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La ricerca si propone di ricostruire le cosmologie delle vittime di acid attacks. In particolare, adottando una prospettiva interazionista radicale e narrativa, vengono analizzate le difficoltà psicosociali cui vanno incontro le vittime in seguito all’attacco, le strategie di adattamento che queste adottano per farvi fronte, gli aspetti relazionali e il ruolo attivo e riflessivo che queste assumono nell’intepretare e rappresentare la propria vita prima, durante e dopo il reato. A tale fine ci si è avvalsi dell’uso di interviste semi-strutturate indirizzate a tre vittime italiane di vitriolage, nel corso delle quali sono state anche somministrate le scale Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Derriford Appearance Scale short-form (DAS24), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQoL Bref), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale e Fear Questionnaire (FQ). Attraverso l’uso di ampie citazioni delle narrazioni dei survivors, la ricerca intende valorizzare la ricostruzione della prospettiva soggettiva e personale dei soggetti indagati., The study aims to investigate the cosmologies of the acid attacks victims. Specifically, it analyzes the psychosocial difficulties of the victims caused by the attack, the coping strategies adopted by them to address it, the relational issues and the reflexivity which characterizes them in interpreting and representing their life before, during and after the crime, from a radical interactionist and a narrative approach. The research employs semi-structured interviews addressed to three Italian vitriolage victims, during which were administred also the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Derriford Appearance Scale short-form (DAS24), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQoL Bref), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale e Fear Questionnaire (FQ). Using broad quotations of the survivors’ narratives, the research aims to enhance the personal and subjective point of view of the investigated subjects.

La questione degli abusi nella Chiesa chiede il contributo della teologia. In particolare, domanda di contrapporre a una "teologia dei carnefici" una "teologia delle vittime", che diventano testimoni nel far fronte all'abuso subito. L'articolo propone tre questioni emergenti: il ministero presbiterale, l'immaginario, il femminile.

L'editoriale presenta i risultati del progetto Victims and Corporations. Implementation of Directive 2012/29/EU for Victims of Corporate Crimes and Corporate Violence, finanziato dal programma “Giustizia” dell’Unione Europea (Agr. n. - JUST/2014/JACC/AG/VICT/7417)

Being an introductory essay to a book which is the final publication of the EU-funded project “Victims and Corporations. Implementation of Directive 2012/29/EU for victims of corporate crimes and corporate violence” (www.victimsandcorporations.eu), it is an overview of the main topics therein. Within the scope of the Directive and its definition of ‘victim’, though, there is a relevant group of victims who have not yet received enough consideration, and whose access to justice may be at stake. It is the victims of corporate crimes, and particularly of corporate violence, meaning those criminal offences committed by corporations in the course of their legitimate activities, which result in harms to natural persons’ health, integrity, or life. Within the vast area of corporate crime, the project and this publication focus on three main strands of victimisation: environmental crime, food safety violations and offences in the pharmaceutical industry. Within such framework, the essay especially focuses on one crucial feature in the relationship between corporations and victims of corporate violence, namely the epistemic disproportion disadvantaging the formers and preventing their ability to protect themselves. Secrecy, which is typical feature of organizations makes this disproportion still worse and acts also as a shield for corporate executives from the real consequences of their decisions. Victim protection and corporate violence prevention thus require legal and cultural tools addressing such epistemic disadvantage and arousing, among corporate managers, the due ‘salience’ of actual or potential victims needs. Just the recourse to restorative justice may be included among the ways to favour such a paradigm shift.

Attraverso la coltre oscura, tragica e irredimibile della guerra riesce talora a filtrare qualche bagliore di verità e dignità, di ‘tregue pensose’: atti di riconoscimento del ‘volto dell’altro’, azioni giuste, oltre la semplice obbedienza all’ordine ricevuto. È la narrazione letteraria che sa disvelare, nelle ‘tempeste d’acciaio’ del conflitto di massa e della carneficina industrializzata, non meno che nelle vite di ogni giorno, quanto vi è di ‘spiritualmente tipico’: la ‘dimensione spettrale’, come avrebbe detto lo scrittore Robert Musil, in cui si invera l’‘umano’. Si può forse pensare che questa magia di disvelamento, che si rinnova ogni volta nelle grandi narrazioni, non sia destinata a illuminare – ieri, oggi e sempre – chi, per professione o per semplice appartenenza al genere umano, voglia debba confrontarsi con la ‘domanda di giustizia’? E che ad addensare ancor più questa domanda, guidandola verso risposte possibili, non sia proprio lo sguardo di una letteratura che abbia saputo penetrare nell’estremo scempio della guerra, di una guerra che è stata detta Grande? La Grande Guerra. Storie e parole di giustizia è ricerca dolente e partecipe di ‘parole giuste’, ispirate dalle storie di chi o su chi ha attraversato gli abissi di un conflitto mai veramente finito, perché coagulo e anticipazione di molti degli orrori dei nostri recenti passati e di un presente che ancora non riesce a liberarsi dallo spettro di Polemos. ., Through the obscure, tragic and irredeemable clouds of war, sometimes filters out some gleam of truth and dignity: 'thoughtful truces', acts of recognition of the 'face of the other', right actions, beyond the simple obedience to the order received. It is the literary narrative that knows how to distinguish, in the 'steel storms' of mass conflict and industrial carnage, no less than in everyday lives, what is 'spiritually typical', the 'spectral dimension' ', as the Austrian writer Robert Musil would have said, in which the human mettle can show itself. One may perhaps think that this magic of disarmament, which is renewed every time in the great narratives, is destined to enlighten - yesterday, today and always - those who, by profession and by simple belonging to the human race, desire and must confront themselves. with the 'question of justice'. To thicken even more this great issue, guiding it to possible answers, it is really the look of literature that has been able to penetrate the extreme destruction of the war, of a war that has been called ‘Great’. The book - a collection of essays written by lawyers, historians, political scientists, literary and film critics, philosophers and writers - is a painful and participatory search for 'right words', inspired by the stories of those who have crossed the abysses of the conflict. A war that can be named Great also because it really never ended as it epitomized and anticipated many of the horrors of our recent past and of a present that still is not able to free itself from the ghost of “Polemos”, from the hostility towards all those who are or may be deemed as ‘other’, namely as people somewhat looked and treated as adversaries

white-collar crimes and corporate violence are defined and discussed from a victims perspective, especially highlighted and enhanced by the EU Directive n.29/2012 which is deemed as having effected a groundbreaking change in the approach to criminal justice and environmental issues. The essay is largely based on the outcomes of a research funded by the European Commission that has been coordinated by the author.

Evento epocale della storia italiana, dove mito e verità si confondono, Caporetto è altresì alla base di un certo modo di pensare le relazioni tra individui e tra questi ultimi e lo Stato, secondo il quale il singolo è solo parte della massa che può essere pilotata per il raggiungimento degli scopi perseguiti dai detentori del potere. Riflettere su Caporetto in prospettiva giusletteraria è quindi un passaggio essenziale per comprendere la genesi di alcune ricorrenti ingiustizie nella contemporaneità e fornisce utili suggerimenti in chiave politico-criminale.

The contents of the book are introduced, focusing on the aim therein of highliting, through literature and stories, the destinies of the many forgotten victims of the conflict (e.g. civil populations killed, deported or compelled to flee; women; POW and deserters, etc.) and how their misery largely depended upon the attitude to label as hostile or simply "other" all people living beyond a physical or, more often than not, a mental border.

Through the obscure, tragic and irredeemable clouds of war, sometimes filters out some gleam of truth and dignity: 'thoughtful truces', acts of recognition of the 'face of the other', right actions, beyond the simple obedience to the order received. It is the literary narrative that knows how to distinguish, in the 'steel storms' of mass conflict and industrial carnage, no less than in everyday lives, what is 'spiritually typical', the 'spectral dimension' ', as the Austrian writer Robert Musil would have said, in which the human mettle can show itself. One may perhaps think that this magic of disarmament, which is renewed every time in the great narratives, is destined to enlighten - yesterday, today and always - those who, by profession and by simple belonging to the human race, desire and must confront themselves. with the 'question of justice'. To thicken even more this great issue, guiding it to possible answers, it is really the look of literature that has been able to penetrate the extreme destruction of the war, of a war that has been called ‘Great’. The book - a collection of essays written by lawyers, historians, political scientists, literary and film critics, philosophers and writers - is a painful and participatory search for 'right words', inspired by the stories of those who have crossed the abysses of the conflict. A war that can be named Great also because it really never ended as it epitomized and anticipated many of the horrors of our recent past and of a present that still is not able to free itself from the ghost of “Polemos”, from the hostility towards all those who are or may be deemed as ‘other’, namely as people somewhat looked and treated as adversaries

Traduzione dall'inglese all'italiano

Il saggio esplora la “giustizia di Primo Levi”, da un punto di osservazione penalistico e criminologico interessato alla domanda di giustizia e al rapporto che quest’ultima genera tra la persona offesa e il colpevole. Primo Levi è qui avvicinato in quanto vittima: i suoi scritti offrono allo studioso del diritto penale la preziosa possibilità di incontrare e conoscere con rara lucidità e precisione lo spettro di esperienze di un essere umano che subisce, fra l’altro, alcuni dei crimini più orrendi che la storia del male criminale abbia portato sulla scena del mondo, crimini alle prese con i quali gli ordinamenti giuridici interni e il diritto internazionale sono tuttora alle prime armi. Primo Levi si muove nei territori del dolore e della morte generati dal crimine al modo in cui C.S. Lewis scandaglia, nel suo ‘diario’ autobiografico, quelli del dolore e della morte provocati dalla malattia: A Grief Observed è l’efficacissimo titolo originale di quell’opera. A Crime Observed potrebbe essere l’immaginario titolo sotto cui, a beneficio dei giuristi, compendiare i testi autobiografici di Levi. Questa ‘osservazione’ privilegiata restituisce al giurista una conoscenza particolare della domanda di giustizia della vittima, una domanda che – in Primo Levi – si esprime significativamente nella forma di un’accusa, non di una richiesta di vendetta o punizione., From its juridical and criminological perspective, this essay explores the ‘Justice of Primo Levi’, i.e. how the concept of Justice seems to be viewed by Primo Levi thoughout his literary works. The interest here is to explore the victims’ quest for justice and the particular relationship between victims and perpetrators that this quest originates through the autobiographical literary and poetical works by Primo Levi, a victim himself. Levi’s masterpieces – If this is a Man, The Drowned and the Saved, and some of his poems – allow Law and Criminology scholars to delve into the experience of victimization with the extraordinary lucidity and precision that the Italian writer is capable of. Primo Levi describes sorrow and death caused by genocide, crimes against humanity, and gross violations of human rights, in all their different realizations, in ways reminiscent of C.S. Lewis when he describes sorrow and death caused by disease. A Grief Observed is the stunning title of C.S. Lewis’ diary. A Crime Observed is the imaginary title that the Author of this article would attribute to Levi’s autobiographical books and poetry if read through the lenses of Law and Criminology. This peculiar ‘observation’ of crime – of the out-of-scale crimes that legal systems can hardly manage – returns a unique knowledge of the quest for Justice that victims often demand. We discover that Primo Levi, the Victim, expresses his demand for Justice in the form of a ‘narrative’ accusation, and not in the form of revenge or desire for punishment against the perpetrators.