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La Expresión Corporal es una herramienta fundamental para trabajar las emociones y la comunicación no verbal. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las opiniones sobre la expresión corporal de estudiantes del grado de formación del profesorado de Educación Infantil de Extremadura (España). La muestra estuvo compuesta por ochenta y cuatro estudiantes de cuarto curso. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos no consideran que hayan recibido la formación necesaria para utilizar los contenidos relacionados con la expresión corporal en sus aulas. Además, los encuestados consideran que los centros educativos no dan la suficiente importancia a la expresión corporal, a consecuencia de la falta de material, falta de acondicionamiento de las instalaciones educativas y falta de tiempo en las jornadas diarias del alumnado. Por tanto, debe mejorarse y aumentarse el número de créditos de formación en el ámbito de expresión corporal, así como la formación continuada y específica de los profesionales de la educación en activo.

Introducción: La celiaquía es una patología multisistémica con base autoinmune que provoca una reacción a la proteína gluten encontrada en alimentos como o trigo, centeno, triticale, cebada, espelta y avena. Los síntomas más comunes de la celiaquía son la pérdida de peso, pérdida de apetito y fatiga general entre otros. A consecuencia de estos síntomas el rendimiento deportivo puede verse afectado. Objetivo: Para comprender como la celiaquía impacta en el rendimiento de los deportistas, el objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática relacionada con el rendimiento deportivo en personas celíacas. Materiales y métodos: Para ello, se utilizó la siguiente frase final de búsqueda: “Celiac” AND “Sport” AND “Performance”, que fue introducida por igual en las bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la existencia de escasos documentos relacionados con el objeto de estudio (n=11), dónde se muestra una variabilidad de tipos de diseño en los trabajos seleccionados. Por otro lado, se extrae que la única solución para mantener un adecuado rendimiento deportivo en una persona celiaca es llevar una dieta libre de gluten de por vida. Conclusiones: Los documentos seleccionados subrayan la importancia de que los deportistas con enfermedad celiaca mantengan una dieta sin gluten de manera constante a lo largo de su vida. Debido a la escasez de estudios relacionados con la temática, se recomienda aumentar el número de investigaciones relacionadas con el objeto de estudio, con la finalidad de mejorar los estilos y hábitos de vida de los deportistas celíacos.

En la actualidad, el balonmano es una disciplina que no se encuentra adaptada a personas con Parálisis Cerebral o Daño Cerebral Adquirido. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una propuesta de adaptación del reglamento de balonmano para este colectivo, tomando como referencia la normativa y clasificación funcional del Fútbol a 7, adaptado a estos jugadores. La base del proceso de adaptación ha sido el reglamento de la Federación Internacional de Balonmano y la clasificación funcional de otro deporte adaptado a personas con parálisis cerebral y daño cerebral adquirido, el Fútbol a 7. Es necesario realizar una adaptación del material, los aspectos técnicos y tácticos, así como de las instalaciones deportivas en función de las capacidades motrices de los participantes. La práctica de actividad física-deportiva presenta múltiples beneficios a nivel social, afectivo, físico y psicológico, por lo que incluir un deporte colectivo más, al único que ya existe para esta población, que es el Fútbol a 7, ampliaría sus opciones de participación deportiva.

Ciguateric syndrome is a food poisoning associated with the consumption of some species of fish that have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their tissues. The effects of the syndrome occur with nervous imbalances which have been described for quite some time, and mentioned in sailing literature for centuries. In the last decade, research has been focused on the implementation of analytical methods for toxin identification and the study of action modes of CTXs to design effective treatments. However, an important aspect is to determine the damage that CTXs caused in the organs of affected individuals. In this work, the damages observed in tissues of mice, mainly in the small intestine, were analyzed. The animals were fed with CTX-contaminated fish muscle at concentrations 10-times below the median lethal dose (LD50) for 10 weeks. The analysis of tissues derived from the oral treatment resulted in an increased occurrence of Paneth cells, presence of lymphoid tissue infiltrating the mucosa and fibrous lesions in the mucosal layer of the small intestine. A decreasing weight in animals fed with toxic muscle was observed.

El empleo de las emociones durante la etapa de Educación Infantil juega un papel fundamental en la construcción de la personalidad y en las interacciones sociales del alumnado. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el estado del arte relacionado con el estudio de las emociones en Educación Infantil mediante el desarrollo de una revisión bibliométrica, puesto que las evidencias científicas respaldan la importancia del aprendizaje de las emociones. Para ello, se empleó la base de datos Web of Science, identificándose un total de 114 manuscritos relacionados con la temática objeto de estudio. Además, los resultados obtenidos muestran que es un campo incipiente para los investigadores en el ámbito de la Educación Infantil. La mayoría de los documentos se encuentran clasificados en la categoría de Education and Educational Research. Los documentos que presentan un mayor número de citas son de Blair et al. (2004), con 155, y el artículo de Yoshikawa et al. (2015), con 135, encontrándose la mayoría de los manuscritos redactados en inglés. Las evidencias científicas halladas como resultado del presente estudio respaldan la importancia del aprendizaje de las emociones en Educación Infantil, y se recomienda a los investigadores realizar estudios colaborativos y aumentar el número de estudios relacionados con el empleo de las emociones en el aula de Educación Infantil.

Physical inactivity can lead to frailty and negative health outcomes in middle-aged to older adults. Sedentary individuals have double the risk of death compared to those who engage in high levels of physical activity (PA). The advantages of practicing PA in older age are significant, with regular, moderate-intensity activity (150 min per week)being consistently linked with a decreased risk of chronic disease, cognitive decline, and mortality. Therefore, the study aimed to carry out a bibliometric review related to the terms “Physical activity,” “Functional capacity” and “Aging” including all the documents published in the Web of Science Core Collection until 31st December 2023. The sample was made up of 231 studies related to the topic. The results reported that the first document was published in 1994. However, there was no continuity in the publication of the documents till 1998, which was the first year with at least one document published. Considering 1998 as the first year, it is observed an exponential growth of 77.4%, between the oldest (1997–2008) and contemporaneous studies (2008–2023), in which “Geriatric Gerontology” was the Web of Science category with the highest number of documents (n = 59). The journal “Experimental Gerontology” was associated with the largest number of published documents (n = 7), being indexed in Quartil 2. The years 2009 had the highest number of citations (n = 1811), with a total of 7 documents published and 2018 with the higher number of documents (n = 25). These results reported the importance of PA in elderly people, and how it influences the risk of falls, improving the balance and the functional capacity. Thus, it is important to carry out programmes to promote physical activity to this population and reduce the risk of falls and the presence of diseases.

Monitoring the training load during training is important for quantifying the demand on psychological and physiological responses. This procedure is achieved through subjective and objective methods applied to the control of the level of training, to the attainment of conditioning and performance goals, and to the prevention of injuries. Training load refers to either external load, such as the variables of speed, distance, accelerations, and decelerations, or internal load, which is related to the psychological and physiological responses during an exercise session or training period (e.g., rating of perceived exertion—RPE; and heart rate—HR). To measure external load, traditional methods include pedometers, accelerometers, global positioning systems, and volume load. For internal load, methods include RPE, training monotony, strain, and impulse, HR, hormonal and biochemical markers, and training diaries and questionnaires. The current review reinforces the assumption that the methods should be combined to improve confidence with the information, mainly when assessing internal load stress during training. Moreover, training load provides an objective assessment of performance levels and involvement in different training phases, thus providing relevant information to analyse strategies for the effectiveness of conditioning progress, performance enhancement, and injury prevention.

Introduction: For political organizations, social media, far from being a space for dialogue with citizens, have become another tool for unidirectional communication. Thus, this paper aims to deepen the propagandistic use of YouTube by political parties, focusing the case study on Andalusia, the Spanish region with the largest population and the first where the far-right party Vox achieved influential parliamentary representation. Methodology: Specifically, a content analysis was applied to 999 videos published throughout 2020 by political parties with representation in the Andalusian Parliament, considering variables such as the presence of the party symbols, the type of propaganda used and the reference to a rival political party. Results: Considering the foregoing, the results are discussed in terms of de-ideologization, populism, and the reduction of programmatic ideas. Conclusions: We find differences in the type of propaganda used (with emphasis on reaction and denial propaganda), pointing to a significant inability of political parties to propose alternatives, which is related to the rise of populism and the pseudo-abandonment of ideology.

This research aimed to analyse the pitch size manipulation effect on internal and external load and to study the age effect on the studied variables in different small-sided games (SSGs) formats. Male U-12 (n = 8), U-15 (n = 8) youth football players, and U-23 (n = 8) professional cohorts participated in the study. Two SSGs formats were analyzed, goalkeeper (GK) + 4 vs. 4 + GK, 3 minutes play in 20 × 30 m and 24 × 36 m, with 3 minutes rest between bouts. The variance analysis Anova two-way was used to analyse two independent factors, pitch size, and age group. The playing area manipulation had an effect under the following variables: distance (p < 0.001), speed 0–6 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 12–18 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 18–21 km/h (p < 0.001), accelerations (Ac.) 1–2 m/s2 (p < 0.001), decelerations (Dc.) 2–3 m/s2 (p < 0.001), metabolic power (Pmet) (p < 0.001) and high metabolic load distance (HMLD) (p < 0.001). The age group influenced the distance covered (p < 0.001), speed 0–6 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 6–12 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 12–18 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 21–24 km/h (p = 0.030), Ac. 1–2 m/s2 (p < 0.001), Ac. 1–2 m/s2 (p < 0.001Pmet (p < 0.001), HMLD (p < 0.001) and training impulse (TRIMP) (p < 0.001). Playing area manipulation in football SSGs promotes an increase in external load intensity, namely, larger areas are suitable for larger effects at high speeds (>21 km/h) and TRIMP. A careful and detailed evaluation of training tasks, considering the different age category football players, is important to optimize the planning in football, aiming at improving players’ condition and performance and avoiding health problems and injuries.

Biomechanical analysis has been one of the most used procedures when aiming to improve performance in sports and is also very relevant and decisive in the final classification of competitive events in sports such as gymnastics. Hence, this study sought to provide an overview of the number of scientific literature publications related to biomechanics research in gymnastics. The document search was completed in March 2023 and reflected a bibliometric analysis considering the published manuscripts up to 31 December 2022. Data collection was performed on the Web of Science, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software (v1.6.19) for analysis and data processing. A total of 325 documents related to the topic under study were located. The results highlight that the older manuscripts date from 1980, with a growing trend of publications from that moment until now and a very visible increase in 2015, and that Sport Science is the category associated with more published manuscripts. A total of 30 manuscripts have 30 or more citations, 746 authors and co-authors are associated with the publications, and 58 co-authorships have published one or more studies. Moreover, 47 countries or regions have been associated with the topic under study, with the USA, England, and Australia being the countries with the most published articles and citations. The study also found that the highest frequency keywords are: “gymnastics” (n = 122), “biomechanics” (n = 73), “simulation” (n = 27), and “performance” (n = 25), considering the average year of publication of the documents, “balance” (n = 11), “artistic gymnastic” (n = 14) and “training” (n = 25) are the most frequently used terms. This study reveals that the topic of biomechanics in gymnastics has shown sustained growth and deserves the attention of the scientific community, but at the same time, there is still much room for research development.

La danza es una actividad físico-deportiva y artística idónea para el desarrollo integral del alumnado y puede considerarse como promotora de inclusión. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión narrativa relacionada con los beneficios que aporta la danza en el alumnado con Síndrome de Down (SD) en la etapa de educación infantil. Para realizar la búsqueda de los documentos, se emplearon las palabras clave: “Child Education”, “Dance” y “Down Syndrome”. Los manuscritos fueron buscados en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y PubMed, hasta enero de 2023. Para ajustar la búsqueda al objeto de estudio, se estableció una serie de criterios de inclusión: i) cualquier tipo de documento científico relacionado con la temática; ii) manuscritos que indiquen, en el cuerpo del texto, al menos una descripción de los alumnos con SD de una longitud mínima de 50 palabras; iii) documentos realizados en inglés, español y/o portugués; y, iv) manuscritos que permitan obtener el texto completo; se obtuvo un total de 9 documentos. Los resultados mostraron una escasez de documentos en relación con el ámbito de estudio, como consecuencia de ser una temática muy específica. Asimismo, los manuscritos incluidos en esta revisión reportan que los beneficios que podrían obtenerse de la danza para el alumnado con SD están relacionados con la conciencia y el control postural, la mejora de aspectos sociales y mejoras a nivel cognitivo y emocional, así como el disfrute. Por ello, se recomienda ampliar el número de investigaciones futuras relacionadas con la danza en el sistema educativo y, concretamente, en la etapa de educación infantil, debido a los múltiples beneficios que aporta al alumnado con discapacidad.

INTRODUCCIÓN. El ocio y tiempo libre desempeñan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo físico, cognitivo, emocional y social de los niños. Durante la emergencia sanitaria provocada por la pandemia de la covid-19, la población infanto-juvenil ha enfrentado una serie de desafíos que han afectado tanto a su salud como su forma de vida. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar los documentos relacionados con la transformación del ocio y tiempo libre en personas infanto-juveniles y las principales características de los juegos durante y después del confinamiento como consecuencia de la pandemia de la COVID-19. MÉTODO. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica mediante el método PRISMA. La búsqueda de información se realizó el 1 de septiembre de 2023, en las bases de datos Wef Of Science, Pubmed y Scopus; los términos de búsqueda en inglés fueron: (“Covid-19” AND “play” AND “leisure” AND “children”). Después de un análisis en profundidad, la revisión sistemática finalmente incluyó 17 artículos. La investigación actual sobre el ocio infantil durante la pandemia es escasa y en ocasiones contradictoria. RESULTADOS. Los hallazgos muestran un descenso de las actividades físicas de ocio durante la pandemia y un aumento de los comportamientos sedentarios, además los estudios analizados coinciden en que los padres tienen un papel clave en promover estilos de vida saludables. CONCLUSIÓN. se necesita una mayor investigación a largo plazo para comprender mejor los efectos en los niños durante eventos disruptivos como la pandemia.

Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a sport modality adapted for people with disabilities who present functional classification (FC) according to their mobility, from 1.0 for players with lesser functional capacity up to 4.5 for great mobility and trunk control players. This study aimed to analyze and compare the external load (EL) and the internal load (IL) of the WB players according to their FC in 5 × 5 simulation game tasks. The main objective of this task was to develop a simulated game in which two teams of five players faced each other to resemble the physical demands of an official match. The development of these tasks allowed for the players to learn the different systems of play, and to improve tactical skills. To conduct the study, 12 (male) national professional WB players (years: 30.7 ± 4.82 and WB experience: 5 ± 1.43) participated in the study and were grouped according to FC. WIMU PROTM devices monitored the EL manufactured by RealTrack Systems in Almería, Spain, and to measure the player’s IL, GarminTM Heart Rate (HR) bands were used (GarminTM in Olathe, KS, USA). The EL variables were divided as kinematic (distance, explosive distance, acc, dec, max. acc, max. dec, average speed, max. speed) and neuromuscular (player load, impact). The IL variables were average HR, max. HR and %max. HR. The main results show that players with greater functional capacity (FC = 4.0) developed higher values in the IL and neuromuscular variables analyzed (p < 0.05), as well as in some kinematic variables like distance, dec and average speed (p < 0.05). This information is relevant because it helps to personalize the training load based on competitive demands and create a gradual and adaptable training program. This information helps athletes to develop better performance during training and prevent injuries caused by overexertion.

El Goalball es un deporte paralímpico creado específicamente para personas con discapacidad visual, y en el área de Educación Física es empleado como contenido didáctico, que además fomentar la inclusión del alumnado. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura relacionada con el Goalball en la Educación Física. Para ello, se emplearon las palabras clave: “Goalball” y “Physical Education”, y las bases de datos de Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus y PubMed. Se obtuvieron un total de 7 documentos publicados hasta diciembre de 2022. Los documentos seleccionados fueron evaluados por expertos con la finalidad de determinar la calidad de los manuscritos, analizando la fiabilidad intra-observador (p = .98), e inter-observador (p = .94). Los estudios analizados resaltan la importancia de trabajar las actitudes positivas hacia la discapacidad, para lo que es muy útil la práctica de deportes adaptados en contexto educativos. En conclusión, se deberían desarrollar más estudios que analicen los beneficios de los deportes para personas con discapacidad en Educación Física, considerando las diferentes etapas educativas.

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI, originado porque los niños crecen en un entorno en el que no se fomenta la práctica deportiva. Esto es debido al cambio en el tipo de alimentación y al aumento del sedentarismo. Objetivo. Describir y analizar los principales programas de intervención, basados en la promoción de hábitos saludables (Nutrición y Actividad Física) en la población infantil y las principales estrategias utilizadas para su implantación en los centros educativos españoles. Materiales y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante el empleo de una revisión sistemática de la literatura realizada en el mes de octubre de 2022. La población de estudio fue el alumnado de entre 6 y 12 años escolarizados en centros de Educación Primaria de España. Resultados. Se ha identificado que las intervenciones educativas sobre nutrición y/o actividad física realizadas en los centros educativos, resultan positivas en la mejora de los hábitos de alimentación y la práctica físico-deportiva entre los escolares. Discusión. Además, combinando las temáticas de nutrición y actividad física, se fomenta la consecución de hábitos saludables, con el objetivo de prevenir la obesidad y el sedentarismo. A su vez, fomentando la participación de las familias en los programas de intervención se obtiene un resultado positivo en la efectividad de las intervenciones. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de los programas de intervención analizados demuestran su eficacia a la hora de modificar los hábitos alimentarios, además, se produce un aumento del nivel de actividad física, evitando el sedentarismo entre los escolares, y, por ende, disminuir el riesgo de obesidad.

Los Deportes Alternativos surgen como una opción novedosa a las prácticas motrices comunes. Son actividades motrices, lúdicas y recreativas cuyo fin es satisfacer las necesidades psicobiológicas, de entretenimiento, imaginación y socialización. Además, han sido incluidos en el currículo de Educación Física, con el objetivo de hacer que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la iniciación deportiva escolar sea más lúdico e inclusivo. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una búsqueda de documentos relacionados con el Quidditch, para así aumentar el conocimiento relacionado con este Deporte Alternativo. La búsqueda de evidencia científica se realizó utilizando la siguiente palabra clave: “Quidditch”. Para su inclusión, los documentos debían estar publicados hasta febrero de 2023, y estar disponibles en la Web of Science como una de las bases de datos más utilizadas. Fueron incluidos o excluidos en base a criterios específicos establecidos para seleccionar los manuscritos más adecuados. Después de un análisis en profundidad, el trabajo finalmente incluyó quince manuscritos. Los resultaron mostraron que el Quidditch es un deporte en plena expansión, capaz de promover valores y actitudes deportivas, sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta qué debe realizarse de manera correcta para prevenir lesiones, evitando choques y golpes, manteniendo en todo momento situaciones de seguridad en la actividad a la vez que se mejora la Condición física. Además, los documentos científicos sobre Quidditch relacionados con el ámbito educativo son escasos, así como los documentos descriptivos sobre las normas, equipamiento, faltas y acciones del juego. Por ello, se recomienda ampliar el campo de investigación de este deporte, así como animar a la comunidad educativa a su práctica y desarrollo en las aulas.

One of the most widely used strategies for performance analysis in different sports is notational analysis through direct observation of technical-tactical actions, which allows to understand the main indicators of sporting performance of the players, both individually and collectively. Football goalkeepers (GKs) are involved in the game differently when compared to the rest of the players in the team and, therefore, they develop different high-level and high-intensity tactical-technical actions. Therefore, the present work aimed to analyse the different performance indicators of football GKs through a search in the following databases: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus (Elsevier), PubMed (NIH) and, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), until February 2023. The following keywords were used: ''Football'' or ''Soccer'', ''Goalkeeper'' and ''Performance analysis''. The results show that the main performance indicators are the percentage of avoided goals, the distribution of the ball at the goal kick as well as the number of offensive and defensive actions. Therefore, training sessions should be planned and implemented aimming to improve these skills.

Game statistics are used for the analysis of the performance of athletes. This allows the strengths and weaknesses of the players to be understood, and to design and implement training sessions for performance enhancement. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the game statistics of the 2021 and 2023 European Champions and the 2023 World Champions in Wheelchair Basketball (WB), both male and female. For this purpose, the game statistics of all the championships were collected, and the differences according to gender and competition analysed through a statistical and inferential analysis, considering the functional classification of the players, based on the Mann–Whitney U test for the comparison of gender, and the Kruskal–Wallis H test for the comparison between championships. The results showed that players with a classification higher than 3.0 have higher three-point and two-point throws, while players with a classification of 1.0 have lower effectiveness in shooting. Depending on the championship, a greater number of three-point throws and respective effectiveness was found in the 2023 World Championships, with the male athletes presenting a greater number of points. This information will support WB coaches in designing and implementing training sessions and patterns of play and movements in competitive moments to improve individual and team performance.

Incorrect limb position while lifting heavy weights might compromise athlete success during weightlifting performance, similar to the way that it increases the risk of muscle injuries during resistance exercises, regardless of the individual’s level of experience. However, practitioners might not have the necessary background knowledge for self-supervision of limb position and adjustment of the lifting position when improper movement occurs. Therefore, the computerized analysis of movement patterns might assist people in detecting changes in limb position during exercises with different loads or enhance the analysis of an observer with expertise in weightlifting exercises. In this study, hidden Markov models (HMMs) were employed to automate the detection of joint position and barbell trajectory during back squat exercises. Ten volunteers performed three lift movements each with a 0, 50, and 75% load based on body weight. A smartphone was used to record the movements in the sagittal plane, providing information for the analysis of variance and identifying significant position changes by video analysis (p < 0.05). Data from individuals performing the same movements with no added weight load were used to train the HMMs to identify changes in the pattern. A comparison of HMMs and human experts revealed between 40% and 90% agreement, indicating the reliability of HMMs for identifying changes in the control of movements with added weight load. In addition, the results highlighted that HMMs can detect changes imperceptible to the human visual analysis.

El bovino Criollo Mixteco es un recurso genético poco explorado, pero de gran valor por su potencial para ser empleado en sistemas de producción respetables con el entorno y adaptables a las condiciones del mismo. La identificación y caracterización de este recurso local es un punto primordial para su conservación y mejora, es por esto que en el presente estudio se llevó a cabo el análisis de la diversidad y relaciones genéticas de la población de bovinos Criollos Mixtecos de Oaxaca, mediante el empleo de 19 marcadores de ADN microsatélites y 32 poblaciones bovinas de referencia, pertenecientes al consorcio BIOBOVIS de la Red CONBIAND. El número medio de alelos detectados fue de 8.8 ± 2.1 y el número efectivo de alelos estimado fue de 4.5 ± 1.2. La diversidad genética representada por los valores de heterocigosidad esperada (0.7700 ± 0.0682) y observada (0.7170 ± 0.0998), se encontró dentro del rango de estimadores obtenidos en estudios previos con poblaciones bovinas locales empleando marcadores microsatélites. El análisis de la estructura poblacional reveló una influencia predominante de germoplasma ibérico (Bos taurus). Se observa además una estrecha relación entre el Criollo Mixteco y el resto de poblaciones bovinas criollas mexicanas a excepción del Criollo Lechero Tropical.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo desarrollar una revisión sistemática exploratoria estructurada, basada en los resultados encontrados en torno a los términos “Balonmano” y “Discapacidad”. Para llevar a cabo la búsqueda de los documentos, se emplearon las siguientes palabras clave: “Handball” y “Disability”. Los documentos fueron buscados en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science, obteniendo un número final de 6 documentos válidos para llevar a cabo la revisión, siendo estos publicados previamente a septiembre de 2021. Con el objetivo de ajustar la búsqueda al objeto de estudio, se establecieron una serie de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Como resultados concluyentes, se observa como los estudios más repetidos son Estudios Empíricos con Metodología Cualitativa en los cuales se llevan a cabo estudios del rendimiento de jugadores de Balonmano en Silla de Ruedas. En conclusión, los documentos sobre el balonmano para personas con discapacidad muestran que el Balonmano en Silla de Ruedas puede ser beneficioso en la mejora de la calidad de vida, la funcionalidad, la independencia y la adquisición de estilos de vida saludables.

The systematic and programmed control and evaluation of the external and internal load of high-performance athletes during training sessions and high-level competitions allows the coaching staff to know a great amount of information to evaluate the physical condition of the players and the tactical positioning as well as to identify optimal performance. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the external and internal load of wheelchair basketball players during training and competition matches considering the functional classification of the players. WIMU PROTM inertial devices were used to collect the data. As independent variables, the sporting context and the functional classification were selected, and as dependent variables, the variables related to the external and internal load were established. The results reported significant differences between the contexts, with higher values in the competition than in the training sessions considering the internal and external load. Taking into account the functional classification, it is shown that the player with a higher functional classification obtained more differences and higher values. Understanding the external and internal load of the players during training and competitions is very important to personalise the training load according to the demands of the competition. It allows development of a progressive and modular training programme of loads to obtain the best performance. Consequently, injury risk of players due to overload will also be reduced.

The quantification of the external load and internal load of professional players is of vital importance since it provides a great deal of information on the state of the physical condition of athletes during competition and training. The aim of the present study was to quantify the external load and internal load of the players of a first level team of the Spanish basketball league for two weeks corresponding to the pre-season 2022/2023. Seventeen load variables were analyzed and organized into kinematics external load, neuromuscular external load, and internal load. All variables were normalized to the same time unit (minute). For this purpose, all training sessions were monitored using inertial devices. The results show significant differences in the external load and internal load variables depending on the task performed and the specific position. Each type of task provokes different responses in the players, with Full Game situations producing the highest values in the kinematic external load variables (p < 0.05). The selection of each type of task must be adjusted to the physical and technical–tactical objective to be developed. Despite the general work carried out in the pre-season, the centers are the players who bear the greatest internal load in this period. For this reason, it is necessary to individualize the training processes from the pre-season.

The design and organization of the training tasks in Wheelchair Basketball (WB) determine the load to which the players are exposed. Therefore, the aims of the present study were twofold: (a) to identify the existing associations between the pedagogical variables and the game space that define the training tasks by a coach of a professional WB team using the integral analysis system of training tasks (SIATE) tool, and (b) to analyze the self-defined profile of the two coaches. A total of 46 tasks coded during two months of coaching were analyzed. The following questionnaires were used to determine the coaches’ self-defined profile: (i) Coach Orientation Questionnaire; (ii) Coach Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire; (iii) Coach Decision Questionnaire; and (iv) Coach Planning Style Questionnaire. The results reported a relationship between the playing space and the design of the tasks defined by the pedagogical variables. Positional situations in WB are mainly used for 1 × 0 tasks, during warm-up, by means of simple and unopposed application games. In the same way, 1 × 0 tasks are used in midfield game situations. On the other hand, coaches use the round-trip court in more complex game situations, 4 × 4 and 5 × 5, in which attack and defense contents are worked together, by means of specific complex games of numerical equality for the training of collective technical–tactical attacking schemes. Planning and evaluation of the training sessions provide knowledge regarding the evolution of the physical condition and load to which the players are exposed. The WB coaches should handle a wide repertoire of general and specific contents to improve the quality of training sessions, and consequently, the performance in the game.

The study aims to conduct a systematic review based on the results found around the Walking football, in order to know the sport rules and the benefits of it practice for health and general well-being in older adults. The search phrases were always introduced in English and computerized databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Academy. Two search phrases were used: "Walking football - And - Older adults" and "Walking soccer – And - Older adults”. To limit the search, a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were established in order to select the most appropriate documents on the subject. After the review, 18 manuscripts published up to November 2020, which met the inclusion criteria, were selected. The selected documents show that the Walking Football has benefits on a social, psychological, and physiological level. In addition, the Walking Football regulations are adapted to each training group, in order to minimize the risk of injury in older adults during its practice. Finally, the documents related to the subject are mainly Journal articles, published in 2019, and are found in the Google Academic database.

En el ámbito educativo, cada vez son más las propuestas de evolución hacia modelos educativos en los cuales se fomente la inclusión con la finalidad de generar un clima positivo por parte de todo el alumnado hacia el proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje, cuyo principal objetivo sea la aceptación de las diferentes dificultades de aprendizaje que fomente la empatía hacia las dificultades de los demás. El alumnado con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención y/o Hiperactividad (TDAH) a menudo encuentra barreras relacionadas con su perfil de inatención y/o hiperactividad que le impiden alcanzar su desarrollo integral en el ámbito educativo. Por ello, la presente propuesta de Unidad Didáctica titulada “Orientación deportiva para personas con TDAH” ofrece posibilidades para dar respuesta a estas dificultades mediante adaptaciones no significativas en el área de Educación Física. La implicación familiar y docente es fundamental en este proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, debido a la cantidad de beneficios del ejercicio físico para personas con TDAH. Además, la metodología empleada es la gamificación, pues que permite aumentar la motivación del alumnado debido a basarse en el juego como eje principal de las sesiones, de la misma forma, permite al docente controlar los logros obtenidos por el alumnado. Por ello, la gamificación se aplica a una propuesta de unidad didáctica de orientación deportiva, una práctica de ejercicio físico principalmente aeróbico. Algunos de los beneficios de la práctica de la orientación deportiva en escolares son la ayuda al desarrollo de competencias básicas, reducción del estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión y el aumento del rendimiento académico, además de la reducción de los síntomas de Trastorno por Déficit de Atención y/o Hiperactividad A su vez, permite el desarrollo de valores deportivos, de aceptación e inclusión de los demás y, respeto y cuidado hacia el medio ambiente. Finalmente, es recomendable realizar diferentes propuestas de Unidad Didáctica para otros niveles educativos con la finalidad de favorecer las competencias clave y los valores sociales.

Marcial García, Mabel López y María Jesús Ruiz (coords.) Barcelona, Los Libros de la Frontera, 2011 288 páginas

Todos los cuerpos. El cuerpo en televisión como obsesión hipermoderna. Inmaculada Gordillo, Virginia Guarinos (Eds.) Córdoba (Argentina), Babel Editorial, 2010 397 páginas

La investigación se plantea como un análisis en sentido doble: a) un análisis referencial de las campañas publicitarias presentes en revistas masculinas, y b) un análisis retórico, es decir, tópico, isotópico y entimemático de las mismas. Se parte de la hipótesis que afirma que la publicidad utiliza el tópico de la cualidad, así como los valores propios del individualismo, para mantener la ideología capitalista. El corpus está formado por la publicidad gráfica presente durante el mes de Abril de 2009 en tres revistas masculinas: GQ, Nox y Men’s Health.

La psicología de los videojuegos. Un modelo de investigación. Ricardo Tejeiro Salguero y Manuel Pelegrina del Río Málaga, Ediciones Aljibe, 2008 177 páginas

This study sought to analyze the relationship between regional body composition, swimming performance, and aerobic and force profile determined through tethered swimming in well-trained swimmers. Eleven male and five female swimmers were involved in the study and underwent the following evaluations: (1) body composition, assessed by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method (DXA); (2) swimming performance, determined for 200, 400, 800, and 1.500 m front-crawl swimming; (3) a tethered swimming force test to determine maximum and mean force (Fmax and Fmean); and (4) an incremental tethered swimming test for the aerobic profile determination of the swimmers. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was directly measured by an automatic and portable system (K4b2 Cosmed, Italy). The fat-free mass (lean mass + bone mineral content, LM+BMC) in lower and upper limbs (UL_LM+BMC: 6.74 ± 1.57 kg and LL_LM+BMC: 20.15 ± 3.84 kg) positively correlated with all indexes of aerobic conditioning level, showing higher coefficients to the indexes representing the ability to perform at high aerobic intensities (VO2max: 49.2 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1·min−1 and respiratory compensation point (RCP): 43.8 ± 6.0 mL·kg−1·min−1), which attained 0.82 and 0.81 (with VO2max), 0.81 and 0.80 (with RCP). The S200 (1.48 ± 0.13 m·s−1) was significantly correlated to Trunk_LM+BMC (r = 0.74), UL_LM+BMC (r = 0.72), Total_LM+BMC (r = 0.71), and LL_LM+BMC (r = 0.64). This study highlights that regional body composition plays an important role in swimming, and body segment analysis should be considered instead of the total body. Tethered swimming may represent a useful method for force and aerobic assessment, aiming at training control and performance enhancement.

The aim of this study was to analyse the injuries sustained by youth football players from a professional team of the Spanish League integrated into an elite academy, considering the sporting context, the month, and the category of the player throughout the 2017–2018 football season. A total of 227 players in under (U) age categories from U-10 to U-18, with two age-groups in each category (A and B), except U-18, with three groups (A, B and, C), were evaluated. Of the 242 cases, 196 injuries were observed. Injury recurrence or different injuries were observed in the same football player during the season, specifically in the older age categories. With regard to the location of injuries, sixteen different parts of the body were associated with injuries, with five of those totalizing the majority of incidence (162 injuries): the ankle (19), the foot (10), the hip (22), the knee (27), and the thigh (74). A negative relationship was observed between the sporting context and the number of injuries sustained (Rho = −0.203; p = 0.002), and a positive relationship between the category and the number of injuries was identified (Rho = 0.488; p < 0.001). Of the total, 118 injuries were sustained during training (62.8%), 70 were sustained in competitive moments (37.2%), and the remaining cases were associated with accidents outside football. The majority of injuries were muscular (101), followed by articular injuries (49), with both combined accounting for 150 of the total injuries. Though no relationship was observed between month and number of injuries (Rho = −0.024; p = 0.707), the months associated with the restart of training routines after interruptions (August, September, and January) were the highest, other than May, in which the highest number of injuries was observed. The findings in this study suggested that it is advisable to carry out a greater number of hours of injury prevention training in U-16 and U-18. Coaches should routinely monitor young players’ development in order to adapt and balance training interventions to individual needs, and they should consider implementing specific injury risk mitigation strategies in youth football based on the long-term development of the football players. Additionally, it is our understanding that it is essential to program, perform, and monitor specific training sessions or even specific training tasks considering the player’s category and long-term sporting development.

Este trabajo aborda la inclusión de deportes alternativos en las clases de Educación Física. Mediante el uso de los juegos alternativos en las sesiones de Educación Física, se pueden desarrollar diferentes objetivos del currículo, así como fomentar valores esenciales, aumentar la participación de los alumnos y alumnas durante las clases y a su vez, la motivación y atracción por las clases de Educación Física. Para desarrollar los deportes alternativos en el aula, es importante la implementación de la metodología comprensiva, partiendo de los aspectos más globales del deporte y poco a poco centrando la atención en aspectos más técnicos. Por ello, en este documento se recogen los aspectos básicos de juego del UniHoc con el objetivo de facilitar a los docentes de Educación Física el desarrollo de este deporte en las sesiones de Educación Física. Algunos de los beneficios de los deportes alternativos es su gran aceptación por parte de todo el alumnado debido a que sus reglas son simples y permiten mucha versatilidad pudiendo ser adaptadas a diferentes necesidades. Por último, los deportes alternativos ayudan a proponer nuevas situaciones educativas y recreativas.

Advertising creativity has been scarcely operationalized and, considering the irregular lists of formats drawn up to date, few are the studies that have addressed the classification of the formulas or sources that help to create advertising messages. The aim of this study is to make a contribution in this respect by positing audiovisual narrative genres as useful and prolific sources for gaining strategic insights and establishing creative concepts. To this end, a content analysis was performed on a sample of 411 ads picking up awards or shortlisted at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity (2009-2018). Besides the audiovisual genre, positioning and product categories are also examined. The results indicate the importance of genres, especially comedy and drama, in advertising, while providing several practical pointers as regards their strategic and creative implications.

La pesca de pequeña escala es relevante. Sin embargo, aspectos como la sobrepesca, el crecimiento de la población humana, el estado de los stocks, influyen en la adopción de estrategias de diversificación económica por los pescadores. Este artículo investiga cómo evoluciona este proceso, identificando éxitos y desafíos, y sus contribuciones en los ODS de la Agenda 2030. Se realizó una revisión de alcance y análisis crítico de publicaciones del 2017 al 2022. Se encontró que el proceso de diversificación se gesta a nivel mundial, independientemente de las disimilitudes entre flotas. La diversificación muestra dos vías principales de evolución: en las actividades pesqueras y en actividades no pesqueras de acuerdo al patrimonio de cada región, destacando actividades turísticas, servicios de transporte, alimentos y acuicultura. La política pública, la capacitación y la integración del conocimiento académico se identifican como elementos de éxito, mientras que el control del mercado por mayoristas, sistemas de cuotas y una débil gobernanza destacan como desafíos. Se reconocen aportes importantes en seguridad alimentaria, reducción de pobreza y empleos dignos. No hay evidencia concluyente de sus impactos en ecosistemas sanos.

Psychosocial work factors are implicated in the development of stress and job satisfaction. This relationship has been scarcely studied in so-called singular activities, as is the case of professional drivers. This cross-sectional study of 601 professional drivers assesses psychosocial risks and job satisfaction using Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and Overall Job Satisfaction questionnaire models. The values of the psychosocial scales of professional drivers were compared with thresholds values of the Spanish working population. The relationships of the psychosocial scales with the level of job satisfaction were examined using logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, length of driving license and years of experience. In general, professional drivers have an unfavorable psychosocial environment compared to the average Spanish workers. The relationship between psychosocial scales and job satisfaction is observed, with the most influential variables being the meaning and development of work, integration in the company, social relations, esteem and level of psychological demands.

Basketball, an intermittent sport with a high impact load, presents a strong probability of lower limb injuries. These injuries can be caused by poor quantification of loads, very intense training sessions or even asymmetries in the lower extremities. The main aim of the present study is to identify whether asymmetries exist in basketball. Specifically, asymmetries depending on: (i) type of task, (ii) type of game situation, (iii) specific positions while training and (iv) specific positions while competing. It is hypothesized that there will be no significant differences between the different conditions. For this purpose, all the training sessions and matches of a professional basketball team belonging to the First Spanish Division were monitored during the preseason. WIMU PROTM inertial devices were used for data collection. The statistical analysis compared the different cases with an ANOVA test. The results do not show significant differences in the values collected among the type of task, the game situation and the positions of the individual players. It can be concluded that basketball is a symmetrical sport. Despite this, the coaching staff should carefully monitor the training loads and asymmetries of the players to avoid the risk of injury.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue valorar el senderismo con Joëlette como medio de inclusión de las personas con discapacidad. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura existente relacionada con el uso de la Joëlette en las personas con discapacidad en diferentes bases de datos (Google Scholar, Dialnet y Web of Science). Para refinar la búsqueda, se establecieron unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión de los documentos, obteniéndose así un número de cinco documentos finales. Como resultado, se obtiene que es necesario una mayor investigación al respecto debido a la falta de concienciación de la población y dar a conocer otro tipo de deporte inclusivo. La documentación seleccionada es escasa, por lo que se deben llevar a cabo otras investigaciones y promover este tipo de deportes en personas con discapacidad.

En una revisión de la literatura clásica sobre los instrumentos musicales tradicionales mexicanos, resaltan varios resultados: los estudiosos, entre los que me incluyo, han hablado de forma indistinta de la organografía y de la organología como los marcos conceptuales y metodológicos para el estudio del instrumento musical tradicional. Lo anterior ha conllevado a construir cierta ambigüedad epistemológica al momento de utilizar dichos términos, los cuales han sido entendidos como disciplinas, métodos, artes, ciencias y, principalmente, como un sistema de taxonomías. La mayoría de estos son estudios enfocados en el instrumento abordado como un objeto material inanimado, clasificable y descrito bajo un modelo universal y homogeneizador. En el presente texto se pretende presentar una revisión acerca del estudio de los instrumentos musicales tradicionales en México, para así exponer una propuesta metodológica propia —diferente a la organología y organografía— para el estudio del instrumento desde un enfoque denominado “etnolaudería”, el cual propone estudiar los instrumentos musicales y sonoros partiendo de la tradición y desde una perspectiva procesual —como cultura y en la cultura— desde los diversos contextos de producción (atendiendo las dimensiones: corporal, material y simbólica); concentrando con ello la atención en los especialistas hacedores de instrumentos de cuerda: violeros, vigoleros, lauderos, guitarreros, ebanistas, setimuriecha, guitarrachiketl, kuachichiketl, p'as b'ometik, etc.

Social networking sites and mobile communication have progressively encouraged the proliferation of certain surveillance and control practices employed by users on a daily basis. Platforms like Facebook and Instagram and devices such as mobile phones have normalised forms of horizontal surveillance, which have begun to be accepted by citizens as the norm. Thus, this paper examines a series of lateral and social surveillance practices that demonstrate a more deliberate and reprehensible behaviour on the part of users by focusing on the conflicts arising from the lack of privacy and control and the deficient management of inappropriate or annoying content in the social networking site environment. To this end, 311 students of the Universidad de Sevilla aged between 18 and 26 were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The survey results show that the majority of the respondents acknowledged having felt being spied on social networking sites, as well as having ended up at loggerheads with acquaintances as a consequence of having shared personal content with others. Lastly, it is apparent that, despite present concerns about the absence of privacy and control and inappropriate or annoying content, users believe that these are risks well worth running for the sake of sharing on social media.

La Educación Física Inclusiva permite llevar a cabo una participación por parte de todo el alumnado presente en las aulas, independientemente de sus capacidades. Por ello, en este estudio se lleva a cabo una propuesta de Unidad Didáctica para la asignatura de Educación Física relacionada con el Goalball como deporte para personas con discapacidad visual o ciegas. Además, se presentan los diferentes apartados que conforman una Unidad Didáctica, así como las diferentes adaptaciones y metodologías a emplear en el aula. La asignatura de Educación Física puede ser un pilar fundamental a la hora de trabajar la inclusión a través del deporte inclusivo como contenido de la asignatura, con la finalidad de desarrollar los objetivos y contenidos propuestos por el docente. Además, esta asignatura puede ser una herramienta de inclusión y de mejora de actitudes hacia las personas con discapacidad. Para finalizar, es recomendable llevar a cabo diferentes propuestas para diferentes niveles educativos con el objetivo de desarrollar una actitud positiva por parte del alumnado hacia las personas con discapacidad.

Honey is a very appreciated product for its nutritional characteristics and its benefits for human health, comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. These attributes depend on the specific composition of each honey variety, with the botanical origin as one of the distinctive features. Indeed, honeydew and blossom honeys show different physicochemical properties, being the antioxidant capacity, mainly relying on the phenolic compound content, one of the most important. In this work, Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) index, total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant capacity based on the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were determined for a total of 73 honeys (50 blossom honeys and 23 honeydew honeys). Mean content of oxidizable species (FC index) ranges from 0.17 to 0.7 mg eq. gallic acid g−1, with honeydew honeys being the ones with higher values. Regarding TFC, mean values above 1.5 mg eq. quercetin g−1 (method applied in the absence of NaNO2) were obtained for honeydew honeys and heather honey. Lower and not discriminatory values (below 0.3 mg eq. epicatechin g−1) were obtained in the presence of NaNO2. The maximum antioxidant capacity was observed for thyme honeys (2.2 mg eq. Trolox g−1) followed by honeydew and heather honeys. Individually, only the FC index was able to discriminate between honeydew and blossom honeys, while the other spectroscopic indexes tested allowed the differentiation of some honey types according to the botanical origin. Thus, a holistic treatment of the results was performed using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification purposes using FC, TFC, and FRAP results as data. Honeydew and blossom honey were satisfactorily discriminated (error 5%). In addition, blossom honeys can be perfectly classified according to their botanical origin based on two-class PLS-DA classification models.

Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease known for centuries; however, little research has been conducted on the effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) on fish metabolism. The main objective of this study was to assess different hepatic compounds observed in goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed C-CTX1 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Thirteen goldfish were treated with C-CTX1-enriched flesh and sampled on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43. On day 43, two individuals, referred to as ‘Detox’, were isolated until days 102 and 121 to evaluate the possible recovery after returning to a commercial feed. At each sampling, hepatic tissue was weighed to calculate the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and analyzed for the metabolomics study; animals fed toxic flesh showed a higher HSI, even greater in the ‘Detox’ individuals. Furthermore, altered concentrations of alanine, lactate, taurine, glucose, and glycogen were observed in animals with the toxic diet. These disturbances could be related to an increase in ammonium ion (NH4+) production. An increase in ammonia (NH3) concentration in water was observed in the aquarium where the fish ingested toxic meat compared to the non-toxic aquarium. All these changes may be rationalized by the relationship between CTXs and the glucose–alanine cycle.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) and influenza vaccines’ effectiveness (VE) during an outbreak setting. Methods: We compared the performance of a RIDT with RT-PCR for influenza virus detection in influenza-like illness (ILI) patients enrolled during the 2016/17 season in Mexico City. Using the test-negative design, we estimated influenza VE in all participants and stratified by age, virus subtype, and vaccine type (trivalent vs quadrivalent inactivated vaccines). The protective value of some clinical variables was evaluated by regression analyses. Results: We enrolled 592 patients. RT-PCR detected 93 cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 55 of AH3N2, 141 of B, and 13 A/B virus infections. RIDT showed 90.7% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity for influenza A virus detection, and 91.5% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for influenza B virus detection. Overall VE was 33.2% (95% CI: 3.0–54.0; p = 0.02) against any laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. VE estimates against influenza B were higher for the quadrivalent vaccine. Immunization and occupational exposure were protective factors against influenza. Conclusions: The RIDT was useful to detect influenza cases during an outbreak setting. Effectiveness of 2016/17 influenza vaccines administered in Mexico was low but significant. Our data should be considered for future local epidemiological policies. Keywords: Influenza virus infection, Rapid influenza diagnostic test, Influenza vaccines, Vaccine effectiveness

En la actualidad, aplicar una Educación Física Inclusiva en su máxima amplitud reside en que esta permite a los alumnos cooperar y mostrar respecto hacia las diferencias. Por ello, el trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de Unidad Didáctica para Educación Física relacionada con los Deportes Adaptados para personas con discapacidad visual o ciegas. Además, se describe el origen de estos deportes y algunas propuestas para poder llevarlos a cabo en el aula. Igualmente, se presentan los diferentes apartados que forman una Unidad Didáctica, incluyendo tanto las adaptaciones curriculares cómo las orientaciones básicas para poder llevarla a cabo en las clases. La asignatura de Educación Física es un pilar fundamental a la hora de promocionar la inclusión en el contexto educativo. Por tanto, es recomendable realizar diferentes propuestas para otros niveles educativos con la finalidad de favorecer las actitudes positivas del alumnado hacia las desigualdades.

Wheat crop production needs nitrogen (N) for ensuring yield and quality. High doses of inorganic N fertilizer are applied to soil before sowing (basal dressing), with additional doses supplied along the cultivation (top dressing). Here, a long-term wheat field trial (12 plots), including four conditions (control, N top dressing, Trichoderma harzianum T34 seed-inoculation, and top dressing plus T34) in triplicate, was performed to assess, under high basal N fertilization, the influence of these treatments on crop yield and root microbial community shaping. Crop yield was not affected by top dressing and T. harzianum T34, but top dressing significantly increased grain protein and gluten contents. Twenty-seven-week old wheat plants were collected at 12 days after top dressing application and sampled as bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere compartments in order to analyze their bacterial and fungal assemblies by 16S rDNA and ITS2 high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Significant differences for bacterial and fungal richness and diversity were detected among the three compartments with a microbial decline from bulk soil to root endosphere. The most abundant wheat root phyla were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria for bacteria, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota for fungi. An enrichment of genera commonly associated with soils subjected to chemical N fertilization was observed: Kaistobacter, Mortierella, and Solicoccozyma in bulk soil, Olpidium in rhizosphere, and Janthinobacterium and Pedobacter in root endosphere. Taxa whose abundance significantly differed among conditions within each compartment were identified. Results show that: (i) single or strain T34-combined application of N top dressing affected to a greater extent the bulk soil bacterial levels than the use of T34 alone; (ii) when N top dressing and T34 were applied in combination, the N fertilizer played a more decisive role in the bacterial microbiome than T34; (iii) many genera of plant beneficial bacteria, negatively affected by N top dressing, were increased by the application of T34 alone; (iv) bulk soil and rhizosphere fungal microbiomes were affected by any of the three treatments assayed; and (v) all treatments reduced Claroideoglomus in bulk soil but the single application of T34 raised the rhizosphere levels of this mycorrhizal fungus.

Abstract Background The invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt has received considerable attention in recent years due to its rapid geographic expansion and massive proliferation, which have altered habitat availability for benthic species and triggered negative effects on stream ecosystems. We evaluated the changes in the community structure of phytobenthos caused by the temporal variation in D. geminata coverage, in addition to the environmental variables correlated with the temporal variation of this invasive microalga in the Andean sector of the Biobio River basin, Chile. Methods Environmental parameters were measured during the austral summer of 2014–2015, when phytobenthos samples were collected and used to develop a relative abundance matrix of taxa by calculating species richness and Shannon diversity. Multivariate techniques were used to establish the relationships among environmental variables, including D. geminata coverage, and the phytobenthic community. Results Massive proliferation of D. geminata occurs during summer (December–January). According to multiple regression analysis, electrical conductivity, temperature and total phosphorus were the variables that best explained the variation in D. geminata coverage. When D. geminata coverage was over 50%, phytobenthic species richness was significantly higher than at the uninvaded site, without a significant change in Shannon diversity. In addition, the % coverage of this invasive microalga and total phosphorus concentration were variables that differentiated phytobenthic communities among the study sites. Conclusions Environmental factors such as conductivity, temperature and total phosphorus concentration influenced the temporal variability of D. geminata mats. In addition, the massive growth of this invasive diatom caused a higher species richness without altering Shannon diversity. Our results suggest that the spatio-temporal variability of D. geminata correlated with environmental variables will help predict the habitat suitability of this alga in other Andean rivers and allow a better understanding of ecological habitat alterations.

El Ministerio del Tiempo (TVE, 2015-) se ha convertido en una de las referencias nacionales en el uso de estrategias transmedia. En este sentido, destaca la obra autónoma Tiempo de valientes: el diario sonoro de Julián Martínez en Cuba (1898), un podcast en el que el personaje interpretado por Rodolfo Sancho abandona el programa televisivo y se convierte en protagonista de su particular spin-off, el cual mantendrá, no obstante, continuos lazos con la trama central. Frente a las posibilidades transmedia de la serie ideada por los hermanos Olivares, la presente investigación se centra en el análisis narrativo estructural de los elementos espaciales y temporales de la ficción sonora, atendiendo, asimismo, a la evolución de Julián Martínez dentro del relato; un héroe en crisis que tras cruzar el umbral de la puerta 40 dirección al conflicto hispano-estadounidense de Cuba en 1898, deberá enfrentarse a diferentes pruebas antes de poder retornar a casa, en el caso de que esto fuese posible.