indicator, France, business, Biomarkers, Public-private partnership
Abstract: In the last 10 years tremendous progress has been made in the development of artificial pancreas (AP) systems for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pan-European consortium CLOSE (Automated Glu cose Contro l at H ome for People with Chronic Disea se) is aiming to develop integrated AP solutions (APplus) tailored to the needs of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). APplus comprises a product and service package complementing the AP system by obligatory training as well as home visits and telemedical consultations on demand. Outcome predictors and performance indicators shall help to identify people who could benefit most from AP usage and facilitate the measurement of AP impact in diabetes care. In a first step CLOSE will establish a scalable APplus model case working at the interface between patients, homecare service providers, and payers in France. CLOSE will then scale up APplus by pursuing geographic distribution, targeting additional audiences, and enhancing AP functionalities and interconnectedness. By being part of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Health public-private partnership, CLOSE is committed to the EIT "knowledge triangle" pursuing the integrated advancement of technology, education, and business creation. Putting stakeholders, education, and impact into the center of APplus advancement is considered key for achieving wide AP use in T2D care. ispartof: J Diabetes Sci Technol vol:13 issue:2 pages:261-267 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Published: 2019

2. Assessing the Analytical Performance of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Concepts of Performance Evaluation and Definition of Metrological Key Terms

Author: Michael Erbach, Lutz Heinemann, Bernd Kulzer, Rolf Hinzmann, Volker Lodwig, Guido Freckmann, and Oliver Schnell
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Traceability, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, Reproducibility of Results, Bioengineering, Review Article, Reference Standards, Terminology, Metrology, Risk analysis (engineering), Diabetes management, Terminology as Topic, Calibration, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, Self-monitoring, Humans, Medicine, business, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract: Reliability of blood glucose (BG) measurements is a prerequisite for successful diabetes management. Publications on the evaluation of self-monitored glucose values, however, are frequently characterized by a confusion in terminology. We provide an inventory of key terms such as accuracy, trueness, precision, traceability, calibration, and matrix effect to avoid future misunderstanding. Definitions are taken from the metrological literature and international norms and explained in a language intended for nonspecialists in metrology. The terms are presented in light of the need to apply generally accepted definitions. In addition, a description of requirements and components for a sound evaluation of BG measurement systems is presented. These factors will also enable improvement in future comparisons of study results.
Published: 2013

3. Interrelations between Diabetes Therapy, Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose and Non-fatal or Fatal Endpoints in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Volker Lodwig, Berthold Schneider, Stephan Martin, Hubert Kolb, and Lutz Heinemann
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Diabetes Therapy, Surgery, Blood pressure, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Drug Discovery, Medicine, business, Stroke, Cohort study
Abstract: The ROSSO study is a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study performed to obtain epidemiological data on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes and to investigate the impact of SMBG on disease-related morbidity and mortality. 3,268 patients from 192 doctor's practices in Germany were included and their data from diabetes diagnosis (between 1995 and end of 1999) till drop-out (120 died, 17 drop-outs) or end of 2003 were collected from the medical records. The mean observational time was 6.5 years; total patient years of follow-up were 21.266 years. Based on these population data, questions about the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes to start with SMBG, the changes in diabetes therapy and blood glucose associated with SMBG and the relationship of SMBG with non-fatal or fatal events during follow-up were evaluated. Use of SMBG is significantly associated with personal and baseline conditions. Patients using SMBG are more frequently treated by an internist, more often male, have more frequently a private health insurance, exhibit less frequently arterial hypertension, are younger, have lower systolic blood pressure and higher values of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and triglycerides at diagnosis. The start of SMBG is preceded by a steady increase in blood glucose levels. It is accompanied by an intensification of diabetes therapy and followed by a significant reduction of blood glucose in the year after start of SMBG. 67% of the patients treated with diet only before SMBG began with antidiabetic medication concomitantly with SMBG (48% with oral antidiabetic agents (OAD), 9% with insulin and 10% with OAD and insulin) and 30% of the patients treated with OAD started on additional insulin treatment in parallel with SMBG. Switching from no antidiabetic medication to OAD reduced the mean FBG levels significantly from 9.31 to 8.70 mmol/l, from no medication to insulin from 10.05 to 6.93 mmol/l and from no medication to OAD and insulin from 10.85 to 8.92 mmol/l. Similar reductions of mean FBG levels were observed for switching from OAD to insulin therapy. Patients who stayed on OAD therapy also showed a significant reduction of FBG concentrations after the start of SMBG. The hazard for non-fatal events (particularly myocardial infarction and stroke) or overall mortality was significantly reduced for patients who performed SMBG during follow-up (p
Published: 2011

4. Oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes in patients undergoing coronary angiography the Silent Diabetes Study

Author: D. Sturm, A. Klinge, U. Hoffmann, J. Stumpf, D. Tschoepe, Tobias Lohmann, Oliver Schnell, W. Otter, Lutz Heinemann, Volker Lodwig, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, Bernd Kulzer, R. Doerr, S. G. Spitzer, and W. Hunger-Battefeld
Subjects: Coronary angiography, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Impaired fasting glucose, Coronary artery disease, Impaired glucose tolerance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Angiography, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, medicine, In patient, Oral glucose tolerance, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to compare the results of HbA1c measurements with those of an OGTT for early diagnosis of ‘silent diabetes’ in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing angiography without prediagnosed diabetes. A secondary aim was to investigate the correlation between the extent of CAD and the glycaemic status of the patient. Data from 1,015 patients admitted for acute (n = 149) or elective (n = 866) coronary angiography were analysed. Patients with known diabetes were excluded from the study. Using the OGTT results, patients were classified as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes. According to the results of the HbA1c measurements, patients were classified into three groups: normal (HbA1c
Published: 2011

5. A 3-year follow-up of the Silent Diabetes Study

Author: Joerg Weissmann, Oliver Schnell, Tobias Lohmann, Volker Lodwig, and Rolf Doerr
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, Coronary artery disease, Text mining, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Medicine, Female, business, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Published: 2014

6. Are Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Self-Monitor Blood Glucose Special? The Role of Confounders in the Observational ROSSO Study

Author: Werner A. Scherbaum, Lutz Heinemann, B. Schneider, Stephan Martin, Hubert Kolb, and Volker Lodwig
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Matched-Pair Analysis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Type 2 diabetes, Risk Assessment, Predictive Value of Tests, Germany, Internal medicine, Statistics, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Propensity Score, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Hazard ratio, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Research Design, Cohort, Propensity score matching, Commentary, Female, Observational study, business
Abstract: Background: In the German multicenter, retrospective cohort study (ROSSO), those patients with type 2 diabetes who performed self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) had a better long-term clinical outcome. We analyzed whether confounders accounted for the lower rate of clinical events in the SMBG cohort. Methods: ROSSO followed 3268 persons from diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for a mean of 6.5 years. Data were retrieved from patient files of randomly contacted primary care practices. Results: In total, more than 60 potential confounders were documented, including nondisease-associated parameters such as patient's health insurance, marital status, habitation, and characteristics of diabetes centers. There were only modest differences for these parameters between groups with versus without SMBG, and multiple adjustments did not weaken the association of SMBG use with better outcome (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.81, p < .001). This was also true for subgroups of patients defined by type of antidiabetes treatment. Propensity score analysis confirmed the association of SMBG use with outcome. Using key baseline parameters, 813 matching pairs of patients were identified. The analysis again showed a better long-term outcome in the SMBG group (hazard ratio 0.67 p = .004). Conclusion: An influence of nonrecognized confounders on better outcome in the SMBG group is rendered improbable by similar results obtained with adjustments for disease-associated or disease-independent parameters, by the analysis of patient subgroups, by propensity score analysis and by performing a matched-pair analysis. The higher flexibility in pharmacological antidiabetes treatment regimens in the SMBG cohort suggests a different attitude of treating physicians and patients in association with SMBG.
Published: 2009

7. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Early Years After Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Relation to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

Author: Jacques Kande Tshiang Tshiananga, Volker Lodwig, Lutz Heinemann, Berthold Schneider, Stephan Martin, Werner A. Scherbaum, Christian Weber, Hubert Kolb, and Serge Kocher
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Myocardial Infarction, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Body Mass Index, Endocrinology, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Aged, Glycemic, Glycated Hemoglobin, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Incidence (epidemiology), nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Medical Laboratory Technology, Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiology, Patient Compliance, Female, business, Body mass index, Software, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The natural course of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes was analyzed: what are the risk factors, and what is the relationship to the use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)?Data were retrieved from ROSSO-a German retrospective observational study-which followed 3,268 patients from diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for 6.5 +/- 1.6 years. We compared patients with or without a nonfatal macrovascular event (myocardial infarction or stroke) and patients using or not using SMBG.At baseline, worse glycemic control and higher body mass index were not risk factors for macrovascular events. Moreover, there was no association with classic risk factors like blood pressure or total cholesterol. Overall, there was a higher incidence of stroke than of myocardial infarction (0.78% vs. 0.51%). Myocardial infarction was positively associated with male sex, and stroke with age (P0.001 for each). Patients using SMBG compared to patients not using SMBG had fewer myocardial infarctions (2.0% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.002) and strokes (3.6% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.005), experienced a stroke later after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (5.1 +/- 1.9 vs. 3.8 +/- 2.1 years, P0.001), and had a higher mean hemoglobin A1c in the years before a myocardial infarction (7.8 +/- 1.8% vs. 6.8 +/- 1.1%, P = 0.003) or a stroke (8.0 +/- 1.8% vs. 7.1 +/- 1.2%, P = 0.003). However, classic cardiovascular risk factors did not differ between patients using or not using SMBG.In patients with type 2 diabetes SMBG was associated with a lower event rate of myocardial infarction (-50%) and stroke (-37%), although at baseline the classic risk factors for macrovascular events were not different in both groups.
Published: 2009

8. Performance Comparison of CGM Systems: MARD Values Are Not Always a Reliable Indicator of CGM System Accuracy

Author: Guido Freckmann, Harald Kirchsteiger, Lutz Heinemann, Günther Schmelzeisen-Redeker, Michael Schoemaker, Luigi del Re, and Volker Lodwig
Subjects: Graphical data, Protocol (science), Blood Glucose, Matching (statistics), Continuous glucose monitoring, Computer science, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Biomedical Engineering, Reproducibility of Results, Bioengineering, Materials testing, Original Articles, Biosensing Techniques, computer.software_genre, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Reference measurement, Performance comparison, Reference values, Materials Testing, Internal Medicine, Humans, Data mining, computer
Abstract: Background: The ongoing progress of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems results in an increasing interest in comparing their performance, in particular in terms of accuracy, that is, matching CGM readings with reference values measured at the same time. Most often accuracy is evaluated by the mean absolute relative difference (MARD). It is frequently overseen that MARD does not only reflect accuracy, but also the study protocol and evaluation procedure, making a cross-study comparison problematic. Methods: We evaluate the effect of several factors on the MARD statistical properties: number of paired reference and CGM values, distribution of the paired values, accuracy of the reference measurement device itself and the time delay between data pairs. All analysis is done using clinical data from 12 patients wearing 6 sensors each. Results: We have found that a few paired points can have a potentially high impact on MARD. Leaving out those points for evaluation thus reduces the MARD. Similarly, accuracy of the reference measurements greatly affects the MARD as numerical and graphical data show. Results also show that a log-normal distribution of the paired references provides a significantly different MARD than, for example, a uniform distribution. Conclusions: MARD is a reasonable parameter to characterize the performance of CGM systems when keeping its limitations in mind. To support clinicians and patients in selecting which CGM system to use in a clinical setting, care should be taken to make MARD more comparable by employing a standardized evaluation procedure.
Published: 2015

9. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes and long-term outcome: an epidemiological cohort study

Author: B. Schneider, Volker Lodwig, Werner A. Scherbaum, Hubert Kolb, Stephan Martin, H.-J. Kurth, and Lutz Heinemann
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hazard ratio, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Retrospective cohort study, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Surgery, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Cohort, Internal Medicine, medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract: The aim of this study was to obtain epidemiological data on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes and to investigate the relationship of SMBG with disease-related morbidity and mortality. The German multicentre Retrolective Study ‘Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes’ (ROSSO) followed 3,268 patients from diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between 1995 and 1999 until the end of 2003. Endpoints were diabetes-related morbidity (non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, foot amputation, blindness or haemodialysis) and all-cause mortality. SMBG was defined as self-measurement of blood glucose for at least 1 year. During a mean follow-up period of 6.5 years, 1,479 patients (45.3%) began SMBG prior to an endpoint and an additional 64 patients started SMBG after a non-fatal endpoint. Interestingly, many patients used SMBG while being treated with diet or oral hypoglycaemic drugs (808 of 2,515, 32%). At baseline, the SMBG cohort had higher mean fasting blood glucose levels than the non-SMBG cohort (p
Published: 2005

10. Hypoglycemia Warning Signal and Glucose Sensors: Requirements and Concepts

Author: Volker Lodwig, Lutz Heinemann, Tim Heise, and Theodor Koschinsky
Subjects: Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Warning system, Continuous glucose monitoring, business.industry, Incidence, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Biosensing Techniques, Hypoglycemia, medicine.disease, Signal, Diabetes Therapy, Medical Laboratory Technology, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic control analysis, medicine, Humans, Glucose sensors, Intensive care medicine, business
Abstract: Hypoglycemia is the most feared side effect of diabetes therapy with blood glucose-lowering agents. The fear of hypoglycemia often contributes to poor metabolic control of patients with diabetes. Therefore, integration of a hypoglycemia warning signal into continuous glucose monitoring systems represents an important additional help for patients with diabetes. The warning signal can be triggered at a preset level based on the current glucose values (as provided with the presently available glucose monitoring systems) or on prospective trend analysis offering the possibility to predict the risk of a hypoglycemic event in an anticipatory manner. Using the approach of a "Finite State Machine," such a more advanced warning system can completely be described as a finite collection of four states and possible transitions in-between. Most of the currently available glucose monitoring systems measure glucose in the interstitial fluid (ISF) of the dermal or subcutaneous tissue but are calibrated to blood glucose levels. This requires a number of factors to be taken into account: precision and accuracy of the glucose measurements, physiological and physical lag time, and calibration of the glucose monitoring system. From our point of view, the analytical performance of the system should be such that the majority of all hypoglycemic episodes are correctly diagnosed (75%). Inconsistent findings regarding physiological discrepancies between blood and ISF glucose, which usually are described as a physiological lag time, range from some seconds up to 15 min. They can be observed especially during dynamic blood glucose changes (3 mg/dL/min) and may represent major challenges for the development of a reliable hypoglycemia warning signal. In addition to possible physiological time lags, device-inherent physical lag times must be considered when selecting the threshold for the warning signal. Despite these problems, most probably all patients with diabetes who are treated with blood glucose-lowering agents will benefit from such a system since their safety and quality of life can be greatly improved, including an optimized metabolic control and lowered diabetes-related mortality. The benefit will be greatest for patients with hypoglycemia unawareness or impaired perception of hypoglycemic symptoms. The risks related to the use of a hypoglycemia warning signal seem to be low if certain precautionary measures are taken. In any case, additional clinical-experimental studies in healthy subjects as well as long-term clinical studies in diabetic patients are necessary to further evaluate the efficacy, benefits, and risks of different hypoglycemia warning concepts implemented in the different continuous glucose monitoring systems.
Published: 2003

11. Current Trends in Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Author: Lutz Heinemann, Volker Lodwig, Oliver Schnell, and Bernhard Kulzer
Subjects: endocrine system diseases, Continuous glucose monitoring, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glucose Measurement, Biomedical Engineering, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Bioengineering, Data science, Artificial pancreas, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Operations management, Glucose sensors, business, Review Articles
Abstract: The market introduction of systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) some 15 years ago did not immediately revolutionize the treatment of diabetes; however, for a given group of patients, it would almost be inconceivable nowadays to imagine life without CGM. One day the development of insulin pumps together with CGM could culminate in an artificial pancreas system. The performance of the glucose sensors used for glucose measurement in the interstitial fluid in the subcutaneous tissue and the algorithms employed to analyze these data have improved so much over the past decade that current CGM systems by far outperform those of the first generations. This commentary discusses a number of aspects about what we have learned since CGM systems entered the market and what current trends exist in their usage. Some of these are major hurdles facing a more widespread usage of CGM.
Published: 2014

12. What Are the Next Steps in Continuous Glucose Monitoring?

Author: Bernhard Kulzer, Volker Lodwig, Oliver Schnell, and Lutz Heinemann
Subjects: business.industry, Continuous glucose monitoring, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glucose Measurement, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Control engineering, Context (language use), computer.software_genre, Artificial pancreas, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Data mining, Glucose sensors, business, computer, Review Articles, Glycemic
Abstract: The development of glucose sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is likely still in its early days. A number of novel approaches—along with many attempts to improve current CGM systems—are in development. The next generation of glucose sensors (NGGS) will also enable, for example, reliable glucose measurement in the low glycemic range. NGGS systems represent an important step forward for closed-loop systems. This commentary discusses a number of aspects that are relevant in this context.
Published: 2014

13. Adiponectin in coronary heart disease and newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance

Author: S.G. Spitzer, Aline Azizi Ghanbari, Rolf Dörr, Bernhard Ulm, Juergen Stumpf, Tobias Lohmann, Andreas Britz, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, Volker Lodwig, and Oliver Schnell
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Adipose tissue, Coronary Disease, Disease, Impaired glucose tolerance, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose Intolerance, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Internal Medicine, Natriuretic peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Heart Failure, Framingham Risk Score, Adiponectin, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Glucose, Heart failure, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objective: Adiponectin is produced by adipose tissue and regarded as protective hormone for diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Its role in heart failure is discussed controversially. Methods: In this study, 1015 consecutive patients admitted for acute ( n = 149) or elective ( n = 866) coronary angiography were enrolled. Patients with known diabetes mellitus (DM) were excluded. All patients were classified by oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and by the results of coronary angiography as no/minor coronary heart disease (CHD), single-vessel disease (1-VD), double-vessel disease (2-VD) or triple-vessel disease (3-VD), by New York Heart Association (NYHA) criteria and by echocardiography for heart failure. Adiponectin and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured in all patients. Results: Adiponectin was higher in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (13.65 ± 10.31 mg/l) compared to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (11.12 ± 7.5, p < 0.001) or diabetes (11.22 ± 7.63, p < 0.001). There was a stepwise decrease in adiponectin from no CHD (18.16 ± 12.49 mg/L) to minor CHD (16.01 ± 11.42) to 1-VD (12.18 ± 8.8, p < 0.001 to no/minor CHD) to 2- and 3-VD (10.68 ± 7.5, p < 0.001 to no/minor CHD, p = 0.004 to 1-VD). Patients with heart failure NYHA III (17.4 ± 10.27) had higher adiponectin levels compared to NYHA II (12.94 ± 9.41, p < 0.001 to NYHA III) and NYHA I (10.3 ± 7.75, p < 0.001 to NYHA III/II). In this line, adiponectin levels were positively correlated to NT-proBNP levels ( r = 0.303), and patients with ejection fraction (EF) < 50% had higher adiponectin levels than those with EF > 50% (14.96 ± 4.35 to 11.78 ± 3.71, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Adiponectin levels are inversely correlated to progressing CHD and glucose intolerance but positively correlated to increasing heart failure.
Published: 2013

14. Accuracy in Blood Glucose Measurement: What Will a Tightening of Requirements Yield?

Author: Guido Freckmann, Lutz Heinemann, and Volker Lodwig
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Quality Control, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Yield (finance), Biomedical Engineering, Health Care Sector, Bioengineering, Food and drug administration, Patient safety, Predictive Value of Tests, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Internal Medicine, Device Approval, Diabetes Mellitus, Medicine, Production (economics), Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Quality (business), Blood Glucose Measurement, media_common, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Equipment Design, Surgery, Risk analysis (engineering), Practice Guidelines as Topic, Commentary, Patient Safety, business
Abstract: Nowadays, almost all persons with diabetes—at least those using antidiabetic drug therapy—use one of a plethora of meters commercially available for self-monitoring of blood glucose. The accuracy of blood glucose (BG) measurement using these meters has been presumed to be adequate; that is, the accuracy of these devices was not usually questioned until recently. Health authorities in the United States (Food and Drug Administration) and in other countries are currently endeavoring to tighten the requirements for the accuracy of these meters above the level that is currently stated in the standard ISO 15197. At first glance, this does not appear to be a problem and is hardly worth further consideration, but a closer look reveals a considerable range of critical aspects that will be discussed in this commentary. In summary, one could say that as a result of modern production methods and ongoing technical advances, the demands placed on the quality of measurement results obtained with BG meters can be increased to a certain degree. One should also take into consideration that the system accuracy (which covers many more aspects as the analytical accuracy) required to make correct therapeutical decisions certainly varies for different types of therapy. At the end, in addition to analytical accuracy, thorough and systematic training of patients and regular refresher training is important to minimize errors. Only under such circumstances will patients make appropriate therapeutic interventions to optimize and maintain metabolic control. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012;6(2):435-443 COMMENTARY
Published: 2012

15. Die 'Silent Diabetes' Studie: Oraler Glukosetoleranztest vs. HbA1c zur Neudiagnose des Diabetes bei Patienten mit KHK-Verdacht

Author: Tobias Lohmann, Volker Lodwig, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, W. Hunger-Battefeld, Diethelm Tschöpe, U. Hoffmann, W. Otter, Oliver Schnell, R Dörr, Lutz Heinemann, S. G. Spitzer, Bernhard Kulzer, D. Sturm, A. Klinge, and J. Stumpf
Subjects: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Published: 2011

16. Interrelations between diabetes therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose, blood glucose and non-fatal or fatal endpoints in patients with type 2 diabetes / results of a longitudinal cohort study (ROSSO 5)

Author: Berthold, Schneider, Stephan, Martin, Lutz, Heinemann, Volker, Lodwig, and Hubert, Kolb
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Endpoint Determination, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Fasting, Middle Aged, Drug Utilization, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Socioeconomic Factors, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Aged
Abstract: The ROSSO study is a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study performed to obtain epidemiological data on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes and to investigate the impact of SMBG on disease-related morbidity and mortality. 3,268 patients from 192 doctor's practices in Germany were included and their data from diabetes diagnosis (between 1995 and end of 1999) till drop-out (120 died, 17 drop-outs) or end of 2003 were collected from the medical records. The mean observational time was 6.5 years; total patient years of follow-up were 21.266 years. Based on these population data, questions about the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes to start with SMBG, the changes in diabetes therapy and blood glucose associated with SMBG and the relationship of SMBG with non-fatal or fatal events during follow-up were evaluated. Use of SMBG is significantly associated with personal and baseline conditions. Patients using SMBG are more frequently treated by an internist, more often male, have more frequently a private health insurance, exhibit less frequently arterial hypertension, are younger, have lower systolic blood pressure and higher values of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and triglycerides at diagnosis. The start of SMBG is preceded by a steady increase in blood glucose levels. It is accompanied by an intensification of diabetes therapy and followed by a significant reduction of blood glucose in the year after start of SMBG. 67% of the patients treated with diet only before SMBG began with antidiabetic medication concomitantly with SMBG (48% with oral antidiabetic agents (OAD), 9% with insulin and 10% with OAD and insulin) and 30% of the patients treated with OAD started on additional insulin treatment in parallel with SMBG. Switching from no antidiabetic medication to OAD reduced the mean FBG levels significantly from 9.31 to 8.70 mmol/l, from no medication to insulin from 10.05 to 6.93 mmol/l and from no medication to OAD and insulin from 10.85 to 8.92 mmol/l. Similar reductions of mean FBG levels were observed for switching from OAD to insulin therapy. Patients who stayed on OAD therapy also showed a significant reduction of FBG concentrations after the start of SMBG. The hazard for non-fatal events (particularly myocardial infarction and stroke) or overall mortality was significantly reduced for patients who performed SMBG during follow-up (p0.001). SMBG-associated changes of antidiabetic therapy may contribute to the better clinical outcome of patients with SMBG.
Published: 2008

17. Type 2 Diabetes Phenotype and Progression Is Significantly Different if Diagnosed before versus after 65 Years of Age

Author: Volker Lodwig, Berthold Schneider, Jacques Kande Tshiang Tshiananga, Hubert Kolb, Tim Heise, Werner A. Scherbaum, Stephan Martin, Christian Weber, and Lutz Heinemann
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Incidence (epidemiology), Cardiovascular risk factors, Biomedical Engineering, Severe disease, Bioengineering, Type 2 diabetes, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Lower risk, Diabetes Therapy, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, medicine, Disease characteristics, business
Abstract: Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing disproportionately in individuals Methods: In the epidemiological cohort study entitled “Retrolective Study: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes,” a total of 3268 patients from randomly contacted primary care practices were documented during a mean follow-up period of 6.5 years. All newly diagnosed patients of these practices were included. Results: At diagnosis, 64.2% of the patients were aged ≤65 years. Thereof, 57.2% were male, whereas in the age group >65 years only 35.0% were male ( p < 0.001). The younger group exhibited more severe metabolic deterioration at diagnosis and in the following years than the older group. Conversely, the older group presented at diagnosis with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was more prominent in the younger group. In both age groups, the use of SMBG was associated with a significantly lower risk ( p = 0.003) of a combined end point (severe diabetic complication or all-cause mortality). Conclusions: There are considerable differences in disease characteristics between people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during 45–65 years of age versus diagnosis at a later age. Type 2 diabetes diagnosed before the age of 65 years disproportionately affected men and exhibited a more severe disease course, but was characterized by significantly less cardiovascular risk factors in comparison to type 2 diabetes diagnosed at a later age. The use of SMBG was associated with a better clinical outcome in both age groups.
Published: 2008

18. Cost impact of blood glucose self-monitoring on complications of type 2 diabetes: a Swiss perspective (ROSSO study No.11)

Author: Majbrit V Holm, Christian Weber, Kurt Neeser, Berthold Schneider, and Volker Lodwig
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Complications, Indirect costs, Diabetes mellitus, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Insurance, Health, Health economics, business.industry, Insulin, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Emergency medicine, Cohort, Costs and Cost Analysis, Female, business, Switzerland, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Question under study despite the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, its financial burden on the Swiss healthcare system remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the cost of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in reducing diabetic complications by comparing the direct costs to the Swiss statutory health insurance system of diabetic complications in SMBG users vs. nonusers. Method matched pair analysis of the average annual total cost of diabetes monitoring, treatment-related services, complications and followup in the RetrOlective Study Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (ROSSO) study cohort, updated to 2005 from the year of occurrence or diagnosis of diabetes, applying an annual inflation rate of 5%. Results in those patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs only, total annual costs were CHF 5,140 in SMBG users and CHF 5,654 in non - users. In those patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs plus insulin, total annual costs were CHF 8,254 and CHF 11,776, respectively. SMBG accounted for 1.6% to 1.7% of total costs. Conclusion cost analysis indicates that SMBG provides a rapid return on initial investment.
Published: 2007

19. Is self-monitoring of blood glucose appropriate for all type 2 diabetic patients? The Fremantle Diabetes Study

Author: Berthold Schneider, Lutz Heinemann, Hubert Kolb, Volker Lodwig, and Stephan Martin
Subjects: Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Cross-sectional study, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Medical care, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Internal Medicine, medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, Self Care, Endocrinology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Emergency medicine, Self-monitoring, Self care, Observational study, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The analysis of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in the community-based observational Fremantle Diabetes Study (1) becomes even more interesting when combined with three other studies of SMBG in type 2 diabetes: the Italian Qualita ed Esito in Diabetologia (QuED) Project (2), analyses of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Medical Care Program (3), and the German …
Published: 2006

20. 40(th) EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

Author: S. Artigas, A V Dreval, Mark I. McCarthy, C Watson, Peter H. Bennett, M Quint, Y Ikeda, E Alpert, F Schiele, H Sekihara, Erik Gylfe, P Lowe, J Kuhlmann, Alain Golay, V Longo, Shahidul Alam Khan Akm., L G Mantovani, M Zawodniak-Szalapska, G Winkler, T Harrity, L Virág, U Johne, Kuo S-W., Linda C Tapsell, J Rodriguez, Michel Komajda, K Kankova, Carole A. Cull, M Sporna, E Estilles, U Ribel, M C Spruce, E Buzzigoli, T Prazak, J K McLaughlin, M K Lingohr, M Lim, F Calara, A Siebenhofer, G Meregalli, Roberto Anichini, A D Baron, R Kurashvili, P C Butler, G I Fantus, T. E. De Gooyer, Park Y-M., R. Walther, S Heinrich, Agnieszka Zawiejska, S Mukherjee, Nikolaos Papanas, G Wong, Ian D. Caterson, David M. Maahs, Shuichi Kaneko, Alexandra E. Butler, Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, O N Kong, Attali J-R., C A Hedman, K Oshinyemi, Nicolle Müller, I C Cranston, N Okumus, M V Vlaiculescu, Balasubramanian Ravikumar, W W Cheatham, K Mukasa, K B Biswas, Annunziata Lapolla, Phil McEwan, G Mader, Gilles Chassot, Dragi Anevski, Werner A. Scherbaum, M Donath, C Hesselmann, R A Gandhi, David E. Moller, Ezio Bonifacio, C Garcia, V Ifandi, P Hornnes, Nieuwenhoven Fav., C Puech, S Pérez-Del-Pulgar, Kim S-R., G Hines, C Rubio Terrés, Michael Gaster, N. Hosszufalusi, A Scholze, Andrew A. Young, Stavros Liatis, F Hariri, S Tan, Paul Valensi, Allan E. Karlsen, J Kim, E. Moberg, J Kaiser, L Berman, G Nelson, A Altkrüger, P Kothare, D B Cook, S Doran, G. van Dijk, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Kim C-S., P Stahl, M Manousaki, S Sigrist, S K Lim, M. P. Stern, A Guberti, C Rezzani, J McKenney, Karl Thomaseth, Sofia Carlsson, M Julia, R Brillante, I Rubesova, T Darkow, E Matsumoto, Wendy M. Macfarlane, M Di Martino, G Bardini, Rossella Menghini, D Duhot, E Farcasiu, Annalisa Natalicchio, I Lindner, J Buvat, Christian L. Brand, Harry Dorchy, Iwona Pietrzak, Z T Luo, P Home, M Ekelund, Jesper Gromada, Kristine Færch, F Piarulli, H Kim, R Mentel, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér, Dullaart Rpf., Anton Luger, Thomas A. Pearson, V Manicardi, P Rösen, Feng Y-M., R Morganti, Lars Hansen, Demuth H-U., Haruo Kasai, A Shostak, Rudi Steffensen, G Taylor, Markolf Hanefeld, C Santini, E Hamaguchi, Roberto Miccoli, F Storms, M Cooper, Y Lee, Allison E. Aiello, P Smith, T Suehiro, K Treece, M Waluś, Timothy A Welborn, Simone Baltrusch, E Kontela, S Chai, J Crean, H Yokoyama, Johan G. Eriksson, Rafael Hernández Hernández, J Rodríguez-Saldaña, M P Tornero, G Formoso, D. Lovell, E Bingham, A Mylonakis, M Manteghetti, D Fedele, Antonio Martín-Duce, Ralph A. DeFronzo, D Salcedo, Kurt Højlund, Antonio Petrone, Sheu Whh., C Gutierrez, Flavia Pricci, S Kurita, Z G Abbas, M M Benedetti, Philippe A. Halban, Daniel J. Cox, O Ljungkvist, Justine Davies, J Palsgaard, Lars Sjöström, E Bosi, L Janin-Manificat, W. F. Kelly, M. Fernandez, E Colak, O V Mulyarchik, B Kronshage, F Lang, M Erfurth, Takashi Kadowaki, N Jendrike, U Walter, J Wishart, Y. Neye, D Kim, N Furuhashi, M Barsotti, D Florow, L Ke, L Borgquist, N C Jackson, Ffolliott M. Fisher, V Baskar, K Yoshioka, Bryan A. Wolf, G Chabrier, R Skoumal, Livio Luzi, H Kose, I Pharisien, B. Klein, H Winiarska, M C Johnson, L Griffiths, Nonna Kravchun, C Combe, Baptist Gallwitz, J Zdychova, L Skorda, Jorma Ilonen, W Gao, I N Steen, A Terrinoni, P D Ambery, W Kern, C M Kusminski, Cho M-H., Paolo Pozzilli, Louise G. Grunnet, E Schönle, David R Matthews, Robert W. Taylor, Y Cohen, Kim H-S., M P Eccles, N B Tutuncu, D McDowell, Richard M. Bergenstal, K Takamatsu, T Steiner, Jaan Palgi, Valdemar Grill, N Niculescu, G Federici, S Lehto, P. M. McKeigue, M Barone, Michael E. Trautmann, S Smirnov, J Mannion, M Eto, C Rousseau, M Conti, C S Ernest, Antonio Ceriello, D H Schweitzer, Jung E-D., Andreas Festa, Avijit Lahiri, A Shepelkevich, A Murro, A Kollmann, Jonathan R.S. Arch, R Landgraf, Son H-Y., I Engelsberger, E Agardh, S Rodríguez-Mulero, P J Kraml, K Lee, D. F. Du Toit, E Kim, G Fadini, Williams Ajk., Philip Home, M B Antcieferov, C Perlemoine, D Perrea, Song X-L., D Ruggieri, Krister Bokvist, Heidi Sørensen, Bilbao, G Yoshino, J P Taylor, Shen H-M., S M Furier, R Urquhart, J Wohlgelernter, Jianping Weng, T. Baba, Q Hong, C Silva, Castaigne J-P., M Felaco, X X Zhang, M Jaroň, Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, J G Papp, Toshio Miyata, Lervang H-H., Park M-K., I Kinalska, A Long, Oomen Phn., N Kogawa, Ippolita Patrizia Patera, S. Karadeniz, Dinesh Selvarajah, D S Chung, A Wensaas, Richard Imrich, M Recasens, J Ruxer, O Buchea, E Wilpart, S P Stepanenko, Le Ttd., H Ohgawara, Mariaconsuelo Valentini, A Mondok, M Peltonen, Marianne O. Larsen, K Chatzianagnostou, Agneta Ståhle, A L Ferrari, L Bordier, F Maingrette, A Matsuda, G Vukomanovic, Jakob D. Wikstrom, T Yamakita, E Gorostiaga, J Jin, B Gopalan, Heinz Drexel, S Hewitt, Rury R. Holman, C Dieterle, T L Ruchti, N Asatiani, M Sidira, A Iezzi, A J Sommerfield, D Châtenet, M L Olsen, R Bergemann, C Koehler, T L Kuraeva, B Balas, Christian Berne, E Santos-Mazo, G Smith, A Siejka, R Kožnarová, A Mattina, S Sheikh, A Adomeit, M Rasmussen, J. Fagerudd, N Busciantella Ricci, Nuria Vilarrasa, E Hammar, T L Thoms, L Aydın, Ron G. Rosenfeld, A Nikolajuk, R Gos, C L Morgan, H L Yu, D Dheelchand, S Ramrath, N Boudriga, Jerome I. Rotter, C Jahannault, W M Weston, Folke Lindgärde, M Hertlova, D Knight, A Monroy-Mayorga, E Pardini, A Chamson-Reig, B Franke, Janie McCluskey, Joseph Bryan, C Nikolopoulou, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fausto Santeusanio, L Pegoraro, M Lee, A Klimenko, S Jaiveer, K. Pettersson-Fernholm, Michael A. Nauck, A Ekbom-Schnell, G Deferrari, Riccardo Schiaffini, S. Pampanelli, Khan Aka., David Hopkins, Maija Wessman, M Kamarinos, Noh J-H., O Ebisui, K McCarroll, Jeppe Sturis, Peter Nowotny, N Gorbenko, Åke Sjöholm, David G. Maggs, A E Halseth, B Cresci, A A Ortiz-Gress, A Korakovouni, O Matejkova, C E Mogensen, C J Lin, Ramon Gomis, H Seaman, C Granier, Yang C-H., F Assah, O Sanchez, Fausto Machicao, Peter G. Morris, Alberto Ortiz, A Giardinelli, D Bracaglia, A Gonzalo, S Pavlatos, Andreas Lechner, F Canovic, L Sjolind, Allan Vaag, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, David A. Ziegler, Vito Lampasona, R Gershoni-Baruch, A. Dei Cas, H Renz, E Mena, Matthew Waltham, Kim D-M., H Levanen, D D Mick, Valentina Alexandrovna Peterkova, E Meskhishvili, Sarah Nutland, R Bustani, John R. Lindsay, M Christoforidou, A Abicht, E Harno, K Cyganek, A Fitchet, S Neelotpol, P Nikishin, P Serradas, J Hinrichsen, M Halvorson, M Chovatia, B Voet, Jinny Willis, E Parretti, M Haslbeck, M Wellard, L Teng, Julio Wainstein, J S Fischer, K. Lalic, D Roggenland, I Gich, R Anwar, Maurizio Cassader, D Serota, X J Li, R J Schotzinger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Björn Zethelius, S A Wootton, W Andrzejewski, R Rezsohazy, R Gao, T Klimentova, T Mazurek, I Bruckner, C Dohrmann, R E James, G daSilva Xavier, Kim S-Y., A Dorca, Stuart J. Pocock, Terri J. Allen, I Giovos, P B Parab, N H Andersen, P Fotinakis, Miriam Cnop, H Lee, Norbert Tennagels, Omorodola I. Abatan, F Ailett, I. Lager, D Manzella, H Hut, Larry A. Distiller, G Lip, Lim S-K., Rong Zhang, T Tsuno, Steen Knudsen, M. Bajardi, Manuel Benito, Dai Sugimoto, Melvin J. Prince, D W Dunstan, D Rankins, K A Majali, G Ozansoy, Isabella Russo, S Uçak, G Annuzzi, R Talar-Wojnarowska, K Lange, S Neugebauer-Baba, Campbell H. Thompson, Eric Renard, P. D. Mountjoy, Z Morrison, Elizabeth A. Davis, Franco Cavallo, C Corvaja, R Antuña, Craig John Currie, H Linnebjerg, He Y-L., A J Palmer, Mariola R. Chacón, H Malinska, M. Jones, R Lichnovská, K Mandes, Paolo Tessari, T Mokhort, A Laina, H. L. Y. Chan, I Schmidt, R Banks, Richard G. IJzerman, L Ksinantova, G Setti, H Vaudry, A Gallo, V Spallone, Chen J-W., Thomas Danne, A Chong, M Hallschmid, S Aczel, S Hulme, N Islam, M Hosoi, P M Ternan, P Di Bartolo, N Bishara, T Shibasaki, Martin A. Osterhoff, Im S-S., M Jecht, T Hamaguchi, S Mattera, K Ways, Elizabeth Northam, U Rajala, Reinhard W. Holl, L Yang, S Panaiotopoulos, K Horvath, R Kluge, Thora B. Bodvarsdottir, Y Dong, Irene Alemanno, C McDougall, Reimar W. Thomsen, M Campbell, W Rabl, John Öhrvik, Yuichiro Yamada, Paola Ungaro, W Benzer, Mike Sampson, Roberto Trevisan, R G Radu, Aas A-M., P E Lobo, Ricardo Scott, S M Son, Josephine M. Forbes, T A Hillier, K L Wyne, Louis L. Nguyen, J Farmer, M H Tan, Kwon H-S., J Yang, L Sandvik, Franco Folli, A K Jenum, M Nguyen, W Pratipanawatr, A L Frederiksen, Rebecca Smith, Lee H-J., A Schäfer, C Manuelli, G S Denver, T Vukovich, B Maceira, K Matsumoto, K. Chokkalingam, Nurcan Üçeyler, P Modi, Timothy M. Morgan, S Mertens, B M Singh, Michaela Riedl, K Iso, C Cucurullo, G. F. Bottazzo, M Calvani, K Hur, J Wetzels, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Y Aso, H Stammer, M G Masding, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, J L González-Sánchez, L Armstrong, Alberto Maran, Peter G.F. Swift, S S Popovic, J Starczynski, E Vitacolonna, Luigi Laviola, R W Gelling, Marina Cardellini, D Barilla, Rosa de Diego Martínez, W H Landschulz, Anne Mette Rosenfalck, R K Wong, Kevin E. Schneider, K Peros, Giuseppe Nanni, F Zhang, I Rákóczi, T Iburi, M Nakhjavani, X Q Zhang, S Tournis, Per Lav Madsen, Graham A. Hitman, A. Tura, K Laubner, N D Kostic, Lawrence M. Dolan, R. Sinha Roy, J A Wagner, J. Tuomilehto, J Hauptman, M Abdel-Ghany, D Lacombe, Toralph Ruge, Johannes A Maassen, Triantafyllos Didangelos, K Sasaki, I Argüelles, Klaus Levin, C Popow, Emanuel Christ, R Chetty, L Baillet-Blanco, Jo-Ann Salmon, T Mine, James L. Trevaskis, I Franke, J Gorski, E A Andrianova, A Dayan, A Caballero, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, M Yasujima, Z Kasalová, C.D.A. Stehouwer, F. K. Gorus, G A Nichols, A Glowania, David P. Strachan, P Fredlund, N. F. da Silva, P Reboldi, M Sausbier, K H Groenier, G Stuccio, N Guttman, K R Ahmed, A D Ristic, T Kapellen, J Coutcher, Aldo V. Greco, Oswald Wagner, A Zagayko, Maria Alevizaki, B B Zhang, W F Ferris, Jenny Fredriksson, Lois Jovanovic, J Hänninen, R De Giglio, Kazuo Yagui, O Potterat, P Hamliton, R E Scranton, B Mankovsky, A Stylianou, B Fellström, Abdel-Wahab Yha., M Kitagawa, Katherine L. Baldock, F R Johnson, F Baigts, S D'Addato, F J Sanz, A Mistry, S D Wise, T Pratipanawatr, U R Fölsch, James R.C. Parkinson, Claudia Sommer, C Park, F E Griffiths, M L Martí, R Demirtunc, S Taniguchi, J Lundkvist, T Siegmund, Juan Sztajzel, C Dienesch, F Baumgartner, L Scalone, T M Mckolanis, K Otake, Ullrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, T M Vriesendorp, Michael B. Wheeler, Henry Schmitt, Peter Hovind, S Lange, Stephane Roze, L. Van Gaal, B Klaproth, Anthony E. Civitarese, D Eckland, A Dagar, D F Hopkins, Kari Stefansson, C Gonzalez-Yanes, B Meyboom-de Jong, D. J. Betteridge, K Buhling, M Crepaldi, Ana M. Wägner, L Renna, L Volpe, R McBride, V Corbo, E O Brennesvik, R P Hayes, R Abdollahnia, G Viviani, C F Liew, Francisco Pérez-Bravo, Jeffrey Baron, Brian M. Frier, H H Samira, D Szentendrei, K. J. Schjoedt, W K Waldhäusl, D Gniuli, D Zou, G Tschank, V Urbančič, A L Nolan, Albertini J-P., J Malcomson, M Larbig, C Cheyssac, K Aurich, C M Kesson, S Heller, Maija E. Miettinen, R F Luco, Adrian J. Cameron, Luigi Mattiello, Z. Metelko, X E Zhang, M Parramón, I. G. Obrosova, J Fruchart, M Ilic, Björn Eliasson, Gilles Chatellier, M A Martín, D M Kendall, Holger Luthman, V F Varillas, D Maccubbin, Jang S-A., Amalia Gastaldelli, E Salzsieder, P. de Mol, A Yoshida, H D Lindner, D Gostiljac, M Just, Pan C-Y., J M Fujitaki, G Eiermann, K Bergenheim, A D Frick, A Agacdiken, K Varytimiadis, K Cseh, D A Jackson, S Calderari, Dena G. Hernandez, H M Liebich, K Min, F. de Zegher, Bernd Kulzer, K Han, Ulrich A. Müller, D Marrero, H Hatakeyama, René Koopman, Doo H-K., Petr Wohl, P. Sharp, P Forder, Thor Aspelund, N Meneveau, R M Schmülling, R Aubert, Thom Sam., H Youshikawa, M Ankelo, D Bowden, I Kelly, Frédéric Fumeron, M Sartini, Robert S. Sherwin, L Varadhan, A Criscimanna, John Betteridge, V Jelic, M Bartnik, N Lemke, B Ursø, A Bertoldo, A M Owona, H Okochi, L Pérez-Tamajó, S L Monfre, Daniel Brandhorst, K T Legg, Andries J. Smit, Veronica Sancho, Masashi Hirai, C Klein, Paul J. Thornalley, A Chaidaroglou, K Miura, B Zinman, O M Dvoynishnikova, J Plank, Jan Bolinder, C Lush, B Rubi, R Pozzilli, M Bashir, S A Shtandel, F Mosca, A Naskalska, Josef Vcelak, U Sausbier, P Cavaiani, T U Baehring, Michele Solimena, P Formisano, M Rastaldi, Bernard Thorens, J Ruzzin, E Arbit, M. Hori, Torkel B. Brismar, E Soltes Rak, A Filo, P Heinke, Matthew P. Coghlan, M Masotti, I Perevozskaya, K Ahn, I Moules, K Van Dyck, I Goldstein, Z Mathe, G Z Zhao, S Fajardo, J Taylor, S Chrul, J C Pareja, D Hadjidakis, A J Scheen, N Siddiqua, D C Cavan, R Grella, Krabbe S, H J Rochlitz, A E Hinkkanen, W Wilpshaar, Richard Stevens, M Dreyer, S Hara, X Wang, Melania Manco, D Gillen, Magalie A. Ravier, Olli Simell, John C. Lawrence, Kohnert K-D., Agardh C-D., A Berghold, L Kristensen, Grant Sfa., N Gursoy, Leif Groop, N Freemantle, Anja Schweizer, L Pala, Legros J-J., C. Di Pietro, N. Yamamoto, J Magyar, B Nikolovski, H Ikeda, D Lee, Bruce A. Buckingham, A O Wollitzer, I Kennedy, C Ernest, Neville H. McClenaghan, S Tanaka, Asimina Mitrakou, T Heinze, W Kerner, Moeenaldeen Al-Sayed, Charles Thivolet, L Klaff, A Miconi, Cristina Valeri, J. O. Christensen, K. Ekberg, A Jardine, T Endo, X Zhang, D F Child, A Kienitz, D K Seidel, H. Tada, Sylvie Abouna, Cyrus Cooper, Catherine R Chittleborough, Roberta Assaloni, S Corbi, A K Bose, K Ozawa, C Ahn, K A Deans, G Jackowski, Martin Gibson, Patrick McElduff, O A Mojiminiyi, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, O Dupuy, A L Davydov, Iwar Klimes, Sten-Anders Ivarsson, N Ichino, R Matsutomo, E R Smith, A Stefanovska, B Dehmel, K Koniavitou, E Agascioglu, M Hatazaki, J. M. Gibson, T Yada, P Ribaux, M Rupnik, K Fridell, G Scutaru, L Chugunova, Henrietta Mulnier, A Kendereski, H Lehnert, C Billi, M Sobczak, Francisco M-Mj., L K Archibald, S Sukumvanich, David B. Dunger, I. Benke, G Yillar, N Stingemore, J. M. Boavida, Y Shi, Jimmy D. Bell, L Bozzetto, Andrew J. Ahmann, E Jebens, J Keiding, Elena Henkel, Mark Fineman, J F McRae, Carol Forsblom, S Martemucci, Lourdes Ibáñez, P G Prieto, L Ringholm Nielsen, S Pratas, B von Stritzky, Julio Rosenstock, Lee K-W., J Stocks, L J Strow, I Samarguliani, L Wennekes, R Cheung, Abhishek Nag, Roberto Gambino, Y Suleymanoglu, E Murphy, T T Durck, M F Peyrot, Y Unno, Alexander Mayorov, Eleuterio Ferrannini, D. C. Rao, D Neely, H Karunajeewa, J Palmisano, Julia B. Lewis, M Ravid, G Pons, E Junca, P Vexiau, S Sailesh, D K Miloslavskiy, O N Bondarenko, U Smith, S Torri, Constantine Tsigos, Cesario Bianchi, Mattia Locatelli, D Jaquet, Virpi Lindi, M Moroi, M E Tushuizen, P Pelicci, R Scognamiglio, Pal Pacher, S M Thyssen, A Péterfalvi, Y Ho, S Guntram, L Romics, T Nakagami, Clive S. Cockram, Irina Kowalska, K Brodbeck, Gojka Roglic, J. Dörig, Lise Tarnow, Therese Tillin, A López-Alba, Martin Krššák, Moses Elisaf, S Hata, D P Snoeck, D Schmoll, O V Udovichenko, A Scaramuzza, J Paul, John H. 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Liu, H, Jeong, I, Chae, M, Choi, M, Yoo, H, Kim, C, Yun, M, Na, M, Kang, Y, Kong, O, Son, S, Kim, I, Tanaka, N, Hosoi, M, Matsuyama, Y, Fukumoto, M, Yamakita, T, Yoshioka, K, Ishii, T, Sato, T, Fujii, S, Aoki, T, Shibata, T, Mizutani, N, Suzuki, J, Fowelin, J, Samuelsson, P, Brandrup wogsen, G, Okumura, K, Tokmakova, A, Staroverova, D, Antcieferov, M, Shutichina, I, Kuntchevich, G, Vriesendorp, T, Morélis, Q, Legemate, D, Schaper, F, Mainas, E, Gkioulmpasanis, I, Panagiotou, I, Vassilikos, G, Skorda, L, Sidira, M, Christoforidou, M, Alaveras, A, Artikis, V, Evdemon, E, Lechleitner, M, Koch, T, Ebenbichler, C, Sturm, W, Moretti, L, Moruzzo, D, Boldrini, E, Pandolfo, C, Kameyama, M, Iwasa, R, Cho, M, Nam, J, Huh, K, Kaplar, M, Paragh, G, Erdei, A, Csongradi, E, Garai, I, Varga, J, Galuska, L, Udvardy, M, Higa, M, Kaneko, Y, Hiroi, N, Koziarska, D, Nowacki, P, Majkowska, L, Luzniak, P, Wojciechowska luźniak, A, Tushuizen, M, Nieuwland, R, Snoeck, D, Sturk, A, Diamant, M, Aguiar, L, Bahia, L, Villela, N, Laflor, C, Conde, C, Bottino, D, Dorigo, D, Bouskela, E, Pu, S, Luo, Z, Lam, K, Dan, Q, Xu, A, Shen, J, Cheng, K, Xu, J, Thamer, C, Stefan, N, Haap, M, Heller, E, Tschritter, O, De Prado, A, Ortiz, A, Ybarra, J, Gich, I, Pou, J, Ehren, M, Roggenland, D, Reinsen, B, Klein, H, Rittig, K, Stock, J, Kocher, B, Balletshofer, B, Shon, H, Chung, D, Nakatani, Y, Matsuhisa, M, Kaneto, H, Hatazaki, M, Yoshiuchi, K, Katakami, N, Kawamori, D, Ohtoshi, K, Sakamoto, K, Matsuoka, T, Ozawa, K, Ogawa, S, Hori, M, Yamasaki, Y, Zitouni, K, Harry, D, Nourooz zadeh, J, Earle, K, Olesen, P, Franco, L, Corvaja, C, Semplicini, A, Ceylan işık, A, Arı, N, Rösen, P, Lee, I, Park, K, Jung, E, Shin, D, Jo, S, Obuobie, K, Prakash, P, Hanna, F, Lazarus, J, Varadhan, L, Gurushankar, J, James, D, Sheikh, S, Gaede, P, Zou, D, Vilarrasa, N, Perez maraver, M, Mena, E, Perez, D, Setti, G, Buckingham, R, Urbančič, V, Stefanovska, A, Bernjak, A, Ažman juvan, K, Kocijančič, A, Glowania, A, Filters, T, Fosmark, D, Torjesen, P, Kilhovd, B, Berg, T, Sandvik, L, Hanssen, K, Mentink, C, Donchenko, G, Stepanenko, S, Maingrette, F, Deng, H, Lindenmair, A, Freudenthaler, A, Baumgartner parzer, S, Nizheradze, K, Khoruzhenko, A, Tronko, N, Sheu, W, Ou, H, Shen, H, Lin, T, Wu, H, Yang, C, Mogylnytska, L, Schmoelzer, I, Davies, J, Band, M, Struthers, A, Prázný, M, Škrha, J, Kasalová, Z, Neelotpol, S, Jahan, P, Kauschke, S, Harrop, C, Schäfer, A, Widder, J, Eigenthaler, M, Walter, U, Uchimura, I, Ikebukuro, M, Kaibara, M, Hirata, M, Helal, R, Pervin, F, Yang, X, Jansson, P, Nagaev, I, Jack, M, Carvalho, E, Sunnerhagen, K, Cam, M, Cushman, S, Smith, U, Creely, S, Farmer, J, Gustafson, B, Kusminski, C, Krusinova, E, Wohl, P, Klementova, M, Lanska, V, Mcdougall, C, Kelly, I, Abbas, Z, Lutale, J, Archibald, L, Karunajeewa, H, Stingemore, N, Stuccio, G, Mcgechie, D, Muller, L, Hak, E, Goudzwaard, W, Montorsi, F, Homering, M, Sprenger, K, Goldstein, I, Asnaghi, V, Ferrari, G, Rastaldi, M, Gabellini, D, Dell'Antonio, G, Maestroni, A, Ruggieri, D, Luzi, L, Piemonti, L, Zerbini, G, Anafaroglu, I, Tutuncu, N, Sultana, M, Siddiqua, N, Iwasaki, T, Nakajima, A, Yoneda, M, Mukasa, K, Tanaka, S, and Sekihara, H
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, EASD, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Family medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Published: 2004

21. The SCGM1 System: subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring based on microdialysis technique

Author: Michael Schoemaker, Werner Strohmeier, Helmut Rinne, Josef Röper, Uwe Wittmann, Karin Obermaier, Reinhard Kotulla, Peter Stephan, Heinz Kontschieder, Malte Rutschmann, Ralf Schwaninger, Volker Lodwig, Elisabeth Andreis, and Wilhelm Reuschling
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Microdialysis, Continuous glucose monitoring, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Reproducibility of Results, Extracellular Fluid, Equipment Design, Medical Laboratory Technology, Endocrinology, Glucose, Interstitial fluid, Medicine, Humans, business, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The SCGM1 System is designed to allow continuous glucose monitoring in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid for up to 120 h. The system is based on the microdialysis technique and is composed of three components: (1) a disposable Cassette, which contains the microdialysis catheter (with the necessary tubes), an electrochemical flow-through sensor for glucose measurement, and the fluid reservoirs for both the microdialysis perfusate and a reagent solution containing glucose oxidase; (2) the Sensor Unit, which houses the Cassette and is worn by the patient using a belt pack; and (3) the Data Manager, with an integrated blood glucose meter for the calibration of the glucose signal. The Data Manager also has the option of displaying the continuous glucose signal. The Sensor Unit and Data Manager exchange glucose data and calibration data by radio transmission. In vitro precision was assessed by measurements of two standard glucose solutions (90 mg/dL, 3.4%; 360 mg/dL, 2.4%) over a time course of 4 days. The mean difference (+/- SD) between SCGM1 System devices (n = 11) and 15 glucose standard solutions with different concentrations was 1.4 +/- 3.5 mg/dL. The mean relative difference and the mean absolute relative difference ranged from - 0.6% to 3.7% and from 0.2% to 3.8%, respectively. The inherent physical lag time was 31 +/- 2 min (n = 10). The interference on the glucose signal of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid at the highest physiological concentrations was below 4%. The SCGM1 System showed a reliable and precise performance under in vitro conditions.
Published: 2003

22. Continuous glucose monitoring with glucose sensors: calibration and assessment criteria

Author: Lutz Heinemann and Volker Lodwig
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Measure (data warehouse), business.industry, Calibration (statistics), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glucose Measurement, Explained sum of squares, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Extracellular Fluid, Signal, Medical Laboratory Technology, Endocrinology, Glucose, Reference Values, Linear regression, Calibration, Diabetes Mellitus, Medicine, Humans, Glucose sensors, business, Blood Glucose Measurement, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Continuous glucose monitoring (CM) by means of minimally invasive or noninvasive glucose sensors can help to further optimize metabolic control in patients with diabetes without need for frequent capillary blood glucose measurements. Most glucose sensors measure glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid (ISF). Because of the varying conditions in this compartment, a general in vitro calibration ( = factory calibration) by the manufacturer appears not to be possible. Therefore, calibration of the sensor signal must be performed by the patient himself repeatedly. The calibration procedure can be performed by means of conventional capillary blood glucose measurements in order to transform the sensor signals obtained from the specific compartment (e.g., ISF) into "blood" glucose values. A number of aspects can influence the validity of this procedure. The relationship between changes in blood glucose and in ISF glucose, in both time and concentration dimensions, is not well understood, especially during dynamic changes. The physical lag time, which critically depends on the glucose sensor technology used, can also introduce a systematic calibration error. After the first calibration, usually performed some hours after the application of a given glucose sensor, recalibration at certain intervals is necessary. Therefore, patients should critically assess the values displayed by a CM system. In the case of implausible glucose values they should verify the results by means of a conventional capillary glucose measurement. Up to now there is no consensus on assessment criteria to be used for evaluation of CM system performance and calibration quality. Existing methods of displaying CM values against corresponding reference values, including linear regression analysis and error grid analysis, as well as numeric criteria such as System Error, Predicted Error Sum of Squares (in %), and Mean Absolute Deviation are not generally applicable to CM. It appears as if they do not allow sufficient description of data obtained with CM systems. There is a pressing need to develop novel adequate assessment criteria enabling a better characterization of CM system performance. If these were used uniformly by all manufacturers and scientists assessing CM systems, this would allow a fair comparison of the performance of different systems.
Published: 2003

23. Continuous glucose monitoring: reliable measurements for up to 4 days with the SCGM1 system

Author: Karsten Jungheim, Karin Obermaier, Volker Lodwig, Christoph Kapitza, Lutz Heinemann, Klaas Hoogenberg, and Klaas-Jan Cornelis Wientjes
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Microdialysis, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Normal diet, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Body Mass Index, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Reference Values, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Age of Onset, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Insulin, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, Surgery, Medical Laboratory Technology, Postprandial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Glucose, chemistry, Glycated hemoglobin, Nuclear medicine, business, Subcutaneous tissue
Abstract: Continuous glucose monitoring allows patients with diabetes to check their metabolic status throughout the day, including rarely monitored time periods, such as postprandial and nocturnal periods. The performance of a prototype of the novel SCGM1 System (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) employing the microdialysis technique was evaluated. Forty-two patients with type 1 diabetes participated in the study [29 males/13 females, age 34 +/- 9 years, duration of diabetes 16 +/- 11 years, glycated hemoglobin 7.7 +/- 1.2% (mean +/- SD)]. Forty-seven experiments were performed at four different investigational sites. A microdialysis catheter was inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of the patient's abdominal wall. Glucose was extracted from the interstitial fluid, and glucose levels were determined and stored by the SCGM1 System continuously for the duration of the experiment. Capillary blood glucose was measured frequently (at least 10 times per day) and used for linear retrospective calibration. The patients were instructed to maintain their normal diet and insulin therapy. Thirty experiments (mean duration 103 +/- 18 h) were analyzed in detail. The mean deviation of the calibrated glucose sensor values from the capillary blood glucose values (expressed as percent predicted error sum of squares) was
Published: 2003

24. Immortal time bias does not invalidate the association of self-monitoring of blood glucose with better survival of patients with type 2 diabetes in the epidemiological study ROSSO (Retrolective Study: Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes)

Author: Hubert Kolb, Berthold Schneider, S. Martin, Volker Lodwig, Lutz Heinemann, and Werner A. Scherbaum
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Retrospective cohort study, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract: To the Editor: We read Hoffmann and Andersohn’s article that was published recently in Diabetologia [1] with interest. They conclude that our retrospective study of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes (Retrolective Study: Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; ROSSO) was severely flawed. They conclude that, contrary to what we have published [2], SMBG is not associated with a 51% reduction of all-cause mortality, but rather, that SMBG is associated with an almost doubled risk (195%). Hoffmann and Andersohn claim that our analysis ignored immortal time bias. This type of bias may indeed strongly affect the outcome of epidemiological studies. They refer to work by Suissa [3], who suggested using Cox proportional hazards modelling with time-dependent exposures to avoid immortal time bias. Hoffmann and Andersohn were apparently not aware that we published such an analysis 3 years ago [4]. The time-dependence of SMBG and treatment with insulin and oral glucoselowering drugs was modelled by time functions of followup years with value 1 if in a year the manoeuvre (SMBG, therapy with insulin, therapy with oral glucose-lowering drug) was performed, and 0 otherwise. For the hazard of non-fatal or fatal endpoints the estimated coefficient exp(B) for the time function of follow-up years with SMBG is 0.037 (95% CI 0.009–0.159). This suggests a statistically significant benefit of SMBG use in decreasing the hazard for
Published: 2010

25. Response to Ward

Author: Adelbert J. Schoonen, Volker Lodwig, Karsten Jungheim, Klaas-Jan Cornelis Wientjes, Theodor Koschinsky, and Lutz Heinemann
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, medicine.medical_specialty, Microdialysis, Continuous glucose monitoring, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, medicine, Regression analysis, Intensive care medicine, business, Stepwise approach
Abstract: We read with interest the comments of Ward (1) on our microdialysis-based continuous glucose monitoring system. We especially appreciate that he shares our delight on the stability (i.e., lack of time-dependent signal decline) of this system, which has been verified by standardized regression analysis. Furthermore, Ward raises the important general question of the optimal way to evaluate a continuous glucose monitoring device—an open question so far. Our suggestion is to perform an evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring device in a stepwise approach consisting of a …
Published: 2002

26. Erratum to: Oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes in patients undergoing coronary angiography: the Silent Diabetes Study

Author: Oliver Schnell, Tobias Lohmann, Lutz Heinemann, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, D. Sturm, R. Doerr, Volker Lodwig, U. Hoffmann, S. G. Spitzer, D. Tschoepe, W. Otter, W. Hunger-Battefeld, Bernd Kulzer, J. Stumpf, and A. Klinge
Subjects: Coronary angiography, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, Test (assessment), Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Cardiology, In patient, Oral glucose tolerance, business
Published: 2011

27. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Early Years After Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Relation to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose.

Author: Stephan Martin, Hubert Kolb, Berthold Schneider, Lutz Heinemann, Christian Weber, Serge Kocher, Jacques K.T. Tshiananga, Werner A. Scherbaum, and Volker Lodwig
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Reliable Measurements for up to 4 Days with the SCGM1 System.

Author: Christoph Kapitza, Volker Lodwig, Karin Obermaier, Klaas Jan C. Wientjes, Klaas Hoogenberg, Karsten Jungheim, and Lutz Heinemann
Published: 2003

29. Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Glucose Sensors: Calibration and Assessment Criteria.

Author: Volker Lodwig and Lutz Heinemann
Published: 2003

30. Hypoglycemia Warning Signal and Glucose Sensors: Requirements and Concepts.

Author: Tim Heise, Theodor Koschinsky, Lutz Heinemann, and Volker Lodwig
Published: 2003

31. Type 2 diabetes phenotype and progression is significantly different if diagnosed before versus after 65 years of age.

Author: Hubert Kolb, Berthold Schneider, Lutz Heinemann, Tim Heise, Volker Lodwig, Jacques K Tshiang Tshiananga, Christian Weber, Werner A Scherbaum, and Stephan Martin
Abstract: Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing disproportionately in individuals <65 years of age. It is not known whether disease characteristics in these younger patients are similar to "classic" late-onset type 2 diabetes., Methods: In the epidemiological cohort study entitled "Retrolective Study: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes," a total of 3268 patients from randomly contacted primary care practices were documented during a mean follow-up period of 6.5 years. All newly diagnosed patients of these practices were included., Results: At diagnosis, 64.2% of the patients were aged < or =65 years. Thereof, 57.2% were male, whereas in the age group >65 years only 35.0% were male (p < 0.001). The younger group exhibited more severe metabolic deterioration at diagnosis and in the following years than the older group. Conversely, the older group presented at diagnosis with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was more prominent in the younger group. In both age groups, the use of SMBG was associated with a significantly lower risk (p = 0.003) of a combined end point (severe diabetic complication or all-cause mortality)., Conclusions: There are considerable differences in disease characteristics between people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during 45-65 years of age versus diagnosis at a later age. Type 2 diabetes diagnosed before the age of 65 years disproportionately affected men and exhibited a more severe disease course, but was characterized by significantly less cardiovascular risk factors in comparison to type 2 diabetes diagnosed at a later age. The use of SMBG was associated with a better clinical outcome in both age groups.
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

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31 results on '"Volker Lodwig"'

1. Artificial pancreas systems for people with type 2 diabetes: Conception and design of the european CLOSE project

2. Assessing the Analytical Performance of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Concepts of Performance Evaluation and Definition of Metrological Key Terms

3. Interrelations between Diabetes Therapy, Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose and Non-fatal or Fatal Endpoints in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

4. Oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes in patients undergoing coronary angiography the Silent Diabetes Study

5. A 3-year follow-up of the Silent Diabetes Study

6. Are Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Self-Monitor Blood Glucose Special? The Role of Confounders in the Observational ROSSO Study

7. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Early Years After Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Relation to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

8. Performance Comparison of CGM Systems: MARD Values Are Not Always a Reliable Indicator of CGM System Accuracy

9. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes and long-term outcome: an epidemiological cohort study

10. Hypoglycemia Warning Signal and Glucose Sensors: Requirements and Concepts

11. Current Trends in Continuous Glucose Monitoring

12. What Are the Next Steps in Continuous Glucose Monitoring?

13. Adiponectin in coronary heart disease and newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance

14. Accuracy in Blood Glucose Measurement: What Will a Tightening of Requirements Yield?

15. Die 'Silent Diabetes' Studie: Oraler Glukosetoleranztest vs. HbA1c zur Neudiagnose des Diabetes bei Patienten mit KHK-Verdacht

16. Interrelations between diabetes therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose, blood glucose and non-fatal or fatal endpoints in patients with type 2 diabetes / results of a longitudinal cohort study (ROSSO 5)

17. Type 2 Diabetes Phenotype and Progression Is Significantly Different if Diagnosed before versus after 65 Years of Age

18. Cost impact of blood glucose self-monitoring on complications of type 2 diabetes: a Swiss perspective (ROSSO study No.11)

19. Is self-monitoring of blood glucose appropriate for all type 2 diabetic patients? The Fremantle Diabetes Study

20. 40(th) EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

21. The SCGM1 System: subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring based on microdialysis technique

22. Continuous glucose monitoring with glucose sensors: calibration and assessment criteria

23. Continuous glucose monitoring: reliable measurements for up to 4 days with the SCGM1 system

24. Immortal time bias does not invalidate the association of self-monitoring of blood glucose with better survival of patients with type 2 diabetes in the epidemiological study ROSSO (Retrolective Study: Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes)

25. Response to Ward

26. Erratum to: Oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes in patients undergoing coronary angiography: the Silent Diabetes Study

27. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Early Years After Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Relation to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose.

28. Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Reliable Measurements for up to 4 Days with the SCGM1 System.

29. Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Glucose Sensors: Calibration and Assessment Criteria.

30. Hypoglycemia Warning Signal and Glucose Sensors: Requirements and Concepts.

31. Type 2 diabetes phenotype and progression is significantly different if diagnosed before versus after 65 years of age.

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