1. Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits
- Author
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Annaëlle Charrier, Eric Bellissant, Claire Fougerou, Nemat Jaafari, Sylvie Tordjman, Richard Delorme, Sylvie Chokron, Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes]-CHS (Centre Hospitalier Spécialisé lutte Maladies Mentales), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pharmacologie, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pharmacologie [Rennes], Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception ( LPP - UMR 8242 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] ( CIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ) -Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques ( LNEC ), and Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,synchronizer ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,melatonin ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Antioxidants ,Article ,sleep-wake rhythm ,Melatonin ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,prevention and treatment ,Pharmacokinetics ,Prolonged release ,Detoxification ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Circadian rhythm ,central and peripheral oscillators ,Kidney ,[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Mental Disorders ,Brain ,General Medicine ,adaptation to external and internal environment ,3. Good health ,Circadian Rhythm ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Biomarker ,clinical application ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,biomarker ,Neurology (clinical) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,biological clocks ,medicine.drug - Abstract
International audience; Background: Melatonin synchronizes central but also peripheral oscillators (fetal adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fat, gut, etc.), allowing temporal organization of biological functions through circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) in relation to periodic environmental changes and therefore adaptation of the individual to his/her internal and external environment. Measures of melatonin are considered the best peripheral indices of human circadian timing based on an internal 24-hour clock. Methods: First, the pharmacology of melatonin (biosynthesis and circadian rhythms, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action) is described, allowing a better understanding of the short and long term effects of melatonin following its immediate or prolonged release. Then, research related to the physiological effects of melatonin is reviewed. Results: The physiological effects of melatonin are various and include detoxification of free radicals and antioxidant actions, bone formation and protection, reproduction, and cardiovascular, immune or body mass regulation. Also, protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin are reported, especially with regard to brain or gastrointestinal protection, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases and oncostatic effects. Conclusion: This review highlights the high number and diversity of major melatonin effects and opens important perspectives for measuring melatonin as a biomarker (biomarker of early identification of certain disorders and also biomarker of their follow-up) and using melatonin with clinical preventive and therapeutic applications in newborns, children and adults based on its physiological regulatory effects.
- Published
- 2017