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Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment

Authors :
A Anokhina
S Aoki
A Ariga
L Arrabito
D Autiero
A Badertscher
F Bay
A Bergnoli
F Bersani Greggio
M Besnier
D Bick
C Bozza
T Brugiere
R Brugnera
G Brunetti
S Buontempo
E Carrara
A Cazes
L Chaussard
M Chernyavsky
V Chiarella
N Chon-Sen
A Chukanov
L Consiglio
M Cozzi
F Dal Corso
G D'Amato
N D'Ambrosio
G De Lellis
Y Déclais
M De Serio
F Di Capua
D Di Ferdinando
A Di Giovanni
N Di Marco
C Di Troia
S Dmitrievski
A Dominjon
M Dracos
D Duchesneau
B Dulach
S Dusini
J Ebert
O Egorov
R Enikeev
A Ereditato
L S Esposito
J Favier
G Felici
T Ferber
R Fini
A Franceschi
T Fukuda
C Fukushima
V I Galkin
V A Galkin
A Garfagnini
G Giacomelli
M Giorgini
C Goellnitz
D Golubkov
Y Gornoushkin
G Grella
F Grianti
M Guler
G Gusev
C Gustavino
C Hagner
T Hara
M Hierholzer
S Hiramatsu
K Hoshino
M Ieva
K Jakovcic
J Janicsko Csathy
B Janutta
C Jollet
F Juget
T Kawai
M Kazuyama
S H Kim
M Kimura
J Knuesel
K Kodama
M Komatsu
U Kose
I Kreslo
I Laktineh
C Lazzaro
J Lenkeit
A Ljubicic
A Longhin
G Lutter
K Manai
G Mandrioli
S Manzoor
A Marotta
J Marteau
H Matsuoka
N Mauri
F Meisel
A Meregaglia
M Messina
P Migliozzi
S Miyamoto
P Monacelli
K Morishima
U Moser
M T Muciaccia
N Naganawa
T Naka
M Nakamura
T Nakamura
T Nakano
V Nikitina
K Niwa
Y Nonoyama
S Ogawa
V Osedlo
D Ossetski
A Paoloni
B D Park
I G Park
A Pastore
L Patrizii
E Pennacchio
H Pessard
C Pistillo
N Polukhina
M Pozzato
K Pretzl
P Publichenko
F Pupilli
T Roganova
G Rosa
I Rostovtseva
A Rubbia
A Russo
O Ryazhskaya
D Ryzhikov
Y Sato
O Sato
V Saveliev
G Sazhina
A Schembri
L Scotto Lavina
H Shibuya
S Simone
M Sioli
C Sirignano
G Sirri
J S Song
M Spinetti
L Stanco
N Starkov
M Stipcevic
T Strauss
P Strolin
V Sugonyaev
Y Taira
S Takahashi
M Tenti
F Terranova
V Tioukov
V Togo
P Tolun
V Tsarev
S Tufanli
N Ushida
C Valieri
P Vilain
M Vladimirov
L Votano
J L Vuilleumier
G Wilquet
B Wonsak
J Wurtz
C S Yoon
J Yoshida
Y Zaitsev
S Zemskova
A Zghiche
R Zimmermann
Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP)
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC)
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
OPERA
A. ANOKHINA
S. AOKI
A. ARIGA
L. ARRABITO
D. AUTIERO
A. BADERTSCHER
F. BAY
A. BERGNOLI
F. BERSANI GREGGIO
M. BESNIER
D. BICK
C. BOZZA
T. BRUGIERE
R. BRUGNERA
G. BRUNETTI
S. BUONTEMPO
E. CARRARA
A. CAZES
L. CHAUSSARD
M. CHERNYAVSKY
V. CHIARELLA
N. CHON-SEN
A. CHUKANOV
L. CONSIGLIO
M. COZZI
F. DAL CORSO
G. D’AMATO
N. D’AMBROSIO
G. DE LELLIS
Y. DÉCLAIS
M. DE SERIO
F. DI CAPUA
D. DI FERDINANDO
A. DI GIOVANNI
N. DI MARCO
C. DI TROIA
S. DMITRIEVSKI
A. DOMINJON
M. DRACOS
D. DUCHESNEAU
B. DULACH
S. DUSINI
J. EBERT
O. EGOROV
R. ENIKEEV
A. EREDITATO
L.S. ESPOSITO
J. FAVIER
G. FELICI
T. FERBER
R. FINI
A. FRANCESCHI
T. FUKUDA
C. FUKUSHIMA
V.I. GALKIN
V.A. GALKIN
A. GARFAGNINI
G. GIACOMELLI
M. GIORGINI
C. GOELLNITZ
D. GOLUBKOV
Y. GORNOUSHKIN
G. GRELLA
F. GRIANTI
M. GULER
G. GUSEV
C. GUSTAVINO
C. HAGNER
T. HARA
M. HIERHOLZER
S. HIRAMATSU
K. HOSHINO
M. IEVA
K. JAKOVCIC
J. JANICSKO CSATHY
B. JANUTTA
C. JOLLET
F. JUGET
T. KAWAI
M. KAZUYAMA
S.H. KIM
M. KIMURA
J. KNUESEL
K. KODAMA
M. KOMATSU
U. KOSE
I. KRESLO
I. LAKTINEH
C. LAZZARO
J. LENKEIT
A. LJUBICIC
A. LONGHIN
G. LUTTER
K. MANAI
G. MANDRIOLI
S. MANZOOR
A. MAROTTA
J. MARTEAU
H. MATSUOKA
N. MAURI
F. MEISEL
A. MEREGAGLIA
M. MESSINA
P. MIGLIOZZI
S. MIYAMOTO
P. MONACELLI
K. MORISHIMA
U. MOSER
M.T. MUCIACCIA
N. NAGANAWA
T. NAKA
M. NAKAMURA
T. NAKAMURA
T. NAKANO
V. NIKITINA
K. NIWA
Y. NONOYAMA
S. OGAWA
V. OSEDLO
D. OSSETSKI
A. PAOLONI
B.D. PARK
I.G. PARK
A. PASTORE
L. PATRIZII
E. PENNACCHIO
H. PESSARD
C. PISTILLO
N. POLUKHINA
M. POZZATO
K. PRETZL
P. PUBLICHENKO
F. PUPILLI
T. ROGANOVA
G. ROSA
I. ROSTOVTSEVA
A. RUBBIA
A. RUSSO
O. RYAZHSKAYA
D. RYZHIKOV
Y. SATO
O. SATO
V. SAVELIEV
G. SAZHINA
A. SCHEMBRI
L. SCOTTO LAVINA
H. SHIBUYA
S. SIMONE
M. SIOLI
C. SIRIGNANO
G. SIRRI
J.S. SONG
M. SPINETTI
L. STANCO
N. STARKOV
M. STIPCEVIC
T. STRAUSS
P. STROLIN
V. SUGONYAEV
Y. TAIRA
S. TAKAHASHI
M. TENTI
F. TERRANOVA
V. TIOUKOV
V. TOGO
P. TOLUN
V. TSAREV
S. TUFANLI
N. USHIDA
C. VALIERI
P. VILAIN
M. VLADIMIROV
L. VOTANO
J.L. VUILLEUMIER
G. WILQUET
B. WONSAK
J. WURTZ
C.S. YOON
J. YOSHIDA
Y. ZAITSEV
S. ZEMSKOVA
A. ZGHICHE
R. ZIMMERMANN
DI CAPUA, Francesco
Anokhina, A
Aoki, S
Ariga, A
Arrabito, L
Autiero, D
Badertscher, A
Bay, F
Bergnoli, A
Greggio, F. Bersani
Besnier, M
Bick, D
Bozza, C
Brugiere, T
Brugnera, R
Brunetti, G
Buontempo, S
Carrara, E
Cazes, A
Chaussard, L
Chernyavsky, M
Chiarella, V
Chon Sen, N
Chukanov, A
Consiglio, L
Cozzi, M
Corso, F. Dal
D'Amato, G
D'Ambrosio, N
Lellis, G. De
Déclais, Y
Serio, M. De
Ferdinando, D. Di
Giovanni, A. Di
Marco, N. Di
Troia, C. Di
Dmitrievski, S
Dominjon, A
Dracos, M
Duchesneau, D
Dulach, B
Dusini, S
Ebert, J
Egorov, O
Enikeev, R
Ereditato, A
Esposito, L. S
Favier, J
Felici, G
Ferber, T
Fini, R
Franceschi, A
Fukuda, T
Fukushima, C
Galkin, V. I
Galkin, V. A
Garfagnini, A
Giacomelli, G
Giorgini, M
Goellnitz, C
Golubkov, D
Gornoushkin, Y
Grella, G
Grianti, F
Guler, M
Gusev, G
Gustavino, C
Hagner, C
Hara, T
Hierholzer, M
Hiramatsu, S
Hoshino, K
Ieva, M
Jakovcic, K
Csathy, J. Janicsko
Janutta, B
Jollet, C
Juget, F
Kawai, T
Kazuyama, M
Kim, S. H
Kimura, M
Knuesel, J
Kodama, K
Komatsu, M
Kose, U
Kreslo, I
Laktineh, I
Lazzaro, C
Lenkeit, J
Ljubicic, A
Longhin, A
Lutter, G
Manai, K
Mandrioli, G
Manzoor, S
Marotta, A
Marteau, J
Matsuoka, H
Mauri, N
Meisel, F
Meregaglia, A
Messina, M
Migliozzi, P
Miyamoto, S
Monacelli, P
Morishima, K
Moser, U
Muciaccia, M. T
Naganawa, N
Naka, T
Nakamura, M
Nakamura, T
Nakano, T
Nikitina, V
Niwa, K
Nonoyama, Y
Ogawa, S
Osedlo, V
Ossetski, D
Paoloni, A
Park, B. D
Park, I. G
Pastore, A
Patrizii, L
Pennacchio, E
Pessard, H
Pistillo, C
Polukhina, N
Pozzato, M
Pretzl, K
Publichenko, P
Pupilli, F
Roganova, T
Rosa, G
Rostovtseva, I
Rubbia, A
Russo, A
Ryazhskaya, O
Ryzhikov, D
Sato, Y
Sato, O
Saveliev, V
Sazhina, G
Schembri, A
Lavina, L. Scotto
Shibuya, H
Simone, S
Sioli, M
Sirignano, C
Sirri, G
Song, J. S
Spinetti, M
Stanco, L
Starkov, N
Stipcevic, M
Strauss, T
Strolin, P
Sugonyaev, V
Taira, Y
Takahashi, S
Tenti, M
Terranova, F
Tioukov, V
Togo, V
Tolun, P
Tsarev, V
Tufanli, S
Ushida, N
Valieri, C
Vilain, P
Vladimirov, M
Votano, L
Vuilleumier, J. L
Wilquet, G
Wonsak, B
Wurtz, J
Yoon, C. S
Yoshida, J
Zaitsev, Y
Zemskova, S
Zghiche, A
Zimmermann, R.
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Bersani Greggio, F
Chon-Sen, N
Dal Corso, F
De Lellis, G
De Serio, M
Di Capua, F
Di Ferdinando, D
Di Giovanni, A
Di Marco, N
Di Troia, C
Esposito, L
Galkin, V
Janicsko Csathy, J
Kim, S
Muciaccia, M
Park, B
Park, I
Scotto Lavina, L
Song, J
Vuilleumier, J
Yoon, C
Zimmermann, R
Source :
Journal of Instrumentation, Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, 2008, 3, pp.P07002. ⟨10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002⟩
Publication Year :
2008
Publisher :
HAL CCSD, 2008.

Abstract

The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.<br />Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
17480221
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Journal of Instrumentation, Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, 2008, 3, pp.P07002. ⟨10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002⟩
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....7c8c8b9bfa6a490c74f1229cef4a9900