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Bovine cutaneous angiomatosis (BCA) is a rare condition characterized by vasoproliferative skin lesions mainly affecting cattle in the northern hemisphere. An eight-month-old Holstein heifer showed two skin easy-bleeding nodules bulging from the epidermis in the forehead and close to the right prescapular region. Skin lesions were within the dermis and had an irregular surface and a soft heterogeneous reddish parenchyma composed of numerous variable-sized arterioles, veins, and capillaries surrounded by abundant collagenous fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemical assays evidenced endothelial cells lining proliferative vascular structure immunolabeled for CD31 and Von Willebrand factor, and vascular smooth muscle cells immunostained for smooth muscle actin. All clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features observed in the Holstein heifer were hallmarks of BCA. Considering its potential for hereditary spread, BCA must be included in the differential diagnosis of easily bleeding skin nodules that do not respond to routine topical wound treatments to prevent its spread in Brazilian herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Trauma é uma causa importante de morbimortalidade, que acomete principalmente jovens. A hemorragia incoercível é o principal mecanismo de óbito precoce nessas vítimas, e as lesões vasculares não compressíveis representam grandes desafios para os cirurgiões. O traumatismo vascular impacta diretamente a viabilidade de membros traumatizados, aumentando o risco de amputação. Nas últimas décadas, muitas condutas de diagnóstico e tratamento de lesões vasculares traumáticas foram modificadas. A angiotomografia suplantou a angiografia como padrão ouro para diagnóstico, as técnicas endovasculares foram incorporadas ao arsenal terapêutico e o conceito de “controle de danos” foi estabelecido. No entanto, há lacunas na literatura nacional sobre a normatização de condutas em trauma vascular, principalmente considerando as limitações do Brasil. Por isso, a Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular e a Sociedade Brasileira de Atendimento Integrado ao Traumatizado revisaram a literatura disponível sobre trauma vascular e organizaram diretrizes sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento dessas lesões.

BACKGROUND: Multinucleated cell angiohistiocytoma is a fibrohistiocytic tumor that frequently affects women over 40 years of age. Clinically, it presents as flat, nodular or papular neoformations that affect the upper and lower limbs and the face. The clinical findings are nonspecific, so performing a skin biopsy is of the utmost importance to establish the diagnosis based on histopathological data. Patients generally have an excellent evolution. CLINICAL CASE: A 35-year-old female patient presented with bilateral and asymmetric irregular, purplish-colored macules that affected the right cheek, right shoulder and arms. In the dermatoscopic image, diffuse and slightly erythematous areas with whitish patches were observed in the periphery. In the excisional biopsy multiple newly formed blood vessels and capillaries were observed, as well as abundant, large, fusiform, multinucleated cells located in the papillary and reticular dermis. In immunostaining, CD34, factor XIIIa, vimentin and CD117 were positive. CONCLUSIONS: Multinucleated cell angiohistiocytoma is a rare entity with benign behavior. Histological data, immunostaining and the usual clinical evolution of these lesions indicate that it is a reactive process and an expectant management can be safely chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La poliarteritis nodosa es una vasculitis necrotizante de rara presentación que afecta vasos de mediano y pequeño calibre, que puede afectar desde un órgano hasta sistemas del cuerpo humano, por lo tanto, su presentación clínica es variable y su etiología es predominantemente idiopática. Respecto a su diagnóstico, se deben descartar otras patologías y correlacionar la clínica, las imágenes diagnósticas y paraclínicos disponibles, con el fin de brindar una terapia adecuada y oportuna, teniendo en cuenta que la terapia farmacológica ayuda a disminuir el daño y la progresión más no es una cura. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 46 años con poliarteritis nodosa cutánea rápidamente progresiva que llevó a necrosis de los dedos de las 4 extremidades, se logró estabilizar y detener su progresión mediante el reconocimiento y manejo farmacológico con glucocorticoides y citotóxicos, sin embargo, requirió amputación.

This article in the series “Safety in Dermatologic Procedures” deals with the accidental laceration of major blood vessels and nerve structures during surgery. We first look at the anatomic location and course of the blood vessels and nerve structures that are most at risk of injury and then describe the possible outcomes in each case. We finally offer some recommendations on how to avoid damage to structures in danger zones and how to repair them if they are accidentally compromised. Resumen: En el presente artículo de la serie «Seguridad en procedimientos dermatológicos» se aborda la sección quirúrgica accidental de grandes vasos sanguíneos y estructuras nerviosas. Se aborda, en primer lugar, la localización anatómica y recorrido de las distintas estructuras vasculares y nerviosas de más riesgo. A continuación, se explican las consecuencias de dicha lesión. Por último, se emiten algunas recomendaciones para evitar el daño accidental de las estructuras en dichas áreas de riesgo y se plantean algunas maniobras terapéuticas de reparación ante un eventual daño.

Resumo Fundamento As doenças associadas ao aparelho circulatório são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, implicando a necessidade de implantes vasculares. Assim, a produção de biomateriais vasculares tem se mostrado uma alternativa promissora às terapias utilizadas em estudos e pesquisas relacionados à fisiologia vascular. Objetivos O presente projeto visa ao desenvolvimento artificial de vasos sanguíneos pela recelularização de scaffolds vasculares derivados de vasos placentários bovinos. Métodos A superfície corioalantoide da placenta bovina foi utilizada para produzir biomateriais descelularizados. Para a recelularização, 2,5 x 104 células endoteliais foram semeadas acima de cada fragmento de vaso descelularizado durante três ou sete dias, quando a cultura foi interrompida e os fragmentos foram fixados para análise de adesão celular. Biomateriais descelularizados e recelularizados foram avaliados por histologia básica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e imuno-histoquímica. Resultados o processo de descelularização produziu vasos que mantiveram a estrutura natural e o conteúdo de elastina, e não foram observadas células e gDNA remanescentes. Além disso, células precursoras endoteliais se ligaram ao lúmen e à superfície externa do vaso descelularizado. Conclusão nossos resultados mostram a possibilidade de usos futuros desse biomaterial na medicina cardiovascular, como, por exemplo, no desenvolvimento de vasos artificiais.

Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is a complication caused by diabetes. This can cause blindness, becoming a worldwide threat due to the affectation of people at an early age and linked to the labor field. The role of medicine in the diagnosis of this disease is associated to the analysis of pathologies (micro aneurysms, hemorrhages and exudates) presented in fundus images. This task is tedious, time-consuming for medical personnel and it makes delays in diagnosis because of the high demand of RD patients. From the engineering of CAD system designs (Computer-Aided Design) an automated method is proposed for the identification of reference characteristics such as the optical disc, the fovea and the blood vessels. This article presents a methodology for the detection and segmentation of the optical disc and blood vessels. first, a preprocessing stage based on the algorithms of contrast-adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and dynamic diffuse histogram equalization that preserve brightness (BPDFHE) is proposed aiming of improving the fundus image and highlighting the blood vessels for later removal. Next, it is proposed the methodology of segmentation of blood vessels through neural networks that a posteriori, it is going to contribute information for the correct segmentation of the optical disc, which is located through iterative opening and closing morphological operations, demonstrating that it is invariability against pathological lesions of the exudates that coincide in color information with the ocular structure of interest. Once the optic disc is located, the blood vessels inside are removed by inpainting algorithm (Functional Mumford-Shah), which replaces the presence of the blood vessels with statistical information of color discrimination of the optical disc. Finally, the Graph Cut algorithm is implemented for the segmentation of the optical disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma is a leading cause of death, permanent disability, and health care cost worldwide. The young and economically active are the most affected population. Exsanguination due to noncompressible torso hemorrhage is one of the most frequent causes of early death, posing a significant challenge to trauma and vascular surgeons. The possibility of limb loss due to vascular injuries must also be considered. In recent decades, the approach to vascular injuries has been significantly modified. Angiotomography has become the standard method for diagnosis, endovascular techniques are currently incorporated in treatment, and damage control, such as temporary shunts, is now the preferred approach for the patients sustaining physiological derangement. Despite the importance of this topic, few papers in the Brazilian literature have offered guidelines on vascular trauma. The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery has developed Projetos Diretrizes (Guideline Projects), which includes this publication on vascular trauma. Since treating trauma patients is a multidisciplinary effort, the Brazilian Trauma Society (SBAIT) was invited to participate in this project. Members of both societies reviewed the literature on vascular trauma management and together wrote these guidelines on vascular injuries of neck, thorax, abdomen, and extremities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to demonstrate the existence of morphological variations in the connective tissue of the submandibular gland of obese rats exposed to MSG. Twelve male newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used (6 rats for group 1, control; 6 rats for group 2 (MSG), 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate of weight (5 doses) maintained for 16 weeks respectively with a diet and water ad libitum. In the study, a stereological and histological analysis was carried out, demonstrating a variation in the connective tissue, presenting a decrease in the glandular volume, greater fibrosis, and a decrease in adipocytes at the peripheral level, being replaced by tissue rich in collagen. Blood cells observed at the stereological level do not present major changes in terms of volume, surface and area, but in the histological study greater vascularization is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is a complication caused by diabetes. This can cause blindness, becoming a worldwide threat due to the affectation of people at an early age and linked to the labor field. The role of medicine in the diagnosis of this disease is associated to the analysis of pathologies (micro aneurysms, hemorrhages and exudates) presented in fundus images. This task is tedious, time-consuming for medical personnel and it makes delays in diagnosis because of the high demand of RD patients. From the engineering of CAD system designs (Computer-Aided Design) an automated method is proposed for the identification of reference characteristics such as the optical disc, the fovea and the blood vessels. This article presents a methodology for the detection and segmentation of the optical disc and blood vessels. first, a preprocessing stage based on the algorithms of contrast-adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and dynamic diffuse histogram equalization that preserve brightness (BPDFHE) is proposed aiming of improving the fundus image and highlighting the blood vessels for later removal. Next, it is proposed the methodology of segmentation of blood vessels through neural networks that a posteriori, it is going to contribute information for the correct segmentation of the optical disc, which is located through iterative opening and closing morphological operations, demonstrating that it is invariability against pathological lesions of the exudates that coincide in color information with the ocular structure of interest.Once the optic disc is located, the blood vessels inside are removed by inpainting algorithm (Functional Mumford-Shah), which replaces the presence of the blood vessels with statistical information of color discrimination of the optical disc. Finally, the Graph Cut algorithm is implemented for the segmentation of the optical disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Las anomalías vasculares (AV) están constituidas por un amplio espectro de alteraciones en los vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos, incluidos los tumores y las malformaciones vasculares, los pacientes pediátricos con anomalías vasculares usualmente se beneficiarán de las contribuciones realizadas por un equipo multidisciplinario. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia inicial de un grupo multidisciplinario para el manejo de las anomalías vasculares complejas en pacientes pediátricos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, ambispectivo de pacientes pediátricos (< 18 años), presentados y analizados en un grupo de anomalías vasculares en Ecuador, desde noviembre de 2019 hasta mayo de 2022. Se recopilaron los diagnósticos según la clasificación de la Sociedad Internacional para el Estudio de las Anomalías Vasculares, localización de la lesión, tratamiento ofrecido, complicaciones y evolución; se excluyeron los pacientes con hemangioma infantil no complicado y hemangioma congénito. Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 pacientes con anomalías vasculares de los cuales, 53% fueron femenino y 47% masculino. La edad promedio al momento de la presentación fue de 5,93 años, un 78% tenían malformaciones vasculares y 22% tenían tumores vasculares. Las malformaciones vasculares de tipo venosa fueron las más frecuentes con un 22%. La localización más frecuente fue cabeza/cara afectada por malformaciones vasculares de tipo venosa con un 29% seguidas de las linfáticas con 16%. El 89% de los pacientes presentaron por lo menos un síntoma y el tratamiento más usado fue la escleroterapia en un 36,36%. Introducción: Las anomalías vasculares (AV) están constituidas por un amplio espectro de alteraciones en los vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos, incluidos los tumores y las malformaciones vasculares. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la experiencia inicial de un grupo multidisciplinario para el manejo de las anomalías vasculares complejas en pacientes pediátricos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Metodología: El presente estudio observacional de pacientes pediátricos, presentados y analizados en un grupo de anomalías vasculares en Ecuador, desde noviembre de 2019 hasta mayo de 2022. Se recopilaron los diagnósticos según la clasificación de la Sociedad Internacional para el Estudio de las Anomalías Vasculares, localización de la lesión, tratamiento ofrecido, complicaciones y evolución; se excluyeron los pacientes con hemangioma infantil no complicado y hemangioma congénito. Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 pacientes con anomalías vasculares de los cuales, 53% fueron femenino y 47% masculino. La edad promedio al momento de la presentación fue de 5.9 años, un 78% tenían malformaciones vasculares y 22% tenían tumores vasculares. Las malformaciones vasculares de tipo venosa fueron las más frecuentes con un 22%. La malformación más frecuente fue venosa en cabeza/cara (29%) y linfáticas (16%). El 89% de los pacientes presentaron por lo menos un síntoma y el tratamiento más usado fue la escleroterapia en un 36.36%. Conclusión: Es el primer reporte realizado en Ecuador de un equipo multidisciplinario que atiende AV complejas en niños según la bibliografía revisada, afirmando que las AV son un gran reto debido al amplio espectro de patologías que las conforman. El equipo multidisciplinario garantiza el manejo completo en los casos de AV complejo logrando un adecuado diagnóstico, para así ofrecer las mejores opciones terapéuticas para el paciente pediátrico.

Introdução: A punção venosa central é um procedimento médico tradicionalmente realizado seguindo os marcadores anatômicos como referência para atingir o vaso, às cegas. No entanto, nem sempre o sucesso nessa técnica é alcançado, fato que se deve principalmente às variações anatômicas. A ultrassonografia point of care (US-POC) é utilizada para auxiliar a cateterização central por visualização direta do vaso, aumentando a segurança do procedimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das variações anatômicas de vasos femorais através da utilização da US-POC por estudantes de medicina submetidos a curto período de treinamento. Materiais e Métodos: Cinco estudantes de medicina, sem experiência prévia em US-POC, foram submetidos a oito horas de treinamento teórico-prático. Foram avaliados os vasos femorais de cem voluntários. Resultados: A veia femoral direita foi encontrada mais frequentemente na posição medial (43%) em relação à artéria femoral direita. À esquerda, a posição posteromedial foi a mais observada (45%). Conclusão: A técnica tradicional de punção de acesso central se baseia em marcadores anatômicos e não leva em consideração as variações anatômicas existentes. Um treinamento de curto período para uso da US-POC é capaz de capacitar o profissional para reconhecer o posicionamento real dos vasos e evitar punções inadvertidas.

Presentado en sesión 8 de agosto de 1945

The aim of the article was to study changes in periodontal tissues in rats with spontaneous periodontitis (SP) and to evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the state of the periodontium. Wistar rats with signs of SP were divided into 6 groups: 1) intact group; 2) intact animals with HA "HD-1,0 MDa"; 3) SP group; 4) SP with HA "S-2,4 MDa"; 5) SP with HA "ST-2,4 MDa"; 6) SP with HA "HD-1,0 MDa". The study of the periodontium rats with SP noted the main structural changes (collagen reduction, resorption of alveolar bone, dilatation and stasis of the vessels of the periodontium, gingival papilla and tooth pulp), which were assessed as moderate. Morphological evidence of inflammation was infiltration of neutrophils into the connective tissue of the gums, without the formation of abscesses. Local administration of HA did not cause additional structural damage in periodontal tissues of rats with SP, but also did not affect changes in the microvascular system of periodontium and tooth pulp, periodontal ligaments, only a tendency to inhibit alveolar bone resorption in rats was noted. One can consider the tendency to improve the condition of periodontal tissues in the group of rats injected with high molecular HA and HA with mannitol (2.4 MDa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Contexto Modelos com animais de médio e grande porte permitem que pesquisadores avaliem a eficácia e a segurança de procedimentos cardiovasculares em sistemas que se assemelham à anatomia humana e podem ser usados para simular cenários para fins de treinamento. Embora modelos suínos tenham sido extensivamente utilizados, muitos fatores fisiológicos e anatômicos permanecem desconhecidos ou apenas superficialmente descritos. Objetivos Descrever a anatomia vascular do suíno por tomografia computadorizada, compará-la à anatomia humana e discutir a aplicação dos modelos porcinos em procedimentos abertos e endovasculares. Métodos Três porcos machos da raça Landrace foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada. A anatomia vascular de pescoço, tórax, abdome e membros foi analisada e descrita; foram destacadas similaridades e divergências relevantes entre a anatomia vascular de suínos e de humanos e as implicações em procedimentos vasculares nos suínos. Resultados O território carotídeo, o arco aórtico e os ramos terminais da aorta em suínos apresentaram diferenças marcantes quando comparados aos de humanos. Foram detectadas compressões de veias renal e ilíaca comum, ambas à esquerda, semelhantes às encontradas nas síndromes humanas de Nutcracker e May-Thurner. Medidas vasculares (diâmetro, comprimento e ângulos) de diferentes topografias de suínos foram fornecidas. Conclusões Os dados fornecidos podem ser úteis para o planejamento de ensaios pré-clínicos e pesquisa básica, bem como para o refinamento do treinamento cirúrgico usando modelos suínos no campo da cirurgia vascular.

Background: Medium and large animal models allow researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular procedures in systems that resemble human anatomy and can be used to simulate scenarios for training purposes. Although porcine models have been used extensively, many physiological and anatomical features remain unknown or only superficially described. Objectives: To describe the normal porcine vascular anatomy on computed tomography scans, compare it to human vascular anatomy, and discuss the application of porcine models for open and endovascular procedures. Methods: Three male Landrace pigs underwent computed tomography. The vascular anatomy of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and limbs was analyzed and described; relevant similarities and differences between porcine and human vascular anatomies and the implications for vascular procedures in pigs are highlighted. Results: The carotid territory, aortic arch, and terminal aorta branches all show marked differences in pigs compared to their human counterparts. Compressions of both left renal and common iliac veins were detected, analogous to those seen in human Nutcracker and May-Thurner syndromes. Vascular measurements (diameters, lengths, and angles) of several different porcine territories are presented. Conclusions: The data presented should be useful for planning preclinical trials and basic research and for refining surgical training using porcine models in vascular fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is a complication caused by diabetes. This can cause blindness, becoming a worldwide threat due to the affectation of people at an early age and linked to the labor field. The role of medicine in the diagnosis of this disease is associated to the analysis of pathologies (micro aneurysms, hemorrhages and exudates) presented in fundus images. This task is tedious, time-consuming for medical personnel and it makes delays in diagnosis because of the high demand of RD patients. From the engineering of CAD system designs (Computer-Aided Design) an automated method is proposed for the identification of reference characteristics such as the optical disc, the fovea and the blood vessels. This article presents a methodology for the detection and segmentation of the optical disc and blood vessels. first, a preprocessing stage based on the algorithms of contrast-adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and dynamic diffuse histogram equalization that preserve brightness (BPDFHE) is proposed aiming of improving the fundus image and highlighting the blood vessels for later removal. Next, it is proposed the methodology of segmentation of blood vessels through neural networks that a posteriori, it is going to contribute information for the correct segmentation of the optical disc, which is located through iterative opening and closing morphological operations, demonstrating that it is invariability against pathological lesions of the exudates that coincide in color information with the ocular structure of interest. Once the optic disc is located, the blood vessels inside are removed by inpainting algorithm (Functional Mumford-Shah), which replaces the presence of the blood vessels with statistical information of color discrimination of the optical disc. Finally, the Graph Cut algorithm is implemented for the segmentation of the optical disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Contexto O acesso vascular é o procedimento mais comum realizado entre pacientes hospitalizados. Assim, na tentativa de minimizar complicações e aliar conhecimento técnico ao conhecimento teórico, os modelos de simulação são capazes de oferecer um ambiente seguro para profissionais em formação e evitar os dilemas éticos de treinamento direto em pacientes. Com esse objetivo, surgiram diversos manequins de treinamento, mas devido ao seu alto custo eles não são acessíveis a todos, e com frequência os profissionais em formação da área da saúde realizam procedimentos sem que tenham um treinamento prévio. Objetivo Desenvolver um modelo de ensino e treinamento de acesso vascular periférico, utilizando um modelo de baixo custo para fins educacionais. Método Para reproduzir a via periférica de acesso, utilizou-se um macarrão de polietileno com equipos de infusão, com uma extremidade em fundo cego e a outra conectada a duas bolsas de 500 mL de soro fisiológico acrescido de corante. A bolsa foi instalada em um suporte metálico. Resultado O formato sugerido para o modelo apresentou semelhança com a anatomia do antebraço simplificada. O modelo se mostrou prático na punção e, devido à sua extensão, tem-se a possibilidade de puncionar diversas vezes o mesmo modelo, facilitando o treinamento. Conclusão O modelo proposto permite o treinamento de acesso vascular periférico, sendo uma alternativa de baixo custo que pode ser utilizada para fins educacionais.

The thyroid glands consist of two parts called lobes located on both sides of the larynx. The aim of this study was to characterize the measures, topography and arterial irrigation of New Zealand's rabbits thyroid glands. The anatomical dissections were performed in 36 adult cadavers, 17 males and 19 females, with a mean body mass of 2.5 kg and a mean cranium-sacral length of 40 cm. The specimens were obtained from the necropsy unit of the University. The cadavers had the thoracic aorta artery cannulated, through which 10% formaldehyde solution was injected, followed by injection colored latex. In males, the left lobe of the thyroid gland measured 1.40x0.40x0.01cm and the right 1.36x0.56x0.01cm; in females, the left lobe measured 1.50x0.49x0.01cm and the right one was 1.37x0.48x0.01cm. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the means of the measurements between males and females, but the left lobe length of the females and the right lobe width of the males were significantly higher (p <0.05). The cranial extremity of the thyroid lobes was at the level of the cricoid cartilage in almost all specimens. The caudal end showed more variable topography, from the third to the tenth tracheal ring in few specimens, but predominated at the level of the fifth ring. Invariably, arterial irrigation was determined by the left and right thyroid arteries, originating from the common carotid artery. Anastomoses between the thyroid arteries were common. The constancy in dimensions and irrigation of the thyroid gland may be advantageous in choosing the rabbit as an experimental model for the study of this gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the anatomy of the arteries of the brain, including the arterial circle of the brain, its branches and junctions, in five camel (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758) following intravascular injection of colored latex via common carotid artery. The course and distribution of the arterial supply to the brain was described and morphological analysis was made. The basilar artery contributed to the blood supply of the brain in the camel in contrast to the situation in other Artiodactyla order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The arrangement considered normal in humans and more frequent of arteries originating from the aortic arch is the left subclavian, left common carotid and brachiocephalic trunk. However, anatomical variations in the origin and trajectory of the aortic arch's blood vessels are frequently observed and documented in the literature. Thus, the aim of the study was to report two cases of anatomical variation observed in branches of the aortic arch in corpses. During the anatomical pieces' preparation for the practical classes in the laboratory of human anatomy of the University Center of Rio Preto (UNIRP), two cases of anatomical variation of the aortic arch's branches were found. We observed the presence of the left vertebral artery originating from the aortic arch and the left common carotid artery arising attached to the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk artery. These anatomical variations found in the aortic arch are important for clinical diagnoses and surgical treatments, since they reduce the risks of vascular diseases and injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : This work aims to study the areolar space anterior to the lumbar spine, and also the positioning of the large vessels focusing a lateral approach. Methods :This is a morphometric study of 108 cases based on T2 weighted-MRI images in the supine position. The following measurements were performed: lumbar and segmental lordosis; anteroposterior disc diameter; space between the disc/vertebral body and the vessels; bifurcation between the abdominal aorta and the common iliac veins confluence in relation to the lumbar level. Results :The areolar space with respect to the iliac veins, and with the vena cava increased cranially (p

This study reports on a rare variation of the right internal jugular vein (IJV) identified during routine anatomic dissection of a male cadaver. The right IJV had a tributary located parallel and medially to the IJV itself. This branch of the IJV emerged between the transverse processes of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae and drained into the junction between the right internal jugular and brachiocephalic veins. The present study described a rare branch of the right IJV, which is important knowledge for surgeons, in order to prevent accidental injury and bleeding during surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pharmacological development of hormonal contraceptives has been undergoing changes in estrogen and progesterone doses, based on the fact that lower doses are associated with a lower incidence of metabolic changes and adverse effects, such as impairment of morphology and function of the aortic artery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of contraceptives on the morphofunctional properties of the aortic artery, using the histochemical method, demonstrating its usefulness in histopathological analyzes. Methods: For this purpose, 15 rats were divided into 3 groups; Control group (GC), whose animals did not receive hormonal treatment; Group 2 (G2), where the animals received a daily treatment of 15 µg of ethinylestradiol + 60 µg of gestodene; and Group 3 (G3), whose animals received 30 µg of ethinylestradiol + 75 µg of gestodene. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the arteries removed for histologic analysis. Results: The values found, with HE measurements and Alcian Blue histochemical staining, showed that in G3, treated with a higher hormone dosage, there are 8% of the rats with a relevant increase in the thickness of their arteries, that is, higher than that of G2, which received lower dosage of hormone and that of GC, which received no treatment. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there are relations between the thickening of the arteries of rats submitted to dosages of ethinylestradiol and gestodene with the great amount of mucopolysaccharides deposited between the tunics of the arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: Variações anatômicas são pequenas diferenças morfológicas congênitas que aparecem nos diferentes sistemas orgânicos, as quais não acarretam prejuízo ou distúrbio funcional para o indivíduo. No que diz respeito aos vasos sanguíneos, alterações no desenvolvimento embriológico podem gerar duplicidade de vasos, agenesia ou ocasionar o surgimento de artérias e o desembocar de veias fora da descrição anatômica padrão. Relato de caso: Foi observada dupla variação anatômica vascular em um indivíduo durante uma dissecação de rotina no Laboratório de Anatomia do Centro Universitário São Camilo. A artéria renal principal tinha origem na parte abdominal da artéria aorta seguindo até sua entrada no hilo renal, porém, em vez de um trajeto retilíneo a partir da aorta, a mesma possuía um trajeto descendente e bem angulado. A partir da artéria renal principal surgia uma artéria polar aberrante que entrava no polo inferior do rim direito. Em um nível mais inferior, na altura da bifurcação da aorta, originava-se outra artéria polar aberrante que entrava no hilo renal, seguindo um trajeto retilíneo até o polo inferior do rim direito. A artéria hepática comum originava-se no tronco celíaco seguindo até sua entrada na porta do fígado. A artéria mesentérica superior possuía origem no tronco celíaco. A artéria hepática direita originava-se na artéria mesentérica superior. Conclusão: O estudo das variações anatômicas constitui-se tarefa árdua em virtude das inúmeras expressões diferentes que ocorrem no corpo humano, porém, o conhecimento dessas variações é de extrema valia para a clínica e o planejamento cirúrgico, garantindo a precisão e evitando complicações pós-cirúrgicas ou diagnósticos errôneos.

Introduction: Nicotine is harmful to angiogenesis, osteogenesis and synthesis of collagen. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on bone remodeling during orthodontic movement in rats. Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group C (control), group CM (with orthodontic movement) and group NM (nicotine with orthodontic movement) groups. The animals comprising groups C and CM received 0.9% saline solution while group NM received nicotine solution (2 mg/kg). A nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was used to induce tooth movement. The animals were euthanized and tissue specimens were processed histologically. We quantified blood vessels, Howship's lacunae and osteoclast-like cells present in the tension and compression areas of periodontal ligaments. The extent of bone formation was evaluated under polarized light to determine the percentage of immature/mature collagen. Results: We observed lower blood vessel densities in the NM group in comparison to the CM group, three (p < 0.001) and seven (p < 0.05) days after force application. Osteoclast-like cells and Howship's lacunae in the NM group presented lower levels of expression in comparison to the CM group, with significant differences on day 7 (p < 0.05 for both variables) and day 14 (p < 0.05 for osteoclast-like cells and p < 0.01 for Howship's lacunae). The percentage of immature collagen increased in the NM group in comparison to the CM group with a statistically significant difference on day 3 (p < 0.05), day 7 (p < 0.001), day 14 (p < 0.001) and day 21 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Nicotine affects bone remodeling during orthodontic movement, reducing angiogenesis, osteoclast-like cells and Howship's lacunae, thereby delaying the collagen maturation process in developed bone matrix.

A 56-year-old male patient presented with a complaint of two painful, hard, palpable nodules in the right lower limb. A Doppler ultrasound scan revealed the presence of nodules, likely to be neoplastic. Computed angiography showed two solid hypervascular nodules in the right great saphenous vein, fed by branches of the posterior tibial artery. Embolization of the nodules using surgical cyanoacrylate was performed, followed by an excisional biopsy. Anatomical pathology and immunohistochemical analysis identified the nodule as a high-grade leiomyosarcoma, characterized by ten mitotic figures per ten high-power fields, necrosis and cell pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical analysis results were positive for caldesmon and desmin labeling. A second surgical procedure was performed to enlarge the free margins.

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This article in the series «Safety in Dermatologic Procedures» deals with the accidental laceration of major blood vessels and nerve structures during surgery. We first look at the anatomic location and course of the blood vessels and nerve structures that are most at risk of injury and then describe the possible outcomes in each case. We finally offer some recommendations on how to avoid damage to structures in danger zones and how to repair them if they are accidentally compromised., (Copyright © 2023 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Pesquisa tipo convergente assistencial. Objetivou-se calcular a ocorrência e documentar as evidências clínicas de trauma vascular em punções periféricas de adultos e idosos em um serviço de urgência e emergência de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram considerados como critérios de inclusão: o primeiro demítrio puncionado e a realização de avaliações clínicas em intervalos inferiores a 24 horas. As evidências de trauma foram registradas por fotografias. Amostra de seleção completa. Dos 200 sítios avaliados, houve 110 casos de trauma vascular com 288 manifestações de: dor, alteração da coloração da pele, diminuição da capacidade funcional local, edema, enduração, solução de continuidade, pustulação e hipo ou hipertermia local. As fotografias documentaram cada tipo de manifestação passível de registro visual. Tal investigação possibilitou reafirmar características definidoras para o diagnóstico de enfermagem "Trauma vascular periférico" em um serviço de Urgência/Emergência.Investigación de tipo convergente asistencial. El objetivo fue calcular la aparición y documentar la evidencia clínica del trauma vascular periférico en las punciones de adultos y ancianos en el departamento de urgencia y emergencia de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se consideraron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: el primer lado perforado y la evaluación clínica a intervalos de menos de 24 horas. Las evidencias de trauma fueron registrados en fotografías. Muestra con selección completa. De los 200 sitios estudiados, había 110 casos de trauma vascular con 288 de los acontecimientos de: dolor, decoloración de la piel, disminución de la capacidad funcional local, edema, endurecimiento, cortes, postulación e hipo o hipertermia local. Las fotografías documentan todo tipo de eventos capaces de registro visual. Esta investigación nos ha permitido reafirmar las características definitorias de los diagnósticos de enfermería de "traumatismo vascular periférico" en el servicio de Urgencias/Emergencias.Convergent assistance research. The objective was to estimate the occurrence and document the clinical evidence of peripheral vascular trauma in punctures of adults and elderly in an urgency and emergency department in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We considered the following inclusion criteria: the first side punctured and the clinical assessments at intervals of less than 24 hours. The evidences of trauma were recorded by photographs. Sample with a full selection. From the 200 sites evaluated, there were 110 cases of vascular trauma with 288 events of: 1) pain, skin discoloration, local functional capacity decreased, edema, induration, cuts, postulation and local hypo or hyperthermia. The photographs documented every type of event capable of visual record. This investigation led us to reaffirm the defining characteristics for nursing diagnosis of "pheripheral vascular trauma" in the Urgency/Emergency department.

Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a severe complication often observed in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure, which occurs mainly in women. It is characterized by ischemic tissue loss secondary to progressive vascular compromise. This is a rare and severe condition and its pathogenesis is unclear. The best treatment is prevention, especially in order to maintain adequate levels of calcium and phosphorus. We describe a case of this disease in a patient with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure who underwent medical treatment, surgical debridement and total skin autografts, with resolution of symptoms after 6 months.A Calcifilaxia, também conhecida como arteriolopatia urêmica calcificante, é uma complicação freqüentemente observada nos pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo secundário à insuficiência renal crônica, ocorrendo principalmente em mulheres. Caracteriza-se por necrose isquêmica cutânea, de instalação aguda e progressiva, secundária à calcificação de vasos sanguíneos de pequeno ou de médio calibre. Trata-se de uma afecção rara e grave, cuja patogênese é obscura, e o melhor tratamento é a prevenção, especialmente visando manter os níveis adequados de cálcio e de fósforo. Descrevese um caso desta moléstia em paciente portadora de hiperparatireoidismo secundário à insuficiência renal crônica, submetida a tratamento clínico, desbridamento cirúrgico e enxertos autólogos de pele total, com resolução completa do quadro após 6 meses.

CONTEXTO: O trauma vascular na população pediátrica apresenta-se como um desafio único, frente à sua incidência relativamente baixa, mesmo em centros médicos de referência. Devido à fragilidade dos tecidos, ao reduzido tamanho dos vasos e à sua baixa incidência, manifesta-se com taxas significativas de morbidade e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar os casos de trauma vascular em pacientes pediátricos admitidos em hospital terciário. MÉTODOS: Por meio de estudo retrospectivo, analisaram-se os casos de trauma vascular em pacientes menores de 18 anos, admitidos de janeiro de 2000 a julho de 2010, levando-se em conta dados demográficos, mecanismos de lesão, traumas associados, tratamentos empregados e complicações. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 242 pacientes com trauma vascular, sendo 37 (15,2%) pertencentes à população pediátrica. A média de idade foi de 12,5 anos, sendo 81% dos participantes da pesquisa do sexo masculino. Entre os mecanismos de lesão, o trauma penetrante foi o mais comum (57%), seguido do contuso (38%) e do iatrogênico (5%). Das técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas, o enxerto arterial com veia autóloga foi o procedimento mais comum (13 casos). Houve um caso de amputação primária (infrapatelar) e quatro amputações no período pós-operatório precoce (três transfemorais e uma transtársica). Dos 11 pacientes admitidos com lesão de artéria poplítea, a taxa de amputação transfemoral pós-operatória foi de 27,3%. Houve apenas um óbito devido a trauma iatrogênico em lactente hemofílico. CONCLUSÕES: O trauma vascular pediátrico envolve vários desafios técnicos, como o vasoespasmo e o calibre dos vasos. As altas taxas de amputações observadas em pacientes com lesões de artéria poplítea, apesar das tentativas de revascularização, reforçam a gravidade desse tipo de trauma.BACKGROUND: Vascular trauma in the pediatric population is a unique challenge, mainly due to its relatively low incidence, even in high complexity medical centers. Due to the fragility of the tissues, the small size of vessels and low incidence, it manifests with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the cases of vascular trauma in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Through retrospective study we analyzed the cases of vascular trauma in patients younger than 18 years, admitted from January 2000 to July 2010, taking into account demographic data, mechanisms of injury, associated injuries, treatment techniques and complications. RESULTS: During the studied period, 242 patients were admitted with vascular trauma, 37 (15.2%) belonging to the pediatric population. The average age was 12.5 years, and 81% of the research participants were male. Related to the mechanisms of injury, penetrating trauma was the most common (57%), followed by blunt (38%) and iatrogenic (5%). Among the surgical techniques employed, arterial bypass with autologous vein was the most common (13 cases). There was a case of primary major amputation (below the knee) and four amputations in the early postoperative period (three transfemoral and one transtarsic). For the 11 patients admitted with popliteal artery injury, the rate of postoperative transfemoral amputation was 27.3%. There was only one death due to an iatrogenic trauma in a hemophilic lactant. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular trauma in pediatric patients involves several technical challenges, such as vasospasm and vessel diameter. The high rates of amputation in patients with popliteal artery injuries, despite attempts of revascularization, reinforce the seriousness of this type of trauma.

Las Vasculitis Primarias son enfermedades poco frecuentes, potencialmente fatales, sin causa etiológica conocida, que pueden comprometer a vasos sanguíneos de distinto tamaño, produciéndoles un proceso inflamatorio en la pared vascular, que conduce a la estrechez u obstrucción del vaso afectado, con consecuente isquemia o necrosis del tejido que irrigan. Sus manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser muy variadas, y frecuentemente inespecíficas. Sin embargo hay algunas que hacen sospechar el diagnóstico y que deben ser evaluadas con detalle. El estudio diagnóstico de las vasculitis primarias, implica varios aspectos que deben ser considerados. La actividad, la extensión, el daño visceral y el diagnóstico diferencial. En este sentido los exámenes bioquímicos; los exámenes funcionales organicos; los estudios de imágenes (radiológicos, tomografía computarizadas, resonancia magnética, radio isotópicas, y de Pet -CT); y la histopatología (biopsias de riñón, sistema nervioso periférico, pulmonar, etc.); y los estudios de autoanticuerpos (muy especialmente los ANCA, en vasculitis de pequeño vaso) ayudan a fundamentar el diagnóstico definitivo. Su tratamiento debe considerar dos etapas. Inicialmente la terapia de inducción de la remisión, y luego de lograrla, la de mantenimiento de la remisión. De la naturaleza de la vasculitis y del éxito que se logre con el tratamiento, dependerá su pronóstico. Las drogas tradicionales, más usadas en el tratamiento, y habitualmente más efectivas, son los corticoesteroides (orales o EV en bolos) y la ciclofosfamida (oral o preferentemente en bolos EV). Tambien se han usado la Azatioprina, el metotrexato, y el micofenolato mofetil, especialmente como mantenimiento de remisión. En los últimos años, se ha destacado el uso de terapia biológica, con anticuerpos monoclonales anti lifocitos B, el Rituximab, que resulta de gran utilidad, muy especialmente en las vasculitis de pequeño vaso ANCA positivo. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye patologías muy diversas; trombosis ateroesclerótica; embolias ateroescleróticas, embolias sépticas, el uso de drogas ilícitas, y la trombosis secundaria al Sindrome Antifosfolípido.

A paracoccidioidomicose é uma doença sistêmica causada pela inalação de conídios do Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, um fungo dimórfico que acomete, inicialmente, a via respiratória, disseminando-se, principalmente por vias linfáticas e hematogênicas, para diversos órgãos e sistemas, podendo ser fatal na ausência de diagnóstico e tratamento adequados. Os autores têm por objetivo relatar um caso de paciente que apresentou, como manifestação inicial da doença, uma vasculite de pequenos vasos, sendo esta uma forma clínica atípica, com uma única descrição na literatura.Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic disease caused by inhalation of conidia of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus that initially affects the airway, spreading by lymphatic and hematogenous routes to various organs and systems, and that can be fatal if the diagnosis and treatment are not correct. The authors describe a patient who presents small vessel vasculitis as an initial manifestation of the disease, which is an atypical clinical form with a single description in the literature.