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In this study, the cointegration relationship between human capital and economic growth is examined by using five different economic growth measures and it is tried to estimate the long-term effect of human capital on economic growth for Turkey. The sample covers the period of 1961-2019, and all analyzes were carried out with the ARDL technique. The cointegration test findings obtained from the ARDL bounds test indicate that human capital and economic growth in Turkey are cointegrated and therefore act together in the long run. This common movement remains valid in all four models. In addition, it is seen that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between human capital and economic growth for the four models in the long run. In conclusion, the diagnostic test results show that none of the four different models suffer from autocorrelation and varying variance problems, and each model is stable in terms of parameter stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the long-term relationship between inflation on fertility rate in Turkey for the periods of 1960-2019 by employing two different measures of inflation. In that sense our hypothesis asserts that higher inflation rate lowers fertility rate in Turkey. Based on the findings of KPSS stationarity test, our series are integrated order either zero or one, and thus we used ARDL boundary test approach for cointegration analyses. According to cointegration test results, fertility rate is co-integrated with consumer price index and GDP deflator, and thus they move together in the long-run in Turkey. We found a negative statistically significant long-run relationship between inflation and fertility rate. More explicitly, if consumer price index goes up by %1 then fertility rate goes down by %0.035673 and if GDP deflator increases by %1 then fertility rate drops by %0.034813 in the long-run in Turkey. Meantime, except autocorrelation problem, the both models do not suffer from heteroskedasticity and non-normality problems and are stable based on several diagnostic tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]