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27 results on '"V.I. GALKIN"'

1. Synthesis, structure, and antimicrobial activity of aminated 5-chloro-6-nitrobenzofurazan with substituted anilines

Author

I.V. Galkina, G.L. Takhautdinova, Kh.R. Khayarov, L.M. Yusupova, O.I Gnezdilov, A.V. Ilyasov, and V.I. Galkin

Subjects
substituted anilines, 5-chloro-6-nitrobenzofurazan, nucleophilc aromatic substitution, synthesis, structure, heterocyclic compounds, Science
Abstract

A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of nucleophilc aromatic substitution products in benzofurazan cycle on the basis of reactions of substituted anilines with 5-chloro-6-nitrobenzofurazan has been elaborated. The obtained products have a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antimycotic activity. The structure of compounds has been confirmed by IR-, NMR-spectroscopy and also by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Thermal stability of the products has been studied by the combined method of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC).

Published
2017

2. Interaction of 1,3,5-Triaryl-1,3,5-Triazacyclohexantricarcarbonyl Complexes of Tung-sten and Chromium with Diethyl H-Phosphonate: Theoretical and Experimental Study

Author

A.V. Plotnikova, E.V. Kolpakova, A.I. Kuramshin, and V.I. Galkin

Subjects
organic derivatives of chromium group metals, density functional (DFT), hydrophosphoryl compounds, hydroxy-tautomeric form of dialkylphosphite, catalysis, quantum chemical calculations, 5-triaryl-1, 5-triazacyclohexanes, Science
Abstract

Experimentally and with the help of quantum chemical calculations (density functional theory, B3LYP/LANL2DZ), the interaction of diethylphosphite with 1,3,5-triaryl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexanetri-carbonylmetals(0) has been studied. It has been shown that the formation of a phosphoorganometallic derivative where the phosphorus atom of diethyl-H-phosphonate remains in the tetravalent four-coordinated state and diethyl-H-phosphonate stays in the hydroxy-tautomeric form stabilized by the interaction of the phosphorus atom lone electron pair with the transition metal is most advantageous. In accordance with the results of quantum chemical calculations, the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group of the phosphoorganometallic compound is mobile and capable of heterolysis, which indicates the possibility of participation of the resulting phosphoorganometallic compound in the electrophilic version of the Pudovik reaction. The detected ability of 1,3,5-triaryl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexanetricarbonyltungstens(0) to catalyze the addition of diethyl-H-phosphonate to methylphenylacetylene confirms this assumption.

Published
2017

3. The Conjugation Stress of Ligand via Metal Core as the Cause of Changes in the Reactivity of Coordinated 1-Hetero-1,3-Dienes

Author

A.I. Kuramshin, E.V. Kolpakova, R.A. Cherkasov, and V.I. Galkin

Subjects
quantum-chemical calculations, metal-organic derivatives of chromium group metals, density functional (DFT), conjugation, stress energy, Science
Abstract

Using quantum-chemical calculations carried out for interpretation of the experimentally discovered reactivity of 1-hetero-1,3-dienes that are mono- and bidentally coordinated with the transition metal core, we have revealed that the difference in hydrophosphorylation directions of the free organic molecule and the same molecule involved in the coordination sphere of the transition metal can be explained by either weakening or complete loss of conjugation between the C=C and C=X fragments as a result of coordination. In the case of monodentate coordination of heterodiene with the transition metal according to the eta(2)(C,C)-type, the conjugation weakening is suggested to be maximum for the transition metal characterized by the minimum electronegativity, which predetermines the increased contribution of the metalcyclopropane resonance structure into the general bonding mode. Organometallic compounds having the heterodiene ligand bidentally coordinated demonstrate the conjugation weakening parallel to the metal radius.

Published
2016

4. Selection of Appropriate Quantum-Chemical Model for Calculations of Properties of Chromium Group Complexes via DFT

Author

A.I. Kuramshin, M.V. Zimaliev, E.V. Kolpakova, and V.I. Galkin

Subjects
quantum-chemical calculations, coordination compounds of chromium group metals, combinatorial methods, density functional (DFT), Science
Abstract

The selection of a pair of functional/basis for the most adequate quantum-chemical determination of the geometric and electronic properties of chromium group metal complexes with polydent heterocyclic ligands has been carried out. When selecting a suitable model, such parameters as allowable accuracy and acceptable time of calculation have been taken into account. It has been found that the accuracy of calculations depends on the number of basis functions in-volved in the calculation model – the error tends to decrease with the increase in their number. The ac-curacy of calculations also increases with introduction of the polarized orbitals 2d2p and 3df3pd in the quantum-chemical model and the diffuse orbitals p, pp, ppp in the basis, respectively. The results obtained by using non-hybrid functionals with large basis functions are comparable to the calculations performed in less time with the help of hybrid functionals. The optimal ratio for the accuracy of calculation results compared to the time for study of the coordi-nation compounds can be achieved by using the PBE0 hybrid functional and TZVPP basis functions.

Published
2016

5. Studies of halopelite content in the B-V rock salt layer of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit

Author

V.I. Galkin, S.S. Andreyko, N.A. Litvinovskaya, S.V. Galkin, and T.A. Lyalina

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract

The paper presents the results of studying halopelite content in the B–V rock salt layer in conditions of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit in terms of gas-dynamic hazard during mining of the AB potassium layer. Presence of halopelite bands in the interformational B-V rock salt layer is considered as the factor which causes reduction of both rock tensile strength and cohesion between individual rock layers in the roof of the mine workings that leads to its intensive exfoliation. In case of free gas accumulation or its infiltration from the enclosing rocks into the formed voids this can cause gas-dynamic phenomena, i.e. the roof rocks collapse accompanied by gas emission. Forecasting of the gas-dynamic hazards is extremely important both in mining of potash beds and in the development of oil and potash deposits that coincide laterally. In the course of the research, the content of halopelite within the B-V rock salt formation was taken into account using such a quantitative indicator as the content of water insoluble residue (IR). Analysis of statistical dependence of insoluble residue content as a quantitative characteristic of halopelite content in the B–V formation with the other formation characteristics such as calcium sulphate content, formation thickness and absolute roof elevation was performed. The regression equations were obtained that characterize the correlation relations between the IR and CaSO4, IR and Hcr with regard to the three studied options. Analysis of correlation coefficient values was executed between the IR by CaSO4, as well as the type of the regression equations for free and angular members.

Published
2022

7. About influence of deformation mechanisms on the structure and properties of metallic material

Author

P.A. Golovkin and V.I. Galkin

Subjects
Metal, Materials science, Deformation mechanism, visual_art, Structure (category theory), visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material
Abstract

Using various materials as an example, we analyze the influence of the predominant deformation mechanisms on the behavior of structural, phase, and other changes in a metallic material during its pressure treatment, and on the resulting properties of the material in terms of strength, corrosion, and other characteristics.

Published
2021

8. Improvement of hot forging process of П-shaped forgings from VT14 and VT23 alloys

Author

P.A. Golovkin, V.I. Galkin, and S.A. Fesenko

Subjects
Materials science, Metallurgy, Process (computing), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Forging, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The effect of temperature deformation parameters and the workpiece shape on the structure and properties of П-shaped die forgings made of the VT14 and VT23 titanium alloys.

Published
2020

13. Assessment of conveyor belt monitoring systems in mining

Author

V.I. Galkin

Subjects
Ecology, Mining engineering, Geochemistry and Petrology, Computer science, Geology, Monitoring system, Conveyor belt, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published
2019

15. Application of cluster analysis in assessing the initial total in place oil resources’ density for highly explored areas

Author

V.Sh. Gurbanov, Jsc «UralOil», Yekaterinburg, Russia, S.V. Galkin, V.I. Galkin, К.А. Koshkin, and О.А. Melkishev

Subjects
Geophysics, Fuel Technology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Oil reserves, Environmental protection, Applied Mathematics, Cluster (physics), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Environmental science, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Published
2018

21. EAS primary particle parameter estimation with the complex Pamir-XXI detector array

Author

V.I. Galkin, A.S. Borisov, R. Bakhromzod, V.V. Batraev, S. Latipova, and A. Muqumov

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics, QC1-999, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Some new developments in EAS methods made in the framework of the Pamir-XXI project are presented. First, primary energy and direction definition accuracies by a network of fast scintillators are considered, optimum network cell size is defined for 10 PeV showers. Second, the same accuracies for a network of fast optical (Cherenkov) detectors are considered for 30 TeV–10 PeV showers. Third, the possibilities of separation of EAS initiated by protons, nitrogen and iron nuclei of 1 and 10 PeV energies using a wide-angle Cherenkov telescope are discussed. Finally, the results of the extraction of 30–50 TeV gamma showers from the proton shower background with the same telescope are presented. Presumably, our developments can help in the study of PCR mass composition and ultra high energy gamma ray astronomy in other projects.

Published
2017

24. The detection of neutrino interactions in the emulsion/lead target of the OPERA experiment

Author

Pozzato, M., N, Pretzl, o. K., Publichenko, d. P., Pupilli, b. F., Rescigno, u. R., Rizhikov, l. D., Roganova, aa T., Romano, b. G., Rosa, l. G., Rostovtseva, a. j. I., Rubbia, w. A., Russo, f. A., P, Ryasny, s. V., Ryazhskaya, a. O., Sadovski, a. A., Sato, v. O., Sato, y. Y., Saveliev, ak V., Schembri, aa A., Schmidt Parzefall, a. j. W., Schroeder, k. H., Sch¨utz, ad H. U., Schuler, d. J., Scotto Lavina, q. L., Shibuya, p. H., Simone, z. S., T, Sioli, ai M., Sirignano, Chiara, Sirri, l. G., Song, o. J. S., Spinetti, a. f. M., Stanco, h. L., Starkov, m. N., Stipcevic, g. M., Strauss, ae T., Strolin, f. P., Sugonyaev, s. V., Takahashi, m. S., Tereschenko, y. V., Terranova, v. F., Tezuka, h. I., Tioukov, ak V., Tolun, p. P., Tsarev, ac V., Tsenov, g. R., Tufanli, ah S., Ushida, ac N., Verguilov, ag V., Vilain, ah P., Vladimirov, al M., Votano, g. L., Vuilleumier, h. J. L., Wilquet, d. G., Wonsak, al B., Yakushev, k. V., Yoon, a. C. S., Yoshioka, a. f. T., Yoshida, y. J., Zaitsev, y. Y., Zghichej, w. A., Zimmermannk, R., Agafonova, N., Anokhina, a. A., Aoki, b. S., Ariga, c. A., Ariga, d. T., Arrabito, d. L., Autiero, e. D., Badertscher, e. A., Bagulya, f. A., Bersani Greggio, g. F., Bertolin, h. A., Besnier, i. M., J, Bick, 1 D., Boyarkin, k. V., Bozza, a. C., Brugi `ere, l. T., Brugnera, Riccardo, I, Brunetti, m. G., Buontempo, o. S., Carrara, p. E., I, M, Cazes, 2 A., Chaussard, e. L., Chernyavsky, e. M., Chiarella, g. V., Chon Sen, h. N., Chukanov, q. A., Cozzi, p. M., D’Amato, n. G., Dal Corso, l. F., D’Ambrosio, i. N., De Lellis, r. G., P, S, D´eclais, 3 Y., De Serio, e. M., Di Capua, t. F., Di Ferdinando, p. D., Di Giovanni, o. A., Di Marco, u. N., Di Troia, u. C., Dmitrievski, h. S., Dominjon, v. A., Dracos, e. M., Duchesneau, q. D., Dusini, j. S., Ebert, i. J., Egorov, k. O., Enikeev, w. R., Ereditato, a. A., Esposito, d. L. S., Favier, r. J., Felici, j. G., Ferber, h. T., Fini, k. R., Frekers, t. D., Fukuda, x. T., Fukushima, y. C., Galkin, z. V. I., Galkin, b. V. A., Garfagnini, Alberto, Giacomelli, m. G., Giorgini, o. M., Goellnitz, o. C., Goeltzenlichter, k. T., Goldberg, q. J., Golubkov, ab D., Gornushkin, w. Y., Grella, v. G., Grianti, l. F., Guler, h. M., Gustavino, ac C., Hagner, r. C., Hamada, k. K., Hara, y. T., Hierholzer, c. M., Hoshino, ad K., Ieva, y. M., Jakovcic, t. K., Janutta, ae B., Jollet, k. C., Juget, q. F., Kazuyama, d. M., Kim, y. S. H., a. f., Kimura, 4 M., Kitagawa, z. N., Klicek, y. B., Knuesel, ae J., Kodama, d. K., Kolev, ag D., Komatsu, ah M., Kose, y. U., Krasnoperov, 5 A., Kreslo, v. I., Krumstein, d. Z., Kubota, v. H., Kutsenov, y. V. V., Kuznetsov, a. V. A., Laktineh, a. I., Lazzaro, e. C., Lenkeit, f. J., Ljubicic, k. A., Longhin, ae A., Lutter, m. G., Malgin, d. A., Manai, a. K., Mandrioli, e. G., Marotta, o. A., Marteau, p. J., Matsuo, e. T., Matveev, z. V., Mauri, a. N., Medinaceli, o. E., Meisel, o. F., Meregaglia, d. A., Messina, q. M., Migliozzi, d. P., Miyamoto, 6 S., Monacelli, y. P., Morishima, u. K., Moser, y. U., Muciaccia, d. M. T., Naganawa, ai N., Naka, y. T., Nakamura, y. M., Nakano, y. T., Nikitina, y. V., Niwa, b. K., Nonoyama, y. Y., Nozdrin, y. A., Ogawa, v. S., Olchevski, z. A., Orlova, v. G., Osedlo, g. V., Ossetski, b. D., Paniccia, aa M., Paoloni, h. A., Park, h. B. D., Park, a. f. I. G., Pastore, a. f. A., Patrizii, ai L., Pennacchio, o. E., Pessard, e. H., Pilipenko, j. V., Pistillo, x. C., Polukhina, d. N., Agafonova, N, Anokhina, A, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Arrabito, L, Autiero, D, Badertscher, A, Bagulya, A, Bersani Greggio, F, Bertolin, A, Besnier, M, Bick, D, Boyarkin, V, Bozza, C, Brugière, T, Brugnera, R, Brunetti, G, Buontempo, S, Carrara, E, Cazes, A, Chaussard, L, Chernyavsky, M, Chiarella, V, Chon-Sen, N, Chukanov, A, Cozzi, M, D'Amato, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Ambrosio, N, De Lellis, G, Déclais, Y, De Serio, M, Di Capua, F, Di Ferdinando, D, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dmitrievski, S, Dominjon, A, Dracos, M, Duchesneau, D, Dusini, S, Ebert, J, Egorov, O, Enikeev, R, Ereditato, A, Esposito, L, Favier, J, Felici, G, Ferber, T, Fini, R, Frekers, D, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, C, Galkin, V, Garfagnini, A, Giacomelli, G, Giorgini, M, Goellnitz, C, Goeltzenlichter, T, Goldberg, J, Golubkov, D, Gornushkin, Y, Grella, G, Grianti, F, Guler, M, Gustavino, C, Hagner, C, Hamada, K, Hara, T, Hierholzer, M, Hoshino, K, Ieva, M, Jakovcic, K, Janutta, B, Jollet, C, Juget, F, Kazuyama, M, Kim, S, Kimura, M, Kitagawa, N, Klicek, B, Knuesel, J, Kodama, K, Kolev, D, Komatsu, M, Kose, U, Krasnoperov, A, Kreslo, I, Krumstein, Z, Kubota, H, Kutsenov, V, Kuznetsov, V, Laktineh, I, Lazzaro, C, Lenkeit, J, Ljubicic, A, Longhin, A, Lutter, G, Malgin, A, Manai, K, Mandrioli, G, Marotta, A, Marteau, J, Matsuo, T, Matveev, V, Mauri, N, Medinaceli, E, Meisel, F, Meregaglia, A, Messina, M, Migliozzi, P, Miyamoto, S, Monacelli, P, Morishima, K, Moser, U, Muciaccia, M, Naganawa, N, Naka, T, Nakamura, M, Nakano, T, Nikitina, V, Niwa, K, Nonoyama, Y, Nozdrin, A, Ogawa, S, Olchevski, A, Orlova, G, Osedlo, V, Ossetski, D, Paniccia, M, Paoloni, A, Park, B, Park, I, Pastore, A, Patrizii, L, Pennacchio, E, Pessard, H, Pilipenko, V, Pistillo, C, Polukhina, N, Pozzato, M, Pretzl, K, Publichenko, P, Pupilli, F, Rescigno, R, Rizhikov, D, Roganova, T, Romano, G, Rosa, G, Rostovtseva, I, Rubbia, A, Russo, A, Ryasny, V, Ryazhskaya, O, Sadovski, A, Sato, O, Sato, Y, Saveliev, V, Schembri, A, Schmidt Parzefall, W, Schroeder, H, Schütz, H, Schuler, J, Scotto Lavina, L, Shibuya, H, Simone, S, Sioli, M, Sirignano, C, Sirri, G, Song, J, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Starkov, N, Stipcevic, M, Strauss, T, Strolin, P, Sugonyaev, V, Takahashi, S, Tereschenko, V, Terranova, F, Tezuka, I, Tioukov, V, Tolun, P, Tsarev, V, Tsenov, R, Tufanli, S, Ushida, N, Verguilov, V, Vilain, P, Vladimirov, M, Votano, L, Vuilleumier, J, Wilquet, G, Wonsak, B, Yakushev, V, Yoon, C, Yoshioka, T, Yoshida, J, Zaitsev, Y, Zghiche, A, Zimmermann, R, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OPERA, N. AGAFONOVA, A. ANOKHINA, S. AOKI, A. ARIGA, T. ARIGA, L. ARRABITO, D. AUTIERO, A. BADERTSCHER, A. BAGULYA, F. BERSANI GREGGIO, A. BERTOLIN, M. BESNIER, D. BICK, V. BOYARKIN, C. BOZZA, T. BRUGIÈRE, R. BRUGNERA, G. BRUNETTI, S. BUONTEMPO, E. CARRARA, A. CAZES, L. CHAUSSARD, M. CHERNYAVSKY, V. CHIARELLA, N. CHON-SEN, A. CHUKANOV, M. COZZI, G. D’AMATO, F. DAL CORSO, N. D’AMBROSIO, G. DE LELLIS, Y. DÉCLAIS, M. DE SERIO, F. DI CAPUA, D. DI FERDINANDO, A. DI GIOVANNI, N. DI MARCO, C. DI TROIA, S. DMITRIEVSKI, A. DOMINJON, M. DRACOS, D. DUCHESNEAU, S. DUSINI, J. EBERT, O. EGOROV, R. ENIKEEV, A. EREDITATO, L.S. ESPOSITO, J. FAVIER, G. FELICI, T. FERBER, R. FINI, D. FREKERS, T. FUKUDA, C. FUKUSHIMA, V.I. GALKIN, V.A. GALKIN, A. GARFAGNINI, G. GIACOMELLI, M. GIORGINI, C. GOELLNITZ, T. GOELTZENLICHTER, J. GOLDBERG, D. GOLUBKOV, Y. GORNUSHKIN, G. GRELLA, F. GRIANTI, M. GULER, C. GUSTAVINO, C. HAGNER, K. HAMADA, T. HARA, M. HIERHOLZER, K. HOSHINO, M. IEVA, K. JAKOVCIC, B. JANUTTA, C. JOLLET, F. JUGET, M. KAZUYAMA, S.H. KIM, M. KIMURA, N. KITAGAWA, B. KLICEK, J. KNUESEL, K. KODAMA, D. KOLEV, M. KOMATSU, U. KOSE, A. KRASNOPEROV, I. KRESLO, Z. KRUMSTEIN, H. KUBOTA, V.V. KUTSENOV, V.A. KUZNETSOV, I. LAKTINEH, C. LAZZARO, F J. LENKEIT, A. LJUBICIC, A. LONGHIN, G. LUTTER, A. MALGIN, K. MANAI, G. MANDRIOLI, A. MAROTTA, J. MARTEAU, T. MATSUO, V. MATVEEV, N. MAURI, E. MEDINACELI, F. MEISEL, A. MEREGAGLIA, M. MESSINA, P. MIGLIOZZI, S. MIYAMOTO, P. MONACELLI, K. MORISHIMA, U. MOSER, M.T. MUCIACCIA, N. NAGANAWA, T. NAKA, M. NAKAMURA, T. NAKANO, V. NIKITINA, K. NIWA, Y. NONOYAMA, A. NOZDRIN, S. OGAWA, A. OLCHEVSKI, G. ORLOVA, V. OSEDLO, D. OSSETSKI, M. PANICCIA, A. PAOLONI, B.D. PARK, I.G. PARK, A. PASTORE, L. PATRIZII, E. PENNACCHIO, H. PESSARD, V. PILIPENKO, C. PISTILLO, N. POLUKHINA, M. POZZATO, K. PRETZL, P. PUBLICHENKO, F. PUPILLI, R. RESCIGNO, D. RIZHIKOV, T. ROGANOVA, G. ROMANO, G. ROSA, I. ROSTOVTSEVA, A. RUBBIA, A. RUSSO, V. RYASNY, O. RYAZHSKAYA, A. SADOVSKI, O. SATO, Y. SATO, V. SAVELIEV, A. SCHEMBRI, W. SCHMIDT PARZEFALL, H. SCHROEDER, H.U. SCHUTZ, J. SCHULER, L. SCOTTO LAVINA, H. SHIBUYA, S. SIMONE, M. SIOLI, C. SIRIGNANO, G. SIRRI, J.S. SONG, M. SPINETTI, L. STANCO, N. STARKOV, M. STIPCEVIC, T. STRAUSS, P. STROLIN, V. SUGONYAEV, S. TAKAHASHI, V. TERESCHENKO, F. TERRANOVA, I. TEZUKA, V. TIOUKOV, P. TOLUN, V. TSAREV, R. TSENOV, S. TUFANLI, N. USHIDA, V. VERGUILOV, P. VILAIN, M. VLADIMIROV, L. VOTANO, J.L. VUILLEUMIER, G. WILQUET, B. WONSAK, V. YAKUSHEV, C.S. YOON, T. YOSHIOKA, J. YOSHIDA, Y. ZAITSEV, A. ZGHICHEJ, R. ZIMMERMANNK, Greggio, F. Bersani, Chon Sen, N, Corso, F. Dal, Lellis, G. De, Serio, M. De, DI CAPUA, Francesco, Ferdinando, D. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Marco, N. Di, Troia, C. Di, Esposito, L. S, Galkin, V. I, Galkin, V. A, Kim, S. H, Kutsenov, V. V, Kuznetsov, V. A, Mori\ shima, K, Muciaccia, M. T, Park, B. D, Park, I. G, Parzefall, W. Schmidt, Schütz, H. U, Lavina, L. Scotto, Song, J. S, Vuilleumier, J. L, Yoon, C. S, Zimmermann, R., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
High energy, Particle physics, NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS, FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle tracking detectors, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, NEUTRINO DETECTORS, 3. Good health, Particle tracking detector, Neutrino detector, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Physique des particules élémentaires, PARTICLE PHYSICS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Beam (structure), Particle Physics - Experiment, neutrino interactions, OPERA experiment, particle tracking detectors, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle, hysics
Abstract

The OPERA neutrino detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode through the study of νμ→ ντ oscillations. The apparatus consists of an emulsion/lead target complemented by electronic detectors and it is placed in the high energy long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730 km away from the neutrino source. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were successfully carried out in 2007 and 2008 with the detector fully operational with its related facilities for the emulsion handling and analysis. After a brief description of the beam and of the experimental setup we report on the collection, reconstruction and analysis procedures of first samples of neutrino interaction events. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA., 0, P06020, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2009

25. The OPERA experiment in the CERN to Gran Sasso neutrino beam

Author

Acquafredda, R., A, Adam, 1 T., Agafonova, b. N., Alvarez Sanchez, c. P., Ambrosio, d. M., Anokhina, a. A., Aoki, e. S., Ariga, f. A., Ariga, g. T., Arrabito, h. L., Aufranc, i. C., Autiero, i. D., Badertscher, i. A., Bagulya, j. A., Baussan, k. E., Bergnoli, b. A., L, Bersani Greggio, 2 F., Bertolin, m. A., Besnier, l. M., N, Biar ´e, 3 D., Bick, n. D., Blin, o. S., Borer, p. K., Boucrot, g. J., Boutigny, p. D., Boyarkin, 4 V., Bozza, c. C., Brugi `ere, q. T., Brugnera, i. R., R, Brunetti, l. G., S, Buontempo, t. S., Campagne, a. J. E., Carlus, p. B., Carrara, i. E., R, L, Cazes, 5 A., Chaussard, u. L., Chernyavsky, i. M., Chiarella, k. V., Chon Sen, u. N., Chukanov, b. A., Ciesielski, a. R., Consiglio, l. L., Cozzi, t. M., D’Amato, s. G., Dal Corso, q. F., D’Ambrosio, l. N., Damet, v. J., de La Taille, 6 C., De Lellis, p. G., W, A, D´eclais, 7 Y., Descombes, i. T., I, De Serio, 8 M., Di Capua, x. F., Di Ferdinando, a. D., Di Giovanni, t. A., Di Marco, y. N., Di Troia, y. C., Dick, u. N., Dmitrievski, b. S., Dominjon, z. A., Dracos, i. M., Duchesneau, b. D., Dulach, n. B., Dusini, u. S., Ebert, l. J., Efthymiopoulos, o. I., Egorov, d. O., Elsener, aa K., Enikeev, d. R., Ereditato, c. A., Esposito, g. L. S., Fanin, v. C., Favier, l. J., Felici, n. G., Ferber, u. T., Fini, o. R., Fournier, x. L., Franceschi, n. A., Frekers, u. D., Fukuda, ab T., Fukushima, h. C., Galkin, ac V. I., Galkin, e. V. A., Gallet, ad R., Gardien, n. S., Garfagnini, i. A., Gaudiot, l. G., Giacomelli, b. G., Giorgini, t. M., Girerd, t. C., Goellnitz, i. C., Goeltzenlichter, o. T., Goldberg, b. J., Golubkov, ae D., Gornushkin, aa Y., Grapton, z. J. N., Grella, b. G., Grianti, q. F., Gschwendtner, m. E., Guerin, d. C., Guler, i. M., Gustavino, a. f. C., Guyonnet, v. J. L., Hagner, b. C., Hamane, o. T., Hara, 9 T., Hauger, f. M., Hess, g. M., Hierholzer, g. M., Hoshino, ag K., Ieva, h. M., Incurvati, x. M., Jakovcic, u. K., Janicsko Csathy, ah J., Janutta, g. B., Jollet, o. C., Juget, b. F., Kazuyama, g. M., Kim, h. S. H., Khovansky, 10 N., Kimura, z. M., Klicek, ac B., Knuesel, ah J., Kodama, g. K., Kolev, a. j. D., Komatsu, M., Kose, h. U., a. f., Krasnoperov, 11 A., Kreslo, z. I., Krumstein, g. Z., Kutsenov, z. V. V., Kuznetsov, c. V. A., Laktineh, c. I., Lavy, i. M., Lazzaro, 12 C., j. T. D., Le, Le Flour, b. T., Lenkeit, n. J., Lewis, o. J., Lieunard, d. S., Ljubicic, n. A., Longhin, ah A., Lutter, r. G., Malgin, g. A., Manai, c. K., Mandrioli, i. G., Marotta, t. A., Marteau, a. J., Martin Chassard, i. G., Matveev, p. V., Mauri, c. N., Meddahi, t. M., Meisel, d. F., Meregaglia, g. A., Meschini, b. A., Messina, v. M., Migliozzi, g. P., Monacelli, a. P., Monteiro, y. I., Moreau, n. F., Morishima, 13 K., Moser, h. U., Muciaccia, g. M. T., Mugnier, x. P., Naganawa, n. N., Nakamura, h. M., Nakano, h. T., Napolitano, h. T., Nikitina, u. V., Niwa, e. K., Nonoyama, h. Y., Nozdrin, h. A., Ogawa, z. S., Olchevski, ac A., Orlandi, z. D., Orlova, v. G., Osedlo, k. V., Ossetski, e. D., Paniccia, ad M., Paoloni, u. A., Park, u. B. D., Park, h. I. G., Pastore, ai A., Patrizii, x. L., Pellegrino, t. L., Pennacchio, u. E., Pessard, i. H., Pilipenko, n. V., Pistillo, ab C., Polukhina, g. N., Pozzato, k. M., Pretzl, t. K., Publichenko, g. P., Pupilli, e. F., Raux, y. L., Repellin, p. J. P., Rescigno, p. R., Rizhikov, q. D., Roganova, ad T., Romano, e. G., Rosa, q. G., Rostovtseva, am I., Rubbia, aa A., Russo, j. A., W, Ryasny, a. V., Ryazhskaya, c. O., Sadovski, c. A., Sanelli, z. C., Sato, u. O., Sato, h. Y., Saveliev, an V., Sazhina, ad G., Schembri, e. A., Schmidt Parzefall, am W., Schroeder, o. H., Sch¨utz, ag H. U., Schuler, g. J., Scotto Lavina, b. L., Serrano, a. J., Shibuya, d. H., Simone, ac S., Sioli, x. M., Sirignano, Chiara, Sirri, q. G., Song, t. J. S., Spinetti, ai M., Stanco, u. L., Starkov, r. N., Stipcevic, k. M., Strauss, ah T., Strolin, j. P., Sugonyaev, a. V., Takahashi, 14 S., Talochkin, h. V., Tenti, c. M., Tereschenko, t. V., Terranova, z. F., U, Tezuka, 15 I., Tioukov, an V., Tolun, a. P., Tsarev, a. f. V., Tsenov, k. R., Tufanli, ak S., Ugolino, a. f. U., Ushida, a. N., Van Beek, a. j. G., Verguilov, ao V., Viant, ak T., Vilain, j. P., Vladimirov, ao M., Votano, k. L., Vuilleumier, u. J. L., Waelchli, g. T., Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), OPERA, Acquafredda, R, Adam, T, Agafonova, N, Sanchez, P, Ambrosio, M, Anokhina, A, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Arrabito, L, Aufranc, C, Autiero, D, Badertscher, A, Bagulya, A, Baussan, E, Bergnoli, A, Greggio, F, Bertolin, A, Besnier, M, Biaré, D, Bick, D, Blin, S, Borer, K, Boucrot, J, Boutigny, D, Boyarkin, V, Bozza, C, Brugière, T, Brugnera, R, Brunetti, G, Buontempo, S, Campagne, J, Carlus, B, Carrara, E, Cazes, A, Chaussard, L, Chernyavsky, M, Chiarella, V, Chon Sen, N, Chukanov, A, Ciesielski, R, Consiglio, L, Cozzi, M, D'Amato, G, Corso, F, D'Ambrosio, N, Damet, J, Taille, C, Lellis, G, Déclais, Y, Descombes, T, Serio, M, Capua, F, Ferdinando, D, Giovanni, A, Marco, N, Troia, C, Dick, N, Dmitrievski, S, Dominjon, A, Dracos, M, Duchesneau, D, Dulach, B, Dusini, S, Ebert, J, Efthymiopoulos, I, Egorov, O, Elsener, K, Enikeev, R, Ereditato, A, Esposito, L, Fanin, C, Favier, J, Felici, G, Ferber, T, Fini, R, Fournier, L, Franceschi, A, Frekers, D, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, C, Galkin, V, Gallet, R, Gardien, S, Garfagnini, A, Gaudiot, G, Giacomelli, G, Giorgini, M, Girerd, C, Goellnitz, C, Goeltzenlichter, T, Goldberg, J, Golubkov, D, Gornushkin, Y, Grapton, J, Grella, G, Grianti, F, Gschwendtner, E, Guerin, C, Guler, M, Gustavino, C, Guyonnet, J, Hagner, C, Hamane, T, Hara, T, Hauger, M, Hess, M, Hierholzer, M, Hoshino, K, Ieva, M, Incurvati, M, Jakovcic, K, Csathy, J, Janutta, B, Jollet, C, Juget, F, Kazuyama, M, Kim, S, Khovansky, N, Kimura, M, Klicek, B, Knuesel, J, Kodama, K, Kolev, D, Komatsu, M, Kose, U, Krasnoperov, A, Kreslo, I, Krumstein, Z, Kutsenov, V, Kuznetsov, V, Laktineh, I, Lavy, M, Lazzaro, C, Le, T, Flour, T, Lenkeit, J, Lewis, J, Lieunard, S, Ljubicic, A, Longhin, A, Lutter, G, Malgin, A, Manai, K, Mandrioli, G, Marotta, A, Marteau, J, Martin Chassard, G, Matveev, V, Mauri, N, Meddahi, M, Meisel, F, Meregaglia, A, Meschini, A, Messina, M, Migliozzi, P, Monacelli, P, Monteiro, I, Moreau, F, Morishima, K, Moser, U, Muciaccia, M, Mugnier, P, Naganawa, N, Nakamura, M, Nakano, T, Napolitano, T, Nikitina, V, Niwa, K, Nonoyama, Y, Nozdrin, A, Ogawa, S, Olchevski, A, Orlandi, D, Orlova, G, Osedlo, V, Ossetski, D, Paniccia, M, Paoloni, A, Park, B, Park, I, Pastore, A, Patrizii, L, Pellegrino, L, Pennacchio, E, Pessard, H, Pilipenko, V, Pistillo, C, Polukhina, N, Pozzato, M, Pretzl, K, Publichenko, P, Pupilli, F, Raux, L, Repellin, J, Rescigno, R, Rizhikov, D, Roganova, T, Romano, G, Rosa, G, Rostovtseva, I, Rubbia, A, Russo, A, Ryasny, V, Ryazhskaya, O, Sadovski, A, Sanelli, C, Sato, O, Sato, Y, Saveliev, V, Sazhina, G, Schembri, A, Parzefall, W, Schroeder, H, Schütz, H, Schuler, J, Lavina, L, Serrano, J, Shibuya, H, Simone, S, Sioli, M, Sirignano, C, Sirri, G, Song, J, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Starkov, N, Stipcevic, M, Strauss, T, Strolin, P, Sugonyaev, V, Takahashi, S, Talochkin, V, Tenti, M, Tereschenko, V, Terranova, F, Tezuka, I, Tioukov, V, Tolun, P, Tsarev, V, Tsenov, R, Tufanli, S, Ugolino, U, Ushida, N, Beek, G, Verguilov, V, Viant, T, Vilain, P, Vladimirov, M, Votano, L, Vuilleumier, J, Waelchli, T, Weber, M, Wilquet, G, Wonsak, B, Wurtz, J, Yakushev, V, Yoon, C, Zaitsev, Y, Zghiche, A, Zimmermann, R, Sanchez, P. Alvarez, Greggio, F. Bersani, Campagne, J. E, Corso, F. Dal, Taille, C. de La, Lellis, G. De, Serio, M. De, DI CAPUA, Francesco, Ferdinando, D. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Marco, N. Di, Troia, C. Di, Esposito, L. S, Galkin, V. I, Galkin, V. A, Grapton, J. N, Guyonnet, J. L, Csathy, J. Janicsko, Kim, S. H, Kutsenov, V. V, Kuznetsov, V. A, Le, T. D, Flour, T. Le, Muciaccia, M. T, Park, B. D, Park, I. G, Repellin, J. P, Parzefall, W. Schmidt, Schütz, H. U, Lavina, L. Scotto, Song, J. S, Beek, G. Van, Vuilleumier, J. L, Yoon, C. S, Zimmermann, R., R. ACQUAFREDDA, T. ADAM, N. AGAFONOVA, P. ALVAREZ SANCHEZ, M. AMBROSIO, A. ANOKHINA, S. AOKI, A. ARIGA, T. ARIGA, L. ARRABITO, C. AUFRANC, D. AUTIERO, A. BADERTSCHER, A. BAGULYA, E. BAUSSAN, A. BERGNOLI, F. BERSANI GREGGIO, A. BERTOLIN, M. BESNIER, D. BIARÉ, D. BICK, S. BLIN, K. BORER, J. BOUCROT, D. BOUTIGNY, V. BOYARKIN, C. BOZZA, T. BRUGIÈRE, R. BRUGNERA, G. BRUNETTI, S. BUONTEMPO, J.E. CAMPAGNE, B. CARLUS, E. CARRARA, A. CAZES, L. CHAUSSARD, M. CHERNYAVSKY, V. CHIARELLA, N. CHON-SEN, A. CHUKANOV, R. CIESIELSKI, L. CONSIGLIO, M. COZZI, G. D’AMATO, F. DAL CORSO, N. D’AMBROSIO, J. DAMET, C. DE LA TAILLE, G. DE LELLIS, Y. D´ECLAIS, T. DESCOMBES, M. DE SERIO, F. DI CAPUA, D. DI FERDINANDO, A. DI GIOVANNI, N. DI MARCO, C. DI TROIA, N. DICK, S. DMITRIEVSKI, A. DOMINJON, M. DRACOS, D. DUCHESNEAU, B. DULACH, S. DUSINI, J. EBERT, I. EFTHYMIOPOULOS, O. EGOROV, K. ELSENER, R. ENIKEEV, A. EREDITATO, L. S. ESPOSITO, C. FANIN, J. FAVIER, G. FELICI, T. FERBER, R. FINI, L. FOURNIER, A. FRANCESCHI, D. FREKERS, T. FUKUDA, C. FUKUSHIMA, V.I. GALKIN, V.A. GALKIN, R. GALLET, S. GARDIEN, A. GARFAGNINI, G. GAUDIOT, G. GIACOMELLI, M. GIORGINI, C. GIRERD, C. GOELLNITZ, T. GOELTZENLICHTER, J. GOLDBERG, D. GOLUBKOV, Y. GORNUSHKIN, J.-N. GRAPTON, G. GRELLA, F. GRIANTI, E. GSCHWENDTNER, C. GUERIN, M. GULER, C. GUSTAVINO, J.-L. GUYONNET, C. HAGNER, T. HAMANE, T. HARA, M. HAUGER, M. HESS, M. HIERHOLZER, K. HOSHINO, M. IEVA, M. INCURVATI, K. JAKOVCIC, J. JANICSKO CSATHY, B. JANUTTA, C. JOLLET, F. JUGET, M. KAZUYAMA, S.H. KIM, N. KHOVANSKY, M. KIMURA, B. KLICEK, J. KNUESEL, K. KODAMA, D. KOLEV, M. KOMATSU, U. KOSE, A. KRASNOPEROV, I. KRESLO, Z. KRUMSTEIN, V.V. KUTSENOV, V.A. KUZNETSOV, I. LAKTINEH, M. LAVY, C. LAZZARO, T.D. LE, T. LE FLOUR, J. LENKEIT, J. LEWIS, S. LIEUNARD, A. LJUBICIC, A. LONGHIN, G. LUTTER, A. MALGIN, K. MANAI, G. MANDRIOLI, A. MAROTTA, J. MARTEAU, G. MARTIN-CHASSARD, V. MATVEEV, N. MAURI, M. MEDDAHI, F. MEISEL, A. MEREGAGLIA, A. MESCHINI, M. MESSINA, P. MIGLIOZZI, P. MONACELLI, I. MONTEIRO, F. MOREAU, K. MORISHIMA, U. MOSER, M.T. MUCIACCIA, P. MUGNIER, N. NAGANAWA, M. NAKAMURA, T. NAKANO, T. NAPOLITANO, V. NIKITINA, K. NIWA, Y. NONOYAMA, A. NOZDRIN, S. OGAWA, A. OLCHEVSKI, D. ORLANDI, G. ORLOVA, V. OSEDLO, D. OSSETSKI, M. PANICCIA, A. PAOLONI, B. D PARK, I.G. PARK, A. PASTORE, L. PATRIZII, L. PELLEGRINO, E. PENNACCHIO, H. PESSARD, V. PILIPENKO, C. PISTILLO, N. POLUKHINA, M. POZZATO, K. PRETZL, P. PUBLICHENKO, F. PUPILLI, L. RAUX, J.P. REPELLIN, R. RESCIGNO, D. RIZHIKOV, T. ROGANOVA, G. ROMANO, G. ROSA, I. ROSTOVTSEVA, A. RUBBIA, J A. RUSSO, V. RYASNY, O. RYAZHSKAYA, A. SADOVSKI, C. SANELLI, O. SATO, Y. SATO, V. SAVELIEV, G. SAZHINA, A. SCHEMBRI, W. SCHMIDT PARZEFALL, H. SCHROEDER, H.U. SCH¨UTZ, J. SCHULER, L. SCOTTO LAVINA, J. SERRANO, H. SHIBUYA, S. SIMONE, M. SIOLI, C. SIRIGNANO, G. SIRRI, J.S. SONG, M. SPINETTI, L. STANCO, N. STARKOV, M. STIPCEVIC, T. STRAUSS, P. STROLIN, V. SUGONYAEV, S. TAKAHASHI, V. TALOCHKIN, M. TENTI, V. TERESCHENKO, F. TERRANOVA, I. TEZUKA, V. TIOUKOV, P. TOLUN, V. TSAREV, R. TSENOV, S. TUFANLI, U. UGOLINO, N. USHIDA, G. VAN BEEK, V. VERGUILOV, T. VIANT, P. VILAIN, M. VLADIMIROV, L. VOTANO, J.L. VUILLEUMIER, T. WAELCHLI, M. WEBER, G. WILQUET, B. WONSAK, J. WURTZ, V. YAKUSHEV, C.S. YOON, Y. ZAITSEV, A. ZGHICHEN, R. ZIMMERMANN, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Particle physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS, FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, neutrino, Particle tracking detectors, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear emulsion, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, ICARUS, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Spectrometers, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hybrid detector, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Hybrid detectors, NEUTRINO DETECTORS, Particle tracking detector, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Physique des particules élémentaires, PARTICLE PHYSICS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, hybrid detectors, particle tracking detectors, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, spectrometers, Supermodule, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment has been designed to prove the appearance of ντ in a nearly pure νμ beam (CNGS) produced at CERN and detected in the underground Hall C of the Gran Sasso Laboratory, 730 km away from the source. In OPERA, τ leptons resulting from the interaction of ντ are produced in target units called bricks made of nuclear emulsion films interleaved with lead plates. The OPERA target contains 150000 of such bricks, for a total mass of 1.25 kton, arranged into walls interleaved with plastic scintillator strips. The detector is split into two identical supermodules, each supermodule containing a target section followed by a magnetic spectrometer for momentum and charge measurement of penetrating particles. Real time information from the scintillators and the spectrometers provide the identification of the bricks where the neutrino interactions occurred. The candidate bricks are extracted from the walls and, after X-ray marking and an exposure to cosmic rays for alignment, their emulsion films are developed and sent to the emulsion scanning laboratories to perform the accurate scan of the event. In this paper, we review the design and construction of the detector and of its related infrastructures, and report on some technical performances of the various components. The construction of the detector started in 2003 and it was completed in Summer 2008. The experiment is presently in the data taking phase. The whole sequence of operations has proven to be successful, from triggering to brick selection, development, scanning and event analysis. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA., 0, P04018, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2009

26. Emulsion sheet doublets as interface trackers for the OPERA experiment

Author

Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Arrabito, L., Autiero, D., Badertscher, A., Bay, F., Greggio, F.Bersani, Bertolin, A., Besnier, M., Bick, D., Bozza, C., Brugiere, T., Brugnera, R., Brunetti, G., Buontempo, S., Carrara, E., Cazes, A., Chaussard, L., Chernyavsky, M., Chiarella, V., Chon-Sen, N., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., Cozzi, M., Cuha, V., Dal Corso, F., D'Amato, G., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., Declais, Y., De Serio, M., Di Capua, F., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dmitrievski, S., Dominjon, A., Dracos, Marcos, Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Ebert, J., Egorov, O., Enikeev, R., Ereditato, Antonio, Esposito, L.S., Favier, J., Felici, G., Ferber, T., Fini, R., Frekers, D., Fukuda, T., Galkin, V.I., Galkin, V.A., Garfagnini, A., Giacomelli, G., Giorgini, M., Goellnitz, C., Goldberg, J., Golubkov, D., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Grianti, F., Guler, M., Gusev, G., Gustavino, C., Hagner, Caren, Hara, T., Hierholzer, M., Hiramatsu, S., Hoshino, Kaoru, Ieva, M., Jakovcic, K., Janicsko Csathy, J., Janutta, B., Jollet, C., Juget, F., Kawai, T., Kazuyama, M., Kim, S.H., Knuesel, J., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laktineh, I., Lazzaro, C., Lenkeit, J., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, Andrea, Lutter, G., Manai, K., Mandrioli, G., Marotta, A., Marteau, J., Matsuo, T., Matsuoka, H., Mauri, N., Meisel, F., Meregaglia, A., Messina, M., Migliozzi, P., Mikado, S., Miyamoto, S., Monacelli, Piero, Morishima, Kunihiro, Moser, U., Muciaccia, Maria Teresa, Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakamura, T., Nakano, T., Nikitina, V., Niwa, K., Nonoyama, Y., Ogawa, S., Osedlo, V., Ossetski, D., Paoloni, A., Park, B.D., Park, I.G., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pennacchio, E., Pessard, H., Pilipenko, V., Pistillo, C., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pretzl, Klaus P., Publichenko, P., Pupilli, F., Roganova, T., Rosa, G., Rostovtseva, I., Rubbia, A., Russo, A., Ryazhskaya, O., Ryzhikov, D., Sato, O., Sato, Y., Saveliev, V., Sazhina, G., Schembri, A., Scotto Lavina, L., Shibuya, H., Simone, S., Sioli, Max, Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Song, J.S., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stipcevic, M., Strauss, T., Strolin, Paolo Emilio, Sugonyaev, V., Taira, Y., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tezuka, I., Tioukov, V., Tolun, P., Tsarev, V., Tufanli, S., Ushida, N., Vilain, P., Vladimirov, M., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J.L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., Wurtz, J., Yoon, C.S., Yoshida, J., Zaitsev, Y., Zemskova, S., Zghiche, Amina, Zimmermann, R., Anokhina, A, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Arrabito, L, Autiero, D, Badertscher, A, Bay, F, Greggio, F, Bertolin, A, Besnier, M, Bick, D, Bozza, C, Brugiere, T, Brugnera, R, Brunetti, G, Buontempo, S, Carrara, E, Cazes, A, Chaussard, L, Chernyavsky, M, Chiarella, V, Chon-Sen, N, Chukanov, A, Consiglio, L, Cozzi, M, Cuha, V, Dal Corso, F, D'Amato, G, D'Ambrosio, N, De Lellis, G, Déclais, Y, De Serio, M, Di Capua, F, Di Ferdinando, D, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dmitrievski, S, Dominjon, A, Dracos, M, Duchesneau, D, Dusini, S, Ebert, J, Egorov, O, Enikeev, R, Ereditato, A, Esposito, L, Favier, J, Felici, G, Ferber, T, Fini, R, Frekers, D, Fukuda, T, Galkin, V, Garfagnini, A, Giacomelli, G, Giorgini, M, Goellnitz, C, Goldberg, J, Golubkov, D, Gornushkin, Y, Grella, G, Grianti, F, Guler, M, Gusev, G, Gustavino, C, Hagner, C, Hara, T, Hierholzer, M, Hiramatsu, S, Hoshino, K, Ieva, M, Jakovcic, K, Janicsko Csathy, J, Janutta, B, Jollet, C, Juget, F, Kawai, T, Kazuyama, M, Kim, S, Knuesel, J, Kodama, K, Komatsu, M, Kose, U, Kreslo, I, Laktineh, I, Lazzaro, C, Lenkeit, J, Ljubicic, A, Longhin, A, Lutter, G, Manai, K, Mandrioli, G, Marotta, A, Marteau, J, Matsuo, T, Matsuoka, H, Mauri, N, Meisel, F, Meregaglia, A, Messina, M, Migliozzi, P, Mikado, S, Miyamoto, S, Monacelli, P, Morishima, K, Moser, U, Muciaccia, M, Naganawa, N, Naka, T, Nakamura, M, Nakamura, T, Nakano, T, Nikitina, V, Niwa, K, Nonoyama, Y, Ogawa, S, Osedlo, V, Ossetski, D, Paoloni, A, Park, B, Park, I, Pastore, A, Patrizii, L, Pennacchio, E, Pessard, H, Pilipenko, V, Pistillo, C, Polukhina, N, Pozzato, M, Pretzl, K, Publichenko, P, Pupilli, F, Roganova, T, Rosa, G, Rostovtseva, I, Rubbia, A, Russo, A, Ryazhskaya, O, Ryzhikov, D, Sato, O, Sato, Y, Saveliev, V, Sazhina, G, Schembri, A, Scotto Lavina, L, Shibuya, H, Simone, S, Sioli, M, Sirignano, C, Sirri, G, Song, J, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Starkov, N, Stipcevic, M, Strauss, T, Strolin, P, Sugonyaev, V, Taira, Y, Takahashi, S, Tenti, M, Terranova, F, Tezuka, I, Tioukov, V, Tolun, P, Tsarev, V, Tufanli, S, Ushida, N, Vilain, P, Vladimirov, M, Votano, L, Vuilleumier, J, Wilquet, G, Wonsak, B, Yoon, C, Yoshida, J, Zaitsev, Y, Zemskova, S, Zghiche, A, Zimmermann, R, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OPERA, A. ANOKHINA, S. AOKI, A. ARIGA, L. ARRABITO, D. AUTIERO, A. BADERTSCHER, F. BAY, F. BERSANI GREGGIO, A. BERTOLIN, M. BESNIER, D. BICK, C. BOZZA, T. BRUGIERE, R. BRUGNERA, G. BRUNETTI, S. BUONTEMPO, E. CARRARA, A. CAZES, L. CHAUSSARD, M. CHERNYAVSKY, V. CHIARELLA, N. CHON-SEN, A. CHUKANOV, L. CONSIGLIO, M. COZZI, V. CUHA, F. DAL CORSO, G. D’AMATO, N. D’AMBROSIO, G. DE LELLIS, Y. DÉCLAIS, M. DE SERIO, F. DI CAPUA, D. DI FERDINANDO, A. DI GIOVANNI, N. DI MARCO, C. DI TROIA, S. DMITRIEVSKI, A. DOMINJON, M. DRACOS, D. DUCHESNEAU, S. DUSINI, J. EBERT, O. EGOROV, R. ENIKEEV, A. EREDITATO, L.S. ESPOSITO, J. FAVIER, G. FELICI, T. FERBER, R. FINI, D. FREKERS, T. FUKUDA, V.I. GALKIN, V.A. GALKIN, A. GARFAGNINI, G. GIACOMELLI, M. GIORGINI, C. GOELLNITZ, J. GOLDBERG, D. GOLUBKOV, Y. GORNUSHKIN, G. GRELLA, F. GRIANTI, M. GULER, G. GUSEV, C. GUSTAVINO, C. HAGNER, T. HARA, M. HIERHOLZER, S. HIRAMATSU, K. HOSHINO, M. IEVA, K. JAKOVCIC, J. JANICSKO CSATHY, B. JANUTTA, C. JOLLET, F. JUGET, T. KAWAI, M. KAZUYAMA, S. H. KIM, J. KNUESEL, K. KODAMA, M. KOMATSU, U. KOSE, I. KRESLO, I. LAKTINEH, C. LAZZARO, J. LENKEIT, A. LJUBICIC, A. LONGHIN, G. LUTTER, K. MANAI, G. MANDRIOLI, A. MAROTTA, J. MARTEAU, T. MATSUO, H. MATSUOKA, N. MAURI, F. MEISEL, A. MEREGAGLIA, M. MESSINA, P. MIGLIOZZI, S. MIKADO, S. MIYAMOTO, P. MONACELLI, K. MORISHIMA, U. MOSER, M.T. MUCIACCIA, N. NAGANAWA, T. NAKA, M. NAKAMURA, T. NAKAMURA, T. NAKANO, V. NIKITINA, K. NIWA, Y. NONOYAMA, S. OGAWA, V. OSEDLO, D. OSSETSKI, A. PAOLONI, B.D. PARK, I.G. PARK, A. PASTORE, L. PATRIZII, E. PENNACCHIO, H. PESSARD, V. PILIPENKO, C. PISTILLO, N. POLUKHINA, M. POZZATO, K. PRETZL, P. PUBLICHENKO, F. PUPILLI, T. ROGANOVA, G. ROSA, I. ROSTOVTSEVA, A. RUBBIA, A. RUSSO, O. RYAZHSKAYA, D. RYZHIKOV, O. SATO, Y. SATO, V. SAVELIEV, G. SAZHINA, A. SCHEMBRI, L. SCOTTO LAVINA, H. SHIBUYA, S. SIMONE, M. SIOLI, C. SIRIGNANO, G. SIRRI, J. S. SONG, M. SPINETTI, L. STANCO, N. STARKOV, M. STIPCEVIC, T. STRAUSS, P. STROLIN, V. SUGONYAEV, Y. TAIRA, S. TAKAHASHI, M. TENTI, F. TERRANOVA, I. TEZUKA, V. TIOUKOV, P. TOLUN, V. TSAREV, S. TUFANLI, N. USHIDA, P. VILAIN, M. VLADIMIROV, L. VOTANO, J.L. VUILLEUMIER, G. WILQUET, B. WONSAK, C. S. YOON, J. YOSHIDA, Y. ZAITSEV, S. ZEMSKOVA, A. ZGHICHE, R. ZIMMERMANN, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Microscope, FISICA DEL NEUTRINO, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, EMULSIONI NUCLEARI, Photographic emulsion, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Interconnection, Detector design and construction technologies and material, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Sample (graphics), Particle tracking detector, Detector alignment and calibration methods (Lasers,Sources,Particle-beams), Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, RIVELATORI IBRIDI, RIVELATORI DI PARTICELLE ELEMENTARI, Neutrino, business
Abstract

New methods for efficient and unambiguous interconnection between electronic counters and target units based on nuclear photographic emulsion films have been developed. The application to the OPERA experiment, that aims at detecting oscillations between mu neutrino and tau neutrino in the CNGS neutrino beam, is reported in this paper. In order to reduce background due to latent tracks collected before installation in the detector, on-site large-scale treatments of the emulsions ("refreshing") have been applied. Changeable Sheet (CSd) packages, each made of a doublet of emulsion films, have been designed, assembled and coupled to the OPERA target units ("ECC bricks"). A device has been built to print X-ray spots for accurate interconnection both within the CSd and between the CSd and the related ECC brick. Sample emulsion films have been extensively scanned with state-of-the-art automated optical microscopes. Efficient track-matching and powerful background rejection have been achieved in tests with electronically tagged penetrating muons. Further improvement of in-doublet film alignment was obtained by matching the pattern of low-energy electron tracks. The commissioning of the overall OPERA alignment procedure is in progress., Comment: 19 pages, 19 figures

Published
2008

27. Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment

Author

A Anokhina, S Aoki, A Ariga, L Arrabito, D Autiero, A Badertscher, F Bay, A Bergnoli, F Bersani Greggio, M Besnier, D Bick, C Bozza, T Brugiere, R Brugnera, G Brunetti, S Buontempo, E Carrara, A Cazes, L Chaussard, M Chernyavsky, V Chiarella, N Chon-Sen, A Chukanov, L Consiglio, M Cozzi, F Dal Corso, G D'Amato, N D'Ambrosio, G De Lellis, Y Déclais, M De Serio, F Di Capua, D Di Ferdinando, A Di Giovanni, N Di Marco, C Di Troia, S Dmitrievski, A Dominjon, M Dracos, D Duchesneau, B Dulach, S Dusini, J Ebert, O Egorov, R Enikeev, A Ereditato, L S Esposito, J Favier, G Felici, T Ferber, R Fini, A Franceschi, T Fukuda, C Fukushima, V I Galkin, V A Galkin, A Garfagnini, G Giacomelli, M Giorgini, C Goellnitz, D Golubkov, Y Gornoushkin, G Grella, F Grianti, M Guler, G Gusev, C Gustavino, C Hagner, T Hara, M Hierholzer, S Hiramatsu, K Hoshino, M Ieva, K Jakovcic, J Janicsko Csathy, B Janutta, C Jollet, F Juget, T Kawai, M Kazuyama, S H Kim, M Kimura, J Knuesel, K Kodama, M Komatsu, U Kose, I Kreslo, I Laktineh, C Lazzaro, J Lenkeit, A Ljubicic, A Longhin, G Lutter, K Manai, G Mandrioli, S Manzoor, A Marotta, J Marteau, H Matsuoka, N Mauri, F Meisel, A Meregaglia, M Messina, P Migliozzi, S Miyamoto, P Monacelli, K Morishima, U Moser, M T Muciaccia, N Naganawa, T Naka, M Nakamura, T Nakamura, T Nakano, V Nikitina, K Niwa, Y Nonoyama, S Ogawa, V Osedlo, D Ossetski, A Paoloni, B D Park, I G Park, A Pastore, L Patrizii, E Pennacchio, H Pessard, C Pistillo, N Polukhina, M Pozzato, K Pretzl, P Publichenko, F Pupilli, T Roganova, G Rosa, I Rostovtseva, A Rubbia, A Russo, O Ryazhskaya, D Ryzhikov, Y Sato, O Sato, V Saveliev, G Sazhina, A Schembri, L Scotto Lavina, H Shibuya, S Simone, M Sioli, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J S Song, M Spinetti, L Stanco, N Starkov, M Stipcevic, T Strauss, P Strolin, V Sugonyaev, Y Taira, S Takahashi, M Tenti, F Terranova, V Tioukov, V Togo, P Tolun, V Tsarev, S Tufanli, N Ushida, C Valieri, P Vilain, M Vladimirov, L Votano, J L Vuilleumier, G Wilquet, B Wonsak, J Wurtz, C S Yoon, J Yoshida, Y Zaitsev, S Zemskova, A Zghiche, R Zimmermann, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OPERA, A. ANOKHINA, S. AOKI, A. ARIGA, L. ARRABITO, D. AUTIERO, A. BADERTSCHER, F. BAY, A. BERGNOLI, F. BERSANI GREGGIO, M. BESNIER, D. BICK, C. BOZZA, T. BRUGIERE, R. BRUGNERA, G. BRUNETTI, S. BUONTEMPO, E. CARRARA, A. CAZES, L. CHAUSSARD, M. CHERNYAVSKY, V. CHIARELLA, N. CHON-SEN, A. CHUKANOV, L. CONSIGLIO, M. COZZI, F. DAL CORSO, G. D’AMATO, N. D’AMBROSIO, G. DE LELLIS, Y. DÉCLAIS, M. DE SERIO, F. DI CAPUA, D. DI FERDINANDO, A. DI GIOVANNI, N. DI MARCO, C. DI TROIA, S. DMITRIEVSKI, A. DOMINJON, M. DRACOS, D. DUCHESNEAU, B. DULACH, S. DUSINI, J. EBERT, O. EGOROV, R. ENIKEEV, A. EREDITATO, L.S. ESPOSITO, J. FAVIER, G. FELICI, T. FERBER, R. FINI, A. FRANCESCHI, T. FUKUDA, C. FUKUSHIMA, V.I. GALKIN, V.A. GALKIN, A. GARFAGNINI, G. GIACOMELLI, M. GIORGINI, C. GOELLNITZ, D. GOLUBKOV, Y. GORNOUSHKIN, G. GRELLA, F. GRIANTI, M. GULER, G. GUSEV, C. GUSTAVINO, C. HAGNER, T. HARA, M. HIERHOLZER, S. HIRAMATSU, K. HOSHINO, M. IEVA, K. JAKOVCIC, J. JANICSKO CSATHY, B. JANUTTA, C. JOLLET, F. JUGET, T. KAWAI, M. KAZUYAMA, S.H. KIM, M. KIMURA, J. KNUESEL, K. KODAMA, M. KOMATSU, U. KOSE, I. KRESLO, I. LAKTINEH, C. LAZZARO, J. LENKEIT, A. LJUBICIC, A. LONGHIN, G. LUTTER, K. MANAI, G. MANDRIOLI, S. MANZOOR, A. MAROTTA, J. MARTEAU, H. MATSUOKA, N. MAURI, F. MEISEL, A. MEREGAGLIA, M. MESSINA, P. MIGLIOZZI, S. MIYAMOTO, P. MONACELLI, K. MORISHIMA, U. MOSER, M.T. MUCIACCIA, N. NAGANAWA, T. NAKA, M. NAKAMURA, T. NAKAMURA, T. NAKANO, V. NIKITINA, K. NIWA, Y. NONOYAMA, S. OGAWA, V. OSEDLO, D. OSSETSKI, A. PAOLONI, B.D. PARK, I.G. PARK, A. PASTORE, L. PATRIZII, E. PENNACCHIO, H. PESSARD, C. PISTILLO, N. POLUKHINA, M. POZZATO, K. PRETZL, P. PUBLICHENKO, F. PUPILLI, T. ROGANOVA, G. ROSA, I. ROSTOVTSEVA, A. RUBBIA, A. RUSSO, O. RYAZHSKAYA, D. RYZHIKOV, Y. SATO, O. SATO, V. SAVELIEV, G. SAZHINA, A. SCHEMBRI, L. SCOTTO LAVINA, H. SHIBUYA, S. SIMONE, M. SIOLI, C. SIRIGNANO, G. SIRRI, J.S. SONG, M. SPINETTI, L. STANCO, N. STARKOV, M. STIPCEVIC, T. STRAUSS, P. STROLIN, V. SUGONYAEV, Y. TAIRA, S. TAKAHASHI, M. TENTI, F. TERRANOVA, V. TIOUKOV, V. TOGO, P. TOLUN, V. TSAREV, S. TUFANLI, N. USHIDA, C. VALIERI, P. VILAIN, M. VLADIMIROV, L. VOTANO, J.L. VUILLEUMIER, G. WILQUET, B. WONSAK, J. WURTZ, C.S. YOON, J. YOSHIDA, Y. ZAITSEV, S. ZEMSKOVA, A. ZGHICHE, R. ZIMMERMANN, DI CAPUA, Francesco, Anokhina, A, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Arrabito, L, Autiero, D, Badertscher, A, Bay, F, Bergnoli, A, Greggio, F. Bersani, Besnier, M, Bick, D, Bozza, C, Brugiere, T, Brugnera, R, Brunetti, G, Buontempo, S, Carrara, E, Cazes, A, Chaussard, L, Chernyavsky, M, Chiarella, V, Chon Sen, N, Chukanov, A, Consiglio, L, Cozzi, M, Corso, F. Dal, D'Amato, G, D'Ambrosio, N, Lellis, G. De, Déclais, Y, Serio, M. De, Ferdinando, D. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Marco, N. Di, Troia, C. Di, Dmitrievski, S, Dominjon, A, Dracos, M, Duchesneau, D, Dulach, B, Dusini, S, Ebert, J, Egorov, O, Enikeev, R, Ereditato, A, Esposito, L. S, Favier, J, Felici, G, Ferber, T, Fini, R, Franceschi, A, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, C, Galkin, V. I, Galkin, V. A, Garfagnini, A, Giacomelli, G, Giorgini, M, Goellnitz, C, Golubkov, D, Gornoushkin, Y, Grella, G, Grianti, F, Guler, M, Gusev, G, Gustavino, C, Hagner, C, Hara, T, Hierholzer, M, Hiramatsu, S, Hoshino, K, Ieva, M, Jakovcic, K, Csathy, J. Janicsko, Janutta, B, Jollet, C, Juget, F, Kawai, T, Kazuyama, M, Kim, S. H, Kimura, M, Knuesel, J, Kodama, K, Komatsu, M, Kose, U, Kreslo, I, Laktineh, I, Lazzaro, C, Lenkeit, J, Ljubicic, A, Longhin, A, Lutter, G, Manai, K, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Marotta, A, Marteau, J, Matsuoka, H, Mauri, N, Meisel, F, Meregaglia, A, Messina, M, Migliozzi, P, Miyamoto, S, Monacelli, P, Morishima, K, Moser, U, Muciaccia, M. T, Naganawa, N, Naka, T, Nakamura, M, Nakamura, T, Nakano, T, Nikitina, V, Niwa, K, Nonoyama, Y, Ogawa, S, Osedlo, V, Ossetski, D, Paoloni, A, Park, B. D, Park, I. G, Pastore, A, Patrizii, L, Pennacchio, E, Pessard, H, Pistillo, C, Polukhina, N, Pozzato, M, Pretzl, K, Publichenko, P, Pupilli, F, Roganova, T, Rosa, G, Rostovtseva, I, Rubbia, A, Russo, A, Ryazhskaya, O, Ryzhikov, D, Sato, Y, Sato, O, Saveliev, V, Sazhina, G, Schembri, A, Lavina, L. Scotto, Shibuya, H, Simone, S, Sioli, M, Sirignano, C, Sirri, G, Song, J. S, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Starkov, N, Stipcevic, M, Strauss, T, Strolin, P, Sugonyaev, V, Taira, Y, Takahashi, S, Tenti, M, Terranova, F, Tioukov, V, Togo, V, Tolun, P, Tsarev, V, Tufanli, S, Ushida, N, Valieri, C, Vilain, P, Vladimirov, M, Votano, L, Vuilleumier, J. L, Wilquet, G, Wonsak, B, Wurtz, J, Yoon, C. S, Yoshida, J, Zaitsev, Y, Zemskova, S, Zghiche, A, Zimmermann, R., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Bersani Greggio, F, Chon-Sen, N, Dal Corso, F, De Lellis, G, De Serio, M, Di Capua, F, Di Ferdinando, D, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Esposito, L, Galkin, V, Janicsko Csathy, J, Kim, S, Muciaccia, M, Park, B, Park, I, Scotto Lavina, L, Song, J, Vuilleumier, J, Yoon, C, and Zimmermann, R

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, RIVELATORI DI PARTICELLE, FISICA DEL NEUTRINO, FOS: Physical sciences, Particle identification methods, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Particle identification method, law, Particle tracking detectors, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear emulsion, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Lead (electronics), Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hybrid detector, RADIOATTIVITÀ NATURALE DI BASSO LIVELLO, Detector, Hybrid detectors, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Particle tracking detector, 3. Good health, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Emulsion, RIVELATORI IBRIDI, Neutrino, Cloud chamber
Abstract

The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures

Published
2008

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