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Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a recurring coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in pigs with high mortality and morbidity rates, especially in neonatal pigs. Despite the availability of vaccines, their efficacy is limited owing to antigenic differences between the vaccine and field strains, which poses a challenge to infection control. Antiviral drugs targeting conserved PEDV proteins show promise for complementing vaccination strategies. PEDV Nsp3 (PL2Pro) and Nsp5 (3CLPro) are essential proteases vital for viral replication, making them attractive targets for drug development against PEDV. Aim: To address the lack of therapeutics against recurring PEDV outbreaks and bridge the gap in the application of bioinformatics in veterinary drug discovery, this study aimed to discover compounds that inhibit PEDV proteases from Philippine medicinal plants by applying a modified virtual screening methodology that considers the physiology of swine hosts. Methods: This study employed a library of 690 metabolites from Philippine medicinal plants to screen for potential protease inhibitors targeting PEDV PL2Pro and 3CLPro. This includes evaluating the binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, dynamic stability, and critical binding site residues. Compounds demonstrating high affinity underwent a modified ADMET analysis, considering the enteric localization of the virus and potential toxicity to swine hosts. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations assessed compound stability under physiological swine conditions. Results: The study identified Bisandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, CID 162866964 from Euphorbia neriifolia, and betulinic acid from Vitex negundo and Ocimum basilicum as metabolites that bind favorably and selectively to PEDV 3CLPro and have excellent pharmacokinetic properties and dynamic stability. In contrast, no selective inhibitor for PL2pro passed the same criteria. Conclusion: Employing the modified virtual screening protocol tailored for swine host considerations, the compounds identified in this study are anticipated to exert inhibitory effects against PEDV without off-target binding to analogous swine proteases and receptors. CID 162866964, bisandrographolide, and betulinic acid show promise for developing potent antivirals against PEDV. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2192-2214]

The aim of this work was to establish a cost-effective extraction procedure for simultaneous determination of pesticides and veterinary drugs in Chinese market preference fresh aquatic products based on MRLs in food of animal origin in China. Modified QuEChERS method coupled to UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of 39 pesticides and veterinary drugs were developed. Six representative matrices of bulk fresh aquatic products in China's coastal markets showed applicability with recoveries 60.3–119.0% and acceptable precision 4.3–20.8%. Experiments showed that for fresh aquatic product matrices, the addition of EDTA-Mcllvaine effectively improved the extraction efficiency, and 0.4-g C18/0.4 g PSA/1.2-g MgSO4 combination with n-hexane extraction three times can remove the matrix interference effectively. Furthermore, LOD and LOQ in the range of 1.0–5.0 μg/kg and 3.0–10.0 μg/kg for 39 pesticides and veterinary drugs upon six representative matrices of bulk fresh aquatic products, respectively, that providing a practical flexible screening method for production quality control before entering the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to investigate the lifespan and breeding use, reproductive qualities, and the level of their discreteness in sows of the large white breed of French breeding, considering their operational value. Agroprime Holding LLC of the Odesa region, the laboratory of innovative technologies, and experimental livestock facilities of the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP of the National Academy of Sciences carried out the practical part of the work. Evaluation of sows according to indicators characterizing the level of their adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, days; duration of tribal use, days; received farts; all live piglets were born, head.; multifertility, ch.; high fertility, kg.; nest weight at the time of weaning at 28 days, kg; preservation, %. The selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) was calculated according to the method of O. M. Tsereniuk et al. (2010), the coefficient of discreteness (D) – Seromolot and Sviatchenko (1984). Biometric processing of research results was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that sows of the large white breed of French breeding, provided they are kept in production premises using innovative technologies, are characterized by high indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities. Thus, their life span is 905.7 days, the duration of breeding use is 680.6 days, and in terms of reproductive qualities, they belong to the elite class. A significant difference between the groups of experimental animals was established in terms of life expectancy, duration of breeding use, total number of live piglets, multifertility, and litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days. The maximum indicators of high fertility (1.34 kg) and preservation of piglets until weaning at the age of 28 days (100 %) were found in sows of the “low operational value” category. The coefficient of discreteness of life expectancy and breeding use in sows of I, II, and III experimental groups is equal to 0.406, 0.677, and 0.633, reproductive qualities – 0.828, 0.882, and 0.903, respectively. Coefficients of paired correlation between life span and breeding use of sows and signs of reproductive qualities range from -0.055 to +0.904. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the “high operational value” category – +6.80 %, and its value is +355.57 UAH/head/ farrowing.

The presence of veterinary drug residues in aquatic products represents a significant challenge to food safety. The current detection methods, limited in both scope and sensitivity, underscore the urgent need for more advanced techniques. This research introduces a swift and potent screening technique using high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) and a refined QuEChERS protocol, allowing simultaneous qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of 192 residues. A comprehensive database, employing full scan mode and data-dependent secondary mass spectroscopy, enhances screening accuracy. The method involves efficient extraction using 90% acetonitrile, dehydration with Na2SO4, and acetic acid, followed by cleanup using dispersive solid-phase extract sorbent primary secondary amine. It is suitable for samples with varying fat content, offering detection limits ranging from 0.5 to 10 μg/kg, high recovery rates (60–120%), and low relative standard deviations (

Abstract Background Salinomycin, an antibiotic, have potential as a veterinary drug for fish due to its anti-parasitic activity against several fish parasites. Thus the residual levels of salinomycin in muscles of two significant aquaculture species in Korea, olive flounder and black rockfish, were analyzed using HPLC-MS-MS. Results The proper method to analyze the residual salinomycin in fish muscles using LC-MS-MS was settled and the method was validated according to CODEX guidelines. The residues in three distinct groups for two fish species were analyzed using the matrix match calibration curves at points of five different times following oral administration. After oral administration, salinomycin rapidly breaks down in both olive flounder and black rockfish. After 7th days, the average residue in all groups of two fish spp. decreased below limit of quantitation (LOQ). Conclusion Due to low residue levels in fish muscles, salinomycin may therefore be a treatment that is safe for both fish and humans. This result could contribute to establishment of MRL (minimal residual limit) for approval of salinomycin for use in aquaculture.

In this study, a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method with using a reduced graphene oxide-modified melamine sponge (r-GO@MeS) as matrix purification material was developed for the determination of 35 veterinary drug residues in black chicken meat by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). First of all, the effects of metal chelating agents (Na2EDTA), dehydrating agents (MgSO4, Na2SO4) and acetic acid (HAc) addition (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%) on the extraction efficiency of veterinary drugs were thoroughly studied. According to the results, most of quinolones tended to chelate with magnesium ions, resulting in low recoveries of veterinary drugs in the extraction solution, while the appropriate addition of Na2EDTA and HAc could improve the overall drug recoveries. Therefore, 2.5 mL of 0.1 mmol/L Na2EDTA aqueous solution and 10 mL of 0.5% HAc-ACN were used as extraction solvents, with 2.0 g of anhydrous Na2SO4 and 0.5 g of NaCl as dehydrating agents. Then the effects of sponge dosages (sponge volume/extract volume of 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90, 1.05 cm3/mL) and different purification modes (dynamic cycles of 1, 5, 10, static time of 1, 5, 10 min) on the purification efficiency were investigated in terms of veterinary drug recoveries. The results showed that a moderate dosage of 0.75 cm3/mL and fast ten dynamic purification cycles tended to give out more acceptable recoveries for all drugs. The method validation results showed that the recoveries of all monitored drug were obtained in the range of 66.6%-118.8% with three different spiked levels of 50, 100, 150 μg/kg. The intra- and inter-day precisions were evaluated in terms of relative standard deviations (RSDs) by repeatability tests conducted on the same day or three consecutive days, which were acquired less than 13.8% and 14.6%, respectively. In the range of 5-200 μg/kg, good linearities were acquired with the correlation coefficients (R2) no less than 0.998. Additionally, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were obtained in the range of 0.1-6 μg/kg and 0.3-15 μg/kg, respectively. By construction of matrix-matched curves and solvent curves, the matrix effect was calculated as -19.4%-19.8%, demonstrating an insignificant matrix effect by using the developed r-GO@MeS materials. Comparatively, the developed r-GO@MeS has the same or even better matrix purification effect as the other three commercial adsorption materials, such as PSA, GCB, C18. Furthermore, the purification process was achieved within several seconds by the quick and convenient soaking-squeezing cycles, and the matrix separation need no extra measures such as high-speed centrifugation and strong magnetic field assistance. This method has the advantages of speed, convenience and low cost, and shows great potential in the field of multi-residue detection of veterinary drugs.

Background: Salinomycin, an antibiotic, have potential as a veterinary drug for fish due to its anti-parasitic activity against several fish parasites. Thus the residual levels of salinomycin in muscles of two significant aquaculture species in Korea, olive flounder and black rockfish, were analyzed using HPLC-MS-MS. Results: The proper method to analyze the residual salinomycin in fish muscles using LC-MS-MS was settled and the method was validated according to CODEX guidelines. The residues in three distinct groups for two fish species were analyzed using the matrix match calibration curves at points of five different times following oral administration. After oral administration, salinomycin rapidly breaks down in both olive flounder and black rockfish. After 7th days, the average residue in all groups of two fish spp. decreased below limit of quantitation (LOQ). Conclusion: Due to low residue levels in fish muscles, salinomycin may therefore be a treatment that is safe for both fish and humans. This result could contribute to establishment of MRL (minimal residual limit) for approval of salinomycin for use in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the research established that Ukraine has sufficient resources for the intensification of the development of artificial breeding of game, the formation of a network of game nurseries, the use of which will contribute to the development of infrastructure and the solution of several social and economic issues of the activity of territorial communities, the development of environmental education and culture. Considering the state and specificity of the field of pheasant farming, where it is currently located, the introduction into practice of new methods and means of preventing and treating poultry diseases remains relevant. Kolidev 8M is an antimicrobial veterinary drug based on colistin for intestinal infections. One gram of the drug contains the active colistin sulfate - 8,000,000 IU and auxiliary substances: glucose and citric acid. The medicinal product is used for the treatment of European fallow deer (up to 3 months of age) and decorative birds (pheasant, peacock) for diseases of the digestive tract (colibacteriosis, salmonellosis, pasteurellosis) caused by microorganisms sensitive to colistin. According to the results of clinical and biochemical studies, it should be noted that the use of the veterinary drug "Kolidev 8M" (powder for oral use) in the antibacterial therapy of pheasants did not cause hemo-, nephro- and hepatotoxic effects in the body of the target bird. Pheasants tolerated the veterinary drug "Kolidev 8M" (powder for oral use) well; no adverse reactions were observed during the experiment. After proper registration, the developed antibacterial drug "Kolidev 8M" can enter a veterinarian's arsenal as an effective and safe drug for the antibacterial diseases of pheasants. Further research will be aimed at the development and state registration of the water-soluble powders "Amoksidev 60" and "Doksidev". Antibacterial drugs will be prescribed to treat and prevent diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems of pheasants caused by microorganisms sensitive to the action of the drugs (amoxicillin trihydrate and doxycycline hyclate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk and dairy products present considerable socioeconomic importance but are also a regular pesticide residue contamination source, which is considered a worldwide public health concern and a major international trade issue. Thus, a literature review was conducted to assess pesticide residue levels in milk and dairy products, as well as the residue degradation capacity during its processing. Organochlorine, organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroid and/or triazine were found in fluid milk, powder products, yogurts, cheese, butter, and sour cream. Thermal processing reduced most residue levels, although some treatments increased total hexachlorocyclohexane and its isomers (α-, γ-, δ-, and β-). Emerging non-thermal treatments presented promising results, but some by-products had higher toxicity than their precursors. Biodegradation by lactic acid bacteria were effective during yogurt and cheese fermentation. However, β-hexachlorocyclohexane level seems to increase in yogurts containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, while increase or maintenance of pesticide residue concentration was observed during coagulation and cheese maturation. Deep research is needed to understand the isomerization and degradation mechanisms after thermal, non-thermal, and fermentation processing. Emerging heat technology can be an excellent topic to be investigated for pesticide residues degradation in the future. These mitigation approaches can be a feasible future alternative to milk and dairy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levamisole, an anthelmintic and immunostimulant drug, has been studied as a promising alternative for aquaculture use. While oral administration through feeding is the main route of administration in fish farming, no studies evaluating methods of levamisole incorporation into the feed have been reported so far. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate potential procedures for levamisole incorporation in extruded fish feed using ethyl cellulose, gelatin, or vegetable oil, to avoid drug leaching to the water during the animal's medication. A suitable LC-MS/MS method was optimized (full factorial design), validated, and applied to evaluate the efficiency of the process, the homogeneity of the drug concentration, and the leaching rate. The method has been demonstrated to be selective, precise (RSD < 4.9%), accurate (recovery > 98.4%), and linear (r > 0.99, 125–750 mg kg−1). The incorporation procedures using the three coating agents showed high incorporation efficiency (70%) and a homogeneous drug concentration among the extruded feed pellets. A low levamisole leaching rate was verified in the feed prepared using the ethyl cellulose coating procedure (4.3% after 15 min of immersion in the water). On the other hand, fish feed coated with gelatin and oil resulted in a high leaching rate (30–35% after 15 min). Thus, this study shows that coating ethyl cellulose may be a promising procedure for levamisole incorporation in fish feed and with the potential to enhance its use in animal production while reducing environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method with using a reduced graphene oxide-modified melamine sponge (r-GO@MeS) as matrix purification material was developed for the determination of 35 veterinary drug residues in black chicken meat by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). First of all, the effects of metal chelating agents (Na2EDTA), dehydrating agents (MgSO4, Na2SO4) and acetic acid (HAc) addition (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%) on the extraction efficiency of veterinary drugs were thoroughly studied. According to the results, most of quinolones tended to chelate with magnesium ions, resulting in low recoveries of veterinary drugs in the extraction solution, while the appropriate addition of Na2EDTA and HAc could improve the overall drug recoveries. Therefore, 2.5 mL of 0.1 mmol/L Na2EDTA aqueous solution and 10 mL of 0.5% HAc-ACN were used as extraction solvents, with 2.0 g of anhydrous Na2SO4 and 0.5 g of NaCl as dehydrating agents. Then the effects of sponge dosages (sponge volume/extract volume of 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90, 1.05 cm³/mL) and different purification modes (dynamic cycles of 1, 5, 10, static time of 1, 5, 10 min) on the purification efficiency were investigated in terms of veterinary drug recoveries. The results showed that a moderate dosage of 0.75 cm³/mL and fast ten dynamic purification cycles tended to give out more acceptable recoveries for all drugs. The method validation results showed that the recoveries of all monitored drug were obtained in the range of 66.6%-118.8% with three different spiked levels of 50, 100, 150 μg/kg. The intra- and inter-day precisions were evaluated in terms of relative standard deviations (RSDs) by repeatability tests conducted on the same day or three consecutive days, which were acquired less than 13.8% and 14.6%, respectively. In the range of 5-200 μg/kg, good linearities were acquired with the correlation coefficients (R²) no less than 0.998. Additionally, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were obtained in the range of 0.1-6 μg/kg and 0.3-15 μg/kg, respectively. By construction of matrix-matched curves and solvent curves, the matrix effect was calculated as -19.4%-19.8%, demonstrating an insignificant matrix effect by using the developed r-GO@MeS materials. Comparatively, the developed r-GO@MeS has the same or even better matrix purification effect as the other three commercial adsorption materials, such as PSA, GCB, C18. Furthermore, the purification process was achieved within several seconds by the quick and convenient soaking-squeezing cycles, and the matrix separation need no extra measures such as high-speed centrifugation and strong magnetic field assistance. This method has the advantages of speed, convenience and low cost, and shows great potential in the field of multi-residue detection of veterinary drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Mastitis poses a major threat to dairy farms globally; it results in reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, untimely compromised genetic potential, animal deaths, and economic losses. Streptococcus agalactiae is a highly virulent bacteria that cause mastitis. The administration of antibiotics for the treatment of this infection is not advised due to concerns about the emergence of antibiotic resistance and potential adverse effects on human health. Thus, there is a critical need to identify new therapeutic approaches to combat mastitis. One promising target for the development of antibacterial therapies is the transmembrane histidine kinase of bacteria, which plays a key role in signal transduction pathways, secretion systems, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. Results In this study, we aimed to identify novel natural compounds that can inhibit transmembrane histidine kinase. To achieve this goal, we conducted a virtual screening of 224,205 natural compounds, selecting the top ten based on their lowest binding energy and favorable protein–ligand interactions. Furthermore, molecular docking of eight selected antibiotics and five histidine kinase inhibitors with transmembrane histidine kinase was performed to evaluate the binding energy with respect to top-screened natural compounds. We also analyzed the ADMET properties of these compounds to assess their drug-likeness. The top two compounds (ZINC000085569031 and ZINC000257435291) and top-screened antibiotics (Tetracycline) that demonstrated a strong binding affinity were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns), free energy landscape, and binding free energy calculations using the MM-PBSA method. Conclusion Our results suggest that the selected natural compounds have the potential to serve as effective inhibitors of transmembrane histidine kinase and can be utilized for the development of novel antibacterial veterinary medicine for mastitis after further validation through clinical studies.

The Medicamentul Veterinar / Veterinary Drug Journal is presented at 17 years of age.

In the present study a new kinetic catalytic method was developed for the sensitive determination of selenium in pharmaceutical formulations. The reaction between basic blue 3 (BB3) and sulphide catalysed by Se (IV) in the presence of acetic-phosphoric-boric acid buffer system. The decrease in the absorbance at 654 nm indicated the reduction of BB3. The presence of selenium (IV) accelerated the reaction rate. The method based on the linear correlation between amount of Se(IV) and reaction rate. Under optimum conditions, the linear calibration range was found as 0.1-2.0 µg ml-1 by the fixed time method for the 0.5-5 min. The tolerance limits of various species was also studied. The interfering effect of some cations such as Cr3+, Fe3+, and Hg2+ was reduced with using cation exchange resin. The proposed method was successfully applied to spiked nasal spray and veterinary drug samples. Besides, total selenium, Se (IV) and Se (VI) speciation also conducted with reducing Se (VI) to Se (IV) with HCl in the synthetic mixtures.

In this PPT, a presentation is made about the sale of veterinary medicinal products at a distance (online) and through community pharmacies in the light of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2019/6 regarding the online sale of veterinary medicinal products and Romanian legislation. In Romania, remote retail (on-line) sales of veterinary medicinal products can be carried out: only through veterinary pharmacies authorized by a sanitary-veterinarian and veterinary pharmaceutical points registered by a sanitary-veterinary, and only with veterinary medicinal products that are issued without a medical prescription veterinarian. Every economic operator who wants to carry out remote retail trade activities must send a notification to ANSVSA (according to the model provided in Annex 3.1 of Order of the President of ANSVSA no. 83/2014). After verification for compliance with the legislation in force, ANSVSA enters the operator in the list of retailers, who are allowed to sell veterinary medicinal products online.

The presentation brings information about the developments in the trade with veterinary products, comparative, in the world, in Europe and in Romania in the light of the One - Health approach, the evolution of the relevant legislation, up to EU Regulation 2019/6 and its implementation. Data are presented on the counterbalancing of commercial trends related to veterinary medicines which, from the preponderance towards farm animals, are slowly moving towards companion animals. Here, too, a projection of the global pharmaceutical products market is made, as well as the slice allocated to a.u.v. products, the global portfolio allocated to animal health, the current situation in Romania as well as the main global producers of veterinary drugs. In the second part of this presentation, there is a reminder of new medical orders according to the current legislation, as well as an example of how to write the ATC-vet electronic ordinance (Anatomical - Therapeutical - Chemical).

Background: Mastitis poses a major threat to dairy farms globally; it results in reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, untimely compromised genetic potential, animal deaths, and economic losses. Streptococcus agalactiae is a highly virulent bacteria that cause mastitis. The administration of antibiotics for the treatment of this infection is not advised due to concerns about the emergence of antibiotic resistance and potential adverse effects on human health. Thus, there is a critical need to identify new therapeutic approaches to combat mastitis. One promising target for the development of antibacterial therapies is the transmembrane histidine kinase of bacteria, which plays a key role in signal transduction pathways, secretion systems, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. Results: In this study, we aimed to identify novel natural compounds that can inhibit transmembrane histidine kinase. To achieve this goal, we conducted a virtual screening of 224,205 natural compounds, selecting the top ten based on their lowest binding energy and favorable protein–ligand interactions. Furthermore, molecular docking of eight selected antibiotics and five histidine kinase inhibitors with transmembrane histidine kinase was performed to evaluate the binding energy with respect to top-screened natural compounds. We also analyzed the ADMET properties of these compounds to assess their drug-likeness. The top two compounds (ZINC000085569031 and ZINC000257435291) and top-screened antibiotics (Tetracycline) that demonstrated a strong binding affinity were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns), free energy landscape, and binding free energy calculations using the MM-PBSA method. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the selected natural compounds have the potential to serve as effective inhibitors of transmembrane histidine kinase and can be utilized for the development of novel antibacterial veterinary medicine for mastitis after further validation through clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of drug residues in food products has become a growing concern because of the adverse health risks and regulatory implications. Drug residues in food refer to the presence of pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites in products such as meat, fish, eggs, poultry and ready-to-eat foods, which are intended for human consumption. These residues can come from the use of drugs in the field of veterinary medicine, such as antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, growth promoters and other veterinary drugs given to livestock and aquaculture with the aim of providing them as prophylaxis, therapy and for promoting growth. Various analytical techniques are used for this purpose to control the maximum residue limit. Compliance with the maximum residue limit is very important for food manufacturers according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Union (EU) regulations. Effective monitoring and control of drug residues in food requires continuous advances in analytical techniques. Few studies have been reviewed on sample extraction and preparation techniques as well as challenges and future directions for the determination of veterinary drug residues in food. This current review focuses on the overview of regulations, classifications and types of food, as well as the latest analytical methods that have been used in recent years (2020–2023) for the determination of drug residues in food so that appropriate methods and accurate results can be used. The results show that chromatography is still a widely used technique for the determination of drug residue in food. Other approaches have been developed including immunoassay, biosensors, electrophoresis and molecular-based methods. This review provides a new development method that has been used to control veterinary drug residue limit in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feed is the material base of animal husbandry development, accounting for more than 70% of feed inputs. Feed quality and safety is related to animal and human health, and affects public health and ecological security. China has clarified prohibiting the illegal addition of veterinary drugs is an important guarantee for the development of green animal husbandry. The kinds and harm of illegally added veterinary drugs in feed were expounded, and the research progress on common detection methods for illegally added veterinary drugs in feed were summarized, in order to improve the thinking cognition of practitioners, which provided the method references for the related inspection demand, and provided the theory foundation for the further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical method that uses HPLC was developed to analyze residual praziquantel in game meats hunted in Hokkaido. Samples were initially extracted with acetonitrile/methanol and McIlvaine buffer containing EDTA. The impurities were removed from the extract by n-hexane partition and solid-phase column. After removing the solvent, the extract was resolved in a 40% acetonitrile solution. Praziquantel in the purified solution was quantitatively determined using HPLC with a photodiode array detector (PDA). An interfering peak was not observed in chromatograms of game meat extracts, indicating the high selectivity of this method. Method validation was performed by recovery tests at the maximum residue limit concentration to evaluate the trueness, repeatability (RSDr), and with-in laboratory reproducibility (RSDwr). The validation results exhibited sufficient recovery (range, 84-91%) and precision (RSDr ≤ 6% and RSDwr ≤ 12%). These values fulfilled the criteria for the validation guidelines for residual pesticide analysis in Japan. The limit of quantification of this method was 0.03 μg/g in game meats. The time required for the preparation of eight test sample solutions was less than five hours. This method can help inspect residual praziquantel in game meats hunted in Hokkaido. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) represents a major health issue for piglets worldwide and does significant damage to the pork industry. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to manage PEDV infections. Due to the current lack of a reliable remedy, this present study aims to identify novel compounds that inhibit the 3CL protease of the virus involved in replication and pathogenesis. Results To identify potent antiviral compounds against the 3CL protease, a virtual screening of natural compounds (n = 97,999) was conducted. The top 10 compounds were selected based on the lowest binding energy and the protein-ligand interaction analyzed. Further, the top five compounds that demonstrated a strong binding affinity were subjected to drug-likeness analysis using the ADMET prediction, which was followed by molecular dynamics simulations (500 ns), free energy landscape, and binding free energy calculations using the MM-PBSA method. Based on these parameters, four putative lead (ZINC38167083, ZINC09517223, ZINC04339983, and ZINC09517238) compounds were identified that represent potentially effective inhibitors of the 3CL protease. Conclusion Therefore, these can be utilized for the development of novel antiviral drugs against PEDV. However, this requires further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Veterinary drug residues of common food (milk, meat) have posed serious threats to the environment and human health, making the quality and safety of agricultural, livestock, and aquatic products increasingly prominent. With the widespread use of veterinary drugs and the requirements for food safety, it has become urgent to detect veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods. So far, few studies have systematically reviewed the progresses, challenges, and future directions in veterinary drug residue detection. A thorough review on the current advancements, challenges, and potential future directions of veterinary drug residue detection will be extremely beneficial and timely. This study reviewed recent developments of detection technology of veterinary drug residues. The current issues and challenges in veterinary drug residue detection were examined and highlighted. Finally, future proposals on directions and prospects for veterinary drug residue detection were suggested. High-throughput and high-sensitivity veterinary drug detection technology, sample pretreatment technology for rapid processing, and the fusion of multiple detection methods were recommended as the main directions for the future development of veterinary drug residue detection. It was suggested to develop the analysis and detection technologies of veterinary drug residue towards high automation, high sensitivity, and high throughput in the future. This review provides new ideas and strategies for the rapid development of animal husbandry industry and protecting consumers' physical health and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presentation brings information about the developments in the trade with veterinary products, comparative, in the world, in Europe and in Romania in the light of the One - Health approach, the evolution of the relevant legislation, up to EU Regulation 2019/6 and its implementation. Data are presented on the counterbalancing of commercial trends related to veterinary medicines which, from the preponderance towards farm animals, are slowly moving towards companion animals. Here, too, a projection of the global pharmaceutical products market is made, as well as the slice allocated to a.u.v. products, the global portfolio allocated to animal health, the current situation in Romania as well as the main global producers of veterinary drugs. In the second part of this presentation, there is a reminder of new medical orders according to the current legislation, as well as an example of how to write the ATC-vet electronic ordinance (Anatomical - Therapeutical - Chemical). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this PPT, a presentation is made about the sale of veterinary medicinal products at a distance (online) and through community pharmacies in the light of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2019/6 regarding the online sale of veterinary medicinal products and Romanian legislation. In Romania, remote retail (on-line) sales of veterinary medicinal products can be carried out: only through veterinary pharmacies authorized by a sanitary-veterinarian and veterinary pharmaceutical points registered by a sanitary-veterinary, and only with veterinary medicinal products that are issued without a medical prescription veterinarian. Every economic operator who wants to carry out remote retail trade activities must send a notification to ANSVSA (according to the model provided in Annex 3.1 of Order of the President of ANSVSA no. 83/2014). After verification for compliance with the legislation in force, ANSVSA enters the operator in the list of retailers, who are allowed to sell veterinary medicinal products online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide and veterinary drug residues in agricultural products are one of the main problems in the field of food safety. It is necessary to test the residual content of these drugs and set strict limits. At present, adsorption extraction materials such as zeolite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes have the problems of low adsorption capacity and easy clogging of pores. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been gradually applied in the adsorption extraction of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in agricultural products due to their characteristics of adjustable pores, hierarchical structure, large pore volume and surface area, excellent adsorption performance and recyclability. In this paper, the application status of MOFs as adsorbent for extraction of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in agricultural products is reviewed, and the adsorption application of MOFs is systematically described from the perspective of pesticide and veterinary drug types, and the excellent adsorption performance of MOFs is comprehensively analyzed. This paper gives a reference for the further development of MOFs adsorption extraction technology of pesticide and veterinary drug residues, provides a technical reference for food safety detection.

Background: The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) represents a major health issue for piglets worldwide and does significant damage to the pork industry. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to manage PEDV infections. Due to the current lack of a reliable remedy, this present study aims to identify novel compounds that inhibit the 3CL protease of the virus involved in replication and pathogenesis. Results: To identify potent antiviral compounds against the 3CL protease, a virtual screening of natural compounds (n = 97,999) was conducted. The top 10 compounds were selected based on the lowest binding energy and the protein-ligand interaction analyzed. Further, the top five compounds that demonstrated a strong binding affinity were subjected to drug-likeness analysis using the ADMET prediction, which was followed by molecular dynamics simulations (500 ns), free energy landscape, and binding free energy calculations using the MM-PBSA method. Based on these parameters, four putative lead (ZINC38167083, ZINC09517223, ZINC04339983, and ZINC09517238) compounds were identified that represent potentially effective inhibitors of the 3CL protease. Conclusion: Therefore, these can be utilized for the development of novel antiviral drugs against PEDV. However, this requires further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a new kinetic catalytic method was developed for the sensitive determination of selenium in pharmaceutical formulations. The reaction between basic blue 3 (BB3) and sulfide catalyzed by Se(IV) in the presence of acetic-phosphoric-boric acid buffer system. The decrease in the absorbance at 654 nm indicated the reduction of BB3. The presence of selenium(IV) accelerated the reaction rate. The method is based on the linear correlation between the amount of Se(IV) and the reaction rate. Under optimum conditions, the linear calibration range was found to be 0.1-2.0 µg ml-1 by the 0.5-5 min fixed time method. The tolerance limits of various species were also studied. The interfering effect of some cations, such as Cr3+, Fe3+, and Hg2+ was reduced by using cation exchange resin. The proposed method was successfully applied to spiked nasal spray and veterinary drug samples. Besides, total selenium, Se(IV) and, Se(VI) speciation were also conducted with reducing Se(VI), to Se(IV) by HCl in the synthetic mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science. It discusses the use of natural products and pseudo-natural products in combating disease-causing microorganisms in veterinary medicine. The livestock and poultry industry faces challenges from viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections, as well as synthetic antibiotics and drugs in animal feed. The editorial highlights the potential effectiveness of nanoparticles, plant-based products, essential oils, botanical substances, phytochemicals, and probiotics in preventing and treating infectious diseases in animals. The authors hope that the research presented in this topic will contribute to the development of new strategies for managing infectious diseases in livestock and poultry. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Angle Health Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Meloxicam (MELX), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is frequently administered to cattle, poses a risk to human health when it is found in milk. Regulatory bodies of EU, Canada, China and India have prescribed maximum residue limits for MELX in milk as 15, 35 and 15 and 10 μg/kg, respectively. This study explores the use of attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric techniques to detect MELX residues in milk. Samples of pure milk and milk samples spiked with MELX at different concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μg/kg were analysed. ATR-FTIR measurements were taken in the wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm−1 for all the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in the regions of 2940–2840 and 1765–1730 cm−1 to differentiate clusters of milk sample with those of MELX and milk spiked with MELX samples. The coefficient of determination (R2) values for calibration and validation sets in wavenumber regions of 2940–2840 and 1765–1730 cm−1 were >0.92 and > 0.94, respectively for the developed partial least squares regression (PLSR) models. All the samples showed 100% classification efficiency using the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) technique. The study concluded that the presence of MELX residues can be detected in milk even at 1 μg/kg level using ATR-FTIR and chemometrics. Results obtained from developed FTIR based chemometric method were in agreement with those obtained from LC-MS/MS method and have the potential for application in screening milk samples for the presence of MELX. [Display omitted] • FTIR regions, 2940–2840 and 1765-1730 cm−1 were used to detect meloxicam in milk. • Sample classification efficiency was 100% in the applied SIMCA technique. • LOD of the developed FTIR based chemometric method was 1 μg/kg of meloxicam in milk. • Results obtained from developed FTIR method were comparable to LC-MS/MS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of drug residues in food products has become a growing concern because of the adverse health risks and regulatory implications. Drug residues in food refer to the presence of pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites in products such as meat, fish, eggs, poultry and ready-to-eat foods, which are intended for human consumption. These residues can come from the use of drugs in the field of veterinary medicine, such as antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, growth promoters and other veterinary drugs given to livestock and aquaculture with the aim of providing them as prophylaxis, therapy and for promoting growth. Various analytical techniques are used for this purpose to control the maximum residue limit. Compliance with the maximum residue limit is very important for food manufacturers according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Union (EU) regulations. Effective monitoring and control of drug residues in food requires continuous advances in analytical techniques. Few studies have been reviewed on sample extraction and preparation techniques as well as challenges and future directions for the determination of veterinary drug residues in food. This current review focuses on the overview of regulations, classifications and types of food, as well as the latest analytical methods that have been used in recent years (2020–2023) for the determination of drug residues in food so that appropriate methods and accurate results can be used. The results show that chromatography is still a widely used technique for the determination of drug residue in food. Other approaches have been developed including immunoassay, biosensors, electrophoresis and molecular-based methods. This review provides a new development method that has been used to control veterinary drug residue limit in food.

We developed a simultaneous LC-MS/MS determination method for veterinary drugs in muscle of animal and fishery products and milk using sequential extraction with an organic solvent and buffer solution. To enhance the extraction efficiency of both the chelating compound and the hydrophobic compound, freeze ground samples were extracted first with an acetonitrile-methanol (1:1) solution and then with the buffer solution (pH 4.0). The extracts were combined after purification using a hexane/SPE cartridge column. Analytical validations for 65 compounds were done with salmon, shrimp, cattle muscle and milk. The accuracy and precision were within the required ranges of Japanese validation guidelines for a wide range of veterinary drugs (58 compounds in salmon, 51 compounds in shrimp, 63 compounds in cattle muscle, and 63 compounds in milk). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution.

In this study, a multi-objective, multi-product, and multi-period inventory management and routing model was designed for perishable products with a focus on veterinary drugs. The proposed model is a four-objective model to achieve a balance between the costs of drug distribution. The first and second objective functions are related to inventory management, covering inventory costs and demand forecast error, respectively. The third and fourth objective functions involve routing to minimize the transportation costs and greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Data on three types of drugs were collected for 25 periods (weeks) from one drug distribution center and nine pharmacies in Iran. Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II was employed to find a satisfactory solution. The meta-heuristic method was combined with a Multi-layer Perceptron artificial neural network algorithm to forecast the demand. The model was implemented in MATLAB software. The results show the ability of the proposed model and algorithm to find high-quality solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by consumer demand and government policies, synthetic additives in aquafeed require substitution with sustainable and natural alternatives. Seaweeds have been shown to be a sustainable marine source of novel bioactive phenolic compounds that can be used in food, animal and aqua feeds, or microencapsulation applications. For example, phlorotannins are a structurally unique polymeric phenolic group exclusively found in brown seaweed that act through multiple antioxidant mechanisms. Seaweed phenolics show high affinities for binding proteins via covalent and non-covalent bonds and can have specific bioactivities due to their structures and associated physicochemical properties. Their ability to act as protein cross-linkers means they can be used to enhance the rheological and mechanical properties of food-grade delivery systems, such as microencapsulation, which is a new area of investigation illustrating the versatility of seaweed phenolics. Here we review how seaweed phenolics can be used in a range of applications, with reference to their bioactivity and structural properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss veterinary medicine and its applications in the food industry as well as the risk to the health of humans and animals caused by these residues. We review how the veterinary residues enter and cause some detrimental effects. We also mention two techniques to determine the residue of veterinary medications that exist in food originating from animals, including classic and advanced techniques. Finally, we discuss the potential of various developed methods and compare them with some traditional techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This material is intended to convey the main elements of Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11.12.2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82 / EC. The needs of the veterinary sector differ substantially from those of the human sector in terms of medicines. This U.E. lays down rules for: manufacture, placing on the market, import, export, making available, distribution, pharmacovigilance, control and use of veterinary medicinal products. The main issues covered were: sale: wholesale, retail and online, use of veterinary medicinal products, veterinary prescription and records, waiting period for a.u.v. products, advertising and controls in light of the new regulations.

Ivermectin is a common parasiticide used to control nematodes and arthropods affecting livestock. Treated animals faecally excrete at least 80 % of the drug with residues known to adversely affect dung-breeding insects. However, its effect on soil organisms beneath the dung, particularly soil microorganisms, has been little studied. We examined the effect of ivermectin on the soil microbiome and enzyme activities by comparing changes in the soil microbial community composition, diversity and enzyme activities in bare soil (Soil) to that in soil covered with dung of untreated cattle (DungC) or with dung to which ivermectin had been added (DungI). The study was conducted in two 16-week periods in 2016 and 2017. Treatment differences in soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and the activities of enzymes that mediate C, N, P and S cycling were evaluated in both years, and the prokaryotic and fungal microbiomes were characterized in 2017. Relative to Soil, DungC increased soil MBC and the relative abundances of the prokaryotic classes γ - Proteobacteria and Bacteroidia. DungC also increased the relative abundance of the most predominant fungal class Sordariomycetes (phylum Ascomycota) while decreasing those of five other fungal classes. Relative to DungC, DungI did not affect MBC or the composition and diversity of the soil microbiome, but it did increase the activity of N- acetyl - β-glucosaminidase, an enzyme that mediates chitin degradation. Penicillium (phylum Ascomycota) was the only identifiable core fungal genus observed in at least 80 % of all the soil samples, and its relative abundance was positively correlated with the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase. Of the core prokaryotic genera, the relative abundances of the bacterium Candidatus_Udaeobacter and archaea Nitrososphaeraceae were also positively correlated with acid phosphomonoesterase activities. Therefore, ivermectin residues in dung probably boosted the nitrogen mineralization potential of the soil because the hydrolysis products of N- acetyl - β-glucosaminidase are amino sugars that are a major source of mineralizable nitrogen in soils. • Dung increased soil microbial biomass. • Dung increased the abundances of γ - Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Sordariomycetes. • Ivermectin increased the activity of N- acetyl - β-glucosaminidase enzyme. • The genus Penicillium was positively related to acid phosphomonoesterase activity. • Two prokaryotic genera were similarly related to acid phosphomonoesterase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock excrements are used as natural fertilizer, in the form of manure or slurry, to provide nutrients and organic matter to arable soils. However, it is potentially contaminated with antibiotics residues, used in livestock farming to prevent diseases (and thus animal losses), as well as to increase animals’ body weight. This poses a contamination risk to surrounding environments. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated data from 57 peer-reviewed articles published over the past 20 years to generate an overview of antibiotics residues in manure, slurry, soils, plants, and water. Our results revealed that pig manure and slurry, mostly from European countries, contained fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Furthermore, antibiotics used in animal husbandry are found to contaminate surrounding environments, exceeding the proposed EU threshold value for maximal environmental contamination by veterinary antibiotics in soil in many countries. In soil samples, the highest contents of tetracyclines and sulfonamides were detected in the UK (41 ± 18 μg/kg and 300 ± 10 μg/kg, respectively) and in Austria (370 μg/kg) for fluoroquinolones. In water environments, antibiotics contents were detected in low amounts in most countries (< 2 μg/L), with the highest content of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines detected in the USA (3 ± 0.7 μg/L and 1.3 ± 0.6 μg/L, respectively) and of sulfonamides in the USA and Germany (0.3 ± 0.8 μg/L and 0.2 ± 2 μg/L, respectively). In plants, an accumulation of tetracyclines and sulfonamides was found in China, Germany, and Spain (> 50 μg/kg). However, no significant specificity of these antibiotics residues to country or continent could be observed. It is urgent that the use of veterinary antibiotics be significantly reduced in order to diminish their residues in slurry, and thus their contamination potential to the surrounding environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Clinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species. A total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used. Silver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment. Citral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L–1. At 675 and 600 μL L–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments. Citral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to investigate the optimal conditions for the elimination of albendazole (veterinary drug) by adsorption on activated carbon, prepared from a plant waste (pericarp of cork oak acorns). This low cost adsorbent was characterized by determining the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, morphology by using scanning electron microscope and surface chemical properties with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The pH of solution does not highly affect the adsorption of albendazole, a neutral environment (6.0–7.5) was more favorable. Responses surface methodology, namely Doehlert design was applied to model and optimize the adsorption process. The studied parameters are the pollutant concentration, activated carbon dose and temperature. Two responses were considered, albendazole elimination yield and adsorption capacity. The maximum elimination yield and adsorption capacity were 99.97% and 137.2 mg g−1, respectively. Analysis of variances and Mallows statistic criteria were applied to validate both predictive regression models. Multi-objective methodology using desirability approach was utilized to determine the optimal conditions, which are 50 mg L −1 of pollutant concentration; 1.6 g L −1 of adsorbent dose and 20 °C of temperature, corresponding to elimination yield of 88.8% and adsorption capacity of 82.0 mg g−1. The albendazole adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics. All isotherm models applied, namely, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich fitted the experimental data with regression coefficient exceeding 0.930. The albendazole adsorption on the activated carbon was thermodynamically favorable. The application of Boyd's model showed that the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate limiting step, and the adsorption process may involve several mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]