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The article presents the analysis results on the study of physical-mechanical properties of soils in Uzbekistan and experimental studies on the influence of parameters and rational geometric shape of working tools on the quality of soil tillage while reducing energy costs. It has been established that soil moisture and hardness in the periods of basic and pre-sowing tillage differ significantly according to weather conditions, agrophonous background, and sowing and harvesting technology of agricultural crops. The peculiarities of different soils and the main directions of preserving and increasing their fertility are considered. The problems of optimization of physical properties and issues of the fertility state of irrigated soils are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the problems of improving soil's basic physical and mechanical properties. The use of effective technologies for improving and ameliorating irrigated lands, increasing fertility, and reducing and preventing soil salinization is proposed. For prevention of decrease and preservation of soil fertility, purposeful measures on improvement of physical properties of soils are recommended, the mechanism of which solution is the application of innovative technology of processing providing purposeful growth and development of root system, moderate moisture of soil, increased water permeability, moisture stocks, and reduction of salinization. To prevent intensive moisture evaporation after deep tillage, it is recommended to carry out agrophobic treatment by maximum leveling and creating a shallow crumbly surface layer. To substantiate the parameters of the deep loosener were based on the fact that the degree and magnitude of soil deformation depend on both the shape and parameters of interacting working bodies and on the physical and mechanical properties of the cultivated medium.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the positive influence of the optimal combination of ripping elements with a stand on the quality of soil tillage and traction resistance of the working body. In the experiment, model samples of ripping elements of rectangular shape were tested on a universal dynamometer. It was found that the qualitative and energy characteristics of the working body are mainly influenced by five factors: the depth of cultivation (H), the angle of inclination of the stand (αst) relative to the horizontal, the width (b), the length of outrigger (L) and the cutting angle (β) of ripping elements.

The study detailed in the article has led to the creation of a novel botanical adsorbent. This adsorbent is formulated using a combination of chitosan, which is sourced from Apis mellifera (honeybees), and vermiculite. The primary application of this adsorbent is targeted towards the treatment of wastewater generated by the textile industry. The article also presents a comparative analysis of two distinct procedures: one involving organovermiculite and the other involving vermiculite that has been modified using hydrochloric acid. The objective of this research is to explore the potential of this newly developed adsorbent as an effective solution for treating wastewater generated by the textile sector. The inclusion of chitosan derived from Apis mellifera enhances the adsorption capabilities of the material. Additionally, vermiculite, a naturally occurring mineral with adsorption properties, is incorporated to further augment the adsorbent’s efficiency. The article systematically compares two methodologies for preparing the adsorbent: one involves the utilization of organovermiculite, while the other involves the modification of vermiculite through treatment with hydrochloric acid. This comparison delves into the nuances of each approach, assessing their respective effectiveness and potential advantages for textile wastewater treatment. This study underscores the innovative strides being taken in the field of wastewater treatment, utilizing unique combinations of natural materials to address environmental challenges posed by industries like textiles. The development of this botanical adsorbent demonstrates a promising approach to tackling wastewater issues and promoting sustainable practices within the textile sector.

Nanocrystalline FeZrN films are prepared by oblique-angle magnetron sputtering. The effect of the ion beam angle and subsequent annealing on the phase and structural states, the coercive force, the saturation magnetization, the remanent magnetization, and the induced in-plane magnetic anisotropy field has been studied. The possibility of natural ferromagnetic resonance in these films at gigahertz frequencies is estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]