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To maintain the high RH value near dry air vent, increase the efficiency of Peltier with proper ventilation that is to make the heat escape easily, to provide more surface area for heat sink to cool down the air more effectively. Mass of the body is reduced, and durability is improved. RH value is maintained with the help of dry air vent. We can get benefits from a liquid cooled micro channeled heat sink which needs only a little space. It is suitable for the high flux heat dissipation and also gives a better result compared to generic convection method. It is used without reacting with the body frame. It is portable with help of 12V DC solar 10W. This system solves water scarcity in rural areas. We can especially use at hill stations as the humid conditions are the best.

Lots of people across the globe are suffering from disabilities either temporary or permanent, and many of them are having difficulty in walking. That is why the role of the wheelchair is important for all having physical disabilities where they cannot walk by self. To address this issue wheelchairs are available in market with following benefits (i) easy transportation, (ii) compact storage space. This study is to propose a design of detachable folding mechanism that can mount on the frame of standard size wheelchair and can be dismounted to replace if any break down or maintenance. The mechanism can be mounted on standard wheelchairs and safe up to 150 kg weight of the subject.

Our main objective is to change people's perspective on an unbalanced city by viewing a new world through sustainable development goals. When we relate sustainability and a city there are important things to look upon and make a change on it. Some of the problems looked upon are, (i) Reduction in the number of birds due to electromagnetic radiation. (ii) 8-15% loss between powerplant and consumers. (iii) Air pollution. (iv) Waterlogging in city pockets and waste management. The final vision is to make a smart eco-city run fully on renewable energy. Using sustainable energy sources by fitting rooftop solar cells in every house and placing vertical turbines on the roadside reduces the dependency on fossil fuels and can generate employment in many technical fields. We shall even have automated air purifiers run by solar cells, which purify the air depending on the real-time PPM levels of dust and gasses. The smart city that we have a vision of filters out high bandwidth signal waves for mobile and telecommunication while utilizing short-range Wi-Fi devices interconnected with WAN cables which can reduce the harmful effects of high energy electromagnetic radiation on birds. This is an IoT-based city where most of the electronics and other devices are connected, running on automation for easing day-to-day activities. Implementing this project will produce a positive change in the ecosystem.

Six Sigma is a methodology containing various tools and techniques to make improvement in a process. The purpose of this research is to reduce the defects, maximize the profit, and make small scale industries more efficient. This Six Sigma Project was conducted at a valve manufacturing industry located in Maharashtra. The industry was performing at Sigma Level 3.0 and the newly achieved Sigma Level is 3.5. It is predicted that if the solutions are continuously applied for 6 months then the industry can achieve Sigma Level up to 4.0. A control plan was also provided to the industry which will help them to keep implementing the solutions for a longer period of time. A lot of energy and material wastage is prevented by reducing the defects which is a huge benefit for the environment in the long run.

The management of neurological disorders such as dementia associated with Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease includes the use of cholinesterase inhibitors. These compounds can slow down the progression of these diseases and can also be used in the treatment of glaucoma and myasthenia gravis. The majority of the cholinesterase inhibitors used in the clinic are derived from natural products and our current paper describes the use of a small marine pharmacophore to develop potent and selective cholinesterase inhibi- tors. Fourteen small inhibitors were designed based on recent discoveries about the inhibitory potential of a range of related marine secondary metabolites. The compounds were evaluated, in kinetic enzymatic assays, for their ability to inhibit three different cholinesterase enzymes and it was shown that compounds with a high inhibitory activity towards electric eel and human recombinant acetylcholinesterase (IC50 between 20–70 μM) could be prepared. It was also shown that this compound class was particularly active against horse serum butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values between 0.8–16 μM, which is an order of magnitude more potent than the clinically used positive control neostigmine. The compounds were further tested for off-target toxicity against both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and bovine and human erythrocytes and were shown to display a low mammalian cellular toxicity. Overall, the study illus- trates how the brominated dipeptide marine pharmacophore can be used as a versatile natural scaffold for the design of potent, and selective cholinesterase inhibitors.

Titanium is as strong as steel with less density. Therefore, titanium and its alloys are used in several engineering applications. The primary benefits of using titanium alloys in the production of high-performance components include their light weight, superior tensile strength and exceptional corrosion resistance. Titanium alloys have the capacity to keep their characteristics even at high temperatures. Because of their low density and capacity to withstand temperature extremes, these alloys are mostly utilised in airplanes, spacecraft and missiles. Many of the initiatives to save costs in the production of titanium components are based on additive manufacturing. This study aims to provide preliminary insight into the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of commercially pure grade-2 titanium (CP-Gr-2-Ti) structured wall fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding assisted layer-by-layer manufacturing (GTAW-assisted-LM). Ideal process variables were selected through the trial-and-error method. The vacuum chamber was used during fabrication to ensure that the wall was free of contamination. The anisotropy in the LM processed wall is studied with different orientations of tensile samples. The variation in the microstructure observed in LM processed wall was due to varying complex thermal cycles. The phase texture and grain nature of the wall was studied using pole figures and inverse pole figures. The LM-processed wall exhibits better mechanical properties compared to wrought alloys. The fractography revealed several morphologies indicating that the fractured samples were ductile. Hence, a piece of first-hand information and experience is gained in this research work.

Herein, we describe a rapid microwave-assisted, metal-free synthesis of substituted quinoxalinones and quinoxalines using the carbene-mediated reaction between aryldiazo esters and 1,2-diamines. The reaction can encompass a range of substituents and structural variations to afford quinoxalin-2-ones in 14–80 % yield and corresponding quinoxalines in good to excellent yields upon oxidation (67–96 %). The approach can be employed to generate symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,3-diarylquinoxalines, bis-quinoxalines as well as novel quinoxaline-substituted diazo esters and should be a valuable addition to the heterocycle synthesis toolbox.

A previously designed and developed 12-step total synthesis that includes [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine and carbazole intermediates and that ultimately produces the carbazole alkaloid carbazomycin G was exploited as a screening compound library with the goal of identifying potential lead compound(s) with cytotoxic effect. These compounds were investigated by using in-vitro tests involving the two human cell lines HL-60 and MOLM-13, which both model acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The in-vitro biological test results were used together with the molecular structures of the various intermediates in a concise SAR analysis. Several of the intermediates revealed cytotoxicity (IC50

Herein is reported a substantially improved synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles by condensation of 1,2-diaminoarenes and aldehydes using methanol as the reaction medium. The developed method afforded moderate to excellent yields (33–96%) at ambient temperature, displays high functional group tolerance, is conducted open to air, and requires only one minute reaction time under catalyst- and additive-free conditions. Moreover, the efficient protocol permits scale-up to multi-gram scale synthesis of benzimidazoles and will become a method of choice when constructing such heterocyclic systems.

The synthesis of novel 5,7-diaryl and diheteroaryl indoles has been explored

The synthesis of novel 5,7-diaryl and diheteroaryl indoles has been explored via efficient double Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. The method notably employs a low catalyst loading of Pd(PPh3)4 (1.5 mol%/coupling) and water as the reaction solvent to obtain 5,7-diarylated indoles without using N-protecting groups in up to 91% yield. The approach is also suitable for N-protected and 3-substituted indoles and constitutes an important green and convenient arylation strategy for the benzenoid ring of indoles. The synthesized diarylindoles are fluorescent.

A highly efficient and catalyst-free protocol is reported for the synthesis of quinoxalines via the classical cyclocondensation reaction between aryldiamines and dicarbonyl compounds. Remarkably simple and green reaction conditions employing methanol as solvent afforded medium to excellent yield of quinoxalines after only one-minute reaction time at ambient temperature. The conditions allow at least 10 gram scale synthesis of quinoxalines and should be a preferred starting point for optimization and method of choice for applications in the synthetic community.

Stationary and slow-moving marine organisms regularly employ a natural product chemical defense to prevent being colonized by marine micro- and macroorganisms. While these natural antifoulants can be structurally diverse, they often display highly conserved chemistries and physicochemical properties, suggesting a natural marine antifouling pharmacophore. In our current report, we investigate the marine natural product phidianidine A, which displays several chemical properties found in highly potent marine antifoulants. Phidianidine A and synthetic analogues were screened against the settlement and metamorphosis of Amphibalanus improvisus cyprids, and several of the compounds displayed inhibitory activities at low micromolar concentrations with IC50 values down to 0.7 μg/mL observed. The settlement study highlights that phidianidine A is a potent natural antifoulant and that the scaffold can be tuned to generate simpler and improved synthetic analogues. The bioactivity is closely linked to the size of the compound and to its basicity. The study also illustrates that active analogues can be prepared in the absence of the natural constrained 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. A synthetic lead analogue of phidianidine A was incorporated in a coating and included in antifouling field trials, where it was shown that the coating induced potent inhibition of marine bacteria and microalgae settlement.

A mild, green and highly efficient protocol was developed for the synthesis of substituted phenols via ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in ethanol. The method utilizes the combination of aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and H2O2/HBr as the reagent under unprecedentedly simple and convenient conditions. A wide range of arylboronic acids were smoothly transformed into substituted phenols in very good to excellent yields without chromatographic purification. The reaction is scalable up to at least 5 grams at room temperature with one-minute reaction time and can be combined in a one-pot sequence with bromination and Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling to generate more diverse, highly substituted phenols.

A three step continuous/semi-flow process leading to the fungicide Boscalid® is disclosed. The first step of the process is a Suzuki cross-coupling where 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is coupled with 4-chlorophenylboronic acid at a temperature of 80 °C using a solvent mixture of ethanol/water as the reaction medium with sodium carbonate as the base and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium as the catalyst. This reaction step was developed as a batch procedure and then adapted and implemented on a multi-jet oscillating disk (MJOD) continuous flow reactor platform. The intermediate 4′-chloro-2-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl was achieved in high yield (82%). The second step which was telescoped with the first one involved a nitro group reduction of high efficacy. The reduction method was based on NaBH4/CoSO4·7H2O as the reduction system. The reduction product 2-amino-4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl was achieved in high yield (79%) at a short reactor residence time (3 min). The final step of the process is composed of a two-step sequence where 2-amino-4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl is transformed into the corresponding iminosulfanone intermediate (not isolated), which immediately reacts with the 2-chloronicotinic acid present in the reaction mixture to form Boscalid® in a yield of >66%. The three-step process provided an overall yield of >42%, which corresponds to a mean step yield of ≈75%.

An efficient method for the synthesis of the carbazole scaffold was designed and investigated. The method was developed to produce substituted carbazoles by an intramolecular combination of a free amine group and an arene. The steps of the method involved tandem Pd-catalyzed C–H activation and intramolecular C–N bond formation. The method showed good functional group tolerance, and substituent(s) could be on either of the two rings or on both of the two rings of the 2-aminobiphenyl substrate. After ring closure, the reduced Pd catalyst was oxidized to PdII by hydrogen peroxide. The novel method was also demonstrated to operate excellently with the corresponding 2-N-acetylaminobiphenyls.

A simple and efficient method for Suzuki cross-coupling of highly substituted and congested 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene with phenylboronic acid was developed, investigated, and optimized. The reaction conditions comprises a mixture of MeOH and water (4:1) as the reaction medium, readily available and cheap Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst, sodium carbonate as base, and microwave heating, which affords a fast reaction rate with good outcomes. The procedure was proven to have high functional group tolerance with phenylboronic acid and for 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene and thus is a general method for the synthesis of 2-nitrobiphenyl. The target scaffold, 2-nitrobiphenyls, was produced in excellent yields with excellent selectivities in all cases.

An improved and simplified In-based protocol for the reduction of 2-nitro-1,1′-biphenyls to the corresponding 2-amino-1,1′-biphenyls is disclosed. The method utilizes only a stoichiometric quantity of indium powder as the reducing reagent along with a stoichiometric quantity of ammonium chloride. The work-up is very simple, it requires only a simple filtration of the post-reaction mixture whereupon the reaction medium is removed under reduced pressure. The method was also proven to operate with a variety of functional groups to provide high to excellent yields of the target 2-amino-1,1′-biphenyls. A proposal for a reaction mechanism is also provided.