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La convivencia escolar es una variable muy importante en el proceso educativo, ya que implica no sólo los conocimientos, si no la formación ética y cívica de los estudiantes. El proceso educativo requiere cumplir con obligaciones personales, familiares y ciudadanas que promuevan valores fundamentados en las normas de convivencia para poder desarrollarse en un clima sano y de cordialidad, dentro y fuera del ambiente escolar. De allí que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo proponer la aplicación de las estrategias RALF para disminuir, y prevenir conductas agresivas en los estudiantes del V ciclo de la IE 20845- Piura 2020. El estudio está fundamentado en una investigación positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo investigación de campo, con un nivel descriptivo, de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por los estudiantes del nivel primaria, la cual se ubica en 189 estudiantes de la Institución Educativa, mientras que la muestra quedó constituida por 55 estudiantes de 5to. y 6to grado del V ciclo. La técnica de recolección de datos empleada fue la encuesta y su instrumento el cuestionario. Como técnica de análisis de datos, se empleó el análisis estadístico. Entre los resultados se encuentra que los estudiantes presentan un nivel alto de agresividad, destacando la conducta agresiva verbal con 52.7%, lo cual no contribuye a la buena convivencia escolar. En conclusión, se requiere que los docentes de la institución educativa conozcan y apliquen las estrategias RALF para fomentar y afianzar un favorable clima de aprendizaje.

The study aimed to evaluate a group of health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices on pharmacovigilance in the context of COVID-19 in the Peruvian Social Health Insurance (EsSalud). A descriptive secondary analysis was carried out on a database that included responses from an online survey conducted by the Institutional Referral Center for Pharmacovigilance and Technovigilance of EsSalud. Of 144 participants, 66% showed a high level of knowledge and 81.2% had a positive attitude; however, 71.5% had an inadequate level of pharmacovigilance practice. Although EsSalud professionals demonstrated a high level of knowledge and positive attitude to implement pharmacovigilance, this is not reflected in the practice of this activity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Strategies should be implemented to integrate pharmacovigilance into healthcare activities to benefit patient safety.El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y prácticas de un grupo de profesionales de la salud sobre la farmacovigilancia en el contexto de la COVID-19 en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud). Se realizó un análisis secundario descriptivo de una base de datos que incluía las respuestas de una encuesta en línea realizada por el Centro de Referencia Institucional de Farmacovigilancia y Tecnovigilancia de EsSalud. De 144 participantes, el 66% mostró alto nivel de conocimiento y el 81,2%, actitud positiva; sin embargo, el 71,5% tuvo un inadecuado nivel de práctica de farmacovigilancia. Si bien los profesionales de EsSalud demostraron tener alto conocimiento y actitud positiva para implementar farmacovigilancia, esto no se ve reflejado en la práctica de esta actividad en la época de pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2. Se deben emplear estrategias para integrar a la farmacovigilancia en las actividades asistenciales en beneficio de la seguridad del paciente.

The present work aimed to evaluate the decomposition kinetics of ozone in aqueous media with Brazil nuts. It also intended to investigate the potential of ozonation for inactivating Aspergillus flavus, and to determine changes in nut color and crude oil lipid profile. To do so, an inlet ozone concentration of 13.0 mg L−1, at a flow rate of 1 L min−1 and 25°C, was adopted. For the ozonation process, distilled sterilized water at the pH levels of 8.1, 7.1, and 3.0 was used. The second-order kinetic model was fit to the residual ozone concentration data. To evaluate the effect of ozonation on A. flavus, the treatment was performed for 120 min at the different water pH levels aforementioned. The quality of Brazil nuts was appraised by analyzing their moisture content, as well as their color and the lipid profile of the crude oil. The sharpest decrease in the ozone concentration was noticed at pH 3.0, at which the ozone within the medium with Brazil nuts displayed a half-life of 16.14 min. At the pH levels 7.1 and 8.1, the half-life values were equal to 37.42 and 188.54 min, respectively. The A. flavus count reduced by 1.25 and 1.28 log cycles, when the water was ozonated at the pH levels of 7.1 and 3.0, respectively. Despite promoting some color alteration in the nuts, the ozonation did not change the fatty acid profile of the crude oil. In conclusion, the second-order kinetic model satisfactorily represented the ozone decomposition in aqueous media containing Brazil nuts. Moreover, as the pH reduces, there is an increase of the initial concentration of ozone dissolved in aqueous media in the presence of Brazil nuts and, consequently, a trend of reduction of the ozone half-life. The ozonation proved to be more efficient at controlling A. flavus in Brazil nuts when performed in an aqueous medium with an acid pH.

In this work, a novel technique to create positive-negative tunable liquid crystal lenses is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This structure is based on two main elements, a transmission line acting as a voltage divider and concentric electrodes that distribute the voltage homogeneously across the active area. This proposal avoids all disadvantages of previous techniques, involving much simpler fabrication process (a single lithographic step) and voltage control (one or two sources). In addition, low voltage signals are required. Lenses with switchable positive and negative focal lengths and a simple, low voltage control are demonstrated. Moreover, by using this technique other optical devices could be engineered, e.g. axicons, Powell lenses, cylindrical lenses, Fresnel lenses, beam steerers, optical vortex generators, etc. For this reason, the proposed technique could open new venues of research in optical phase modulation based on liquid crystal materials. This work was supported by Comunidad de Madrid and FEDER Program (S2018/NMT-4326), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (TEC2016-77242-C3-1-R and TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R), the FEDER/ Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (RTC2017-6321-1). Also, the Ministry of National Defense of Poland (GBMON/13-995/2018/WAT).

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 has affected the whole world as a global health pandemic in 2020. A nationwide home confinement was declared in our country by beginning of March. Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) had to adapt to new health requirements and the impact of these changes is unknown. Purpose To analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in improvement of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with maximal oxygen consumption uptake (VO2max) and control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with cardiovascular established disease (coronary heart disease, heart failure or cardiac surgery) included in the phase II of our centre CRP. Methods 510 consecutive patients were evaluated. A maximal CPET was performed for each patient from the beginning and at the end of phase II of CRP. Enrolled patients were divided in two groups: from March 2019 to March 2020 (before Covid pandemic) and second one, from the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 until February 2021. Results 296 patients were studied in preCovid group and 214 patients were studied in Covid group. There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in reference to cardiovascular risk factors and medical treatment (Figure 1). 82.7% of patients completed a hospital-based program in preCovid group vs 36% in Covid (p=0.001). Comparing the percentage of patients that accomplished the risk factors control targets between pre- and Covid group, statistically significant differences have been seen referring to systolic BP Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 changed our practice from an in-hospital based phase II CRP to a home-based phase II CRP. COVID-19 pandemic had no negative impact in the control of risk factors in our phase II patients. In our experience, despite preCovid phase II patients have a better functional capacity in terms of VO2max, the improvement in VO2max after phase II CRP persists in the SARS-CoV-2 era. This might show that an accurate structure of home-based program could also have great results. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

This article analyzes the antecedents, foundations and explanatory memorandum of Laws 29409 and 30807, Law that granted the right of paternity leave to workers in public and private activity in Peru and its amendment, respectively. The article also delves into the motivations of Peruvian legislators both at the time of legislating for the first time and in the extension of the days of paternity leave; makes an exhaustive analysis of comparative law; points out the errors or mistakes, which in his opinion, remain in the current law; establishes the reasons why paternity leave has not been the expected success and finally addresses the figure of Parental Leave, differentiating it from Paternity Leave. El presente artículo analiza los antecedentes, fundamentos y exposición de motivos de las Leyes 29409 y 30807, Ley que otorgó el derecho de licencia por paternidad a los trabajadores de la actividad pública y privada en el Perú y su modificatoria, respectivamente. El artículo además de ahondar en las motivaciones de los legisladores peruanos tanto al momento de legislar por primera vez como en la ampliación de los días de licencia por paternidad; hace un exhaustivo análisis de derecho comparado; señala los errores o desaciertos, que a su criterio, se mantienen en la vigente ley; establece las razones por las que la licencia por paternidad no se ha tenido el éxito esperado y finalmente aborda la figura de la Licencia Parental, diferenciándola de la Licencia por Paternidad.

Trabajo de Fin de Grado. Grado en Ingeniería Informática. Curso académico 2020-2021., [ES]La inteligencia artificial ha ido dando respuesta a problemas que requerían de la inteligencia humana para su resolución. Los métodos de aprendizaje profundo (Deep Learning) ayudan a la clasificación, análisis y reconocimiento de patrones. Estos métodos y otros de Machine Learning se han comenzado a utilizar en el ámbito biológico, por ejemplo, en la identificación de patrones de DNA. La unidad fundamental de la cromatina es el nucleosoma, complejo proteico formado por DNA e histonas y conforma el primer nivel de compactación del DNA en el núcleo. Se han identificado los patrones de secuencias promedio que contribuyen al posicionamiento de los nucleosomas a lo largo del genoma, pero no se ha desarrollado un método que permita el análisis individual de cadenas de nucleótidos para predecir qué secuencias se asociarán a un nucleosoma o no. La posible solución propuesta tras la búsqueda de modelos tanto de machine learning y deep learning resultó en un clasificador de secuencias de nucleótidos que predice la probabilidad que sean nucleosomas o no. Este trabajo es un reto multidisciplinar que aplica la inteligencia artificial para dar solución a un problema real biológico., [EN]Artificial intelligence has been providing answers to problems that required human intelligence. Deep learning methods help in the classification, analysis, and recognition of patterns. These methods and other Machine Learning methods have begun to be used in the biological field, for example, in the identification of DNA patterns. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, a protein complex formed by DNA and histones that forms the first level of DNA compaction in the nucleus. The average sequence patterns that contribute to the positioning of nucleosomes along the genome have been identified, but no method has been developed that allows the analysis of individual nucleotide chains to predict which sequences will or will not be associated with a nucleosome. The possible solution proposed after searching both machine learning and deep learning models resulted in a classifier of nucleotide sequences that predicts the probability that they are nucleosomes or not. This work is a multidisciplinary challenge that applies artificial intelligence to solve a real biological problem.

The aim of this study was to determine the ozone concentrations in non-sterile double-distilled water (ABDNE), non-sterile monodistilled water (AMDNE), water for sterile injection (IEA) and 0.9% saline solution (SF 0.9%), using if the DPD method. The ozonized solutions were obtained by micro bubbling the ozone gas for 15 minutes, caused by a low flow of medicinal oxygen (¼L / min), at a concentration of 56mg / L. The determination of ozone concentrations was based on the oxidative staining reaction of N, N′-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). EIA presented higher ozone value (9.94 ppm). ABDNE showed concentration in the 5, 10 and 15 minutes of ozonation, respectively, of 6.14 ppm, 7.84 ppm and 8.34 ppm. In the subsequent times, there was instability and alternation of concentration. Ozone measurement tests in SF were performed using the same method, with results of 8.08 ppm, 9.36 ppm and 9.08 ppm, at 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively. The EIA proved to be the most suitable for reaching a concentration close to 10 ppm. Studies on ozone dosage and concentrations, as well as on their by-products, should be carried out to support decision-making about safe doses for the application of this therapeutic ozone modality.

This article proposes a production method that aims to increase the manufacturing capacity of a footwear small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) to reduce backorders. Therefore, an assessment is carried out and delays in production processes, excess product transport time, defective products, and inefficient work methods are identified. This article proposes designing a Lean manufacturing method using the change management approach, whose methodology is composed of six phases. In phase 0, change management is carried out; in phase 1, the company’s current situation is reviewed using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM); in phase 2, the work area is reorganized (implementing SLP and 5S); in phase 3, production is balanced (implementing Line Balancing); in phase 4, continual improvement is established using the Kaizen tool; and finally, in phase 5, the results are evaluated. Through validation, it was possible to confirm that Lean manufacturing tools along with change management increased order deliveries by 82%.

La tesis desarrolla el cumplimiento de la Ley 29409, Ley que otorgó el derecho de licencia por paternidad a favor de los trabajadores peruanos. Esta Ley concede licencia remunerada de diez días consecutivos para aquel trabajador que hubiese sido padre, con el objeto de que el trabajador se ocupe de la atención del neonato inmediatamente de nacido. La investigación no sólo profundiza conceptos o instituciones jurídicas, también ahonda en la importancia trascendental de la asistencia del padre en el cuidado y formación de los infantes, para ello se sirve de teorías sociales, de la psicología y biología humana, es pues una investigación multidisciplinaria. La licencia por paternidad sirve de mecanismo efectivo para conjugar los ámbitos laboral, familiar y personal, también para desarrollar política pública de igualdad de oportunidades entre trabajadores y trabajadoras. La tesis además de hacer un exhaustivo análisis de derecho comparado, también ahonda en las motivaciones de los legisladores peruanos tanto al momento de legislar por primera vez como en la ampliación de los días de licencia. A su vez analiza el rol que vienen desarrollando las empresas en el otorgarla; el rol de los trabajadores al hacer uso de la licencia y el rol del Estado cuya promoción y fiscalización están a su cargo. Finalmente, la investigación ha aplicado encuestas a trabajadores varones con vínculo laboral vigente en empresas de Lima Metropolitana y que han sido padres durante la vigencia de la ley, cuyos resultados aportan a la investigación que responde a la posibilidad de seguir aumentando más días de licencia por paternidad, o el introducir en la legislación peruana la llamada licencia parental.

A novel liquid crystal microlens array with tunable multifocal capability, high optical power and fill-factor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A specific hole pattern design produces a multifocal array with only one voltage control. Three operations modes are possible, "Off", "Tunable Multifocal" and "Unifocal". The design is patterned in both substrates. Then, the substrates are arranged in symmetrical configuration. The result is a high optical power in comparison with typical hole patterned structures. Besides, it is proposed a hexagonal pattern that produces a high fill factor, specially indicated for some applications as Integral Imaging. The array has several useful characteristics for this type of application: tunability for the loss of resolution; multifocal for extended DOF; high fill factor for increase the number of views; and low power consumption for integration in portable devices. Moreover, the optical characteristics of the proposed device could bring new applications in other fields. This work was supported by the Research and Development Program through the Comunidad de Madrid (SINFOTON S2013/MIT-2790), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (TEC2013-47342-C2- 2-R) and the funding from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for the Project TEC2016-77242-C3-1-R AEI/FEDER,UE. Finally, N. Bennis, P. Morawiak and L. R. Jaroszewicz, thank the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Statutory Activity PBS-654 of Military University of Technology).