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Ensuring the preventive anti-plague vaccination and the rational use of immunoprophylaxis means entail an adequate and timely assessment of their effectiveness. In the absence of mass cases of plague, it is impossible to objectively assess the actual (epidemiological) effectiveness of anti-plague vaccination means and methods, therefore, the analysis of efficacy shifts towards studying individual indicators of the immune response to the introduction of a vaccine, and the immunological efficacy of vaccination becomes a key factor that ultimately ensures its epidemiological effect. The aim of the work – as part of a comprehensive evaluation – was to determine the nature of individual immune response and characterize the group immune responsiveness of persons vaccinated against plague in order to build up a methodology for individual and group adjustment of the anti-plague vaccination regimen. Materials and methods. We used an array of information data obtained during monitoring of post-vaccination immunity in individuals immunized with live plague vaccine (LPV), presented in the form of a database. To analyze diseases in the post-vaccination period among the vaccinated population, a five-year retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the incidence of acute and exacerbation of chronic diseases in people vaccinated and not vaccinated against plague. Results and discussion. Persons vaccinated against plague were ranked according to the level of immune responsiveness. The nature of individual immune response was revealed and the group immunoreactivity of vaccinated individuals was characterized. The possibility of predicting the intensity of the immune response to vaccination has been determined. The frequency of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in individuals annually vaccinated against plague has been assessed. As a result of the distribution of vaccinated individuals according to the level of immune responsiveness and taking into account AEFI, the possibility of forecasting the individual and group immunoreactivity of vaccinated individuals has been determined to justify timely correction of the LPV administration regimen.

Long-term surgical treatment outcomes in children with congenital hip dislocation can be various and depend on many factors, including the age in time of surgery. The quality of life assessment systems are modern tools to study the effectiveness of previous treatment, as well as to plan subsequent comprehensive rehabilitation. Material and methods. The study included 68 children divided into the groups according to the age of the primary surgical intervention. There were three groups: group 1 – 21 patients under 1.5 years, group 2 – 22 children aged 1.5–4-years, group 3 – 25 children over 4 years. Objective medical assessment of the clinical outcomes was carried out with the McKay’s criteria. The PedsQL4.0 questionnaire, pediatric and parental forms were used to assess the patients’ quality of life. Results. The majority of children in the 1st age group had excellent results (52.3%), in the 2nd and 3rd groups there were fewer such results (40.9 and 32 %, respectively). Having analyzed the data of the questionnaires for children and their caregivers we found that the both categories from group 3 demonstrated the lowest quality of life parameters. Conclusions. The frequency of consequences such as discomfort, limping, limb length discrepancy was also higher in children underwent surgery at the age of over 4 years old. It correlates with the questionnaire results and demonstrates a lower quality of life in children from group 3.

Funnel-shaped deformity of the chest is a serious disease with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Pathological changes occurring in the cartilaginous tissue of the ribs are one of the leading mechanisms for the development of chest curvature. Analysis of the phenotypic features of cells isolated from the site of localization of the pathological process will create a more complete picture of the deformation development.Aim of the study was to identify the phenotype of rib cartilage cells in funnel-shaped deformation of the thorax.Material and methods. Rib cartilage cells of children with funnel-shaped chest deformity were cultured up to the 2–3rd passage, then were identified by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods.Results and discussion. The study revealed cells of two different phenotypes. The first type is oval and polygonal chondroblasts expressing a marker of chondrogenic differentiation. The second type is the cells of the neural phenotype with the expression of early neural markers Musashi1 and PAX6 and the neurospecific protein III β-tubulin, as well as the substance Nissl.Conclusions. The analysis of the phenotypic features of rib cartilage cells with funnel-shaped curvature of the chest allowed us to expand the idea of a possible etiological factor in the deformation development.

An important area of research concerns monitoring of immune response features in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as their analysis, as compared with characteristics of vaccine-mediated protection, in order to specify the determinants of cellular immune response. The aim of our work was to compare the state of cellular immune response in patients who underwent COVID-19, and in persons vaccinated with a peptide vaccine preparation. The study involved volunteers who suffered with COVID-19 of varying severity (n = 30), as well as persons who completed the full course of vaccination with the peptide vaccine (n = 27). For comparison, we took blood specimens from the volunteers before vaccination. Immunophenotyping of leukocytes was performed by the Lyse/No-Wash procedure (BD Bioscience, USA), and Cyto-Stat monoclonal antibodies (CD45-FITC, CD4-PE, CD8-ECD, CD3-PC5), CD45RA-PC7, CD45RO-PE (Beckman Coulter, USA), and analyzed with a DakoCytomation flow cytometer (Denmark). Determination of intracellular IFNγ (CD4+IFNγ+) was performed with the standard technique. Cytokine production was determined using reagent kits for detection of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 (Vector-Best JSC, Russia) with automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer LAZURIT (Dynex Technologies, USA). As based on the results obtained, we have shown that cellular immunity was developed after vaccination and infection with COVID-19. However, the most pronounced immune response was recorded in the COVID-19 reconvalescents, i.e., more than 60% of these patients showed an increased number of CD4+T-memory helper cells (8.7 (0.5-12.1) % versus 0.3 (0.1-0.5) % in the comparison group, p < 0.05) as well as proportion of CD4+IFNγ+T lymphocytes (4.2 (1.8-4.3) % versus 0.4 (0-0.8) % in the comparison group, p < 0.05). Moreover, we revealed an increased functional reserve of cells in terms of TNFα, IL-8, IL-10 production. One month after vaccination of volunteers with the peptide-based preparation, the total pool of memory T lymphocytes was apparently dominated by CD8+T memory cells (CD45+CD8+CD45RA-CD45RO+). A significant increase was found in the average levels of CD4+IFNγ+ activated cells (8.2-fold), as well as in values of ConA-induced IL-4 production (3.3 (1.1-4.5) pg/mL, and 2.8 (1.7-3.9) pg/mL, respectively versus 1.3 (0.1-2.4) pg/mL in the control group, p < 0.05). The data obtained are in accordance with information available in the literature concerning development of cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which results from a past illness, or measures for the specific prevention of COVID-19. Further search for cellular correlates of protection against a new coronavirus infection will allow us to revise the current vaccination strategy and develop an optimal approach to COVID-19 prevention.

Tyrosine protein phosphatase (common leukocyte antigen CD45) regulates FcᵧR-mediated cell signaling and secretory function of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) when interacting with antigen-antibody immune complexes. The aim of the work is to study changes in the expression of CD45 on the surface of human granulocytes in ex vivo modeling of bacteremia by live cells of the plague microbe vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG and to evaluate the priming effect of the live plague vaccine (LPV) in vivo in terms of this parameter. The expression density of CD45 on NG was determined by flow cytometry in conventional units of fluorescence intensity (MFI) after staining the cells with the CD45-FITC labeled mouse antibody reagent (Backman Coulter, USA) during immunophenotyping of blood leukocytes according to the Lyse/No Wash protocol. In donors not previously vaccinated against plague (group 1), the value of the indicator was assessed before and 30 min, 2 h, 6 h after the addition of Y pestis EV cells to whole blood at a dose of 108 mc/ml, as well as 1 month and 6 months after the primary anti-plague vaccination. In individuals who had previously been repeatedly vaccinated with LPV in the territory of the natural plague focus (group 2), CD45 expression on blood granulocytes was determined one year after the last annual vaccination, and then 1 month and 6 months after revaccination. Getting into human blood, living cells of the vaccine strain Y pestis EV of the plague microbe induced a change in the NC phenotype already after 30 minutes, associated with a 3.5-fold increase in the surface expression of CD45, which remained at an elevated level for 6 hours. The studied indicator depended ex vivo on the degree of resistance of plague microbes to phagocytosis and killing of NG. Plague vaccination had a similar stimulating effect on human peripheral blood NG in vivo. Under the influence of HPV, CD45 expression increased on blood NG in groups 1 and 2 one month after vaccination, and the changes persisted in volunteers for 6 months. The experimental data obtained in the work may reflect the result of NG priming with lipopolysaccharide and other Y. pestis antigens. The registered functional activation of NG by expression of tyrosine protein phosphatase probably indicates the formation of “immune memory” at the level of innate immunity cells under the influence of LPV, the functioning of which explains the development of a faster and more intense antigen-specific immune response to repeated introduction of the plague vaccine into the body.

The neural crest has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists and, more recently, clinical specialists, as research in recent decades has significantly expanded the boundaries of knowledge about the involvement of neural crest and neural crest cells in the development of human pathology. The neural crest and neural crest cells are a unique evolutionarily based embryonic structure. Its discovery completely changed the view of the process of embryogenesis. Knowledge of neural crest development sheds light on many of the most «established» questions of developmental biology and evolution. Our article will reflect on the historical stages of the discovery and study of the neural crest and the impact of this discovery on entrenched ideas about germ layer specificity and the theory of germ layers – the reasoning of the neural crest as the fourth germ layer. The aim of this review is to describe the history of the discovery and study of neural crest and neural crest cells based on an analysis of the literature. In writing this article, an analysis of the scientific literature was conducted using the search terms «neural crest», «neural crest cells», «neural crest cell morphology», «germinal layers» and «embryonic development» in the computer databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary. The depth of the analytical search corresponds to the period of the discovery of the neural crest and the first mention of the neural crest as an embryonic morphological structure in the scientific literature. The information presented confirms the high interest of research scientists and clinical specialists in the study of neural crest and neural crest cells. The involvement of neural crest cells in the formation of somatic and musculoskeletal pathologies has received particular attention in recent decades. The literature sources are represented by 169 full-text manuscripts and monographs mainly in English. Conclusions. Neural crest and neural crest cells are unique evolutionary structures. Regularities of formation, reasons which condition migration, differentiation, interaction of neural crest cells with other structures during embryogenesis as well as their potential, which is realized in postnatal period, continue to be the subject of research up to now.

Relevance. As part of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well­-being, in the territory of natural plague foci of the Russian Federation, according to epidemiological indications, the population is vaccinated against this infection. The lack of a unified scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination dictates the need to develop universal express methods that allow screening studies of anti­-plague immunity, including in the field.Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of the express method for the direct detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis in biological material using microstructural glass waveguides with a hollow core (MGW HC) as immunosensors in studying the dynamics of seroconversion in people vaccinated with the plague live people.Materials and methods. In the study, blood serum samples were taken from 30 individuals vaccinated according to epidemic indications with the live plague vaccine (PLV) and 30 volunteers who were not vaccinated and did not have a history of contact with the plague agent.Results. An assessment was made of the possibility of using the method of direct detection of antibodies using MGW HC at different time intervals according to the receipt of blood sera in the framework of monitoring vaccinated individuals from among the inhabitants of the Caspian sandy natural plague focus. The presence of specific antibodies to the F1 protein in the blood serum of vaccinated volunteers was revealed both with the help of ELISA and with the use of MGW HC. The speed of the method of direct detection of antibodies (maximum 2 minutes per test), the absence of the need to use species­specific secondary antibodies, enzymes and substrates and additional costs for laborious sample preparation were noted.Conclusions. The method of direct detection of antibodies using glass microstructural waveguides is promising for introduction into the list of express methods for assessing the immunological effectiveness of anti­plague vaccination.

Relevance. The search for informative markers for assessing the immunological efficacy of a live plague vaccine remains an urgent scientific task. The goal of the studyAims was to make a comparative assessment of the level helper T-cells activation by CD69 and HLA-DR markers, in people, vaccinated against plague, in an in vitro test, using the disintegrated by ultrasonic Y. pestis cells, grown at temperature 28 °C as a specific stimulator.Materials & Methods. A cytofluorimetric analysis of blood samples of 45 individuals vaccinated against the plague was carried out. The dependence of the result of cytological analysis of the two studied cell markers on the immunoregulatory index (IRI) of the vaccinated donor at the time of vaccination was revealed.Results. It was found that for newly vaccinated individuals, the T-helpers were more intensive and prolonged by the early activation marker, while for those revaccinated with the immunoregulatory index, at the time of vaccination more than 1.5, the more intense cellular response was by the late activation marker.Conclusions. Thus, the possibility of quantitative evaluation of the immunological efficacy of vaccination against plague, based on the identification of lymphocyte activation markers when stimulated with a specific antigen, is confirmed.

According to current statistics worldwide, congenital orthopedic pathologies rank second quantitatively after congenital diseases of the nervous system. Congenital dislocation of the hip is one of the most common and severe pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents. The theories of its development and etiological factors are not only of historical interest but also create prerequisites for determining the true cause of this complex process. The problem of predicting the development of hip dysplasia remains relevant. The practical significance lies in determining the etiological factor (predisposing or risk factors) of the disease onset or manifestation. Analysis of the literature suggests that hip dysplasia is based on a genetic substrate as an etiological factor. Predisposing factors only increase the risk of pathology manifestation. Further studies to determine the etiological factor will make it possible to formulate more specific recommendations for the management of patients with hip dysplasia and possibly expand the methods of prevention and conservative treatment.

Introduction. Disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients correlates with the relative content in the blood of a specific low-density neutrophilic granulocyte (NG) population, whose cells are characterized by reduced granularity, high heterogeneity in the expression of FcᵧRIIIb (CD16) and a tendency to spontaneous autolysis (netosis).The aim of the study was to compare the intensity of NG degranulation and the FcᵧRIIIb expression by these cells in blood of patients with COVID-19 and convalescents.Materials and methods. The blood leukocytes of 40 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 33 convalescents and 20 healthy donors (control) were examined using flow cytometry. To identify NG (CD16+-granulocytes) and to assess the surface expression of the netosis molecular trigger (FcᵧRIIIb), a single-color reagent of labeled monoclonal antibodies CD16-FITC was used. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed using two four-color reagents. In addition, cell debris content was determined in each Lyse/No-Wash-stained whole blood sample. The presence of neutrophils at the stage of netosis was confirmed by microscopy. Cytokine production was determined on an automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer.Results. Against the background of characteristic changes in the lymphocyte subpopulation composition and cytokine production, in blood of COVID-19 patients with acute pneumonia, hypoxia and tachycardia a more intense degranulation of NG (2.6 times), higher degree of CD16 expression heterogeneity (1.8 times) and an increased leukocytolysis intensity (1.6 times) were observed compared to convalescents who have undergone severe and moderate forms of the disease. In convalescents, the degree of differences of these indicators compared to control values varied in concordance with the disease severity.Conclusion. The nature of changes in the parameters studied in COVID-19 patients in the acute phase of the disease and during the period of convalescence confirms the possible mechanism of the development of complications due to an imbalance between the activity of elastase released from NG granules and its plasma inhibitor α1 -antitrypsin.

The subject of this article is the norms of contemporary Russian law. The purpose of the article is the author's vision of the problem concerning the structure of the norms of contemporary Russian law. The following tasks were solved to achieve this goal: 1) to show the importance of the structure of the rule of law; 2) to analyze the arguments of both supporters and opponents of the three-tier structure of the logical rule of law; 3) substantiate the two-tier structure of prescriptive norms; 4) determine the status of specialized legal norms and their types; 5) to substantiate the author's vision of specialized legal norms.The author uses a system of methods such as: general philosophical (dialectical-materialistic), general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.), special (philological, etc.), private scientific (formal-dogmatic, interpretation, etc.) methods. Conclusions. The author is not a supporter of the three-tier structure of the logical norm of law. It seems that theory and legal practice should focus on the structure of norms-prescriptions (regulatory and protective), respectively highlighting the hypothesis and disposition and the hypothesis and sanction. As for the specialized norms of law (declarative, norm-principles, definitive, operational), they include such structural components as a supposed hypothesis and a real disposition. Conflict norms as a kind of specialized norms include a real hypothesis and a real disposition.

Relevance. The widespread use of information technologies, both when creating a database based on the results of immunological monitoring of persons vaccinated with the live plague vaccine, and for predicting the effectiveness of measures for specific prevention of plague in a specific territory, is aimed at ensuring epidemiological surveillance of plague in the territories of natural foci of infection. The aim of the work was to analyze the application of the created replenished database, which allows accumulating, archiving and systematizing the results of immunological monitoring of persons vaccinated against plague for informational support of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of plague in the territories of natural foci of infection.Materials and methods. The database included the results of a prospective cohort observational study. The database was created on the Microsoft Access 8.0 platform, an interactive software development environment for Visual Basic 6.0 with VB (Visual Basic) and / or SQL (structured query language) queries. To store the data, TXT files connected to the database were used.Results. Permanent (region of residence, age, sex, blood group, genovariants of the human leukocyte antigen HLA) and variable (indicators of cellular and humoral immunity) parameters obtained as a result of long-term immunological monitoring of persons vaccinated with the live plague vaccine according to epidemic indications have been archived. Using the information support of the Database, an assessment of the state of anti-plague immunity was carried out and screening indicators of the immune status of the contingent at risk were determined, characterizing the individual response to vaccination.Conclusions. The introduction of information technologies, which are the basis for multifactorial risk management of vaccine prevention, based on the use of modern databases for collecting, storing and analyzing data, makes it possible to make management decisions to optimize the volume and timing of measures for specific prevention of plague in the territories of natural foci of infection and in institutions that ensure the implementation of work with pathogens of especially dangerous infections.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG on the process of neutrophil extracellular traps formation in vivo when modeling plague infection and assess their contribution to antiplague protection.Materials and methods. BALB/c mice, which were immunized subcutaneously with the Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain, were used in the study. Animals were infected with a virulent strain Y. pestis 231 at a dose of 20 LD50 (103 CFU). To evaluate the contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to antibacterial protection, an experimental model was used based on fermenting NETs in the abdominal cavity of mice with nuclease. To calculate the number of NETs in peritoneal exudate (PE) fluorescent microscopy was applied. Phagocytic activity of PE cells was determined by flow cytometry. Bactericidal effect of NETs was recorded using bacteriological method.Results and discussion. In pre-immunized mice, the process of NETs formation in response to the reintroduction of plague microbe living cells was 5 times more intense than in intact animals and was accompanied by a significant increase in the killing of Y. pestis cells in PE. The use of micrococcus nuclease in the experiment for fermentation of the NETs, produced in the body of immunized animals, provided evidence of NET participation in conferring anti-infective protection against plague infection. Thus, the established fact of the NET formation in case of Y. pestis infection of mice immunized with Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain and the influence of this process on the effectiveness of protection against plague is the basis for further clarifying the immunopathogenetic role of neutrophil granulocytes in plague.

Abstract. Objective of the work was to conduct a comparative assessment of the immune-modulating effect of the combined use of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain with Polyoxidonium and Ingaron preparations on a BALB/c mouse model.Materials and methods. Mice of the BALB/c line were immunized subcutaneously with Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG culture at a dose of 2.5 104 m.c. (1st group), in combination with Ingaron at a dose of 150 IU (2nd group) or with Polyoxidonium at a dose of 4 мg (3rd group), the 4th group is intact mice. On days 3, 7, 21 and 90 after immunization, the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes, the production of mediators of the cellular response (INF-ɣ and IL-10), the titers of specific antibodies to the capsular antigen of plague microbe (F1), the nuclear apparatus of lymphocytes, and the nature of histological changes in the organs of mice were determined. Characterization of immunogenic (protective) activity of the combined use of Y. pestis EV NIIEG with immune-modulators against Y. pestis 231 in experiments on BALB/c mice was performed on the 21st day after immunization through determining the number of dead animals and their average life expectancy.Results and discussion. The combined administration of Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain with Polyoxidonium or Ingaron to experimental animals allowed us to establish differences in the response of the immune system of biomodels, due to the mechanism of action of a specific immune-modulator. It has been established that both Polyoxidonium and Ingaron combined with Y. pestis EV NIIEG enhance the response of immune-competent cells in experimental animals, contribute to the activation of the humoral response and the production of mediators of the cellular response, do not have a damaging effect on the tissue of the macroorganism. At the same time, the efficacy of using combined vaccination of Y. pestis EV NIIEG with immune-modulators in the inoculation test is confirmed for Polyoxidonium only.

Purpose of the study. To demonstrate the difficulties of objective interpretation of providing medical care to patients with critical limb ischemia.Materials and methods. The results of treatment of more than 29 thousand patients of one of the highly specialized medical organizations of St. Petersburg were studied, in which the main activity of the staff is the examination of patients with surgical infection of soft tissues (particularly, the critical limb ischemia).Results. It has been ascertained that, despite the unconditional success of providing medical care to patients with critical limb ischemia, a high frequency of unsatisfactory treatment results for this category of patients remains (in 2017, among 685 patients of the specialized department of the highly specialized medical organization, the proportion of cases of performing high amputations of limbs and mortality, respectively, was 11,7% (80) and 2,6% (18)). It has been demonstrated on clinical examples that the pronounced comorbidity of critical limb ischemia patients and the severity of their general condition (combined with organizational difficulties in providing them with providing medical care in conditions of highly specialized medical organization) contribute to the formation of complications (up to lethal outcomes) of not only the underlying, but also concomitant diseases. Difficulties in providing medical care of adequate quality in life-threatening conditions for patients of highly specialized medical organization in cases of critical limb ischemia necessitate a wider interaction between specialists in narrow and multidisciplinary hospitals as part of the emergency surgery service.Conclusion. When creating specialized medical centers outside of multidisciplinary medical institutions, the possibilities should be provided for the regulated involvement of highly professional consultants with a reasonable algorithm for routing patients in cases of the need for their emergency re-hospitalization to other medical institutions.

Aim. To compare by flow cytometry the cellular immune status indicators in persons, living on the territory of the Caspian sandy natural plague focus for epidemic indications. Materials and methods. Whole blood leukocytes of 120 people were examined by flow cytometry with using the two four-color labeled monoclonal antibody reagents (Cyto-Stat CD45-FITC, CD4-PE, CD8-ECD, CD3-PC5 и Cyto-Stat CD45-FITC, CD56-PE, CD19-ECD, CD3-PC5) and by means of CD95-FITC reagent. The results were taken into account before and in a month and 6 months after vaccination. We were determined in the blood the relative content of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, leukocytes carrying an early apoptosis marker (CD95), T and B- lymphocytes, NK cells as well T – lymphocyte helpers (Th) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tcyt) for immunoregulatory index (IRI) calculation. Results. Before anti-plague vaccination in 14 people (11,7%) were found abnormally low immunoregulatory index values characterized the immunodeficiency state (IRI

The article describes an algorithm to provide permutation of matrix elements through cyclic shifts of rows and columns and gives a formal description of a cellular automaton (CA) that implements this algorithm. For this, a square n × n lattice with closed boundaries and a neighbourhood of a von Neumann type cell are used.As a result of a computational experiment for the initial orders of the matrix n, it was found that after a sufficiently large number of steps, the algorithm transfers the matrix to the original one, i.e. has period N. For odd orders of the matrix, the growth of N as a function of n is faster than exponential.A movement of the individual elements of the matrix has been analysed to show that they move in a manner similar to billiard balls. The element moves to the matrix boundaries at an angle of 45 ° and changes direction when it reaches the bound. A defined explicit dependence of the element movement period on its initial position in the matrix allows us to prove that the global period N is equal to the least common multiple of all the odd numbers being less than 2n, i.e. N = LCM(3,5, ..., 2n-1).To analyse the permutation dynamics, two authors-introduced “metrics” that reflect a degree of randomizing were used. One of the metrics is introduced specifically for the matrix, the other for the linear array and depends on how the matrix is transformed into a one-dimensional array. By searching for permutations with extreme metric values, it was found that as a result of permutations, even-order matrices undergo block permutation. In the case of an odd order, the matrix undergoes a rotation of ± 90 ° and 180 ° (reflection relative to the centre). Moreover, the direction of rotation depends on the order n. For example, for n = 5, counter-clockwise rotation occurs, and for n = 7, it is clockwise.The algorithm can be used to generate pseudorandom numbers, and a value of its period indirectly argues for it. The period can be significantly increased through a slight complication of the algorithm, for example, by introducing different lengths for cycles of changing a direction of columns and rows. Stopping the algorithm at random time, one can consider the current permutation of the matrix as an array of random numbers or somehow transform it into one random number.

Aim. Experimental substantiation of possibility to determine the rabies virus-infected Vero cell line portion in culture by flow cytometry (FC) and FITC labeled diagnostic anti-rabies immunoglobulin (DAI), manufactured in Russia. Materials and methods. Fixation and permeabilization of Vero cells, infected by rabies virus strain «Moscow 3253», was carried out by means of Суtofix/Cytoperm reagent (BD Biosciences, USA) according the Vengatesan D. et al. method (2006) and then intracellular rabies antigen was stained by DAI. Percentage of infected cells was determined by FC in 24, 48 and 72 h and as well in 48 h when the cell cultures were infected with tenfold dilutions of virus-containing fluid from 10-1 to 10-8. Results. There was a significant increase in the percentage of infected cells on average from 30 to 70% in time interval from 24 to 48 h. With 1000-fold dilution of viral-containing fluid the FC method detected the 6,9±0,21% of infected cells in Vero cultures (P

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of high-volume local infiltration and epidural analgesic techniques after primary total knee arthroplasty versus standard systemic multimodal analgesia in the context of the postoperative analgesia protocols.Materials and Methods. A single-center randomized comparative study included 84 patients who, from august 2017 to august 2018, underwent a primary total knee arthroplasty. Depending on the method of postoperative analgesia, we randomized patients into 3 groups. Group A consisted of 32 patients who received intraoperative infiltration of periarticular tissues with 0.2% solution of ropivacaine in combination with adrenaline and subsequent bolus injection of a local anesthetic solution via a catheter inserted into the wound. Group B included patients who received epidural analgesia with a constant infusion of a 0.2% solution of ropivacaine (n = 28). In patients of group C, neither regional nor local analgesia techniques were used for postoperative analgesia (n = 24). All patients received standard systemic multimodal analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and tramadol. The pain intensity was measured by vas when the patient was motionless, and during knee flexion (before surgery, after surgery on resolution of motor block and during the initial postoperative 24 h), side-effects were recorded.Results. The patients of Group C, during knee flexion in the postoperative period, reported the highest pain scores (6 (5; 8) during the initial postoperative 12 h and 6 (5; 6) during the initial postoperative 24 h). Severe pain, resistant to therapy and requiring the administration of narcotic analgesics (morphine 1.0 mg), was noted in 5 (15.6%) patients in group A and in 10 (41.6%) in group C, in contrast to patients of group B, where no pain was recorded in any patient, p = 0.056, p = 0.037 and p

Here, we discuss development of f low cytometry technique for determining level of rabies antibodies in immune sera and immunoglobulin preparations, which is based on measuring fluorescence level in Vero cell line added with a mix of serially diluted anti-rabies serum or immunoglobulin preparation together with Moscow 3253 attenuated rabies virus strain, adapted for reproduction in cell lines. For this, rabies sera and immunoglobulin preparation were diluted 1:20 and 1:200 with PBS, respectively, whereas rabies virus was recommended for use at dose of 0.1 ID50/cell. Cell membrane fixation and permeabilization were performed by using a Cytoperm/Cytofix reagent (BD Pharmingen, USA) containing formaldehyde able to inactivate rabies virus, thus complying with biological safety regulations. Anti-rabies FITC-conjugated immunoglobulin (FGBI ARRIAH, Russia) was recommended for staining, that does not limit using similar reagents. Then, a f low cytometer equipped with a 20 mW argon laser (488 nm emission wavelength, throughput — 500 cells per second) was used for analysis. Vero cells displaying a fluorescence intensity exceeding 10 arbitrary units were considered infected. Flow cytometry allows to precisely measure amount of experimental infected cells as well as degree of infection by evaluating cell f luorescence intensity. Amount of antibodies in the samples examined by us was calculated by building a calibration curve based on depicting data for a standard rabies immunoglobulin with activity of 30 IU/ml (NIBSC, Potters Bar, United Kingdom). A high correlation between the data obtained by us and results from other detection methods used to assess activity of anti-rabies preparations such as biological neutralization of rabies virus in white mice (0.92) and modified FAVN test (0.98) was demonstrated. The comparison of the results of the analysis of the level of rabies antibodies obtained using f low cytometry, and the results obtained in tests in vivo, was carried out for the first time. Moreover, it is worth noting that for the first time the level of anti-rabies antibodies assessed by f low cytometry and in vivo tests was compared. An opportunity to perform rapid and easy-to-do analysis on assessing amount of infected cells by measuring fluorescence intensity in f low cytometry assay would allow to apply this approach for quality control while developing and manufacturing immunobiological anti-rabies preparations.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the length of telomeres in the arms of individual chromosomes in patients with bronchial asthma (BA).Materials and methods. The study included patients with BA (n = 10, the mean age (44 ± 8.2) years) and healthy donors (n = 10, the mean age (44 ± 8.4) years). Metaphase spreads obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used. At the time of sampling BA patients received treatment at the Clinic of Immunopathology, Novosibirsk. BA was diagnosed by physicians according to GINA-2016. For measurement of telomere length on individual chromosome arms we used quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization with a PNA-probe specific for telomeres. We used inverted DAPI banding for chromosome identification (according to ISCN-2013). For each individual 5 metaphase cells were analyzed. We applied the newly developed MeTeLen software to estimate the telomere repeats quantity (http:// www.bionet.nsc.ru/en/development/application-development/development-of-a-computer/metelen.html) in metaphase images. For enhanced image analysis compared with the previously developed programs, we included estimation of background signal and correction of defects of the optical system.Results. Comparing of telomere length show, that telomeres in the certain chromosome arms (4q, 5q, 9p, 10 q, 11p, 13p, 15q, 18q, 19q) in BA are significantly shorter than in corresponding group of donors (p < 0.05, Mann – Whitney U-test). For both studied groups we also evaluated telomere sequences shortened and elongated relative to the average telomere length in the group (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon-signed-runk test). The following differences and similarities between the telomere profiles of patients and donors were determined: the telomere sequences 4p, 6q, 8p were elongated and 2q, 9q, 11p, 15q were shortened relative to the average telomere length in BA patients. Moreover, this telomere sequences did not differ from the average telomere length in the group of donors. At the same time, the telomere sequences 12p, 16p, 17p, 19p were significantly shorter, and 3p was longer than the average telomere length in both groups.Conclusions. We guess, that the observed significant shortening of telomere length on individual chromosome arms in BA, as compared to donors, is relevant in pathogenesis of this disorder. The revealed features of telomere profile of patients with BA may be a result of different telomere length maintenance mechanisms and may influence to the development of asthma that needs further study.

Relevance. In 2005 International Health Regulations, the plague, is on the list of dangerous infectious diseases that can cause emergency situations of interstate importance. Even single cases of human plague are considered as the basis for carrying out preventive measures. The paper presents the results of immunological monitoring conducted on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia in order to assess the immunological efficacy and safety of the plague live vaccine The paper presents the results of immunological monitoring in the territory of the Kalmyk Republic over the individuals vaccinated against plague due to epidemiological reasons. Materials and methods. Studies of immunological efficacy of live plague vaccine were conducted alongside stepwise assessment of cellular and humoral components of innate and adaptive immunity in persons revaccinated against plague, using a complex of advanced informative tests. Results and conclusions. It is established that before the second revaccination all the surveyed persons retained expressed immune response by the mixed or cellular type, characterized by high level of spontaneous and induced production of Th1-associated cytokines. Activation of Th1 immune reaction was registered one month after the scheduled revaccination; immune response change-over from Th1 to Th2 type – after 6 months of observation, and retention of adaptive immunity by mixed type at the moderate level – in a year. Specific humoral immunity developed in 85% of the surveyed persons, but throughout the whole investigation the dynamics of antibody titers to plague microbe F1 individualized and did not coincide with cellular immunity indicators. Performed complex study has confirmed the relative safety of the live plague vaccine.

This article describes a convenient and easy method of substitution of the nitrile group in 5-cyano-1,2,4-triazines with the aim of obtaining of libraries of substituted 1,2,4-triazines (about 500 compounds).

Analyzing the approaches developed in jurisprudence and estimating national legislation that contains norms of private law, the authors conclude that the formation of civil society is closely connected with and depends on private law.

Children with chronic diseases of respiratory tract were investigated for IgM and IgG serum antibodies to viruses (Herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus) and bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis + pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumonia) by ELISA and for telomere length of their lymphocytes by fluorescent hybridization in situ followed by flow cytomerty (FlowFISH). The purpose of the study was to compare the lymphocyte telomere length of these seropositive and seronegative children. Regression analysis and analysis of percent distribution relative to the regression line have compensated age differences between seropositive and seronegative groops and demonstrated shorter telomeres in lymphocytes of children those have serum antibodies to viruses in all combinations (including combinations with antibodies to bacteria) in contrast to seronegative children of the same age.

Abstract. The aim of the investigation was to study the immunological characteristics of RA patients with anaemia. Clinical and laboratory data including the percentage of the main lymphocyte subclasses, phagocyte and DTH-effector activity, serum concentration of immunoglobulins, the percentage of cells producing IFNγ and/or IL-4 and percent of monocytes producing TNF. We revealed some significant clinical, laboratory and immunological differences between RA patients and healthy donors and between patients with and without anaemia. Our data demonstrate RA anemic patients to have more severe disorders than patients without anaemia. We also revealed some significant immunological differences between RA patients and healthy donors and between patients with and without anaemia, including percent of cells producing IFNγ and/or IL-4. Our data permit to conclude that RA patients have many different immunological disturbances, more severe in anaemic patients.

When studying functional features of immune system, a lot of quantitative and functional parameters are determined. A multifactorial analysis allows of detecting interdependent immunological parameters and defining them as significant factors. In present study, four factors are revealed, which are associated with certain clinical characteristics of gastric cancer (tumor invasion depth, lymph node status and distant metastases, tumor stage, histological type). The data obtained are of interest, with regard of systemic approach to functional studies of immune functions.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to elucidate a role of brain hemispheres in formation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The parameters of higher nervous activity, autonomous and immune systems in these patients that were characterized by domination of the left or right hemispheres of a brain, were defined in present work. The results of this work allow of justifying the following items: a) relative increase in functional activity of right brain hemisphere in woman may represent a factor that either contributes to triggering of rheumatoid arthritis, or predisposes for its development; b) formation of rheumatoid arthritis in females is accompanied by complex changes in psychophysiological and immune parameters, that exhibit significant features depending on functional asymmetry of the hemispheres; c) a pronounced dependence is revealed between clinical course of disease and functional asymmetry of hemispheres.

Abstract. Bronchial asthma is a classic psychosomatic disease by immunopathological origin. In present investigation, we studied influence of body-oriented psychotherapeutic methods directed towards clinico-immunological parameters and special psychological features of the patients with bronchial asthma, i.e., decrease in alexithymia, as an important pathogenetic factor of bronchial asthma, and improvement in motor coordination and interhemispheric interactions in motor sphere. We investigated 38 patients (18 men and 20 women), while discriminating those patients who underwent a course of body-oriented psychotherapy, and a group of comparison, who did not undergo similar therapy. When observing conventional standards of randomization according to sex, age, clinical variants, and disease severity, some heterogeneity of these groups was revealed. In general, the people with active life attitude, being ready to work with a psychologist, possessed special features both in psychological and immunological spheres.

Abstract. Anti-ergotypic cells are a part of peripheral regulatory network, and they are thought to control autoreactive T cells by recognition of certain clonotypic and ergotypic determinants on the surface of activated T cells. The aim of our study was to investigate ability of anti-CD3 activated syngeneic splenocytes to induce anti-ergotypic response and to assess immune response in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction.DTH response in experimental group was significantly greater than in control and intact groups. Upon crossadministration, DTH response was minimal and there were no significant differences between the groups. No changes in cellular and humoral immune response were observed under such conditions. These results suggest a development of immune response to activated antigen-nonspecific cells. In a model of chronic GvHD, donor immunization was shown to exert a protective effect, with regard of proteinuria dynamics in recipients, whereas immunization of recipients did not alter the GvHD dynamics. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 1, pp 29-34)

Abstract. Some immune parameters (cell subsets in peripheral blood, spontaneous and LPS-induce production of IL-1β, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, MCP-1 and MIP-1β in whole blood cultures) were studied in fifty patients with breast cancer (T2-3, N0-3, M0) after radiation therapy and surgical treatment. A significant decrease in lymphocytes, CD3+ and CD4+T-cell counts, CD19+B-lymphocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin level, and amounts of phagocytic cells was revealed. The cytokine status was characterized by prevalence of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1β), accompanied by low levels of Th2/ anti-inflammatory IL-13. Furthermore, a markedly increased production of G-CSF and IL-7 was found, thus apparently pointing to the switching of a compensatory mechanisms in response to cytoreductive effects of anti-tumor therapy. IL-7 levels in lymphopenic patients (< 1.2 х 109/L; a mean of 0.81±0.11) were significantly higher than that in an opposite group of lymphopenia-free women (> 1.2 х 109/L; a mean of 1.34±0.01). An inverse correlation (rS = –0,88; p < 0,0001) between blood lymphocyte counts and IL-7 levels allows us to suggest a mechanism of homeostatic peripheral expansion (HPE) to be involved in maintenance and restoration ofT cell homeostasis in the patients treated for breast cancer. Significance of HPE mechanism for induction of both beneficial protective tumor-specific autoimmunity and increased risk of autoimmune complications is discussed.

Abstract. The 18 patients with stomach cancer were investigated. This group was divided in to two groups 9 people in each: one with psychotherapeutic treatment 3 men and 6 women aged from 51 to 68 years (with III stage 8 patients and with I stage 1 patient); another one with surgical treatment (control subgroup) consists of 5 men and 4 women aged from 51 to 71 years (III stage).A special method of hypnosuggestive therapy (HST) devised for this situation to modify psychosomatic disorders was used. A level of CD34+ was measured before HST and after 1 month and telomere length as well as apoptosis were measured in lymphocytes before HST and after 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks. In control group a telomere length in lymphocytes was measured. In both subgroups of patients with cancer a telomere lengths were 500 b.p. shorter than in donors before treatment. Consequently HST after 7 weeks treatment significant telomere length elongation on 1000 b.p. and apoptosis increase to 1,7% were found. Hereby these results have shown that hypnosuggestive therapy reintegrats immune system in cancer patients which discover new key points for psycho immunological investigations. (Med. Immunol., vol. 10, N 6, pp 527-534).

Abstract. In spite of similar clinical patterns, there are numerous differences in immunopathogenesis of intrinsiс and extrinsiс forms of atopic dermatitis. Patients with both forms have decreased levels of CD8+CD25+ lymphocytes, decreased telomere DNA length of CD4+T-cells, decreased migration inhibition index in delayedtype hypersensitivity, decreased levels of CD16+NK-cells, decreased Fc-dependent monocyte and granulocyte phagocytosis, increased hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils, increased levels of CD19+B-cells, as well as high IgA and IgG immunoglobulin levels. Extrinsiс form of atopic dermatitis are characterized by more severe clinical course, and by involvement of both immediate hypersensitivity (hyperproduction of IgE and decreased T-cells with intracellular IFNγ production), like as delayed-type hypersensitivity (decreased migration index along with decreased migration inhibition index). CD8+ play a large role in extrinsiс form of atopic dermatitis that may be traced as decreased telomere length of CD8+T- cells, decreased levels of CD8+CD45RO+ cells, increased levels of CD8+CD45RA+ naive cells and increased levels of CD28+ costimulatory molecules on CD8+cells. Increased levels of CD4+CD25+bright cells and strongly alterations of innate immunity determined of decreased H2O2 production by monocytes are shown in extrinsiс form. Hence, the severity index of atopic dermatitis is more expressed in extrinsic form of bronchial asthma and it is, probably, determined by more exaggerated immunological alterations.

Abstract. Functional activity of thymus in normal donors and patients with various clinical forms of bronchial asthma was evaluated by means of assessing TREC-positive T-cell numbers. In spite of well-known alterations in parameters of T-cell homeostasis, TREC levels in CD4+and CD8+ lymphocytes from the patients with asthma did not differ significantly from those in donors. There were also no significant differences in TREC-containing cell numbers, dependent on clinical types of bronchial asthma and IgE levels. However, the patients with a recent disease onset (duration of several days to one year) showed increased TREC positivity in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, as compared with donors and those patients who underwent basal therapy with glucocorticoids, and during long-term disorder (> 1 year). Enhanced thymopoiesis at initial stages of the disease may be associated with thymic stromal lymphopoietin which contributes to development of bronchial asthma, and normally participates in the process of T cell production.

Abstract. A significant telomere shortening was shown in both total peripheral lymphocyte populations and CD4+ T-cells from patients with bronchial asthma, as compared to normal donors. Such shortening takes place in different cell subpopulations depends on different types of bronchial asthma. In patients with intrinsic asthma, a telomere contraction was found both in CD4+ and CD8+T-lymphocytes, but only in CD4+ lymphocytes from patients with extrinsic-type asthma. We didn’t found any changes of telomere length in patients with mixed-type asthma, however, a significant correlation was found between telomere length in both CD4+ and CD8+T- cells, and serum IgE concentrations.The data obtained demonstrate that telomere shortening in lymphocytes may take place not only due to T-cell exhaustion, or homeostatic proliferation induced by lymphopenia, but also due to expansion of antigenreacting cells. The entire data point to sufficient pathogenetic differences for various types of bronchial asthma. A non-uniform contribution of atopic and infectious inflammation may present an important reason for different patterns of the disease development.

Abstract. Anti-ergotypic response is considered to contribute significantly to the regulation of immune response. Ergotope-associated antigenic determinants include molecules upregulated on the surface of activated T cells (CD25, hsp60 and others). Anti-ergotypic cells are directed against these surface determinants usually complexed to MHC-I and/or MHC-II. Here we demonstrate regulated expression of HLA-Dr, СD25, hsp60 and hTERT mRNA during in vitro activation of peripheral T-lymphocytes with anti-CD3 antibodies and IL - 2, with reactivation on day 7. The percentage of CD25-expressing T cells showed sharp increase as early, as by the day 3 of activation, and it varied only slightly at later terms. The hsp60 levels rose as well, reached a peak at day 3, and gradually decreased thereafter. HLA-Dr expression was induced upon the activation, with a peak at the days 8 or 10. hTERT mRNA amounts also increased, as compared with baseline values, showing two peaks at the days 3 and 8. Anti-ergotopic response may control autoimmunity by targeting the activated T cells, regardless of their specificity. Therefore, immunotherapy of different autoimmune disorders aiming to activate anti-ergotopic responses, may be of a sufficient clinical interest.

Abstract. Present study deals with size measurements of telomeric DNA from the human peripheral mononuclear immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A method for measuring the relative telomere length by in situ hybridization followed by flow cytometric analysis (flow-FISH) was used. Relative telomere length (RTL) in monocytes was estimated as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of test cells divided by MFI values of internal control cells. Hybridization conditions for analysis of telomere length in monocytes have been optimized in advance. It has been shown that RTL of monocytes was significantly lower in RA patients compared to donors. Significant differences in telomere length of monocytes between RA patients and donors were revealed for the young persons under 30 years old. The findings obtained may be considered as an additional argument confirming the hypothesis on genetic defects of hematopoietic stem cells determining RA development.

Abstract. Peripheral blood monocytes were investigated in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It was established that population of CD14+16+ monocytes was twofold increased in the patients with tuberculosis. The higher level of CD14+CD16+ monocytes was associated with decreasing number of monocytes with intracellular TNF–α, and negative correlation between these parameters was revealed. On the contrary, the higher level of CD14+CD16+ monocytes was connected with increased number of IL–10–producing monocytes. IL–10–producing cells were established mainly in the population of CD16+ monocytes and so population of CD14+CD16+ monocytes may represent the cells with suppressive activity. Really, the CD14+CD16+ monocytes were increased in patients with defective antigen specific response. Enhancement of CD14+CD16+ monocytes was observed in patients with active tuberculosis independently of form and dissemination of disease and did not connected with concomitant viral or bacterial infection. (Med. Immunol., 2005, vol.7, № 1, pp 49556)

Abstract. Shortening of telomeres represents an important mechanism that limits the proliferative potential of cells. Telomeres are chromatin structures that perform capping and protection of the chromosome ends. In vertebrates, they consist of tandem hexameric repeated sequences (TTAGGG) that are associated with various specific proteins. Immune system is extremely susceptible to telomere loss, since cellular proliferation underlies self-renewal of T and B lymphocytes, being also quite necessary for their biological functions. Telomere loss in lymphocytes may contribute to development of immune deficiency, and predispose for autoimmune responses in the elderly. In this study, we analyzed telomere length, the rates of telomere loss, and the variability of telomeres in B cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients, and in healthy donors. Average values of telomere length in healthy donors were found to be, respectively, 1.9 and 2.3 kb longer for B cells, as compared with CD4+ и CD8+Т-lymphocytes. The same tendency was observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Estimated rate of telomere loss in B-cells was 20 bp per year in healthy donors, while being slightly faster in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, telomere shortening in B lymphocytes, as well as other senescence mechanisms, may contribute to development of autoimmune disease. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 2-3, pp 151-156)

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine efficacy and safety of melatonin administered in addition to conventional atopic dermatitis treatment. Study design: open randomized parallel group study. Patients and treatment: Forty-six patients with exacerbation of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis were included into the study. The patients were randomized, to receive either complex conventional treatment, or conventional treatment plus melatonin at a daily dose of 3 mg, being administered at 9 P.M. Primary endpoint of the study: Severity scoring using SCORAD index. Assessment of pharmacological effects included counting functional evaluation of T-cells, B-cells and phagocytes, as well as morning and evening serum levels of IgE, IL-4 and IFN-γ. Results. In melatonin group, a statistically significant SCORAD index reduction was revealed, as compared with conventionally treated group (84% vs 60%). Addition of melatonin to conventional treatment caused a 63 per cent decrease in relative risks of unfavorable outcome, defined as absence of 20 per cent improvement by the SCORAD scale. Clinical improvement in melatonin group was associated with increase in CD8+cell counts, IgM levels and indices of Fc-dependent monocyte and neutrophil phagocytosis. Circulating IgE and IL-4 levels did significantly decrease. In melatonin group, there were significant differences between the morning and evening counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ cells, like as levels of circulating IFN-γ. These preliminary data suggest efficacy of melatonin administration in the patients with atopic dermatitis. Further research is needed to confirm these results.

Abstract. Establishment of basic processes leading to differences in immune response at genetic level occurs in the course of studying associations between certain polymorphic alleles, as well as evaluation of correlations between the haplotypes of cytokine genes, and specific protein production in vitro. The features of association between main parameters of humoral and cellular immunity, as well as levels of pro-inflammatory (TNFA и IL2) and anti-inflammatory (IL4 и IL10) cytokines with allelic variants of promoter regions of the mentioned genes were analyzed in HIV-infected patients, as compared with healthy Russian population of Caucasoid origin. In present work, we have performed genotyping, along with evaluation of humoral and cellular immunity, in 127 HIV-infected patients, and 52 donors served as a control group. To determine spontaneous and ConA-stimulated cytokine production in some patients, ELISA technique was used for assays with conditioned media from mononuclear cells. From the data obtained one may be inferred, that 308А TNFA, -330Т IL2, -592А IL10 alleles are more characteristic to the HIV-infected patients with decreased cellular pro-inflammatory component of immunity, and increased activity of B-cell immunity, in comparison with persons carrying other gene variants. In general, it should be stressed that the mentioned genes variants may determine general susceptibility for more severe course of disease, exerting some pleiotropic action upon some pathogenetically important parameters of HIV.

Reokinetic properties of multifunctional epoxy resin at diffrent temperatures with low-viscosity reactive diluents containing glycidyl ether, and the glass transition temperature and the degradation temperature of heat-resistant polymer matrix was investigated. The reactive diluents increases the glass transition temperature at 37°C, reduces the viscosity of 4 times, and the curing time is not changed. It was developed technological polymer binder based on epoxy resin and reactive diluents with low viscosity, and high glass transition temperature (~ 280о С) and degradation temperature ~ 335°С.

The influence of a low-viscosity reactive solvent containing glycidyl ether on the rheological properties of a polyfunctional epoxy resin at different temperatures was studied. The energy of activation of viscous flow was determined. Heat-resistant polymer binders based on the epoxy resin and a reactive solvent with a viscosity from 0.08 to 0.6 Pa∙s to impregnate the reinforcing fiber fillers were developed.

The article is devoted to development of modern telemetric methods for an on-line evaluation of functional status of vehicle drivers during their work. The study of occupational load effect on cardiovascular system was performed with the use of mobile devices included portable sensors and storage device to collect information (smartphone). The developed computer programs were used to calculate spectral indices of heart rhythm variability (HRV). A high self-descriptiveness of wavelet transform for identification offunctional status of cardiovascular system was shown. The reduction of HRV, increase of sympathetic component in regulation and increase of vegetative balance index were observed in drivers by fatigue. The intensity of HRV changes met with occupational load level and characterized degree of individual response as well as allowed to detect exposure induced the stress. A wireless cardiorhythmography is a perspective method for creating personal monitoring system for increasing quality of the drivers' life andfor their health preservation.

The article describes the results of therapy with autologous activated. T-lymphocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. Has been shown high clinical efficacy and safety of this therapy in the treatment of patients with both allergic and nonallergic form of the disease. In the allergic form observed more rapid positive changes, but in the opposite form of the efficiency was higher. Influence on cellular immunity in different forms differed. If the allergic form there was an increase of CD8+ T-cells in the nonallergic form — increased CD8+CD25+ T-cells and changes in delayed-type hypersensitivity.

On the basis of the analysis of own and literary data, proved the interaction psychophysiologic and immunologic parameters in healthy people and in patients with bronchial asthma. The main accent was made on the investigation of the role of the functional asymmetry of a brain, as the base phenomenon defining features of mental, vegetative and immunologic activity.