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Copyright of Synergy (1841-7191) is the property of Editura ASE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the literary, narrative and cultural function performed by Michele Ardengo’s model of corporeity in Gli indifferenti, intended as a tool for probing the inner life of the character and of an entire social class. I will underline how the internal and external representation of the character are closely connected according to a still early twentieth century vision, whereby the evils of the soul are reflected on those of a physical type. I will also investigate the role that Michele’s pre-existentialist body image plays within the novel and the relationship first with Leo Merumeci and his sister Carla and then with the male characters of the adolescent trilogy, formed by Inverno di malato, Agostino and La disubbidienza.

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work I expose an analysis of the different discourses and imaginaries of masculinity that appear in Bolivian contemporary cinema. Specially, my study focuses in two films, Rodrigo Bellot’s Dependencia sexual and Juan Carlos Valdivia’s Zona Sur. I posit that there is a prevailing masculinity expression, virility, which comes from a social construction that drives men to a situation of constantly doing the effort of showing power. Nevertheless, the study also highlights other ways in which different versions of masculinity are shown and their typical issues. Finally, this work tries to adopt a structural look of masculinity imaginaries, these being a determining tool to negotiate within social contract.

The main hypothesis of this work is that national heroes have been for a long time a tool for the dissemination of dominant masculinity and the legitimisation of the patriarchal order established in Central America since the proclamation of independence in 1821. In the first part, breaks and continuities in the evolution of the heroic models are examined, and the place of women in the official narrative is determined. The third and last part looks at current issues of the links between history and gender.

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the way pastors view masculinity through three main themes: the ideal of the Christian man, the necessary domination over women, and the role of men in the Church. One can conclude that a masculine model is manifested in practices of domination in the family, of active behavior in the exercise of sexuality, of power in ecclesial society. All this allows the man to be defined as superior to the woman and to dominate her. But men were also asked to obey the authorities, to be gentle and peaceful, which allowed the idea of opposition between a model advocated by the pastors and a more traditional model more associated with virility to be put forward. The Reformation could thus have contributed to a redefinition of gender and the promotion of a 'moderate masculinity' that was very much influenced by religious discourse.

The paper explores the discourses around masculinity and modernity intertwined in intellectual elites' representations during the turn of the twentieth century. The analysis uses a close-reading of certain cases -cultural magazines, eulogies, literary works- that illustrate such discourses. The article shows the elites' efforts for positioning Peru within the realm of the civilized countries and as part of the advancement of Western modernity. To do so, they tried to describe the virile, strenuous, and rational character of the men than inhabited the country. On the hand, elites extolled the heroic character --in terms of hegemonic masculinity-- of leading Peruvian figures to counter the pessimism after the War of the Pacific military defeat. In the same vein, the subsequent enthusiasm during the Aristocratic Republic was anchored in the possibilities to transform the Peruvian subjects towards greater whiteness, masculinity, and civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay asks if there is in the intellectual, literary and political production of Georges Bataille a subversion of evil as the virile desire for sovereignty and power. To answer this, it approaches the conceptualization that Bataille did on virility in three distinctive moments of his oeuvre. The first one is during his militancy in the movement Contre-Attaque, in which he conceived virility as a belligerent will against fascism. The second one corresponds to the foundation of Acéphale and the believe that virility implied the heroic apprehension of the existence as a whole and not just the one imposed by modern civilization. Finally, the third moment is marked by the inner experience, which I defend to be the meditative itinerary in which the virile desire is subverted. The essay concludes, nonetheless, raising critiques and questions about this same experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drosophila research has identified a new feature of aging that has been called the death spiral. The death spiral is a period prior to death during which there is a decline in life-history characters, such as fecundity, as well as physiological characters. First, we review the data from the Drosophila and medfly literature that suggest the existence of death spirals. Second, we re-analyze five cases with such data from four laboratories using a generalized statistical framework, a re-analysis that strengthens the case for the salience of the death spiral phenomenon. Third, we raise the issue whether death spirals need to be taken into account in the analysis of functional characters over age, in aging research with model species as well as human data.

Despite anthropology's interest in masculinity and sexuality, little emphasis has been put on the alternative masculinities of young men experiencing sexual performance concerns. This paper explored different forms of enacting alternative ways of masculinities and how the concepts of 'field' and 'failing bodies' account for simultaneous enactment of masculinities, depending on the situation in which young men find themselves. Drawing on findings from my ethnographic research among young men in Mwanza city, I argue that when young men's intentions of performing masculinities, which are centred on sexual aspects, are disrupted by (perceived) changes in their sexual performances, then these young men are prompted to take an 'alternative outlook' and experience 'new' feelings, thoughts and enactments of being a 'real man' in relation to their partners. For instance, while some young men in urban Mwanza developed more intimate relationship with their partners by becoming very close, humble, polite and obedient, others simultaneously enacted multiple and potentially contradictory forms of masculinities such as becoming very aggressive to their sexual partners, increasing their intimacy with their sexual partners, emotional expression, love and care. In summary, my findings indicate that alternative forms of masculinities are not fixed but fluid, dynamic, ambivalent, and they differ depending on the context in which young men find themselves. This fact draws our attention to the importance of further exploring how young men enact masculinities and have sexual intercourse despite virility concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the literature in the history of the Soviet space program is extremely prolific since the 1960s, including regarding cosmonaut embodiment, a lack remains regarding the contemporary reality of human spaceflight in Russia. As this article discusses, based on interviews and a long-term ethnography of the Russian training of astronauts from Western Europe, North America, and Japan, becoming an astronaut is to develop a legitimate body fitting dominant cultural and gendered models. Three mechanisms serve the manufacture of “heroes” and masculine bodies through the astronaut training: the historical narrative of human spaceflight; the values and virility attributes embed as part of the training; and the instruments used in the daily activity of astronauts (such as spacesuits). This manufacture of a legitimate body, characterized by masculinity and discipline inherited from the past, is a heuristic field for corporality and studies of global politics as it underlines how an interweaving of gender, Soviet heritage, and cultural fantasies frames the bodies of a professional elite.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the Tour de France had the status of being the toughest and most important cycling event in the world. In these years, the Spanish press insisted on the idea that the cyclists who competed in the race not only struggle to win the competition; they did it also for the honor of the nation and to demonstrate the value of national masculinity to the rest of the world. However, as the successes of the Spanish cyclists were not usual, the newspapers feel the necessity to justify this situation. They did it by appealing to persistent bad luck and opposition from the organization. Through newspapers, this article analyzes the way in which mass media explained the lack of victories of the Spanish representatives in the Tour of France. To do that, they used similar ideas than the applied to justify the defeats of the men's national football team. The reason why they tried so hard to justify the absence of triumphs was because it was understood that the national dignity and virility of Spanish men were at stake, so the justification had to be credible, plausible and furthermore, had to encourage the patriotic sentiment and national pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caravelle: Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Bresilien is the property of Presses Universitaires du Mirail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Virginie Despentes has become one of France's most commercially successful and celebrated novelists. However, while the French press has often labelled Despentes' novels as crime fiction ('polars'), there has been little in-depth scholarly discussion of how her work engages and transforms the conventions of the genre. Studies of Despentes' queer/feminist themes and rhetoric would benefit from a more sustained attention to her ambivalent appropriations of the masculinist tropes of brutal crime fiction, and studies of French crime fiction would benefit from considering Despentes as key figure in the development of French queer/feminist crime fiction. Examining novels ranging from Baise-moi to Apocalypse bébé, this article argues for the interest in reading them as crime fiction, and notably as works that underline the risks that accompany efforts to rewire masculinist genres from within and orient them towards feminist and queer concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the tricks and practices of Greek conscripts to defend and create an intimate space in the barracks. During the compulsory service the institution takes control of all aspects of conscripts’ lives resulting in the domestication of their sexuality. Conscripts form gangs of boys, peer groups engaged in a form of institutional resistance associated by bonds of male camaraderie, which allow them to access sexual activities in a collective manner: group seduction, collective flirting, rearranging the schedule to facilitate an intimate encounter, visits to brothels. Using data from semi-structured interviews and participant observation, and mobilizing analytical tools from the sociology of the military and sociology of gender, I examine gendered criteria for exclusion and inclusion in those gangs: access to these tight-knit groups is allowed only to those who demonstrate heteronormative sexuality and manifested masculinity.

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liminal experiences take place during significant transition, passage and disruption situations in which what was previously taken for granted enters into a stage of suspension. In this work, we have reanalysed and rearticulated the experience of nineteen men during their adolescence stage (Uribe, 2018). We focused on socio-psycho-organic-physical expressions and markers that allude to adolescence and masculinity phenomenon as liminal experiences. From the analysis, we concluded that masculinity is developed as a liminal experience, which initiates, influences and disseminates its patriarchal mandates in adolescence stage, and subverts the transition process from childhood to adulthood. Further, masculinity makes possible the emergence of a permanent liminal process, which not only transcends the passage from being a child to be an adult, but also from being a boy to be a man. This opens an eternal experience in which you are simultaneously a man and a no-man, having to constantly test your virility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Qadisiya In Arts & Educational Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses Daniel Galera's protagonist in the novel Mãos de Cavalo (2006) taking as the starting point the perspective of narrative identity, elaborated by Paul Ricoeur (1991, 2010). It is necessary due to the narrative's different temporal plans, which present the character with distinct features in youth and adulthood. The traces in which there is a greater discontinuity between the temporal planes concern the different ways the protagonist fantasizes and experiences his masculinity that requires the resumption of studies on this theme, such as that of Baubérot (2013), Connell (2016) and Venayre (2013). Therefore, it was possible to identify both the importance of virility patterns for the character and the implications of failure to incorporate these norms into his daily life. Hereof, the analyzes pointed to i) the centrality of two episodes in the novel where the perception or attempt to overcome cowardice provokes significant changes in the protagonist; ii) the theatricality of virile expressions as responses to normative patterns of masculinity; iii) the correlation between the use of anachronism and the constant presence of the theme of identity in Mãos de Cavalo. Finally, it suggests the convenience of studies related to this area in other novels by Daniel Galera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Kirikkale University Journal of Social Science (KUJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asparkía. Investigació Feminista is the property of Instituto Universitario de Estudios Feministas y de Genero Purificacion Escribano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article I examine the presence and influence among Italian Jews of Max Nordau’s image of the “muscle Jew” and more broadly of a virile imaginary, intertwined with Zionist and Italian nationalist ideas. I first document the relevance of an early phase of Italian muscular Judaism at the beginning of the twentieth century, at the time of the rise of Zionism in Italy. I then study the development, in the 1920s and 1930s, of a virile imagery among the two trends of Italian revisionist Zionism and of what we may call Italian Jewish Fascism. I end by asking whether there were not inherent contradictions, or at least relevant tensions, in the ideal of the muscle Jew, between radical nationalism and Jewish forms of virility, as developed after the First world war and in connection with the rise and stabilization of Fascism.

The black man’s body is subject to two types of representations in the French medical literature from the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century. Descriptions of black men often contributed to emphasizing the virility of white men. Indeed, African men were described as physically and intellectually effeminate, similar to women and children, inferior and lacking authority. This inferiority was used to legitimize the colonization of Africa by men of the French nation, who were presented as manly and powerful, and thus able to protect the African population. Parallel to this representation, another stereotype emerged at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century with the development of the naturist doctrine and colonization, this time foregrounding the hyper-virility of black men. The representation of his robust, resistant, strong and muscular body, was contrasted to the weakened body of white men, at a time when, in the colonies, white men suffered from the climate and tropical diseases and, in France, the defeat of 1870 led to rising fear about the “decline of the race”. So, the definition of black man’s masculinity evolves during the nineteenth century and the beginnings of the twentieth century according to the political context and the sexual and social norms prevailing in France.

Although copulation with donkeys on the north coast of Colombia is one of the best-known cultural references in the region, few authors have recreated it in their writings. The few stories that explore these practices allow us to observe recurring structures, linked to the strengthening of virility, which have been ignored by critics. We propose in this article an approach to these relationships in works by Gabriel García Márquez, Jaime Manrique, Ramón Molinares and Raúl Gómez Jattin, from the postulates of men and masculinities studies, particularly the positions of Badinter, to consider in depth the notions that these present about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]