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The formation of karst landscapes is the result of a series of processes, whereby rock weathering and denudation play important roles. Soluble carbonate rocks are chemically weathered (dissolved) on the surface or under soil cover resulting in the formation of different karst morphologies and controlling surface denudation. The Dinaric karst area is the type-site for numerous karst features and phenomena, but studies on carbonate weathering in this region are still scarce, especially in the mountainous regions. To better understand the formation of Dinaric karst mountainous landscapes, we studied denudation rates at the northern part of Velebit Mountain using the rock tablet method. Denudation was measured using rock tablets consisting of local lithologies and “standard rock tablets” exposed to the natural environment at the surface, but also buried in the soil. Furthermore, rock tablets were placed in three different settings (open slope, small clearing, bottom of a doline) to evaluate the local factors impacting the denudation rate. The results of this study showed that the denudation rate is highly dependent on local factors and lithology, and that local rock tablets from different lithologies should be used to determine the actual denudation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on researching the reference literature, archival materials, and available sources, this paper describes the reflection of the personal name of the author of the first Croatian novel on Croatia’s toponymy and chrematonymy. Special attention is given to historical circumstances, motivation, naming principles, and impacts on the formation of Velebit’s present-day oronymy, whose examples frequently point to the issue of the standardisation of geographical names, the lack of a legislative solution that would precisely stipulate the landform naming procedure, and the necessity to establish a national-level expert body that would decide on the official figures of Croatian toponyms that are recorded on maps. The section on hodonymy and chrematonymy chiefly examines the wider Zadar region, where the reflection of the writer’s personal name is clearly the most widespread.

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stirovaca is located in Croatia, in the south-east part of Velebit National Park; it consists of dense forest stands and several meadow openings. The flora of the Stirovaca meadows has never before been systematically studied. Here, we report the results of a floristic study of plant diversity of the Stirovaca meadows. It was established that there were 134 species of wild vascular plants (132 species and 2 subspecies), classified into 97 genera and 38 families. The families with the greatest number of species and subspecies were Asteraceae (13.4 %), Poaceae (8.2 %), Lamiaceae (5.9 %) and Rosaceae (5.2 %). In the life-forms spectrum Hemicryptophyta prevailed (66.4 %) which is characteristic of meadowland flora in areas with continental climates. An analysis of the floristic elements showed the greatest presence of Eurasian (35.0 %) and South European floristic elements (23.1 %). Vegetation succession in the last 60 or so years has progressed very considerably, at the expense of meadowland. The results of this research show that the Stiro-vaca meadows are an essential enrichment of plant and landscape diversity, indicating the need to preserve and protect the area investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystopteris dickieana, a rare circum-Holarctic species, is recorded for the first time for the NW part of the Balkan area. Mature spores rugose characterize this fern within the C. fragilis species complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological excavations at the hillfort site of Gradina Svete Trojice, situated on the slopes of Velebit mountain, revealed abundant finds from the second half of the last millenium BC. Imported tableware, amphorae and various utilitarian shapes of coarse pottery are the basic categories of ceramic finds that testify, alongside metal objects such as coins or fibulae, to the trade and cultural connections with other parts of the Adriatic. Within the ceramic production, less frequently appear special shapes that do not belong to the mentioned categories of vessels for the preparation and consumption of food and beverages. On this occasion clay tools for textile production will be examined – i.e. the loom weights, spools and spindle whorls found during the trial excavations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Autor u prvome dijelu daje pregled vjerskih i crkvenih zbivanja tijekom povijesti u onom dijelu Podgorja koje danas pripada Gospićko-senjskoj biskupiji, tj. od Sv. Jurja do uključivo Lukovog Šugarja. Tijekom povijesti područje je pripadalo raznim biskupijama. Danas je navedeni prostor u Gospićko-senjskoj biskupiji. Osim Baških Oštarija, sve druge župe pripadaju danas Senjskom dekanatu. Područje je nekoliko puta raseljavano i nakon dulje vremena naseljavano. Sada je nastalo vrijeme nagle depopulacije kraja. U drugome dijelu govori o svakoj pojedinoj župi na tom prostoru. To su: Sv. Juraj, Lukovo Otočko, Starigrad, Jablanac, Prizna, Cesarica, Baške Oštarije, Karlobag i Lukovo Šugarje. Te župe i danas postoje, a u srednjem vijeku podatke o postojanju župa imamo za Starigrad, Jablanac, Cesaricu i Karlobag. U svakoj župi prikazane su sve crkve, župni stan, groblje i kronološki popis upravitelja župe. Bilo je u srednjem vijeku i nekoliko samostana ili redovničkih zajednica. U Sv. Jurju su bili benediktinci, u Stinici vjerojatno franjevci konventualci, u Karlobagu vjerojatno jedna ženska redovnička zajednica i franjevci trećoredci. Od razdoblja novoga vijeka na ovomu prostoru djeluju samo kapucini, i to u Karlobagu. Takav povijesni razvoj utjecao je i na život Crkve u Podgorju.

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Velebit je kultna i mitska hrvatska planina, "sveta gora", simbol nacionalnog identiteta. On je i perjanica hrvatskih zaštićenih područja prirode, UNESCO-ov (Organizacija Ujedinjenih naroda za obrazovanje, znanost i kulturu) rezervat biosfere od 1978., Park prirode od 1981., a dio pripada nacionalnom parku Paklenica od 1949. i nacionalnom parku Sjeverni Velebit od 1999. U cijelosti je dio ekološke mreže EU Natura 2000, što jasno upućuje na širi globalni značaj. Za dobra vremena cijeli se Velebit vidi iz zraka s visine od 8.000 m te ima oblik bedema koji se u luku izbočio u more. Viša je primorska padina koja se od mora pruža u visini od 700 m do najnižeg prijevoja, pa do 1.757 m najvišeg vrha. Sa sjeverne kopnene strane padina se od 150 m do 1.150 m uzdiže iznad ličke visoravni koja leži na 500 do 600 m nadmorske visine. Velebit je centar bioraznolikosti te najznačajnije endemsko čvorište flore i kopnene faune u Republici Hrvatskoj. Prema posljednjem izdanju Liste zaštićenih područja Ujedinjenih Naroda – UN – iz 2003. u svijetu je zaštićeno 102.102 područja s ukupno zaštitom od 11,5% kopnene i 0,5% morske površine Zemlje. U RH prema Upisniku zaštićenih područja Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i prirode sa stanjem od 9. rujna 2015.,ukupno je zaštićeno 408 područja koja obuhvaćaju 8,56% ukupne površine RH, odnosno 12,23% kopnenog teritorija i 1,94% teritorijalnog mora što je iznad svjetskog prosjeka. Najveći dio zaštićenih površina je u kategoriji parkova prirode na koje otpada 4,56% ukupne površine RH, a najveći doprinos tome daje upravo Velebit. Važeći Zakon o zaštiti prirode utvrđuje devet kategorija zaštićenih područja, a koje u najvećoj mjeri odgovaraju jednoj od međunarodno priznatih kategorija zaštićenih područja IUCN – Međunarodne unije za zaštitu prirode. Šire područje Paklenice s površinom od 9.500 ha je zbog svoje prirodne osnove, geomorfoloških oblika i očuvanih šuma proglašeno među prvima nacionalnim parkom (iste godine kad i Plitvička jezera). U sjevernom dijelu Velebita 1999. s površinom od 10.900 ha proglašen je nacionalni park Sjeverni Velebit, prepoznatljiv po bioraznolikosti i iskonskoj divljini. U viziji 18 Z. Šikić et al.: Velebit i zaštita prirode Senj. zb. 44, 17-34 (2017.) nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit upravo to je istaknuto kao oslonac održivog razvoja lokalne zajednice temeljen na tradiciji, ali i kao prostor stjecanja novih spoznaja. Osim dva nacionalna parka preostali dio Velebita u površini od 200.000 ha zaštićen je u kategoriji parka prirode. Sve navedeno upućuje na iznimno visok doprinos Velebita zaštiti prirode. Da li je i na koji način zaštita prirode doprinos opstanku i održivom razvoju velebitske regije i posebno lokalne zajednice tog područja još uvijek je aktualno pitanje te također, je li na ovome prostoru moguće povezati opće i globalne izazove današnjice s onim lokalnim.

Autor donosi sintezu višegodišnjih terenskih istraživanja Podgorja na temu predaja o tzv. "starom narodu", zakopanom blagu, fantastičnim bićima te događajima na granici stvarnosti i nemogućeg. Na temelju činjenice kako su mnogi zabilježeni sadržaji duboko usađeni u pripovjedačke tradicije lokalnog stanovništva i odnose se na točno određene lokacije, autor pokušava ocrtati konture predajnog krajolika prostora između Velebita i mora.

Problematizirajući pitanje revitalizacije velebitskoga područja, autorica predstavlja projekt Kapelica od Mirova – projekt smješten na prostoru srednjeg Velebita, u neposrednoj blizini lokaliteta Mirovo, koji nije sam sebi svrha već je produkt istraživanja i duboke povezanosti s Velebitom koji su na koncu rezultirali idejnim rješenjem koje uzima u obzir elemente prošlosti, tradicije, suvremenosti, a anticipira i budućnost – radi ponovnog zbližavanja čovjeka i planine, ali i čovjeka i čovjeka te čovjeka i njemu transcendentnog. Pritom ne koristi isključivo arhitektonski pristup već zagovara cjeloviti i interdisciplinarni pristup rješavanju problema revitalizacije koji stavlja naglasak na očuvanje tradicije i izvornosti Velebita i velebitskoga načina života.

U radu se donose rezultati istraživanja prapovijesne i antičke naseljenosti na prostoru sjevernog i srednjeg Velebita. Istraživanje naseljenosti samo je jedan segment multidisciplinarnog istraživanja kulturnog krajolika, koje se na studijskom prostoru provodi posljednjih deset godina. Metodologija istraživanja je kompleksna, a obuhvaća intenzivne terenske preglede, zračna snimanja, GIS analize i arheološka iskopavanja. Prapovijesni naseobinski obrazac karakteriziraju gradine, kojih je do sada na studijskom prostoru dokumentirano 36. Iako se u ranijoj literaturi većinom tretiraju kao mjesta za stanovanje, na 36 podvelebitskih gradina nisu dokumentirane naseobinske aktivnosti. Osnovne arhitektonske strukture karakteristične za podvelebitske gradine su bedemi i terase. Prostorno decentraliziran obrazac gradina u podvelebitskom primorju nakon uspostave rimske uprave centralizira se, a podno velebitskih prijevoja razvijaju se municipalna središta: Senia, Lopsica, Ortopla i Vegium. Pri tom Senija ostvaruje vodeću gospodarsku, trgovačku i prometnu ulogu regionalnog značenja, dok će ostala naselja zadržati samo lokalno značenje.

Prispevek obravnava metodo rekonstrukcije ozemelj prazgodovinskih skupnosti z uporabo geografskih informacijskih sistemov (GIS-ov). Osredotočili smo se na železnodobne skupnosti severnega in srednjega Velebita na Hrvaškem, vendar je materialnih ostankov, ki bi neposredno dokazovali njihov obseg, zelo malo. Ozemlja predantičnih skupnosti smo modelirali z uporabo GIS-a glede na reliefne značilnosti in časovno oddaljenost dveh ur hoje od osrednjih gradišč z uporabo Toblerjeve enačbe.

Dolines are considered to be among the most prominent karst formations, which is why they can serve as diagnostic forms of karst. Their spatial distribution and density are important indicators of an area’s degree of karstification, as well as of an overall geomorphological development. The aim of this paper is to determine the spatial distribution and the density of dolines, and also to analyse the influence of geological structure and morphometric features of the terrain (hypsometry, slope inclination, relative relief) on the spatial distribution of dolines in the area of southeastern Velebit. Moreover, for the first time with regards to the Croatian karst, the spatial distribution of dolines was compared with the spatial distribution of entrances into caves in the southeastern Velebit’s area of Crnopac. The data on the dolines’ position were adopted from 1:25,000 scaled topographic maps. All data were digitalised and analysed with ArcGIS 10.1 software in the GIS laboratory of the Geographic Department of the Faculty of Science in Zagreb. The research showed a strong influence of morphometric parameters of the relief on dolines’ density. The most prominent occurrence of dolines is linked with the areas ranging from 1000 to 1200 meters of altitude, slope inclination lower than 2° and the relative relief of 100 – 200 m per km2. Furthermore, the highest density of dolines was recorded in the Jurassic carbonate layers, while it was determined that the zones of main faults do not have a significant influence on the increase of dolines’ density. A high degree of correlation was determined by comparing spatial distributions and density of dolines and entrances into caves.

Krasno polje se nahaja v severnem Velebitu v Dinarskem gorstvu na Hrvaškem. Kraško polje je popolnoma zapolnjeno s prodom in v hidrološkem pogledu neaktivno. Ugotovili smo, da so bila pobočja nad poljem v hladnejših obdobjih pleistocena izrazito preoblikovana z ledeniškim delovanjem. Tako so predledeniški vršaji zapolnili kraško kotanjo pod njimi in oblikovali piedmontski tip kraškega polja. Domnevamo, da je bilo kraško polje zapolnjeno s predledeniškim materialom vsaj v dveh različnih poledenitvenih fazah.

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Prof. Glavičić je sveobuhvatnim promišljanjem prostora svog prvenstvenog interesa Senja i njegove okolice te Velebita – prisutnost čovjeka držao njegovim neodvojivim dijelom. Obilazeći te krajeve i ljude tijekom cijeloga radnog vijeka, želio je sačuvati sjećanje na način života i potaknuti zanimanje struke za još živa naselja, postojeće zgrade način gradnje. Gotovo 30-godišnja suradnja na području Senja i Velebita i otoka Cresa, rezultirala sustavnim istraživanje pučke gradnje za stanovanje i boravak ljudi na području Podbila dijelova Sjevernog i Srednjeg Velebita (u razdoblju od 2000.do 2002. godine).Obiđena su brojna naselja, lokve i bunari. Svakom su prilikom bilježena sjećanja rijetkog preostalog stanovništva o nekadašnjem načinu života i građenja te arhitektonski snimane zgrade zatečene u najizvornijem stanju. Temeljem tih zajedničkih, te brojnih kasnijih obilazaka terena, nastala je knjiga autorice ovoga priloga Velebit arhitektonski, Pučka gradnja u dijelovima Sjevernog i Srednjeg Velebita, posvećena upravo profesoru Anti Glavičiću.

Autori daju kratak osvrt na tijek istraživanja geomorfoloških tragova pleistocenske oledbe na sjevernom i srednjem Velebitu. Rezultati istraživanja publicirani su u Geografskom glasniku i Senjskom zborniku.

The largest and the most coherent complexes of natural spruce stands in Croatia are currently distributed in the altimontane and subalpine vegetation belt of Velebit over an area of 3165 ha and altitudes ranging from 1100 to almost 1600 m.Past phytocoenological research into spruce forests in northern Velebit distinguishes three different associations: frost valleys of Štirovača and Apatišanska Duliba support the altimontane spruce forest with bastard agrimony (Aremonio-Piceetum Horvat 1938), shallower sink holes and slopes descending from the surrounding tops contain the altimontane-subalpine spruce forest with Laserpitium krapfii (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum Vukelić et al. 2010), while rocky tops, hips, karrens and ridges feature the subalpine spruce forest with small-reed (Calamagrostio variae-Piceetum Bertović 1975). These associations are distributed as azonal, microclimatically and edaphically conditioned associations, of which spruce forest with bastard agrimony occurs in the belt of Dinaric beech-fir forest (Omphalodo-Fagetum) while the two others grow in a higher belt of subalpine beech forest with buttercup (Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum). Their mutual differences result from ecological factors which are decisive for their occurrence and distribution. Of these, the edaphic relationships which we explored in this work draw particular interest.Composite samples were taken from the top layer up to 5 cm deep (13 composite samples composed of 9 individual samples each), pedological profiles were opened (11 profiles), and soil samples were taken by pedogenetic horizons within pedological research in three spruce communities: altimontane spruce forest with bastard agrimony (Aremonio-Piceetum), altimontane-subalpine spruce forest with Laserpitium krapfii (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum), and subalpine spruce forest with small-reed (Calamagrostio-Piceetum) in the area of northern Velebit and Štirovača. Composite samples, taken from the top soil layer up to 5 cm deep, consisted of 9 samples, each taken at a distance of 1 m in a cross pattern.Soil samples were analyzed by means of the following laboratory methods: determination of pH values (HRN ISO 10390:2005), determination of CaCO3 content (HRN ISO 10693:2004), determination of organic and total carbon and nitrogen with dry combustion (HRN ISO 10694:2004, HRN ISO 13878:2004), determination of concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd (HRN ISO 11466:2004), and determination of the granulometric soil composition (HRN ISO 11277:2004). Descriptive statistics were made for all the samples by the investigated phytocoenosis. Variance analysis was used to test the differences between the composite soil samples for the layer of up to 5 cm in depth. Statistica 7.0 software was used for this purpose.The analyses of composite soil samples taken from a depth of 5 cm in three different spruce communities (Aremonio-Piceetum, Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum and Calamagrostio-Piceetum) showed than the lowest pH value was recorded in the community Aremonio-Piceetum, followed by the community Calamagrostio-Piceetum, while the highest value was recorded in the community Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum. The average pH (H2O) value in the community Aremonio-Piceetum reaches 4.35, in Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum it is 5.56 and in Calamagrostio-Piceetum it is 5.23. In terms of pH values for soil depths of up to 5 cm, the communities Aremonio-Piceetum and Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum (pH H2O, p=0.01447; pH CaCl2, p=0.01668) show a statistically significant difference.In all the communities the surface soil layer is richly humous and well supplied with nitrogen. It is the richest in the community Calamagrostio-Piceetum, where the average value of C org amounts to 131.6 g kg–1 and N tot. to 9.3 g kg–1 (Table 3). The C : N ratio in all the three communities is favourable and ranges between 11 and 15.The average depth of the humus-accumulative horizon amounting to 6.5 cm is the lowest in the community Aremonio-Piceetum. It is higher in the community Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum where it reaches 7.5 cm and the highest in the community Calamagrostio-Piceetum, where it is 21 cm. The content of pH values, C org., N tot. in the hummus-accumulative horizon shows similar values and an identical trend to composite soil samples at a depth of up to 5 cm. In terms of the argyle-accumulative and cambic horizon, the lowest pH value is observed in the community Aremonio-Piceetum, where the average pH (H2O) value is 5.30. In the community Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum, the average pH (H2O) value is 6.92. The highest pH value is observed in the community Calamagrostio-Piceetum, where the average pH (H2O) value reaches 7.21, but it is only one profile opened in the shallow and distinctly skeletal calcocambisol. All the soils have a texture ranging from silty to clayey loam.Soil reaction was the only parameter to show statistically significant differences for the top soil layer. These differences relate to the communities Aremonio-Piceetum and Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum. The lowest pH value in the community Aremonio-Piceetum is conditioned by acid parent material, flat relief which additionally favours the podzolization process in the perhumid climate, while specific microclimatic conditions, frost sites and high air humidity cause more intensive accumulations of raw humus. In relation to the pH reaction, the lowest acidity is displayed by the association Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum, as confirmed by phytocoenological research (Vukelić et al. 2010), according to which this community, compared to others, has the biggest number of species of the order Fagetalia. These species are dominant in adjacent, mainly neutrophilic beech and beech-fir forests.All the three studied communities, Aremonio-Piceetum, Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum and CalamagrostioPiceetum, manifested high Pb contamination in the surface soil layer of up 5 cm. The average Pb content (median) in the community Aremonio-Piceetum amounts to 54.5 mg kg–1, in the community Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum to 65.0 mg kg–1, and in the community Calamagrostio-Piceetum to 54.7 mg kg–1. The top soil layer of 5 cm in the communities Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum and Calamagrostio-Piceetum also manifested high Zn and Cd contamination. The average content (median) in the community Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum for Zn is 101.0 mg kg–1 and for Cd it is 1.0 mg kg–1, whereas in the community Calamagrostio-Piceetum it is 75.0 mg kg–1 for Zn and 1.9 mg kg–1 for Cd.

U članku se razmatraju dvije novije tendencije književnojezičnoga naglasnog razvoja u kojima sudjeluju govornici svih hrvatskih idioma: a) dokidanje neistoslogovnih preinaka u naglasnim jedinicama, primjerice, Bjelòvār – Bjelovára, pri čemu je ishod nova, jednostavnija naglasna jedinica: Bjȅlovār – Bjȅlovāra; b) prijenos srednjoslogovnoga kratkouzlaznoga naglaska na prethodni slog: svojèglav > svȍjeglav, bjelòbrad > bjȅlobrad. U konačnici su ishodi općehrvatske naglasne evolucije.

Dolines are considered to be among the most prominent karst formations, which is why they can serve as diagnostic forms of karst. Their spatial distribution and density are important indicators of an area's degree of karstification, as well as of an overall geomorphological development. The aim of this paper is to determine the spatial distribution and the density of dolines, and also to analyse the influence of geological structure and morphometric features of the terrain (hypsometry, slope inclination, relative relief) on the spatial distribution of dolines in the area of southeastern Velebit. Moreover, for the first time with regards to the Croatian karst, the spatial distribution of dolines was compared with the spatial distribution of entrances into caves in the southeastern Velebit's area of Crnopac. The data on the dolines' position were adopted from 1:25,000 scaled topographic maps. All data were digitalised and analysed with ArcGIS 10.1 software in the GIS laboratory of the Geographic Department of the Faculty of Science in Zagreb. The research showed a strong influence of morphometric parameters of the relief on dolines' density. The most prominent occurrence of dolines is linked with the areas ranging from 1000 to 1200 meters of altitude, slope inclination lower than 2° and the relative relief of 100 - 200 m per km². Furthermore, the highest density of dolines was recorded in the Jurassic carbonate layers, while it was determined that the zones of main faults do not have a significant influence on the increase of dolines' density. A high degree of correlation was determined by comparing spatial distributions and density of dolines and entrances into caves [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Krasno polje is one of the less typical karst poljes within the Dinaric Mountains. It is situated within Velebit Mountain. Our research utilized morphographic, morphostructur- al and morphometric analysis of the polje to present its morphogenetic characteristics. It is completely filled with gravel and lacking any surface flows. Slopes above the polje were severely altered by glacial action during the colder periods of the Pleistocene. As a result, proglacial fans filled the karst depression, creating a piedmont type polje. Glacial evidence suggests that there were at least two separate phases of intense proglacial deposition within the polje. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of medical herbs for the treatment of many human diseases is increasing nowadays due to their mild features and low side effects. Not only for their healing properties, but also for their nutritive value supplementation of diet with various herbs is recommended. Thus also their analysis is of rising importance. While total elemental compositions are published for many common herbs, the origin of toxic as well as beneficial elements is not yet well investigated. Thus different indigenous medicinal plants, namely Croatian spruce ( Picea abies ), savory ( Satureja montana L.), mountain yarrow ( Achillea clavennae ), showy calamint ( Calamintha grandiflora ), micromeria ( Micromeria croatica ), yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ) and fir ( Abies alba ) together with soil samples were collected in the National Park Northern Velebit. The macro- and trace elements content, after microwave digestion, was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The study focuses on the one hand on essential elements and on the other hand on non-essential elements which are considered as toxic for humans, covering in total Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial excavations at Sveta Trojica hillfort near Starigrad Paklenica were conducted in early October 2014. Two trenches were opened (8 and 9) on the central plateau of the hillfort, near the southeast entrance and close to the northern rampart. Both trenches provided a large quantity of pottery and a smaller portion of metal finds, most notably, aes formatum, fragments of type Certosa fibulae and a bronze ring. Pottery finds include amphoras and various roughly manufactured pots, as well as a mobile furnace, whorl, pyramidal weights and spools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natura Croatica is the property of Natura Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trial excavations in the area of the Holy Trinity hillfort near Starigrad Paklenica were carried out at the end of September and in early October 2013. The excavation resumed in probe 4, started in the previous season, located on a steep slope at the periphery of the settlement. The ca. 1.50 m deep deposit exhibits no visible changes or structures, making it probable that this is an accumulation brought about by erosion. The steepness of the terrain and the marked fragmentation and frequent damage on the material speak in favour of this assumption. The collected assemblage consists of abundant animal bones and shells; pottery (fragments of Gnathia ware, various pots of coarse fabric), amphorae mostly of Lamboglia 2 type, and few metal objects, among which a coin of Hiero II, a ruler of Syracuse, can be singled out. Although probe 5, excavated south of the church, yielded only a little material, it is located at a position of interest for further excavation. Probes 6 and 7, excavated near the hillfort, were sterile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natura Croatica is the property of Natura Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija is the property of Society for Croatian Economic & Environmental History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In October 2012, trial excavations were carried out at the foot of the Sv. Trojica hillfort, in the vicinity of Starigrad Paklenica. Four sondages revealed mostly ceramic material while on the southern slopes of the hillfort a rich habitation layer was investigated containing large amounts of ceramics, animal bones and shells. Finds include Lamboglia 2 type amphorae, Gnathia fragments and other Hellenistic ceramics and fragments of several pots of a coarser texture. Notable among the metal objects are an iron curved knife, a Numidian coin and iron rivets from Roman military footwear from the Late Republican and Early Imperial period, confirming that the position was used by the local Liburnian community but also possibly by the Roman army in the period from the 2nd until the end of the 1st century BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natura Croatica is the property of Natura Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Povijesni Prilozi is the property of Croatian Institute of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first approach to the relationships between societies and physical environments on Velebit Mountain shows narrow correlations between spatial distribution of dolines, soil formation, hydric resources, vegetation and land occupation. In 2002, sediment cores have been obtained from different dolines of Velebit Mountain to evaluate the potential of their sedimentary archives in order to reconstruct the landscape history. On the littoral slopes and on the top parts of the mountain, the dolines were difficult to dig due to the presence of rocks in depth. Nevertheless, the cores have been sampled and soil analyses have been made (physical and chemical analyses: colour, grain size, pH, CaCO3, C, N, P, K, Mg, CEC). No dating materials were found. The first results attest to rather homogeneous pedologic processes in each area studied (Kamenica, Stinica, Baške Oštarije and Bilensko Mirevo), but they also indicate colluvial contributions. These contributions differ from one doline to another according to their location and morphology. Dolines reveal themselves to be not very good traps, as the representative nature of their sedimentary archives could be very local. However, the best profile has been obtained at Bilensko Mirevo, which shows a change in the soil nutrient content from an impoverishment in its middle part toward an increase of the soil nutrients in recent parts. Those environmental changes could not be precisely dated, but could be correlated with the 17th to 20th century phase of strong human impact on the Velebit environment and with the rural depopulation observed since the second half of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]