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Kazuo Ishiguro’s challenging novel, The Buried Giant, embodies how contemporary writers and readers have to discover the voices buried in our history. By avoiding setting or connecting the modern and contemporary historical incidents such as World War II this time, Ishiguro ventures into retelling myth, transfiguring historical facts, and revealing what has been forgotten in a process of establishing history and creating mythology. As generally known, modernist writers in the twentieth century employed materials from authorized classical mythologies, especially Greek mythology. As an heir of this tradition, Ishiguro imposes his mission of criticizing the repeatedly occurring yet easily-forgotten history of dictatorship and a slaughter on mythology based on King Arthur and its related heroes and myths in Britain. On an open ground, Ishiguro can start his own mythical story and space., {"references":["K. Ishiguro, The Buried Giant, London: Farber & Farber, 2015.","\"The Persistence – And Impermanence – of Memory in 'The Buried Giant,'\" An Interview of Kazuo Ishiguro, npr.org, Web, 24 Jan. 2016.","E. Chang, \"A Language that Conceals: An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro, author of The Buried Giant,\" An Interview of Kazuo Ishiguro, Electric Literature 27 March 2015, Electricliterature. Com, Web, 24 Jan. 2016.","P. Ricoeur, Memory, History, and Forgetting, trans., from La Mémoire, l'historie, l'oubli, by Kathleen Blamey and David Pellauer, Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.","Y. Teo, Kazuo Ishiguro and Memory, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.","T. Morris-Suzuki, The Past within Us: Media, Memory, History, London: Verso, 2005.","B. W. Shaffer, Understanding Kazuo Ishiguro, Columbia: U of South California P, 1998.","G. Wood, \"Kazuo Ishiguro: 'Most Countries Have Got Big Things They've Buried,\" Telegraph 27 Feb., 2015, Telegraph, Web, 24 Jan., 2016.","J and C. Bord, Ancient Mysteries of Britain, London: Grafton, 1986.\n[10]\tJ. J. White, Mythology in the Modern Novel: A Study of Prefigurative Techniques, Princeton: Princeton UP, 1971.\n[11]\tA. Alter, \"For Kazuo Ishiguro, 'The Buried Giant' is a Departure,\" A Review of Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant, New York Times 19 Feb. 2015, NyTimes. Com, Web. 24 Jan. 2016.\n[12]\tN. Gaiman, \"Kazuo Ishiguro's 'The Buried Giant,\" A Review of Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant, New York Times 25 Feb. 2015, NyTimes. Com, Web. 12 Dec. 2015.\n[13]\tL. A. Finke and M. B. Shichtman, King Arthur and the Myth of History, Gainesville: UP of Florida, 2004.\n[14]\tC. R. Fee, Gods, Heroes, and Kings, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001.\n[15]\tB. Richard, Myths and Legends of the British Isles, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 1999.\n[16]\tG. Ashe, Mythology of the British Isles, London: Michelin, 1990.\n[17]\tR.L. Walkowitz, \"Preface: Global Ishiguro,\" C.F. Wong and H. Yildiz, eds., Kazuo Ishiguro in a Global Context, Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2015, xi-xv.\n[18]\tE. Horton, Contemporary Crisis Fictions: Affect and Ethics in the Modern British Novel, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014."]}

The 21th century has already witnessed the rapid globalization of catastrophes caused by layered political, social, religious, cultural, and environmental conflicts. The post 9/11 literature that reflects these characteristics retells the experiences of those who are, whether directly or indirectly, involved in the globalized catastrophes of enlarging and endangering their boundaries and consequences. With an Irish-Turkish origin, a Dutch and British educational background, and as an American green-card holder, Joseph O’Neill challenges this changing circumstances of the expanding crisis. In his controversial novel, Netherland (2008), O’Neill embodies the deeply-rooted compromises, the transplanted conflicts, and human internalized crisis in post 9/11 New York City. O’Neill presents to us the transition between Netherland to New York with a post-colonial perspective. This internalized conflicts are revised in The Dog (2014) in which a newly-constructing and expanding global city of gold, Dubai, represents the transitional location from New York City. Through these two novels, words and voices are migrating beyond cultural and political boundaries and discussing what a collective mind embodies in this globalized society., {"references":["W. Skidelsky, \"Joseph O'Neill: 'It's not my fault if every time I sit down to write, something big happens!,\" Interview of Joseph O'Neill, The Guardian 10Aug. 2014, theguardian.com, web, 22 Nov. 2015.","J. O'Neill, Netherland, New York: Pantheon, 2008.","J. O'Neill, The Dog, New York: Fourth Estate, 2014.","J. A. Kroessler, New York Year by Year: A Chronology of the Great Metropolis, New York: New York UP, 2002.","T. Bender, The Unfinished City: New York and the Metropolitan Idea, New York: The New P, 2002.","G. J. Lankevich, American Metropolis: A History of New York City, New York: New York UP, 1998.","T. Hosoi, ed, The 60 Chapters to Know the UAE, Tokyo: Akashi, 2011.","S. Ali, Dubai: Gilded Cage, New Haven: Yale UP, 2010.","Y. Sano. Dobai no Machi Zukuri (The Establishment of Dubai), Tokyo: Keio Gijuku UP, 2009.\n[10] J. Wood, \"Beyond a Boundary,\" Review of Netherland by Joseph O'Neill, The New Yorker 26 May 2008, newyorker.com, web, 22 Nov. 2015.\n[11] N. Cochy and O. Gaudin, \"An Interview with Joseph O'Neill,\" Transatlantica Jan. 2013, Transatlantica, Revues, org, web, 22 Nov.2015.\n[12] H. C. Kim, Netherland by Joseph O'Neill's and President Barak Obama's America: A Historical Literary Examination, London: The Hemit Kingdom, 2010.\n[13] M. Kakutani, \"A Life Lost in Translation Without Much to Translate,\" Review of The Dog by Joseph O'Neill, The New York Times 1 Sep. 2014, nytimes.com, web, 31 Jan.2016.\n[14] L. Osborne, \"Time Out Dubai,\" Review of The Dog by Joseph O'Neill, The New York Times 4 Sep. 2014, nytimes.com, web, 22 Nov. 2015.\n[15] R. Collins, \"The Dog by Joseph O'Neill review – High-Life High Comedy,\" Review of The Dog by Joseph O'Neill, The Guardian 16 Aug. 2014, theguardian.com, web, 31 Jan. 2016.\n[16] J. Lee, \"Nothing Happened: An Interview with Joseph O'Neill,\" The Paris Review 3 Oct. 2014, theparisreview.org, web, 22 Nov. 2015."]}