38 results on '"Vernooij, Johannes C. M."'
Search Results
2. Effects of two commercial diets and two supplements on urinary pH in dogs
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Igreja, Inês Alcaide, primary, Lourenço, Ana Luísa, additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, and Corbee, Ronald Jan, additional
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- 2023
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3. Shapes of cervical articular process joints and association with histological evidence of osteochondrosis in Warmblood foals: A post‐mortem study.
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Bergmann, Wilhelmina, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Grinwis, Guy C. M., and Gröne, Andrea
- Abstract
Copyright of Equine Veterinary Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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4. Rotation of 3D Anatomy Models Is Associated with Underperformance of Students with Low Visual-Spatial Abilities: A Two-Center Randomized Crossover Trial
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Leeuwen, Bo S. van, primary, Dollé, Anna E. D., additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, Hierck, Beerend P., additional, and Salvatori, Daniela C. F., additional
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- 2023
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5. Epidemiology of Modic changes in dogs: Prevalence, possible risk factors, and association with spinal phenotypes
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Beukers, Martijn, primary, Grinwis, Guy C. M., additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, van der Hoek, Lisanne, additional, Tellegen, Anna R., additional, Meij, Björn P., additional, Veraa, Stefanie, additional, Samartzis, Dino, additional, Tryfonidou, Marianna A., additional, and Bach, Frances C., additional
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- 2023
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6. Serological Survey of Retrovirus and Coronavirus Infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in Rural Stray Cats in The Netherlands, 2020–2022
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Duijvestijn, Mirjam B. H. M., primary, Schuurman, Nancy N. M. P., additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, van Leeuwen, Michelle A. J. M., additional, Bosch, Berend-Jan, additional, van den Brand, Judith M. A., additional, Wagenaar, Jaap A., additional, van Kuppeveld, Frank J. M., additional, Egberink, Herman F., additional, and Verhagen, Josanne H., additional
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- 2023
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7. Serological Survey of Retrovirus and Coronavirus Infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in Rural Stray Cats in The Netherlands, 2020–2022
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Duijvestijn, Mirjam B. H. M., Schuurman, Nancy N. M. P., Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Leeuwen, Michelle A. J. M. van, Bosch, Berend-Jan, Brand, Judith M. A. van den, Wagenaar, Jaap A., Kuppeveld, Frank J. M. van, Egberink, Herman F., Verhagen, Josanne H., Klinische infectiologie en microb. lab., Virologie, and FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine
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Zoonosis ,viral infections ,feral cats ,Diagnosis ,Seroprevalence ,serology ,trap neuter return and care (TNRC) ,feline ,feline aids ,Companion animals ,corona virus disease-19 - Abstract
Stray cats can host (zoonotic) viral pathogens and act as a source of infection for domestic cats or humans. In this cross-sectional (sero)prevalence study, sera from 580 stray cats living in 56 different cat groups in rural areas in The Netherlands were collected from October 2020 to July 2022. These were used to investigate the prevalence of the cat-specific feline leukemia virus (FeLV, n = 580), the seroprevalence of the cat-specific feline viruses feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV, n = 580) and feline coronavirus (FCoV, n = 407), and the zoonotic virus severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, n = 407) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). ELISA-positive results were confirmed using Western blot (FIV) or pseudovirus neutralization test (SARS-CoV-2). The FIV seroprevalence was 5.0% (95% CI (Confidence Interval) 3.4–7.1) and ranged from 0–19.0% among groups. FIV-specific antibodies were more often detected in male cats, cats ≥ 3 years and cats with reported health problems. No FeLV-positive cats were found (95% CI 0.0–0.6). The FCoV seroprevalence was 33.7% (95% CI 29.1–38.5) and ranged from 4.7–85.7% among groups. FCoV-specific antibodies were more often detected in cats ≥ 3 years, cats with reported health problems and cats living in industrial areas or countryside residences compared to cats living at holiday parks or campsites. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the subunit 1 (S1) and receptor binding domain (RBD) protein were detected in 2.7% (95% CI 1.4–4.8) of stray cats, but sera were negative in the pseudovirus neutralization test and therefore were considered SARS-CoV-2 suspected. Our findings suggest that rural stray cats in The Netherlands can be a source of FIV and FCoV, indicating a potential risk for transmission to other cats, while the risk for FeLV is low. However, suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections in these cats were uncommon. We found no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 cat-to-cat spread in the studied stray cat groups and consider the likelihood of spillover to humans as low.
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- 2023
8. Efficacy of short‐term combination of intralymphatic allergen immunotherapy and lokivetmab treatment in canine atopic dermatitis: A double‐blinded, controlled, randomised study
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van Amersfort, Kelly, primary, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, and van der Lee, Annette, additional
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- 2023
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9. Shapes of cervical articular process joints and association with histological evidence of osteochondrosis in Warmblood foals: A post‐mortem study
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Bergmann, Wilhelmina, primary, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, Grinwis, Guy C. M., additional, and Gröne, Andrea, additional
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- 2023
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10. Correction: van Lent et al. Kittens That Nurse 7 Weeks or Longer Are Less Likely to Become Overweight Adult Cats. Animals 2021, 11, 3434
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van Lent, Denise, primary, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, Stolting, Marcellina M., additional, and Corbee, Ronald Jan, additional
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- 2023
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11. Correction: van Lent et al. Kittens That Nurse 7 Weeks or Longer Are Less Likely to Become Overweight Adult Cats. Animals 2021, 11, 3434
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Lent, Denise van, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Stolting, Marcellina M., Corbee, Ronald Jan, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, Interne geneeskunde GD, and CS_Welfare & emerging diseases
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The authors would like to make the following corrections to the publication [1]: Addition of an Author Marcellina M. Stolting was not included as an author in the original publication [1]. The corrected Author Contributions Statement appears here. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.v.L. and M.M.S.; Methodology, D.v.L. and M.M.S.; Data curation, J.C.M.V.; Validation, J.C.M.V.; Formal analysis, D.v.L. and J.C.M.V.; Investigation, D.v.L.; Project administration, D.v.L.; Resources, D.v.L.;Writing—original draft, D.v.L. and M.M.S.; Visualization, D.v.L., J.C.M.V. and R.J.C.; Writing—review & editing D.v.L., J.C.M.V. and R.J.C.; Supervision, R.J.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Addition of an Affiliation Accordingly, Marcellina M. Stolting’s affiliation and email is added (affiliation 3): Cat Behaviour Consultancy, P.O. Box 11375, 1001 GJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; info@kattengedragstherapie.nl. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original publication has also been updated.
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- 2023
12. Intervertebral disc degeneration in warmblood horses: Histological and biochemical characterization
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Bergmann, Wilhelmina, de Lest, Chris van, Plomp, Saskia, Vernooij, Johannes C M, Wijnberg, Inge D, Back, Willem, Gröne, Andrea, Delany, Mark W, Caliskan, Nermin, Tryfonidou, Marianna A, Grinwis, Guy C M, Dep Pathobiologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Equine Musculoskeletal Biology, Veterinaire biochemie, dB&C FR-RMSC RMSC, dES RMSC, CS_Locomotion, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, Equine Internal Medicine, dES AVR, CS_Welfare & emerging diseases, VP pathologie, dPB I&I, Chirurgie, dCSCA RMSC-1, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, LS Pathologie, Dep Pathobiologie, VPDC pathologie, dPB CR, Equine Musculoskeletal Biology, Veterinaire biochemie, dB&C FR-RMSC RMSC, dES RMSC, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, Equine Internal Medicine, dES AVR, VP pathologie, dPB I&I, Chirurgie, dCSCA RMSC-1, CS_Locomotion, CS_Welfare & emerging diseases, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, and LS Pathologie
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General Veterinary ,intervertebral disc degeneration ,fibrosis ,scoring ,pentosidine ,musculoskeletal system ,veterinary(all) ,horse ,histology ,Dogs ,hydroxylysine ,glycosaminoglycan ,Animals ,Horse Diseases ,Collagen ,Dog Diseases ,Horses ,Intervertebral Disc - Abstract
Gross morphology of healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) is largely similar in horses as in dogs and humans. For further comparison, the biochemical composition and the histological and biochemical changes with age and degeneration were analyzed in 41 warmblood horses. From 33 horses, 139 discs and 2 fetal vertebral columns were evaluated and scored histologically. From 13 horses, 73 IVDs were assessed for hydration, DNA, glycosaminoglycans, total collagen, hydroxyl-lysyl-pyridinoline, hydroxylysine, and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content. From 7 horses, 20 discs were assessed for aggrecan, fibronectin, and collagen type 1 and 2 content. Histologically, tearing of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and cervical annulus fibrosus (AF), and total histological score (tearing and vascular proliferation of the AF, and chondroid metaplasia, chondrocyte-like cell proliferation, presence of notochordal cells, matrix staining, and tearing of the NP) correlated with gross degeneration. Notochordal cells were not seen in IVDs of horses. Age and gross degeneration were positively correlated with AGEs and a fibrotic phenotype, explaining gross degenerative changes. In contrast to dogs and humans, there was no consistent difference in glycosaminoglycan content and hydration between AF and NP, nor decrease of these variables with age or degeneration. Hydroxylysine decrease and collagen 1 and AGEs increase were most prominent in the NP, suggesting degeneration started in the AP. In caudal cervical NPs, AGE deposition was significantly increased in grossly normal IVDs and total collagen significantly increased with age, suggesting increased biomechanical stress and likelihood for spinal disease in this part of the vertebral column.
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- 2022
13. Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-vet-10.1177_03009858211067463 - Intervertebral disc degeneration in warmblood horses: Histological and biochemical characterization
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Bergmann, Wilhelmina, de Lest, Chris van, Plomp, Saskia, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Wijnberg, Inge D., Back, Willem, Gr��ne, Andrea, Delany, Mark W., Caliskan, Nermin, Tryfonidou, Marianna A., and Grinwis, Guy C. M.
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70706 Veterinary Medicine ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,FOS: Veterinary sciences ,111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-vet-10.1177_03009858211067463 for Intervertebral disc degeneration in warmblood horses: Histological and biochemical characterization by Wilhelmina Bergmann, Chris van de Lest, Saskia Plomp, Johannes C. M. Vernooij, Inge D. Wijnberg, Willem Back, Andrea Gr��ne, Mark W. Delany, Nermin Caliskan, Marianna A. Tryfonidou and Guy C. M. Grinwis in Veterinary Pathology
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- 2022
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14. Kittens That Nurse 7 Weeks or Longer Are Less Likely to Become Overweight Adult Cats
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Lent, Denise van, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Corbee, Ronald Jan, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, Interne geneeskunde GD, dCSCA AVR, CS_Welfare & emerging diseases, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, Interne geneeskunde GD, dCSCA AVR, and CS_Welfare & emerging diseases
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Leptin ,Veterinary medicine ,Welfare ,Nursing ,Weaning ,Overweight ,Logistic regression ,Body fat percentage ,Article ,SF600-1100 ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,Suckling ,CATS ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Cat health ,Feline obesity ,veterinary(all) ,Breed ,leptin ,suckling ,weaning ,feline obesity ,welfare ,risk factors ,nursing ,overweight ,QL1-991 ,Risk factors ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Zoology - Abstract
Simple Summary Most pet cats are separated from the queen during the suckling period and before they are fully weaned. Weaning is characterized by rapid growth and development of the kitten and marks the transition from a fully milk-based diet to a solid-food diet. Early-life feeding is known to influence the development of the digestion system, eating behavior, and dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the suckling period length (SPL) on adult weight status and whether a deficiency during a critical period of development—as a short SPL can be considered - may influence body weight regulation, control of appetite and energy expenditure. Our findings show that a shorter SPL increases the risk of overweight in cats. The odds for overweight was three times lower in cats with a SPL > 6 weeks (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.10–0.99). The suckling period length (SPL) could be an easy modifiable risk factor in the primary prevention of overweight in cats. Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the suckling period length (SPL) on weight status among adult cats while taking into account putative risk factors. To this end, the body fat percentage of 69 client-owned cats was determined. A body fat percentage of >30% was used for overweight classification. Cat owners were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire to collect information about the SPL, age, breed, sex, feeding amount and frequency, daily playing and outdoor access. SPL was categorized into four groups (0–6, 7–11, 12–16, 17–24 weeks). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between overweight and SPL after adjusting for identified risk factors. Of the 69 cats, 37 were overweight. The odds for overweight was three times lower in cats with a SPL > 6 weeks (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.10−0.99). This study identified a possible novel, modifiable early life risk factor for overweight in cats; the SPL. The results of this study indicate that allowing cats to nurse longer than 12 weeks might be a simple intervention to improve cat health and welfare.
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- 2021
15. Kittens That Nurse 7 Weeks or Longer Are Less Likely to Become Overweight Adult Cats
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van Lent, Denise, primary, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, and Corbee, Ronald Jan, additional
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- 2021
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16. Penetration of topically administered dexamethasone disodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate into the normal equine ocular fluids
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Hermans, Hanneke, primary, van den Berg, Els M. H., additional, Slenter, Inge J. M., additional, Vendrig, Dax J. C., additional, de Nijs‐Tjon, Lilian J. L., additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, Brommer, Harold, additional, Boevé, Michael H., additional, and Gehring, Ronette, additional
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- 2021
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17. Serological Screening for Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Dutch Shelter Cats
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van der Leij, W J R, Broens, Els M, Hesselink, Jan Willem, Schuurman, Nancy, Vernooij, Johannes C M, Egberink, Herman F, Interne geneeskunde GD, dCSCA AVR, Klinische infectiologie en microb. lab., dI&I I&I-4, Algemeen paard, dCSCA RMSC-1, dCSCA RMSC-2, Virologie, dI&I I&I-1, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, CS_Welfare & emerging diseases, Interne geneeskunde GD, dCSCA AVR, Klinische infectiologie en microb. lab., dI&I I&I-4, Algemeen paard, dCSCA RMSC-1, dCSCA RMSC-2, Virologie, dI&I I&I-1, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, and CS_Welfare & emerging diseases
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Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Animal shelter ,Seroprevalence ,Antibodies, Viral ,Cat Diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Article ,COVID-19 Serological Testing ,Serology ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Virology ,Pandemic ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Viral shedding ,Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody ,Netherlands ,Coronavirus ,One health ,CATS ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Shelter medicine ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Housing, Animal ,QR1-502 ,Virus Shedding ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Titer ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ,Cats ,Female ,business - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns that companion animals might be infected with, and could become a reservoir of, SARS-CoV-2. As cats are popular pets and susceptible to Coronavirus, we investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in shelter cats housed in Dutch animal shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this large-scale cross-sectional study, serum samples of shelter cats were collected during the second wave of human COVID-19 infections in The Netherlands. Seroprevalence was determined by using an indirect protein-based ELISA validated for cats, and a Virus Neutralization Test (VNT) as confirmation. To screen for feline SARS-CoV-2 shedding, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs of cats positive for ELISA and/or VNT were analyzed using PCR tests. In 28 Dutch animal shelters, 240 shelter cats were convenience sampled. Two of these cats (0.8%, CI 95%: 0.1–3.0%) were seropositive, as evidenced by the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. The seropositive animals tested PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2. Based on the results of this study, it is unlikely that shelter cats could be a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 or pose a (significant) risk to public health.
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- 2021
18. Teaching Slaughter: Mapping Changes in Emotions in Veterinary Students during Training in Humane Slaughter
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Hulsbergen, Michiel H, Dop, Petra Y, Vernooij, Johannes C M, Burt, Sara A, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, One Health Microbieel, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dFAH AVR, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, One Health Microbieel, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, and dFAH AVR
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Veterinary medicine ,student ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Emotions ,emotion ,050105 experimental psychology ,Veterinarians ,Education ,0403 veterinary science ,Taverne ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Animals ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,humane slaughter ,Students ,learning ,General Veterinary ,stunning ,Teaching ,05 social sciences ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,veterinary ,Cattle ,Education, Veterinary ,Psychology ,Educational program ,Abattoirs - Abstract
As part of their training, Dutch veterinary students learn how to carry out the humane slaughter of livestock, which many students consider emotionally challenging. The aims of this study were to plot changes in self-reported emotions in veterinary students at different time points during an educational program on humane slaughter using emotion cards and to assess the change in reported emotions after adding a video and a short period of self-reflection to the program. Emotions were mapped in five groups of students at the beginning, middle, and end of the program by asking them to select from 40 cards depicting emotions in photo and text. Then two changes were made to the course program: a video of an expert slaughterman stunning and bleeding a bovine was shown, and the students were requested to spend 2 minutes picturing themselves carrying out the same procedures. To evaluate the effect of these improvements to the course, the following five groups of students were asked in the same way to indicate their emotions at the same three time points. Adding the video and short period of self-reflection did not change the emotions reported by students. Our results indicate that instruction in humane slaughter techniques involves a significant mental challenge for students. The use of emotion cards by teachers could provide useful insights into emotional aspects of the more challenging programs for students.
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- 2019
19. Penetration of topically administered dexamethasone disodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate into the normal equine ocular fluids.
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Hermans, Hanneke, van den Berg, Els M. H., Slenter, Inge J. M., Vendrig, Dax J. C., de Nijs‐Tjon, Lilian J. L., Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Brommer, Harold, Boevé, Michael H., and Gehring, Ronette
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Summary: Background: Topical dexamethasone and prednisolone are currently the mainstay treatment for equine ophthalmic inflammatory diseases, such as equine recurrent uveitis. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies in horses are lacking and current guidelines are mainly based on empirical data and extrapolation from other species. Objectives: To investigate the penetration and local concentrations of topically applied dexamethasone and prednisolone in normal equine ocular fluids and serum. Study design: Prospective randomised experimental pharmacokinetic study. Methods: Twenty‐one Shetland ponies without ophthalmic disease were treated bilaterally topically every 2 hours during 24 hours to obtain steady state drug concentrations. One eye was treated with 0.15 mg of dexamethasone disodium phosphate (0.1%), and the other eye was simultaneously treated with 1.5 mg of prednisolone acetate (1%). Serum samples were taken prior to the induction of general anaesthesia. Aqueous and vitreous humour samples were taken during euthanasia at time points after administration of the last dose (t = 5 min, t = 15 min, t = 30 min, t = 60 min, t = 90 min, t = 120 min, t = 180 min). Each pony was randomly assigned to one time point, and three ponies were sampled per time point. Dexamethasone and prednisolone concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Results: The mean dexamethasone concentration in aqueous humour was 32.4 ng/mL (standard deviation [SD] 10.9) and the mean prednisolone concentration was 321.6 ng/mL (SD 96.0). In the vitreous and in serum samples concentrations of both corticosteroids were below the limit of detection (LOD 2.5 ng/mL). Main limitations: The study group was limited to subjects without evidence of current ophthalmic disease. A limited number of time points were measured. Conclusions: Potentially effective dexamethasone and prednisolone concentrations were measured in the anterior chamber, but vitreal concentrations were negligible. Systemic uptake was low. Therefore, treatment with only topically administered corticosteroids is deemed insufficient in horses in cases of posterior uveitis. Further studies evaluating other routes of administration are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. The evaluation of the effect of probiotics on the healing of equine distal limb wounds
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Wilmink, Jacintha M., primary, Ladefoged, Søren, additional, Jongbloets, Angelique, additional, and Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional
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- 2020
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21. Association of wild bird densities around poultry farms with the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 outbreaks in the Netherlands, 2016
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Velkers, Francisca C., primary, Manders, Thijs T. M., additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, Stahl, Julia, additional, Slaterus, Roy, additional, and Stegeman, J. Arjan, additional
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- 2020
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22. Presumed cholesterinic granulomas detected on CT in horses are associated with increased lateral ventricle height and age
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Lloyd‐Edwards, Ralph A, primary, Willems, Dorien S, additional, Beukers, Martijn, additional, Brom‐Spierenburg, Astrid, additional, Vernooij, Johannes C M, additional, and Veraa, Stefanie, additional
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- 2020
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23. Computed tomographic pelvimetry in English bulldogs
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Dobak, Tetyda P., Voorhout, George, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Boroffka, Susanne A. E. B., Diagnostische beeldvorming, Beheer, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, dCSCA AVR, dFAH AVR, Diagnostische beeldvorming, Beheer, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, dCSCA AVR, and dFAH AVR
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pelvic inlet ,Computed tomography ,broadcast ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Computed tomographic ,Pelvis ,Canine ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dogs ,Food Animals ,Species Specificity ,Pregnancy ,broadcast.radio_station ,medicine ,Animals ,Caesarean section ,Dog Diseases ,Small Animals ,Retrospective Studies ,Univariate analysis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Equine ,business.industry ,Morphometry ,Body Weight ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Pelvimetry ,Dystocia ,body regions ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Pelvic outlet ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
English bulldogs have been reported to have a high incidence of dystocia and caesarean section is often performed electively in this breed. A narrow pelvic canal is the major maternal factor contributing to obstructive dystocia. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the pelvic dimensions of 40 clinically healthy English bulldogs using computed tomography pelvimetry. A control group consisting of 30 non-brachycephalic dogs that underwent pelvic computed tomography was retrospectively collected from the patient archive system. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare computed tomography pelvimetry of both groups and the effects of weight and gender on the measurements. In addition, ratios were obtained to address pelvic shape differences. A significantly (P = 0.00) smaller pelvic size was found in English bulldogs compared to the control group for all computed tomography measurements: width and length of the pelvis, pelvic inlet and caudal pelvic aperture. The pelvic conformation was significantly different between the groups, English bulldogs had an overall shorter pelvis and pelvic canal and a narrower pelvic outlet. Weight had a significant effect on all measurements whereas gender that only had a significant effect on some (4/11) pelvic dimensions. Our findings prove that English bulldogs have a generally reduced pelvic size as well as a shorter pelvis and narrower pelvic outlet when compared to non-brachycephalic breeds. We suggest that some of our measurements may serve as a baseline for pelvic dimensions in English bulldogs and may be useful for future studies on dystocia in this breed.
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- 2018
24. Association of wild bird densities around poultry farms with the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 outbreaks in the Netherlands, 2016.
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Velkers, Francisca C., Manders, Thijs T. M., Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Stahl, Julia, Slaterus, Roy, and Stegeman, J. Arjan
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POULTRY farms ,AVIAN influenza ,AVIAN influenza A virus ,FARM risks ,POULTRY ,MIGRATORY birds ,ENVIRONMENTAL literacy ,DENSITY - Abstract
Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) can spread globally through migratory birds and cause massive outbreaks in commercial poultry. AIV outbreaks have been associated with proximity to waterbodies, presence of waterfowl or wild bird cases near poultry farms. In this study, we compared densities of selected HPAI high‐risk wild bird species around 7 locations (H farms) infected with HPAIV H5N8 in the Netherlands in 2016–2017 to densities around 21 non‐infected reference farms. Nine reference farms were in low‐lying water‐rich areas (R‐W) and 12 in higher non‐water‐rich areas (R‐NW). Average monthly numbers/km2 of Eurasian wigeons, tufted ducks, Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) and Laridae (gulls) were calculated between September and April in rings of 0–1, 1–3, 3–6 and 6–10 km around the farms. Linear mixed model analyses showed generally higher bird densities for H and R‐W compared to R‐NW farms between October and March. This was most striking for Eurasian wigeons, with in peak month December 105 (95% CI:17–642) and 40 (7–214) times higher densities around H and R‐W farms, respectively, compared to R‐NW farms. Increased densities around H farms for Eurasian wigeons and Anatidae were more pronounced for distances up to 10 km compared to 0–1 km that mostly consists of the farm yard, which is an unattractive habitat for waterfowl. This distance effect was not observed in gulls, nor in tufted ducks that live on large open waterbodies which are unlikely to be within 0–1 km of farms. This study provides insights into spatio‐temporal density dynamics of HPAI high‐risk birds around farms and their associations with poultry outbreaks. The outcomes indicate that knowledge of environmental and ecological drivers for wild bird presence and abundance may facilitate identification of priority areas for surveillance and biosecurity measures and decisions on establishments of poultry farms to reduce risk of HPAI outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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25. The Myth of Fibroid Degeneration in the Canine Intervertebral Disc: A Histopathological Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chondrodystrophic and Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs
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Hansen, Tove, Smolders, Lucas A, Tryfonidou, Marianna A, Meij, Björn P, Vernooij, Johannes C M, Bergknut, Niklas, Grinwis, Guy C M, dCSCA RMSC-1, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, PB AVM, dPB CR, dCSCA AVR, dCSCA RMSC-1, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, PB AVM, dPB CR, and dCSCA AVR
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Degeneration (medical) ,spinal diseases ,0403 veterinary science ,herniation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Metaplasia ,Fibrocyte ,Medicine ,Animals ,chondrodystrophic ,nonchondrodystrophic ,Dog Diseases ,Intervertebral Disc ,General Veterinary ,Leiomyoma ,business.industry ,Intervertebral disc ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,musculoskeletal system ,condroid and fibroid degeneration ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Histopathology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Joint Diseases ,Intervertebral disc degeneration ,business ,Cartilage Diseases ,Chondroid metaplasia - Abstract
Since the seminal work by Hans-Jörgen Hansen in 1952, it has been assumed that intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in chondrodystrophic (CD) dogs involves chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus, whereas in nonchondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs, fibrous metaplasia occurs. However, more recent studies suggest that IVD degeneration in NCD and CD dogs is more similar than originally thought. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the histopathology of IVD degeneration in CD and NCD dogs. IVDs with various grades of degeneration (Thompson grade I–III, n = 7 per grade) from both CD and NCD dogs were used (14 CD and 18 NCD dogs, 42 IVDs in total). Sections were scored according to a histological scoring scheme for canine IVD degeneration, including evaluation of the presence of fibrocyte-like cells in the nucleus pulposus. In CD dogs, the macroscopically non-degenerated nucleus pulposus contained mainly chondrocyte-like cells, whereas the non-degenerated nucleus pulposus of NCD dogs mainly contained notochordal cells. The histopathological changes in degenerated discs were similar in CD and NCD dogs and resembled chondroid metaplasia. Fibrocytes were not seen in the nucleus pulposus, indicating that fibrous degeneration of the IVD was not present in any of the evaluated grades of degeneration. In conclusion, intervertebral disc degeneration was characterized by chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus in both NCD and CD dogs. These results revoke the generally accepted concept that NCD and CD dogs suffer from a different type of IVD degeneration, in veterinary literature often referred to as chondroid or fibroid degeneration, and we suggest that chondroid metaplasia should be used to describe the tissue changes in the IVD in both breed types.
- Published
- 2017
26. Inter-Rater Reliability of Grading Undergraduate Portfolios in Veterinary Medical Education
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Favier, Robert P, Vernooij, Johannes C M, Jonker, F Herman, Bok, Harold G, Sub Hepatologie, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Onderwijs- en studentenzaken, Sub Hepatologie, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, Sub GZ Herkauwer, and Onderwijs- en studentenzaken
- Subjects
Male ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Intraclass correlation ,education ,Qualitative property ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Education ,portfolio ,inter-rater reliability ,medicine ,Humans ,Students ,Grading (education) ,Grade level ,Netherlands ,Medical education ,high-stakes assessment ,General Veterinary ,Public health ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Academic standards ,humanities ,Inter-rater reliability ,Cohort ,Female ,Educational Measurement ,Education, Veterinary ,Psychology ,Education, Medical, Undergraduate ,veterinacy - Abstract
The reliability of high-stakes assessment of portfolios containing an aggregation of quantitative and qualitative data based on programmatic assessment is under debate, especially when multiple assessors are involved. In this study carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, two independent assessors graded the portfolios of students in their second year of the 3-year clinical phase. The similarity of grades (i.e., equal grades) and the level of the grades were studied to estimate inter-rater reliability, taking into account the potential effects of the assessor’s background (i.e., originating from a clinical or non-clinical department) and student’s cohort group, gender, and chosen master track (Companion Animal Health, Equine Health, or Farm Animal/Public Health). Whereas the similarity between the two grades increased from 58% in the first year the grading system was introduced to around 80% afterwards, the grade level was lower over the next 3 years. The assessor’s background had a minor effect on the proportion of similar grades, as well as on grading level. The assessor intraclass correlation was low (i.e., all assessors scored with a similar grading pattern [same range of grades]). The grades awarded to female students were higher but more often dissimilar. We conclude that the grading system was well implemented and has a high inter-rater reliability.
- Published
- 2019
27. Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum on Beta2 Toxin Production by Clostridium perfringens
- Author
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Allaart, Janneke G., primary, van Asten, Alphons J. A. M., additional, Vernooij, Johannes C. M., additional, and Gröne, Andrea, additional
- Published
- 2011
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28. Expression of leptin receptor mRNA in cumulus cells is correlated with expression of PTX3.
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van Tol, Helena T. A., Vernooij, Johannes C. M., Colenbrander, Ben, Gutknecht, Dagmar, Macklon, Nicholas S., and Roelen, Bernard A. J.
- Subjects
- *
LEPTIN , *OVUM , *FERTILIZATION in vitro , *GENE expression , *PREGNANCY , *CELLULAR signal transduction - Abstract
This study investigated the role of the leptin system in human oocyte maturation and its prognostic value for IVF outcome. The protein concentrations of leptin and soluble leptin receptor in follicular fluid were determined and the free leptin index (FLI) were established. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of different tempting receptor (ObR) isoforms and of PTX3 and HAS2 in cumulus cells were quantified, mutually compared and analysed relative to FLI, body mass index, age and number of retrieved oocytes. Expression of all target genes was detected in the cumulus cells, with relatively low concentrations of ObR-Long. Strong mutual correlations were found between mRNA expression levels of leptin receptor isoforms (P < 0.001) and also between the short isoforms of the leptin receptor and PTX3 (P < 0.001). Although the mean values of the pregnant and non-pregnant groups did not differ significantly for any of the variables, the chance that treatment resulted in ongoing pregnancy was higher with leptin <0.5 ng/mg protein compared with concentrations >0.5 ng/mg protein (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the leptin system appears to play a role in the IVF protocol, whereby signal transduction in cumulus cells occurs predominantly via the short isoforms of ObR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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29. Effect of body condition score on the interobserver variability of vertebral heart scale assessment in dogs.
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Bruining-Staal K, Tiemessen I, Vernooij JCM, and Beijerink N
- Abstract
The vertebral heart scale (VHS) is widely known and used as an objective standard for the evaluation of cardiomegaly on thoracic radiographs. It, therefore, plays an important role in assessing the severity of canine heart disease. The body condition score (BCS) is a nine-scale body condition scoring system used to objectively document the body condition in dogs. Obese animals have widened precardiac and postcardiac mediastinum, fat deposits between the sternum and lungs or heart, as well as increased pericardial fat. These conditions could complicate cardiac silhouette evaluation and could, therefore, result in higher interobserver variability in the assessment of VHS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether overweight dogs (BCS 6/9, 7/9, 8/9, and 9/9) have more variability in the interobserver VHS measurement compared with dogs with a normal BCS (BCS 4/9 and 5/9). The dogs were admitted to a private referral center for different medical reasons. The VHS was measured by three trained observers in right lateral radiographs of 18 overweight dogs and 33 dogs with a normal BCS. Bland-Altmann plots were constructed, and limits of agreement were calculated to show the variability of VHS measurements. No statistically significant differences in VHS variability were found between BCS categories, observers, sex, or age categories. In conclusion, BCS does not affect the reliability of VHS assessment among trained veterinarians., (© 2024 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2024
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30. Evaluation of Surgical Technique and Clinical Results of a Procedure-Specific Fixation Method for Tibial Tuberosity Transposition in Dogs: 37 Cases.
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Onis D, Entoft J, Wouters EGH, Skytte D, Bruining-Staal K, Vernooij JCM, and Meij BP
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- Animals, Dogs, Postoperative Complications veterinary, Retrospective Studies, Tibia surgery, Dog Diseases surgery, Joint Dislocations veterinary, Patellar Dislocation veterinary, Tibial Fractures surgery, Tibial Fractures veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the use of a procedure-specific fixation method for tibial tuberosity transposition and report clinical outcome., Study Design: This is a multi-institutional case series, evaluating 37 cases that were treated surgically for medial patellar luxation (MPL) and in which the tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) was performed using the Rapid Luxation Plating System (RLPS). Surgical technique, implants, clinical outcome, and complications are reported., Results: Surgery was successfully performed in dogs weighing 2.5 to 36.2 kg. Postoperative minor complications occurred in 13 cases (35%) and major complications occurred in 3 cases (8%). No implant-related complications or tibial tuberosity avulsions or fractures were seen. Outcome related to surgery was good or excellent in all cases., Conclusion: The RLPS for TTT provides a feasible technique in a large range of patients with MPL and lowers the occurrence of implant-related complications and tibial tuberosity avulsion or fracture., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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31. Intervertebral disc degeneration in warmblood horses: Histological and biochemical characterization.
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Bergmann W, de Lest CV, Plomp S, Vernooij JCM, Wijnberg ID, Back W, Gröne A, Delany MW, Caliskan N, Tryfonidou MA, and Grinwis GCM
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- Animals, Collagen, Dogs, Fibrosis, Horses, Hydroxylysine, Dog Diseases pathology, Horse Diseases pathology, Intervertebral Disc pathology, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration pathology, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration veterinary
- Abstract
Gross morphology of healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) is largely similar in horses as in dogs and humans. For further comparison, the biochemical composition and the histological and biochemical changes with age and degeneration were analyzed in 41 warmblood horses. From 33 horses, 139 discs and 2 fetal vertebral columns were evaluated and scored histologically. From 13 horses, 73 IVDs were assessed for hydration, DNA, glycosaminoglycans, total collagen, hydroxyl-lysyl-pyridinoline, hydroxylysine, and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content. From 7 horses, 20 discs were assessed for aggrecan, fibronectin, and collagen type 1 and 2 content. Histologically, tearing of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and cervical annulus fibrosus (AF), and total histological score (tearing and vascular proliferation of the AF, and chondroid metaplasia, chondrocyte-like cell proliferation, presence of notochordal cells, matrix staining, and tearing of the NP) correlated with gross degeneration. Notochordal cells were not seen in IVDs of horses. Age and gross degeneration were positively correlated with AGEs and a fibrotic phenotype, explaining gross degenerative changes. In contrast to dogs and humans, there was no consistent difference in glycosaminoglycan content and hydration between AF and NP, nor decrease of these variables with age or degeneration. Hydroxylysine decrease and collagen 1 and AGEs increase were most prominent in the NP, suggesting degeneration started in the AP. In caudal cervical NPs, AGE deposition was significantly increased in grossly normal IVDs and total collagen significantly increased with age, suggesting increased biomechanical stress and likelihood for spinal disease in this part of the vertebral column.
- Published
- 2022
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32. The effect of new bovine viral diarrhea virus introduction on somatic cell count, calving interval, culling, and calf mortality of dairy herds in the Dutch bovine viral diarrhea virus-free program.
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Yue X, van der Voort M, Steeneveld W, van Schaik G, Vernooij JCM, van Duijn L, and Hogeveen H
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cell Count veterinary, Diarrhea veterinary, Female, Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease prevention & control, Cattle Diseases, Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral, Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral
- Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection has a major effect on the health of cows and consequently on herd performance. Many countries have implemented control or eradication programs to mitigate BVDV infection and its negative effects. These negative effects of BVDV infection on dairy herds are well documented, but there is much less information about the effects of new introduction of BVDV on dairy herds already participating in a BVDV control program. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of a new BVDV introduction in BVDV-free herds participating in the Dutch BVDV-free program on herd performance. Longitudinal herd-level surveillance data were combined with herd information data to create 4 unique data sets, including a monthly test-day somatic cell count (SCC) data set, annual calving interval (CIV) and culling risk (CR) data sets, and a quarterly calf mortality rate (CMR) data set. Each database contained 2 types of herds: herds that remained BVDV free during the whole study period (defined as free herds), and herds that lost their BVDV-free status during the study period (defined as breakdown herds). The date of losing the BVDV-free status was defined as breakdown date. To compare breakdown herds with free herds, a random breakdown date was artificially generated for free herds by simple random sampling from the distribution of the breakdown month of the breakdown herds. The SCC and CIV before and after a new introduction of BVDV were compared through linear mixed-effects models with a Gaussian distribution, and the CR and CMR were modeled using a negative binomial distribution in generalized linear mixed-effects models. The explanatory variables for all models included herd type, BVDV status, year, and a random herd effect. Herd size was included as an explanatory variable in the SCC, CIV, and CMR model. Season was included as an explanatory variable in the SCC and CMR model. Results showed that free herds have lower SCC, CR, CMR, and shorter CIV than the breakdown herds. Within the breakdown herds, the new BVDV introduction affected the SCC and CMR. In the year after BVDV introduction, the SCC was higher than that in the year before BVDV introduction, with a factor of 1.011 [2.5th to 97.5th percentile (95% PCTL): 1.002, 1.020]. Compared with the year before BVDV breakdown, the CMR in the year of breakdown and the year after breakdown was higher, with factors of 1.170 (95% PCTL: 1.120; 1.218) and 1.096 (95% PCTL: 1.048; 1.153), respectively. This study reveals that a new introduction of BVDV had a negative but on average relatively small effect on herd performance in herds participating in a BVDV control program., (Copyright © 2021 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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33. Serological Screening for Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Dutch Shelter Cats.
- Author
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van der Leij WJR, Broens EM, Hesselink JW, Schuurman N, Vernooij JCM, and Egberink HF
- Subjects
- Animals, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing veterinary, COVID-19 Serological Testing veterinary, Cat Diseases immunology, Cats, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Housing, Animal, Humans, Male, Netherlands epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2 physiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virus Shedding, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Viral blood, COVID-19 veterinary, Cat Diseases epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns that companion animals might be infected with, and could become a reservoir of, SARS-CoV-2. As cats are popular pets and susceptible to Coronavirus, we investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in shelter cats housed in Dutch animal shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this large-scale cross-sectional study, serum samples of shelter cats were collected during the second wave of human COVID-19 infections in The Netherlands. Seroprevalence was determined by using an indirect protein-based ELISA validated for cats, and a Virus Neutralization Test (VNT) as confirmation. To screen for feline SARS-CoV-2 shedding, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs of cats positive for ELISA and/or VNT were analyzed using PCR tests. In 28 Dutch animal shelters, 240 shelter cats were convenience sampled. Two of these cats (0.8%; CI 95%: 0.1-3.0%) were seropositive, as evidenced by the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. The seropositive animals tested PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2. Based on the results of this study, it is unlikely that shelter cats could be a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 or pose a (significant) risk to public health.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus introduction on milk production of Dutch dairy herds.
- Author
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Yue X, Steeneveld W, van der Voort M, van Schaik G, Vernooij JCM, van Duijn L, Veldhuis AMB, and Hogeveen H
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease epidemiology, Cattle, Dairying, Female, Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease physiopathology, Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral, Milk
- Abstract
Dairy cows are negatively affected by the introduction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and consequently, produce less milk. Existing literature on potential milk production losses is based on relatively outdated data and hardly evaluates milk production loss in relation to a new BVDV infection in a surveillance system. This study determined the annual and quarterly loss in milk production of BVDV introduction in 3,126 dairy herds participating in the Dutch BVDV-free program between 2007 and 2017. Among these herds, 640 were "breakdown-herds" that obtained and subsequently lost their BVDV-free status during the study period, and 2,486 herds obtained and retained their BVDV-free status during the study period. Milk yields before and after BVDV introduction were compared through annual and quarterly linear mixed models. The fixed variables for both models included herd type (breakdown-herd or free-herd), bovine viral diarrhea status (on an annual and quarterly basis), year, season, and a random herd effect. The dependent variable was the average daily milk yield on the test day. To define the possible BVDV-introduction dates, 4 scenarios were developed. In the default scenario, the date of breakdown (i.e., loss of the BVDV-free status) was assumed as the BVDV-introduction date. For the other 3 scenarios, the BVDV-introduction dates were set at 4, 6, and 9 mo before the date of breakdown, based on the estimated birth date of a persistently infected calf. In the default scenario, the loss in milk yield due to BVDV introduction occurred mainly in the first year after breakdown, with a reduction in yield of 0.08 kg/cow per day compared with the last year before breakdown. For the other 3 scenarios, the greatest yield reduction occurred in the second year after BVDV introduction, with a loss of 0.09, 0.09, and 0.1 kg/cow per day, respectively. For the first 4 quarters after BVDV introduction in the default scenario, milk yield loss was 0.14, 0.09, 0.02, and 0.08 kg/cow per day, respectively. These quarterly results indicated that milk yield loss was greatest in the first quarter after BVDV introduction. Overall, BVDV introduction had a negative, but on average a relatively small, effect on milk yield for herds participating in the BVDV-free program. This study will enable dairy farmers and policymakers to have a clearer understanding of the quantitative milk production effect of BVDV on dairy farms in a control program., (The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. and Fass Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cervical disc width index is a reliable parameter and consistent in young growing Dutch Warmblood horses.
- Author
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Veraa S, Scheffer CJW, Smeets DHM, de Bruin RB, Hoogendoorn AC, Vernooij JCM, Nielen M, and Back W
- Abstract
Intervertebral disc disease, as well as the associated alteration of the radiographic intervertebral disc space width, has been reported in horses. Disc height index (DHI) has proven to be an accurate and objective parameter in other species but data related to this parameter are lacking in horses. Therefore, the aims of this retrospective longitudinal diagnostic accuracy study were (a) to evaluate the reliability of measurements within and between observers of the equine Disc Width Index (EDWI) as a parameter for radiographic equine cervical intervertebral disc space width, and (b) to evaluate the sequential development of the EDWI over time. For this, EDWI from all intervertebral disc spaces between second cervical (C) to first thoracic (Th) vertebrae were obtained in a group of 39 Dutch Warmblood horses at 1, 5, and 18 months of age, by one European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI) board-certified veterinary radiologist (S.V.) and two veterinary students. Bland-Altmann plots and intraclass Correlation Coefficient revealed a good intra- and interobserver agreement. A linear mixed-effect model did reveal that mean EDWI increases significantly toward the caudal cervical spine, but did not differ significantly for a certain location over time or between sexes. Spearman's rank test did show a significant correlation between the vertebral alignment angle induced by different head-neck positions and a normalized EDWI (ρ = 0.33, P < .0001). Student's t-test revealed that the presence of C6-C7 transposition of the transverse processes did not influence EDWI significantly. It was concluded that EDWI represents a reliable parameter for equine cervical radiographic intervertebral disc space width. Practical implementation of EDWI warrants monitoring in a group of adult horses while maintaining a standardized head-neck position., (© 2020 The Authors. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Computed tomographic pelvimetry in English bulldogs.
- Author
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Dobak TP, Voorhout G, Vernooij JCM, and Boroffka SAEB
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dystocia diagnostic imaging, Female, Male, Pelvimetry methods, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Species Specificity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dogs, Dystocia veterinary, Pelvimetry veterinary, Pelvis diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary
- Abstract
English bulldogs have been reported to have a high incidence of dystocia and caesarean section is often performed electively in this breed. A narrow pelvic canal is the major maternal factor contributing to obstructive dystocia. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the pelvic dimensions of 40 clinically healthy English bulldogs using computed tomography pelvimetry. A control group consisting of 30 non-brachycephalic dogs that underwent pelvic computed tomography was retrospectively collected from the patient archive system. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare computed tomography pelvimetry of both groups and the effects of weight and gender on the measurements. In addition, ratios were obtained to address pelvic shape differences. A significantly (P = 0.00) smaller pelvic size was found in English bulldogs compared to the control group for all computed tomography measurements: width and length of the pelvis, pelvic inlet and caudal pelvic aperture. The pelvic conformation was significantly different between the groups, English bulldogs had an overall shorter pelvis and pelvic canal and a narrower pelvic outlet. Weight had a significant effect on all measurements whereas gender that only had a significant effect on some (4/11) pelvic dimensions. Our findings prove that English bulldogs have a generally reduced pelvic size as well as a shorter pelvis and narrower pelvic outlet when compared to non-brachycephalic breeds. We suggest that some of our measurements may serve as a baseline for pelvic dimensions in English bulldogs and may be useful for future studies on dystocia in this breed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Myth of Fibroid Degeneration in the Canine Intervertebral Disc: A Histopathological Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chondrodystrophic and Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs.
- Author
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Hansen T, Smolders LA, Tryfonidou MA, Meij BP, Vernooij JCM, Bergknut N, and Grinwis GCM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cartilage Diseases pathology, Cartilage Diseases veterinary, Dogs, Female, Intervertebral Disc pathology, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration pathology, Joint Diseases pathology, Joint Diseases veterinary, Leiomyoma pathology, Male, Dog Diseases pathology, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration veterinary, Leiomyoma metabolism
- Abstract
Since the seminal work by Hans-Jörgen Hansen in 1952, it has been assumed that intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in chondrodystrophic (CD) dogs involves chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus, whereas in nonchondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs, fibrous metaplasia occurs. However, more recent studies suggest that IVD degeneration in NCD and CD dogs is more similar than originally thought. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the histopathology of IVD degeneration in CD and NCD dogs. IVDs with various grades of degeneration (Thompson grade I-III, n = 7 per grade) from both CD and NCD dogs were used (14 CD and 18 NCD dogs, 42 IVDs in total). Sections were scored according to a histological scoring scheme for canine IVD degeneration, including evaluation of the presence of fibrocyte-like cells in the nucleus pulposus. In CD dogs, the macroscopically non-degenerated nucleus pulposus contained mainly chondrocyte-like cells, whereas the non-degenerated nucleus pulposus of NCD dogs mainly contained notochordal cells. The histopathological changes in degenerated discs were similar in CD and NCD dogs and resembled chondroid metaplasia. Fibrocytes were not seen in the nucleus pulposus, indicating that fibrous degeneration of the IVD was not present in any of the evaluated grades of degeneration. In conclusion, intervertebral disc degeneration was characterized by chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus in both NCD and CD dogs. These results revoke the generally accepted concept that NCD and CD dogs suffer from a different type of IVD degeneration, in veterinary literature often referred to as chondroid or fibroid degeneration, and we suggest that chondroid metaplasia should be used to describe the tissue changes in the IVD in both breed types.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Beta2 toxin is not involved in in vitro cell cytotoxicity caused by human and porcine cpb2-harbouring Clostridium perfringens.
- Author
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Allaart JG, van Asten AJ, Vernooij JC, and Gröne A
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Bacterial Toxins analysis, Bacterial Toxins toxicity, Caco-2 Cells, Cell Line, Cell Survival drug effects, Clostridium Infections complications, Clostridium perfringens genetics, Clostridium perfringens metabolism, Clostridium perfringens pathogenicity, Culture Media, Conditioned chemistry, Culture Media, Conditioned toxicity, Diarrhea etiology, Diarrhea microbiology, Humans, Swine, Bacterial Toxins metabolism, Clostridium Infections microbiology, Swine Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of intestinal disease in animals and humans. Its pathogenicity is attributed to the toxins it can produce, including the beta2 toxin. The presence of cpb2, the gene encoding the beta2 toxin, has been associated with diarrhoea in neonatal piglets and humans. However, the exact role of the beta2 toxin in the development of diarrhoea is still unknown. In this study we investigated the level of cytotoxicity to porcine IPI-21 and human Caco-2 cell-lines caused by porcine and human cpb2-harbouring C. perfringens and the significance of the beta2 toxin for the induction of cell cytotoxicity. Supernatants of porcine cpb2-harbouring C. perfringens strains were cytotoxic to both cell lines. Cell cytotoxicity caused by supernatant of human cpb2-harbouring C. perfringens strains was variable among strains. However, removal of the beta2 toxin by anti-beta2 toxin antibodies or degradation of the beta2 toxin by trypsin did not reduce the cytotoxic effect of any of the supernatants. These data suggest that beta2 toxin does not play a role in the development of cell cytotoxicity in in vitro experiments. In vivo studies are necessary to definitely define the role of beta2 toxin in the development of cell cytotoxicity and subsequent diarrhoea., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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