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1. Sitting vs. standing: an urgent need to rebalance our world

Author

Boris Cheval, Cédrick Bonnet, Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 [SCALab], Swiss Center for Affective Sciences [CISA], Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE], Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SCCO]Cognitive science, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, productivity, health problems, standing position, Excessive sitting, performance
Abstract

International audience; During their activities of daily living, humans run, walk, stand, sit, and lie down. Recent changes in our environment have favored sedentary behavior over more physically active behavior to such a degree that our health is in danger. Here, we sought to address the problem of excessive time spent seated from various theoretical viewpoints, including postural control, human factors engineering, human history and health psychology. If nothing is done now, the high prevalence of sitting will continue to increase. We make a case for the standing position by demonstrating that spending more time upright can mitigate the physiological and psychological problems associated with excessive sitting without lowering task performance and productivity. The psychological literature even highlights potential benefits of performing certain tasks in the standing position. We propose a number of recommendations on spending more time (but not too much) in the standing position and on more active, nonambulatory behaviors. There is a need to inform people about (i) harmful consequences of excessive sitting and (ii) benefits of spending more time performing active, nonambulatory behaviors. One clear benefit is to reduce detrimental health consequences of excessive sitting and to provide potential additional benefits in terms of productivity and performance.

Published
2022

2. Indésirables mais utiles : la gestion des eaux en périphérie d’Augustonemetum/Clermont-Ferrand.Les sites de la rue Fontgiève et de l’ancienne gare routière (fin du Ier s.-IVe s. apr. J.-C.)

Author

Ollivier, Julien, Martinez, Damien, Blondel, François, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Histoire, Archéologie et Littératures des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux (CIHAM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

3. An Introduction to Simulation Training Through the Lens of Experience and Activity Analysis

Author

Simon Flandin, Christine Vidal-Gomel, Raquel Becerril Ortega, Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Education de Lille - ULR 4354 (CIREL), Université de Lille, Simon Flandin, Christine Vidal-Gomel, and Raquel Becerril Ortega

Subjects
ddc:370, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

4. Activité et analyse de l'activité Poizat, G. & Ria, L. (2021). In E. Runtz-Christan & P.-F. Coen (Eds.), Collection de concepts-clés de la formation des enseignant.e.s de Suisse romande et du Tessin, (pp.10-12). Éditions Loisirs et pédagogie. Apprendre. Lausanne

Author

Poizat, Germain, Ria, L, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education
Abstract

(2021). In E. Runtz-Christan & P.-F. Coen (Eds.), Collection de concepts-clés de la formation des enseignant.e.s de Suisse romande et du Tessin, (pp.10-12). Éditions Loisirs et pédagogie. Apprendre. Lausanne.; Activity analysis is a rapidly expanding modality in the field of education and training. Far from being homogeneous, it constitutes a mosaic of perspectives that are more or less compatible, complementary or alternative, but which testify to the vitality of this research area; L'analyse de l'activité est une modalité en pleine expansion dans le domaine de l'éducation et de la formation. Loin d'être homogène, celle-ci constitue une mosaïque de perspectives plus ou moins compatibles, complémentaires ou alternatives, mais qui témoignent de la vitalité de cet espace de recherche.

Published
2021

5. The electrophysiological correlates of developmental dyslexia: New insights from lexical decision and reading aloud in adults

Author

Marina Laganaro, Gwendoline Mahe, Cécile Pont, Pascal Eric Zesiger, Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193, and Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE]

Subjects
Male, Lexical decision, Phonological deficit theory, Developmental dyslexia, Cognitive Neuroscience, Decision Making, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Context (language use), Phonological deficit, Models, Psychological, 050105 experimental psychology, Task (project management), Dyslexia, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Phonetics, medicine, Lexical decision task, Humans, Speech, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Visual Word, Evoked Potentials, 05 social sciences, Brain, Reading aloud, Electroencephalography, ERP, Lexical access, medicine.disease, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reading, Phonological rule, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Lexical Decision, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; Many studies have described the electrophysiological specificities of print processing in dyslexic readers, mostly using lexical decision tasks. The aim of the present study was twofold: a) to assess for the first time the electrophysiological correlates of print processing in dyslexic adults in the under-investigated context of reading aloud tasks, acknowledged to be especially relevant to investigate phonological processes relatively to lexical decision; and b) to assess whether the electrophysiological specificities described in dyslexic readers in lexical decision correspond to a different neuronal network engaged in print processing. 21 dyslexic university students and matched controls performed a lexical decision task and a reading aloud task on words and pseudowords under EEG recording. In lexical decision, the pattern of results indicates the engagement of similar brain processes between the groups, but with a sub-efficient visual word form processing in dyslexia. In reading aloud, between group differences revealed completely different distributions of the electric field at scalp between the two groups after the N2 time window, suggesting alternative processing strategies in dyslexic readers. Those specificities seem to be related to their core phonological deficits. Crucially, the present results suggest that the nature of electrophysiological divergences in print processing in dyslexic readers vary according to the task: while lexical decision task appears to be well suited to assess divergences in lexical access, reading aloud tasks should also be used in ERP investigation as it allows a better insight into phonological processes and thus be better suited in the framework of the phonological deficit theory of dyslexia.

Published
2018

6. Démarche d'investigation dans l'enseignement des sciences de la nature à l'école primaire : Effets sur la motivation et les représentations des élèves et conséquences sur la formation des enseignant(e)s

Author

Dubois, L. (Laurent), Müller, A. (Andreas), Delaval, M. (Marine), Institut Universitaire de formation des enseignants (IUFE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), Université de Lille, Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Lille - Hauts-de-France (INSPE LHdF), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE], and Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072

Subjects
motivation, concept de soi, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, education, représentations, nature de la science, Inquiry based learning, Motivation, Nature of science, Science beliefs, Démarche d'investigation, Concept de soi, Nature de la science, Représentations, nature of science, self-concept, science beliefs Démarche d'investigation
Abstract

Purpose: In the current study, we investigate the effects of new science & technology teaching materials and sequences for primary school with a focus on inquiry on aspects related to motivation (pleasure, academic self-concept/perceived competence) as well as student ideas about of science (scientific approach, usefulness of science). Sample/Setting: Participants (N = 180) were from ten 5th and 6th year classes of primary schools in the canton of Geneva (international classification: ISCED 2, UNESCO 2011). They followed one among five newly designed learning sequences with 4 lessons (90 min. each) over 2 months. Design and Methods: In a quasi-experimental pre / post design, the three dimensions “Usefulness of Science”, “Scientific approach” and “Perceived Competence in Science” were assessed by a questionnaire. Internal consistency was acceptable to good (αC = 0.72, 0.75, 0.66 at pre-test, respectively; similar at post-test). An ANCOVA with sequence type and measurement time as independent variables and gender as covariate was carried out. Effect sizes are reported as Cohen d. Results: The sequences as a whole show a positive effect on the understanding of the scientific approach (d = 0.28), no effect on perceived competence, and a negative effect on perceived utility (d = – 0.27). Some interesting findings result from more detailed analysis: Girls benefit more from the learning sequences than boys: for understanding of the scientific approach and perceived science competence a difference to the disadvantage of girls was found before the learning sequences (d = – 0.38, – 0.36, respectively), but not after; understanding of the scientific approach improves for girls (d = 0.5), but not for boys, and perceived science competence stays stable for girls, but decreases for boys (d = –0.37). Note that while most of these effects are small, they occurred after a rather short teaching time (360 min.), indicating that they are worth of interest. Conclusions/Implications for classroom practice and future research: While there are some positive effects by the introduction of new teaching sequences like the ones studied here, there are also negative findings (e.g. for perceived utility), and positive ones are inconsistent for boys and girls, and across types of sequence. To see practices evolve and really have a lasting impact on students' motivation and ideas about science developing a few new sequences is probably not enough. A systemic change including a coherent, continued development of several sequences, an intensification of initial and continuous training, and an institutional upgrading of science education seem essential. 4;1

Published
2021

7. Deposition of Extended Ordered Ultrathin Films of Au 38 (SC 2 H 4 Ph) 24 Nanocluster using Langmuir–Blodgett Technique

Author

Plinio Maroni, Alexis Chennevière, Mohammad M Dadras, Lay-Theng Lee, Michal Swierczewski, Thomas Bürgi, Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Laboratory of Colloid and Surface Chemistry (LCSC), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), LLB - Matière molle et biophysique (MMB), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA [Neuchatel] (CSEM), Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Atomic force microscopy, Scattering, Solid surface, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Langmuir–Blodgett film, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanoclusters, Biomaterials, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, Mica, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; Langmuir–Blodgett technique is utilized to deposit ultrathin films of Au$_{38}$(SC$_2$H$_4$Ph)$_{24}$ nanocluster onto solid surfaces such as mica and silicon. The morphologies of the films transferred at various surface pressures within the mono/bi/trilayer regime are studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The time spent on the water surface before the deposition has a decisive effect on the final ordering of nanoclusters within the network and is studied by fast AFM, X-ray reflectivity, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering.

Published
2020

8. Implicit associations of teleology and essentialism concepts with genetics concepts among secondary school students

Author

Marine Delaval, Florian Stern, Kostas Kampourakis, Andreas Müller, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), Université de Lille, Institut Universitaire de formation des enseignants (IUFE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072, Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE], and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Male, Heredity, Concept Formation, Social Sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Learning and Memory, Sociology, Psychological Attitudes, Psychology, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Schools, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, 050301 education, Implicit-association test, School class, Professions, Teleology, Medicine, Female, Human learning, Research Article, Adolescent, Essentialism, Science, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, education, ddc:500.2, 050105 experimental psychology, Education, Genetic Determinism, Human Learning, Sex Factors, ddc:570, medicine, Learning, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Association (psychology), Students, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Teachers, Human Genetics, Human genetics, Philosophy, People and Places, Cognitive Science, Population Groupings, 0503 education, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; In this article, we present the development and validation of an implicit association test for measuring secondary school students’ associations between genetics concepts and teleology concepts on the one hand, and between genetics concepts and essentialism concepts on the other hand. In total, 169 students from 16 school classes took part in the study, from January 2018 to May 2018. We investigated the strength of the aforementioned associations and the influence of various covariates such as gender, age, school class, or previous learning of biology on the association of teleology or essentialism concepts with genetics concepts through an analysis of covariance and a multi-level analysis. We found moderate associations between genetics and teleology concepts, as well as between genetics and essentialism concepts. These results might reflect a tendency of students of different ages and with various backgrounds to think about genes in terms of goals (teleology) and stability (essentialism), which should be investigated further in future research.

Published
2020

9. Reconfigurable Digitalized and Servitized Production Systems: Requirements and Challenges

Author

Daniel Schneider, Damien Lamy, Hichem Haddou Benderbal, Gunther Reinhart, Xavier Boucher, Audrey Cerqueus, Magdalena Paul, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Henri Fayol (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Génie mathématique et industriel (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Institut Henri Fayol, Technologies de Formation et Apprentissage (TECFA), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Département Génie de l’environnement et des organisations (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Institut Henri Fayol-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE), Bojan Lalic, Vidosav Majstorovic, Ugljesa Marjanovic, Gregor von Cieminski, David Romero, TC 5, WG 5,7, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Institut Henri Fayol, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Institut Henri Fayol-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])

Subjects
Flexibility (engineering), 0209 industrial biotechnology, Process management, 9. Industry and infrastructure, Computer science, Reconfigurability, 02 engineering and technology, Digitalization, 010501 environmental sciences, Manufacturing systems, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Product demand, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Sustainability, Key (cryptography), Production (economics), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Adaptation (computer science), Servitization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) emerged in literature during the last two decades with the aim to respond to the rapid increase in product demand and variations. The implementation of such solutions in the industry is very recent and remains difficult. In this article, an analysis of the industrial requirements and challenges involving four key aspects of RDSS (reconfigurability, digitalization, servitization and sustainability) is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with representatives from the industry. Further, the identified requirements and challenges are compared to those extracted from an extensive literature review. The findings of the comparison are divided into technology and organization oriented issues and show a strong interconnection of the four key aspects: Digitalization offers possibilities for the implementation of sustainable systems, servitization creates the possibility for companies to achieve more flexibility through reconfigurable systems and the further development of RMS offers more possibilities for digitalization and thus a better adaptation to current requirements.

Published
2020

10. Maternal stress programs accelerated aging of the basal ganglia motor system in offspring

Author

Marrocco, J., Verhaeghe, R., Bucci, D., Di Menna, L., Traficante, A., Bouwalerh, H., Van Camp, G., Ghiglieri, V., Picconi, B., Calabresi, P., Ravasi, L., Cisani, F., Bagheri, F., Pittaluga, A., Bruno, V., Battaglia, G., Morley-Fletcher, S., Nicoletti, F., Maccari, S., Rockefeller University [New York], Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S.), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]-Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondazione Santa Lucia [IRCCS], Clinical and Behavioral Neurology [IRCCS Santa Lucia], Pharmacologie de la mort neuronale et de la plasticité cérébrale, IFR114-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lille, CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo [NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S.], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], and Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE]

Subjects
Aging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Nigrostriatal development, Motor behavior, Adenosine receptors, Synaptic proteins, Integrated study, lcsh:QP351-495, lcsh:RC346-429, lcsh:RC321-571, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, lcsh:Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, Original Research Article, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system
Abstract

Early-life stress involved in the programming of stress-related illnesses can have a toxic influence on the functioning of the nigrostriatal motor system during aging. We examined the effects of perinatal stress (PRS) on the neurochemical, electrophysiological, histological, neuroimaging, and behavioral correlates of striatal motor function in adult (4 months of age) and old (21 months of age) male rats. Adult PRS offspring rats showed reduced dopamine (DA) release in the striatum associated with reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells and DA transporter (DAT) levels, with no loss of striatal dopaminergic terminals as assessed by positron emission tomography analysis with fluorine-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Striatal levels of DA and its metabolites were increased in PRS rats. In contrast, D2 DA receptor signaling was reduced and A2A adenosine receptor signaling was increased in the striatum of adult PRS rats. This indicated enhanced activity of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia motor circuit. Adult PRS rats also showed poorer performance in the grip strength test and motor learning tasks. The aged PRS rats also showed a persistent reduction in striatal DA release and defective motor skills in the pasta matrix and ladder rung walking tests. In addition, the old rats showed large increases in the levels of SNAP-25 and synaptophysin, which are synaptic vesicle-related proteins in the striatum, and in the PRS group only, reductions in Syntaxin-1 and Rab3a protein levels were observed. Our findings indicated that the age-dependent threshold for motor dysfunction was lowered in PRS rats. This area of research is underdeveloped, and our study suggests that early-life stress can contribute to an increased understanding of how aging diseases are programmed in early-life.

Published
2020

11. Does learning to read affect naming skills? Insights from ERPs during letter and picture naming tasks

Author

Pascal Eric Zesiger, Marina Laganaro, Marjolaine Cohen, Gwendoline Mahé, Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE], Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Naming, Electroencephalography, Affect (psychology), Reading level, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Fluency, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading acquisition, ERP, Children, Reading (process), medicine, Learning to read, Humans, Learning, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Evoked Potentials, Problem Solving, media_common, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Contrast (statistics), Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Picture naming, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; Numerous studies report that poor readers display low performance in naming tasks. However, very few studies have investigated the development of naming skills along with the development of reading fluency and its variability in typically developing children. In this study, we used electro-encephalographic (EEG) recordings acquired during letter and picture naming tasks to investigate how naming skills develop and, possibly, interact with age and reading level variations. Ninety-three children aged 7–12 years named letters and pictures under an EEG recording, and their reading performance was assessed. ERP results on amplitudes show that age and reading level have similar effects on the entire letter naming time-course. By contrast, age and reading level have different effects on the picture naming time-course, with a specific effect of reading level on the N1 time-interval, associated with visuo-conceptual processing and an effect of both age and reading on later time-windows. On the microstate analysis, age remains the only predictor of the variance in global electric field at scalp for both letter and picture naming indicating that reading skill is not related to a modulation of the mental processes underlying naming.

Published
2021

12. Perturbation-based training: proof of concept through the design and test of a digital training environment for medical radiology

Author

Schot, Stéphanie, Flandin, Simon, Goudeaux, Annie, Seferdjeli, Laurence, Poizat, Germain, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
technological research program, formation basée sur la perturbation, programme de recherche technologique, perturbation-based training, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], activity analysis, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, course-of-action, radiologie médicale, cours d’action, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, analyse de l’activité, medical radiology
Abstract

International audience; By contrast with most common training models, perturbation-based training does not consist in the transmission of established knowledge. It aims to produce a “shock” to encourage the making of new meanings and to foster the development of new actions. This study is embedded in a technological research program on training. It consists in a proof of concept within an ergonomic approach to training in the field of medical radiology. The aim of this study was to (i) operationalize and test the design principles of perturbation-based training, and to (ii) develop a training tool for medical radiology technicians. This research consisted in designing a digital training environment (DTE) and testing it with a trainer who did not participate in the design. We empirically documented (i) the discovery of the DTE by the trainer using interruptive verbalization data, and (ii) the use of DTE by the trainer using observations and self-confrontation interviews. Results revealed expected and potentially constructive perturbations regarding professional culture, but also unexpected and potentially counterproductive perturbations regarding training culture, that created obstacles to the appropriation of the DTE. We analyze three types of perturbation and con; Contrairement aux modèles de formation les plus répandus, la formation basée sur la perturbation ne repose pas sur la transmission de savoirs établis, mais vise à produire un « choc » pour encourager la production de nouvelles significations et le développement de nouvelles modalités d’action et d’organisation. Inscrite dans un programme de recherche technologique en formation et menée dans le domaine de la radiologie médicale, notre étude relève à la fois de la preuve de concept et d’une démarche d’ergonomie de la formation. Elle visait (i) à opérationnaliser et tester les principes de conception d’une formation basée sur la perturbation, et (ii) à concevoir un outil pour aider des formateurs à former des techniciens de radiologie médicale. Nous avons pour cela conçu un environnement numérique de formation (ENF), et l’avons testé avec un formateur non impliqué dans la conception. Dans le cadre de cette démarche, nous avons documenté empiriquement (i) la situation de découverte de l’ENF par le formateur à l’aide de données de verbalisations interruptives, et (ii) une situation de formation mobilisant l’ENF à l’aide de données d’observation et d’autoconfrontation du formateur. Les résultats font apparaître des perturbations attendues (par les chercheurs) et potentiellement constructives au niveau de sa culture de métier, mais aussi des perturbations inattendues et potentiellement contre-productives au niveau de sa culture de formation, créant des obstacles à l’appropriation de l’ENF. Nous analysons trois types de perturbation et concluons par des propositions pour la conception de formations basées sur le principe de perturbation.

Published
2019

13. Analyse du travail pour la formation : essai sur quatre problèmes méthodologiques et le recours à des synopsis d'activité

Author

Flandin, Simon, Ria, Luc, Perinet, Romuald, Poizat, Germain, Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Article issu d'une recherche en partie financée par la Fondation pour une Culture de Sécurité Industrielle., Flandin, Simon, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Analyse du travail, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Conception de formation, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Formation des adultes, Recherche technologique, Synopsis d’activité
Abstract

International audience; Cet essai se propose d’examiner quatre problèmes méthodologiques qui se posent fréquemment aux intervenants engagés dans une intervention « ordinaire » d’analyse du travail pour la conception d’une formation : (i) acceptabilité et (ii) disponibilité limitées des acteurs vis-à-vis des modalités d’intervention, (iii) multiplicité des acteurs participant au travail et des situations à analyser, et (iv) distribution de l’activité dans différents espaces et différentes temporalités. Ces quatre problèmes sont analysés et des propositions méthodologiques pour les résoudre sont émises et étayées à partir du concept de synopsis d’activité, envisagés comme des objets intermédiaires utiles à l’articulation entre analyse du travail et conception de formation. Nous déclinons et exemplifions ces synopsis d’activité sous deux formes : la chronique photographique, utilisée pour la conception d’un exercice de crise sur un site industriel, et le corpus mosaïque, utilisé pour la conception d’une formation de chefs d’établissements scolaires. En conclusion sont interrogées la nature et la fonction des ateliers méthodologiques mis en œuvre pour analyser le travail à des fins de formation, ainsi que la nature des traces d’activité recueillies ou produites.

Published
2019

14. Jalons à propos d'algèbre : La question du rapport entre algébrique et numérique

Author

Conne, François, Chevallard, Yves, Guiet-Sylvain, Jeanne, DDMES, Retraité, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [MATH.MATH-HO]Mathematics [math]/History and Overview [math.HO]
Published
2019

15. First inter-laboratory study of a Supercritical Fluid Chromatography method for the determination of pharmaceutical impurities

Author

Madeleine Hill, Philippe Hubert, Katerina Plachka, Abhijit Tarafder, Adrien Raimbault, Benjamin Wuyts, Manish Grangrade, Niranjan Desphande, Andrew J. Aubin, Fabien Mauge, Vincent Desfontaine, Lucie Nováková, Erik L. Regalado, Mengling Wong, Sophie Bertin, Alexandre Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud, Julien Lefevre, Estelle Corbel, Caroline West, Elise Lemasson, Santosh Sadaphule, Dorina Kotoni, Brandon M. Jocher, Adrian Clarke, Marion Iguiniz, Eric Lesellier, Tomas Leek, Davy Guillarme, Debby Mangelings, Yvan Vander Heyden, Loic Villemet, Ravi Yadav, Nicolas Roques, Sabine Heinisch, Philippe Hennig, Luca Gioacchino Losacco, Isabelle François, Maxime Cazes, Nathalie Da Costa, Claudio Brunelli, Jean-Luc Veuthey, William Farrell, Kelly Zhang, Roland Djang’eing’a Marini, Christophe Desvignes, Shankar Shringare, Charlene Galea, Michael J. Gray, Amandine Dispas, Sandesh Rane, Lulu Dai, Morgan Sarrut, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Geneva [Switzerland]-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratoire De Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Ecole de pharmacie Genève-Lausanne (EPGL), Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada-National Microbiology Laboratory, Chromatography & Hyphenated Techniques - Chromatographie et techniques couplées, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sanofi R&D, Analyt Sci, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tampere University of Technology [Tampere] (TUT), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Oril Industrie, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Research grants from Walloon Region of Belgium and EU Commission (project FEDER-PHARE) to Amandine DISPAS are gratefully acknowledged. Waters (Milford, MA, USA) is acknowledged for supplying all columns used in this study. Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) is acknowledged for funding the EDQM standards sent to the participating laboratories. The author wants to thank M. Heptia and B. Dahmen for technical assistance and F. Bonivert for logistic help. K. Plachka and L. Novakova wish to gratefully acknowledge the grant project SVV No. 260412/2018 and the STARSS project (Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000465) co-funded by ERDF. L. Montis (Waters) is acknowledged., Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Ecole de pharmacie Genève-Lausanne (EPGL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quality Control, spectroscopy, Salbutamol sulfate, International Cooperation, Transferability, Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Context (language use), Food company, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Drug Discovery, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), Inter-laboratory, Process engineering, Pharmaceutical impurities, Collaborative study, ddc:615, Reproducibility, 010405 organic chemistry, business.industry, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid, Repeatability, 0104 chemical sciences, Supercritical fluid chromatography, Drug Contamination, business, Inter-laboratory study, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

International audience; Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) has known a strong regain of interest for the last 10 years, especially in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. Besides the development and validation of the SFC method in one individual laboratory, it is also important to demonstrate its applicability and transferability to various laboratories around the world. Therefore, an inter-laboratory study was conducted and published for the first time in SFC, to assess method reproducibility, and evaluate whether this chromatographic technique could become a reference method for quality control (QC) laboratories. This study involved 19 participating laboratories from 4 continents and 9 different countries. It included 5 academic groups, 3 demonstration laboratories at analytical instrument companies, 10 pharmaceutical companies and 1 food company. In the initial analysis of the study results, consistencies within- and between-laboratories were deeply examined. In the subsequent analysis, the method reproducibility was estimated taking into account variances in replicates, between-days and between-laboratories. The results obtained were compared with the literature values for liquid chromatography (LC) in the context of impurities determination. Repeatability and reproducibility variances were found to be similar or better than those described for LC methods, and highlighted the adequacy of the SFC method for QC analyses. The results demonstrated the excellent and robust quantitative performance of SFC. Consequently, this complementary technique is recognized on equal merit to other chromatographic techniques.

Published
2018

16. COLLECTIVE MINDFULNESS APPROACH : STEP BACK FROM UNEXPECTED EVENTS MANAGEMENT AND COMPLEXITY OF DAILY SITUATIONS

Author

Perinet, Romuald, Flandin, Simon, Bendris, Marc, Leprince, Pierre, Le Coze, Jean-Christophe, GRTgaz, Conception Recherche Activité Formation Travail (CRAFT), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Vigilance collective, Collective mindfulness, Analyse du travail, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Vocational Education and Training, Work analysis, Formation professionnelle, Facteurs Humains, Safety, Human factors, Sécurité industrielle
Abstract

International audience; The role of the human and organizations is essential to achieve a high performance level in safety. However, the everyday management of operation always contains a part of complexity (technological, human, organizational, regulatory) and unexpected situations (interruption, change of person, time pressure, conflict of priority, rare or complex tasks, uncertainties and doubts). In spite of existing measures (schedule, prevention plan, procedure, tools...) referring to what is usual to call "rule-based safety", errors remain possible at any time during activities (lack of attention, misrepresentation, lack of communication, inappropriate decision, late action…). Collective mindfullness approach and seminar aim at creating, for managers or workers, conditions of experience sharing, allowing to reconsider serenely, "without taboo", measures taken everyday at all levels of the organization (meetings, briefings, double checks, stop point, …) to manage this complexity and the associated risks (notion of managed safety). The objective is to keep improving from simple solutions thanks to experience of participants, to their creativity and to feedback experience from others hazardous industries (in particular nuclear and aeronautical). So, the objective is to create the conditions of a better collective vigilance.; Le rôle des hommes et des organisations est déterminant dans l'atteinte d'un haut niveau de performance en sécurité. Cependant, la gestion au quotidien de l'exploitation comporte toujours une part de complexité (technologique, humaine, organisationnelle, réglementaire...) et des situations non prévues (interruption, changement de personne, pression du temps, conflit de priorité, tache rare ou complexe, incertitudes et doutes…). Malgré les dispositions prises (planning, plan de prévention, procédure, équipements…) référant à ce qu'il est habituel d'appeler la « sécurité réglée », des erreurs restent possibles dans le traitement de ces situations (défaut d'attention, erreur de représentation, communication défaillante, décision inappropriée, action tardive…). La démarche et les ateliers « Vigilance Collective » visent à créer, pour les manageurs ou les opérationnels, les conditions d'un partage d'expérience, permettant de revisiter sereinement, « sans tabou », les dispositions prises au quotidien par les différents niveaux de l'organisation (réunions, briefings, double contrôle, point d'arrêt,…) pour gérer cette complexité et maîtriser les risques associés (notion de sécurité gérée). L'objectif est de continuer à s'améliorer à partir de solutions simples faisant appel à l'expérience des participants, à leur créativité et au retour d'expérience d'autres secteurs industriels à risques (notamment nucléaire et aéronautique). L'objectif est ainsi de créer les conditions d'une plus grande vigilance collective.

Published
2018

17. How do perturbation training contribute to safety? The unexpected and the unthought as means to design perturbations in safety training

Author

Flandin, Simon, Poizat, Germain, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), FONCSI, Flandin, Simon, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
safety, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, sensemaking, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], enaction, perturbation training
Abstract

International audience; Perturbation is a training design principle that consists in disrupting standard workflow with the introduction of a significant event. Mostly used in safety-concerned organizations, it is quite widespread in practices like crisis exercises, but weakly theorized in an educational perspective. Extending Weick’s descriptive theory (1995), perturbation should be aimed at developing the trained actors’ ability to make sense under uncertain conditions, and at encouraging them to invent and perform novel actions and coordination to achieve their objective (Flandin, Poizat, & Durand, in press). Most of empirical research on perturbation training focus on its influence on team coordination (e.g., Gorman, Cooke, & Amazeen, 2010) and we don’t know much about its influence on individual and collective sensemaking, though this seems to be a crucial ability for safety ensuring and recovering (Maitlis & Christianson, 2014). We conducted an exploratory study of a watch officer’s sensemaking (concerns, expectations, perceptions, emotions, meanings, decisions, and actions) during a perturbation training simulating a “beyond behind basis” accident in a gas plant. We used ergonomics methods (direct observations, field notes, and retrospective interviews) to collect data, and the enactive framework of the course of experience (Poizat, Flandin, Sève, Durand, & Theureau, submitted) to process it. We found that the perturbation led successively the watch officer (i) to an initial state of bewilderment and collapse of sensemaking as the situation got unexpected, (ii) to accept his state of uncertainty and to look for ways to achieve his objective, even though it involved moving away from the procedure, (iii) to make several wrong hypotheses before finally understanding what happened. We analyse the most plausible training outcomes regarding the officer’s abilities of anticipation, understanding, reactivity, and invention. Our analysis suggests that the unexpected (events whose realization is predictable, but whose moment of occurrence is not) and the unthought (events that are unprecedented and highly unlikely) may be two promising perturbation areas for safety training. We make propositions for innovative design and future research, especially regarding the fact that evidence is lacking concerning the impact of perturbation training in terms of occupational activity transformation and development.

Published
2018

18. Reduced maternal behavior caused by gestational stress is predictive of life span changes in risk-taking behavior and gene expression due to altering of the stress/anti-stress balance

Author

Sara Morley-Fletcher, Lucie Deruyter, Hammou Bouwalerh, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Stefania Maccari, Jean Marc Lo Guidice, Gilles Van Camp, Eleonora Gatta, Jordan Marrocco, Jérôme Mairesse, CNRS, Université de Lille, University of Illinois [Chicago] [UIC], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, Université de Genève = University of Geneva [UNIGE], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], Rockefeller University [New York], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 [IMPECS], Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo [NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S.], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S.), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]-Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Offspring, Receptor expression, Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Gestational Age, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Maternal behavior, Risk-taking behavior, Oxytocin receptor agonist, Transcriptomics, Early-Life stress, Hippocampus, Oxytocin, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk-Taking, Internal medicine, medicine, early-life stress, hippocampus, maternal behavior, oxytocin receptor agonist, risk-taking behavior, transcriptomics, neuroscience (all), toxicology, Animals, Receptor, Pregnancy, ddc:618, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Postpartum Period, medicine.disease, Oxytocin receptor, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Receptors, Oxytocin, Carbetocin, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract

Exposure of the mother to adverse events during pregnancy is known to induce pathological programming of the HPA axis in the progeny, thereby increasing the vulnerability to neurobehavioral disorders. Maternal care plays a crucial role in the programming of the offspring, and oxytocin plays a key role in mother/pup interaction. Therefore, we investigated whether positive modulation of maternal behavior by activation of the oxytocinergic system could reverse the long-term alterations induced by perinatal stress (PRS; gestational restraint stress 3 times/day during the last ten days of gestation) on HPA axis activity, risk-taking behavior in the elevated-plus maze, hippocampal mGlu5 receptor and gene expression in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stressed and control unstressed dams were treated during the first postpartum week with an oxytocin receptor agonist, carbetocin (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Remarkably, reduction of maternal behavior was predictive of behavioral disturbances in PRS rats as well as of the impairment of the oxytocin and its receptor gene expression. Postpartum carbetocin corrected the reduction of maternal behavior induced by gestational stress as well as the impaired oxytocinergic system in the PRS progeny, which was associated with reduced risk-taking behavior. Moreover, postpartum carbetocin had an anti-stress effect on HPA axis activity in the adult PRS progeny and increased hippocampal mGlu5 receptor expression in aging. In conclusion, the activation of the oxytocinergic system in the early life plays a protective role against the programming effect by adverse experiences and could be considered as a novel and powerful potential therapeutic target for stress-related disorders. 66

Published
2018

19. Comment exploiter une masse de données pour la comparer à des traces qualitatives de l'usage d'un environnement numérique de formation ?

Author

Daubias, Philippe, Flandin, Simon, Fontanieu, Valérie, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Phénoménologie, IHM, Formation professionnelle, Learner eXperience, Teacher eXperience, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, EIAH, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, Learning Analytics (LAK), User eXperience, Instructional Design
Abstract

International audience; Notre recherche s’intéresse aux usages d’un environnement numérique de formation (ENF) en ligne par ses utilisateurs cibles (enseignants débutants). Elle s’inscrit du point de vue théorique dans un paradigme enactif de l’activité et de la cognition, considérée comme située et incarnée. Dans cette approche, les usages numériques sont conçus comme des cours d’action (Theureau & Jeffroy, 1994) (i) traçables (moyennant des méthodes de production et/ou de recueil de traces ad hoc) et (ii) donnant lieu à expérience conscientisable et exprimable (moyennant des techniques de remise en situation ad hoc). Dans la contribution résumée ici, nous nous focalisons sur la conceptualisation et l’exploitation du « traçage » des usages, en privilégiant l’angle méthodologique. Notre ambition est de contribuer au développement de méthodologies articulant, sur la base d’hypothèses théoriques partagées sur l’activité et l’apprentissage, des méthodes de recueil et de traitement de données quantitatives et qualitatives. Nous sommes convaincus qu’articuler la compréhension des usages formatifs au niveau local (analyse qualitative à grain fin) et au niveau global (analyse quantitative d’une masse de données) des utilisateurs-cibles d’un ENF (en l’occurrence des professionnels de l’enseignement débutants) est utile pour alimenter l’état des connaissances en « e-formation » des adultes et pour renseigner la conception d’ENF (amélioration de l’ENF existant ou conception de nouveaux ENF).

Published
2018

20. Improving resilience in high-risk organizations: principles for the design of innovative training situations

Author

Marc Durand, Simon Flandin, Germain Poizat, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Value (ethics), Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Organizational architecture, Process management, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Library and Information Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Originality, 0502 economics and business, Resilience (network), Risk management, media_common, Event (computing), business.industry, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Sensemaking, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, business, 050203 business & management, Autonomy
Abstract

Purpose Safety and organizational research indicates that fostering resilience in organizations is a promising way for improving safety, albeit concrete means to implement resilience are still lacking, especially in the educational field. The purpose of this paper is to propose four principles for training design derived from past and current studies the authors conduct in high-risk organizations. Design/methodology/approach Training for resilience is considered within an enactive approach of human activity building on its properties of autonomy, structural coupling, self-organization, emergence, sensemaking, and metastability. Findings The article describes four educational design principles aiming at improving individual, collective, and organizational resilience: encourage mimetic experiences; pay attention to attention and concernedness; perturb and turn into an event; support participatory-sensemaking and collective sensemaking. Research limitations/implications The training program the authors propose may be challenging to assess. Besides, the most durable solutions to improve safety through resilience are to be found at the crossroad between organizational design and training/development policies. Future research should determine the implementability criteria which are likely to support the use of the principles the authors propose, and contribute to enrich this educational foundation. Originality/value Education and training are conceived herein as high-order means to improve safety through resilience in high-risk organizations, fostering the capacity of the operators and organization to develop efficiently and in the long run. We provide independent but complementary training principles that cannot be hierarchized, but that can be locally prioritized in organizations.

Published
2018

21. Une approche sémiologique de l’activité et de la vidéoformation des enseignants : repères théoriques

Author

Simon Flandin, Serge Leblanc, Alain Muller, Lionel Roche, Céline Blanes-Maestre, Nathalie Gal-Petitfaux, Valérie Lussi Borer, Luc Ria, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Cyrille Gaudin, Simon Flandin, Sylvie Moussay, Sébastien Chaliès, Flandin, Simon, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

22. Referentiality in Secondary Teachers' Video Observation of Others' Teaching

Author

Lussi Borer, Valérie, Flandin, Simon, MULLER, Alain, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Flandin, Simon, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
ddc:370.71, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, instructional design, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], video, experience, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, ddc:370, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Enseignement secondaire, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, Vidéo-formation, teacher education
Abstract

International audience; This article presents a study of individual video-based educational sessions with secondary trainee teachers (N = 30) observing others' teaching. Within a Peircian semiotic framework, the study was designed to deepen the researchers' understanding of video-enhanced experience in educational settings beyond the usual research areas of noticing, interpreting and reflecting. Facilitated think-aloud protocols were used, the trainees' verbalizations were transcribed and the data were coded using semiotic schemes. The analysis revealed eight referentiality items jointly underlying the teachers' activities of description, interpretation, and evaluation while video observing. The results suggest the need to acknowledge the dimension of referentiality in video observation as a legitimate object of research, instructional design, and facilitation in the field of teacher video-enhanced education, especially during the induction period.

Published
2018

23. Special Issue: Considering experience to advance research in video-enhanced teacher learning

Author

Flandin, Simon, Lussi Borer, Valérie, Gaudin, Cyrille, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Education et Diversité en Espaces Francophones (FRED), Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Experience, Instructional design, Teacher education, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Teacher professional development, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, video
Abstract

International audience; Recent literature reviews in the field of video-enhanced teacher learning (e.g. Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015) show that video viewing has been increasingly used over the past 10 years in teacher education and professional development in all subject areas, at all grade levels, and all over the world. Three main reasons are identified: (i) video is an “artifact of practice” that helps create a link between the traditional theoretical education at the university and classroom practice; (ii) video viewing has been greatly eased by technical progress (e.g., digitalization, storage, edition, annotation); (iii) video viewing is a means to facilitate the implementation of institutional reforms.The effects of video on the development of teachers’ abilities (e.g., noticing relevant features, reflecting on practice) are well documented. However, little is known about teacher and facilitator experience in video-enhanced educational situations and about how to develop user/learner experience design for video-enhanced teacher learning. How do teachers’ video-enhanced experiences improve their capacity to perform effective teaching in their classroom? How can we design better programs enabling (i) teachers to live such constructive experiences and (ii) facilitators to enact more efficient educational practices? Improving our knowledge on these two specific points holds promises for the design of new programs and can be a very valuable and innovative “research and design” area.This special issue addresses such questions within different disciplinary and content-related contexts, using a variety of focus and methods to elicit teacher experience and/or facilitator experience in video-enhanced educational settings.

Published
2018

24. Qu’apprennent les enseignants stagiaires de l’observation vidéo de leurs pairs et comment l’apprennent-ils ? Une étude de cas

Author

Flandin, Simon, Ria, Luc, Flandin, Simon, Cyrille Gaudin, Simon Flandin, Sylvie Moussay, Sébastien Chaliès, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

25. Des moulins hydrauliques en périphérie d'Augustonemetum/Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme (II e -III e s. ap. J.-C.)

Author

Martinez, Damien, Ollivier, Julien, Blondel, François, Faure, Élodie, Hallavant, Charlotte, Longepierre, Samuel, Histoire, Archéologie et Littératures des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux (CIHAM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and HADES

Subjects
bois, Augustonemetum/Clermont-Ferrand Haut-Empire Bas-Empire moulin hydraulique bois meules, moulin hydraulique, Haut-Empire, Augustonemetum/Clermont-Ferrand, meules, Bas-Empire, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Deux fouilles archéologiques préventives récentes réalisées à Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme) ont permis d'étudier l'évolution de quartiers périphériques à l'agglomération antique entre la fi n du I er s. ap. J.-C.-début du II e s. et le Bas-Empire. Des locaux à vocation artisanale ou commerciale y côtoient des habitations. Ils prennent place au sein de zones marécageuses, en marge du noyau primitif d'époque augustéenne, investies au prix d'importants travaux de drainage. La maîtrise des cours d'eau traversant les deux emprises explorées s'est accompagnée de leur exploitation. C'est ainsi que des moulins hydrauliques ont pu être identifi és sur chacun de ces sites, d'une part grâce à l'important mobilier découvert lors des fouilles (bois et meules), d'autre part grâce à l'analyse des vestiges bâtis conservés. Les sites de la rue Fontgiève et de la " Scène nationale " constituent donc deux nouveaux exemples d'installations hydrauliques en milieu urbain, qui permettent d'aborder la question de l'usage de la force motrice de l'eau dans le cadre de diverses activités artisanales-la meunerie n'étant peut-être pas la seule concernée-, mais également celle de l'approvisionnement en farine des grandes agglomérations.

Published
2018

26. Faire émerger le réel du travail pour concevoir la formation: autour des enjeux méthodologiques de l'analyse de l'activité des adultes pour la formation. Revue TransFormations, n° 18

Author

Raquel Becerril Ortega, Simon Flandin, Christine Vidal-Gomel, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Education de Lille - ULR 4354 (CIREL), Université de Lille, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes (CREN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

27. Les évaluations normatives des enseignants stagiaires en situation de vidéoformation : efficacité, soutenabilité, acceptabilité et accessibilité

Author

Flandin, Simon, Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Flandin, Simon

Subjects
normes éducatives, étude de cas, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], ressources pédagogiques numériques, case study, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], formation des enseignants, digital resources for education, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, educational norms, teacher education
Abstract

Many studies indicate that teachers spontaneously and regularly evaluate while observing videos of others’ teaching, but this evaluative activity is understudied. We analyzed the activity of six trainee teachers using resituating interviews supported by digital traces. The findings show that they evaluate through four normative registers: (i) efficiency (educational potential), (ii) sustainability (self-economy), (iii) acceptability (professional ethics) and (iv) accessibility (perceived possibility to adopt/adapt identified actions). We discuss their implications for training., Alors que de nombreuses études indiquent que les enseignants en situation de vidéoformation déploient très spontanément et régulièrement une activité évaluative, la nature de cette activité reste méconnue. Nous avons analysé l’activité de six stagiaires à partir d’entretiens de remise en situation à l’aide de traces numériques. Les résultats montrent qu’ils mobilisent des normes évaluatives de quatre registres : (i) efficacité (potentiel éducatif) ; (ii) soutenabilité (économie de soi) ; (iii) acceptabilité (déontologie) ; (iv) accessibilité (possibilité perçue ou non d’adopter/adapter les actions identifiées). Nous en discutons les implications pour la formation.

Published
2018

28. Deux dilemmes typiques de la conception d'entrainements de crise : quels compromis acceptables ?

Author

Flandin , Simon, Poizat , Germain, Viney , Roger, Flandin, Simon, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), CRAFT, Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation - Clermont Auvergne ( ACTé ), Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education ( FPSE ), Laboratoire Recherche, Intervention, Formation, Travail ( RIFT ), Recherche Intervention Formation Travail ( RIFT ), Université de Genève ( UNIGE ) -Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SCCO]Cognitive science, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [ SHS.EDU ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, [ SCCO ] Cognitive science, [SCCO] Cognitive science
Abstract

International audience; Une recherche en cours sur la formation à et par la résilience inclut dans ses partenariats le Groupement de réponse aux Crises Majeures et Attentats du SDMIS69. Ce volet étudie notamment des « entrainements de crise » (EDC) conçus et mis en oeuvre au centre d’entrainement zonal (CEZ) NRBC-E de la zone de défense et de sécurité Sud-Est, et à destination des professionnels de la sécurité civile (SDIS, SAMU, hôpitaux, ARS, services de police et de gendarmerie, armée...) Les EDC sont basés sur la scénarisation d’évènements simulant et entretenant un état de crise afin de tester la capacité des participants : (i) à mettre collectivement en œuvre les procédures préétablies (objectif principal) et (ii) à s’adapter à des circonstances inattendues voire inédites (objectif secondaire). Conclus par un débriefing, les EDC peuvent notamment contribuer (i) à une validation ou à une évolution de la doctrine/directive opérationnelle de référence, (ii) au développement d’une connaissance et compréhension mutuelle inter-services, et (iii) à l’acquisition, au rappel, à l’entrainement, et/ou à la stabilisation par les professionnels de savoirs et de règles d’action. Les concepteurs de ces EDC doivent arbitrer en permanence entre des préoccupations parfois contradictoires, d’une part liées à la bonne réalisation de l’EDC (répondre aux prescriptions institutionnelles, respecter le format et le temps impartis, obtenir l’adhésion, l’implication, et la satisfaction des participants, etc.), et d’autre part liées à la dimension constructive de l’EDC (renforcer par différents moyens la capacité des participants à agir efficacement dans des situations de crise, et parfois « post-crise »). Nous expliquons dans cette communication deux dilemmes qui nous semblent particulièrement structurants du travail de conception d’EDC, et plus largement de simulations.

Published
2018

29. Pour une approche interdisciplinaire de la famille en Afrique de l’Est

Author

Rossier, Clémentine, Golaz, Valérie, Gez, Yonatan Nissim, Droz, Yvan, Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
synthèse de la littérature, Parenté, General Engineering, Famille, Afrique de l'Est, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Nous présentons ici une synthèse de la littérature sur la famille au cours des dernières décennies en Afrique de l’Est. Les textes récents sur le sujet sont plutôt rares et émanent de perspectives disciplinaires différentes, avec leurs propres techniques d’enquête, donnéeset foci géographiques. Si cette diversité apparaît comme une richesse, elle complique les comparaisons interdisciplinaires et internationales, et ralentit la compréhension de tendances communes et des spécificités locales. L’Afrique de l’Est connaissant des changements sociauxrapides, une compréhension des nouvelles configurations familiales, de leurs forces et de leurs faiblesses est indispensable. Une perspective prometteuse à cet égard – « faire famille » – consiste à redéfinir la famille et la parenté dans une perspective interdisciplinaire et àdifférentes échelles.

Published
2023

30. Assessing the Impact of Persistent HIV Infection on Innate Lymphoid Cells Using In Vitro Models

Author

Aude Boulay, Sara Trabanelli, Stéphanie Boireau, Myriam Boyer-Clavel, Sébastien Nisole, Pedro Romero, Camilla Jandus, Anne-Sophie Beignon, Nathalie J. Arhel, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, This work was supported by the Montage de Reseaux Scientifiques Européens ou Internationaux grant (N.J.A.) from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche , France, Sidaction grant for the salary of A.B., and by the Institut des sciences biologiques du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, and The Swiss Cancer League (KFS-4404-02-2018)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Medicine, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity
Abstract

Pathogens that persist in their host induce immune dysfunctions even in the absence of detectable replication. To better understand the phenotypic and functional changes that persistent infections induce in sentinel innate immune cells, we developed human PBMC-based HIV models of persistent infection. Autologous nonactivated PBMCs were cocultured with chronically infected, acutely infected, or uninfected cells and were then analyzed by unsupervised high-dimensional flow cytometry. Using this approach, we identified prevalent patterns of innate immune dysfunctions associated with persistent HIV infections that at least in part mirror immune dysfunctions observed in patients. In one or more models of chronic infection, bystander CD16+ NK cells expressing markers of activation, such as CD94, CD45RO, CD62L, CD69, CD25, and immune checkpoints PD1, Tim3, TIGIT, NKG2A and Lag3, were significantly reduced. Conversely, helper ILC subsets expressing PDL1/PDL2 were significantly enriched in chronic infection compared with either uninfected or acute infection, suggesting that chronic HIV-1 infection was associated with an inhibitory environment for bystander ILC and NK subsets. The cell-based models of persistent infection that we describe here provide versatile tools to explore the molecular mechanisms of these immune dysfunctions and unveil the contribution of innate immunity in sustaining pathogen persistence.

Published
2023

31. Unravelling past flash flood activity in a forested mountain catchment of the Spanish Central System

Author

Clara Rodríguez-Morata, Raúl Sánchez-Salguero, Virginia Garófano-Gómez, J.M. Rubiales, Markus Stoffel, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology, Institute of Geological Sciences-University of Bern, Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Departamento de Silvopascicultura, ETSI de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Laboratorio de Dendrocronología, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba]-Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), University of Geneva [Switzerland]-University of Geneva [Switzerland], Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba]-Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba]

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flash flood, Forest management, Dendrogeomorphology, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Peninsula, Natural hazard, ddc:550, medicine, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, ddc:333.7-333.9, Hydrology, Sierra de Guadarrama, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, National park, Paleohydrology, Hydrometeorological triggers, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Medio Ambiente, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Tree ring, Geology
Abstract

[EN] Flash floods represent one of the most common natural hazards in mountain catchments, and are frequent in Mediterranean environments. As a result of the widespread lack of reliable data on past events, the understanding of their spatio-temporal occurrence and their climatic triggers remains rather limited. Here, we present a dendrogeomorphic reconstruction of past flash flood activity in the Arroyo de los Puentes stream (Sierra de Guadarrama, Spanish Central System). We analyze a total of 287 increment cores from 178 disturbed Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) which yielded indications on 212 growth disturbances related to past flash flood impact. In combination with local archives, meteorological data, annual forest management records and highly-resolved terrestrial data (i.e., LiDAR data and aerial imagery), the dendrogeomorphic time series allowed dating 25 flash floods over the last three centuries, with a major event leaving an intense geomorphic footprint throughout the catchment in 1936. The analysis of meteorological records suggests that the rainfall thresholds of flash floods vary with the seasonality of events. Dated flash floods in the 20th century were primarily related with synoptic troughs owing to the arrival of air masses from north and west on the Iberian Peninsula during negative indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The results of this study contribute considerably to a better understanding of hazards related with hydrogeomorphic processes in central Spain in general and in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park in particular., This study has been partially funded by the projects IDEA-GesPPNN-163/2010 (OAPN - Organismo Autonomo de Parques Nacionales, Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacion y Medio Ambiente) and CGL2010-19274 (projects MAS Dendro-Avenidas) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The authors sincerely acknowledge Marco Borga and other anonymous reviewer. Special recognition must be given to CENEAM, Montes de Valsain, OAPN and JCyL for providing information for this study. Specifically, they want to thank Javier Dones (Director of Montes de Valsain), Ramzi Touchan and Dave Meko for their support during the study, as well as Andres Diez and Gerardo Benito and all participants of the Tree-ring summer school carried out in 2012 in Valsain (Touchan et al., 2013). R. Sanchez-Salguero thanks the financial support from University of Cordoba-Campus de Excelencia Internacional-ceiA3.

Published
2015

32. The Holocene history of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and viticulture in France retraced from a large-scale archaeobotanical dataset

Author

Bouby, Laurent, Chabal, Lucie, Bonhomme, Vincent, Baly, Isabelle, Battentier, Janet, Ben Makhad, Sammy, Bonnaire, Emmanuelle, Cabanis, Manon, Callou, Cécile, Cenzon-Salvayre, Carine, Coubray, Sylvie, Daoulas, Geneviève, Delhon, Claire, Derreumaux, Marie, Dhesse, Priscille, Dietsch Sellami, Marie-France, Dufraisse, Alexa, Durand, Aline, Durand, Frédérique, Figueiral, Isabel, Flottes, Laurie, Gillot, Isabelle, Hallavant, Charlotte, Henry, Auréade, Jeanty, Angèle, Jedrusiak, Florian, Liottier, Léonor, Marinval, Philippe, Martin, Lucie, Neveu, Elsa, Paradis, Laure, Pinaud-Querrac'H, Rachël, Poirier, Philippe, Pradat, Bénédicte, Preiss, Sidonie, Rovira, Núria, Ros, Jérôme, Salavert, Aurélie, Schaal, Caroline, Thiébault, Stéphanie, Tillier, Margaux, Toulemonde, Françoise, Vaschalde, Christophe, Wiethold, Julian, Ruas, Marie-Pierre, Matterne, Véronique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bases de données sur la Biodiversité, Ecologie, Environnement et Sociétés (BBEES), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hadès - Bureau d'Investigations Archéologiques, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (LA3M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was funded by French National Agency, ANR-16-CE27-0013 'Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Âge. Approche intégrée en archéosciences' and ANR-22-CE27-0026 'Modelling interactions between climate change and agriculture in the ancient west'. It also received support from the CNRS GDR 3644 Bioarcheodat, Opération 4 «Recherches collaboratives et thématiques»., ANR-16-CE27-0013,VINICULTURE,Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Age. Approche intégrée en archéosciences(2016), and ANR-22-CE27-0026,MICA,Modéliser les Interactions entre changement Climatique et Agriculture en Occident ancien(2022)

Subjects
Domestication, Diffusion, Biogeography, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Charcoal, Paleontology, Seed/fruit, Human-plant interaction, Archaeobotany, Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, Diet
Abstract

Grapevine and wine have deeply shaped the landscapes, economy and cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean. In France, it is considered that viticulture started in the south via contacts with Mediterranean populations (Greeks, Etruscans, Phoenicians), during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE, and spread further with the Romans. Wild grapevines were nevertheless present in various areas of the country all through the Holocene. No archaeological or historical source allows us to follow the history of grapevine and viticulture over the entire Holocene period and over the whole territory.In this paper we investigate the potential of archaeological plant macroremains (seed/fruits and wood) to trace the history of the vine on a large scale. We have assembled the largest possible database of published and unpublished archaeobotanical data, comprising 4449 site-phases for seed and fruits and 1356 site-phases for wood remains. In spite of taphonomic discrepancies and imbalances in the datasets, the different types of macroremains and modes of preservation produce consistent patterns. They provide the first comprehensive picture of the spread of grapevine, fluctuations in the economic role of viticulture and grape uses over time, although some periods and regions are less documented.Grapevine remains are regularly recorded from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age in most regions showing that human societies were already familiar with the wild plant and its fruits, especially in the Mediterranean. In this region, Vitis remains become considerably more frequent and numerous during the Iron Age, from around 500 BCE onwards, testifying to the rapid and strong implantation of viticulture. Grapevine macroremains confirm that the spread of viticulture outside the Mediterranean area occurred mainly during the Roman period. However, this expansion was limited and mainly focused on the South. The main expansion into the temperate zone took place during the Middle Ages. However, the more detailed fluctuations of viticulture, particularly in relation to climate oscillations are still difficult to follow. Pip remains are mainly associated with urban sites. This is a consequence of the actual consumption of grapes and may be evidence of a viticulture centered around urban areas.

Published
2023

33. Genetic Risk Score for Intracranial Aneurysms: Prediction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Role in Clinical Heterogeneity

Author

Mark K. Bakker, Jos P. Kanning, Gad Abraham, Amy E. Martinsen, Bendik S. Winsvold, John-Anker Zwart, Romain Bourcier, Tomonobu Sawada, Masaru Koido, Yoichiro Kamatani, Sandrine Morel, Philippe Amouyel, Stéphanie Debette, Philippe Bijlenga, Takiy Berrandou, Santhi K. Ganesh, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Gregory Jones, Matthew Bown, Gabriel J.E. Rinkel, Jan H. Veldink, Ynte M. Ruigrok, Anne Hege Aamodt, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Ben M Brumpton, Cristen J Willer, Else C Sandset, Espen S Kristoffersen, Hanne Ellekjær, Ingrid Heuch, Jonas B Nielsen, Knut Hagen, Kristian Hveem, Lars G Fritsche, Laurent F Thomas, Linda M Pedersen, Maiken E Gabrielsen, Oddgeir L Holmen, Sigrid Børte, Wei Zhou, Shérine Abboud, Massimo Pandolfo, Vincent Thijs, Didier Leys, Marie Bodenant, Fabien Louillet, Emmanuel Touzé, Jean-Louis Mas, Yves Samson, Sara Leder, Anne Léger, Sandrine Deltour, Sophie Crozier, Isabelle Méresse, Sandrine Canaple, Olivier Godefroy, Maurice Giroud, Yannick Béjot, Pierre Decavel, Elizabeth Medeiros, Paola Montiel, Thierry Moulin, Fabrice Vuillier, Jean Dallongeville, Antti J Metso, Tiina Metso, Turgut Tatlisumak, Caspar Grond-Ginsbach, Christoph Lichy, Manja Kloss, Inge Werner, Marie-Luise Arnold, Michael Dos Santos, Armin Grau, Martin Dichgans, Constanze Thomas-Feles, Ralf Weber, Tobias Brandt, Alessandro Pezzini, Valeria De Giuli, Filomena Caria, Loris Poli, Alessandro Padovani, Anna Bersano, Silvia Lanfranconi, Simone Beretta, Carlo Ferrarese, Giacomo Giacolone, Stefano Paolucci, Philippe Lyrer, Stefan Engelter, Felix Fluri, Florian Hatz, Dominique Gisler, Leo Bonati, Henrik Gensicke, Margareth Amort, Hugh Markus, Jennifer Majersik, Bradford Worrall, Andrew Southerland, John Cole, Steven Kittner, Evangelos Evangelou, Helen R Warren, He Gao, Georgios Ntritsos, Niki Dimou, Tonu Esko, Reedik Mägi, Lili Milani, Peter Almgren, Thibaud Boutin, Jun Ding, Franco Giulianini, Elizabeth G Holliday, Anne U Jackson, Ruifang Li-Gao, Wei-Yu Lin, Jian’an Luan, Massimo Mangino, Christopher Oldmeadow, Bram Peter Prins, Yong Qian, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Nabi Shah, Praveen Surendran, Sébastien Thériault, Niek Verweij, Sara M Willems, Jing-Hua Zhao, John Connell, Renée de Mutsert, Alex SF Doney, Martin Farrall, Cristina Menni, Andrew D Morris, Raymond Noordam, Guillaume Paré, Neil R Poulter, Denis C Shields, Alice Stanton, Simon Thom, Gonçalo Abecasis, Najaf Amin, Dan E Arking, Kristin L Ayers, Caterina M Barbieri, Chiara Batini, Joshua C Bis, Tineka Blake, Murielle Bochud, Michael Boehnke, Eric Boerwinkle, Dorret I Boomsma, Erwin P Bottinger, Peter S Braund, Marco Brumat, Archie Campbell, Harry Campbell, Aravinda Chakravarti, John C Chambers, Ganesh Chauhan, Marina Ciullo, Massimiliano Cocca, Francis Collins, Heather J Cordell, Gail Davies, Martin H de Borst, Eco J de Geus, Ian J Deary, Joris Deelen, Fabiola Del Greco M, Cumhur Yusuf Demirkale, Marcus Dörr, Georg B Ehret, Roberto Elosua, Stefan Enroth, A Mesut Erzurumluoglu, Teresa Ferreira, Mattias Frånberg, Oscar H Franco, Ilaria Gandin, Paolo Gasparini, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Christian Gieger, Giorgia Girotto, Anuj Goel, Alan J Gow, Vilmundur Gudnason, Xiuqing Guo, Ulf Gyllensten, Anders Hamsten, Tamara B Harris, Sarah E Harris, Catharina A Hartman, Aki S Havulinna, Andrew A Hicks, Edith Hofer, Albert Hofman, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Jennifer E Huffman, Shih-Jen Hwang, Erik Ingelsson, Alan James, Rick Jansen, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Roby Joehanes, Åsa Johansson, Andrew D Johnson, Peter K Joshi, Pekka Jousilahti, J Wouter Jukema, Antti Jula, Mika Kähönen, Sekar Kathiresan, Bernard D Keavney, Kay-Tee Khaw, Paul Knekt, Joanne Knight, Ivana Kolcic, Jaspal S Kooner, Seppo Koskinen, Kati Kristiansson, Zoltan Kutalik, Maris Laan, Marty Larson, Lenore J Launer, Benjamin Lehne, Terho Lehtimäki, David CM Liewald, Li Lin, Lars Lind, Cecilia M Lindgren, YongMei Liu, Ruth JF Loos, Lorna M Lopez, Yingchang Lu, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Anubha Mahajan, Chrysovalanto Mamasoula, Jaume Marrugat, Jonathan Marten, Yuri Milaneschi, Anna Morgan, Andrew P Morris, Alanna C Morrison, Peter J Munson, Mike A Nalls, Priyanka Nandakumar, Christopher P Nelson, Teemu Niiranen, Ilja M Nolte, Teresa Nutile, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Ben A Oostra, Paul F O’Reilly, Elin Org, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Walter Palmas, Aarno Palotie, Alison Pattie, Brenda WJH Penninx, Markus Perola, Annette Peters, Ozren Polasek, Peter P Pramstaller, Quang Tri Nguyen, Olli T Raitakari, Rainer Rettig, Kenneth Rice, Paul M Ridker, Janina S Ried, Harriëtte Riese, Samuli Ripatti, Antonietta Robino, Lynda M Rose, Jerome I Rotter, Igor Rudan, Daniela Ruggiero, Yasaman Saba, Cinzia F Sala, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J Samani, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Nick Shrine, David Siscovick, Albert V Smith, Harold Snieder, Siim Sõber, Rossella Sorice, John M Starr, David J Stott, David P Strachan, Rona J Strawbridge, Johan Sundström, Morris A Swertz, Kent D Taylor, Alexander Teumer, Martin D Tobin, Maciej Tomaszewski, Daniela Toniolo, Michela Traglia, Stella Trompet, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Christophe Tzourio, André G Uitterlinden, Ahmad Vaez, Peter J van der Most, Cornelia M van Duijn, Germaine C Verwoert, Veronique Vitart, Uwe Völker, Peter Vollenweider, Dragana Vuckovic, Hugh Watkins, Sarah H Wild, Gonneke Willemsen, James F Wilson, Alan F Wright, Jie Yao, Tatijana Zemunik, Weihua Zhang, John R Attia, Adam S Butterworth, Daniel I Chasman, David Conen, Francesco Cucca, John Danesh, Caroline Hayward, Joanna MM Howson, Markku Laakso, Edward G Lakatta, Claudia Langenberg, Olle Melander, Dennis O Mook-Kanamori, Colin NA Palmer, Lorenz Risch, Robert A Scott, Rodney J Scott, Peter Sever, Tim D Spector, Pim van der Harst, Nicholas J Wareham, Eleftheria Zeggini, Daniel Levy, Patricia B Munroe, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Morris J Brown, Andres Metspalu, Bruce M. Psaty, Louise V Wain, Paul Elliott, Mark J Caulfield, Padhraig Gormley, Verneri Anttila, Priit Palta, Tune H Pers, Kai-How Farh, Ester Cuenca-Leon, Mikko Muona, Nicholas A Furlotte, Tobias Kurth, Andres Ingason, George McMahon, Lannie Ligthart, Gisela M Terwindt, Mikko Kallela, Tobias M Freilinger, Caroline Ran, Scott G Gordon, Anine H Stam, Stacy Steinberg, Guntram Borck, Markku Koiranen, Lydia Quaye, Hieab H H Adams, Juho Wedenoja, David A Hinds, Julie E Buring, Markus Schürks, Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Susan M Ring, Brenda W J H Penninx, Markus Färkkilä, Ville Artto, Mari Kaunisto, Salli Vepsäläinen, Rainer Malik, Andrew C Heath, Pamela A F Madden, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Mitja I Kurki, Mart Kals, Kalle Pärn, Eija Hämäläinen, Hailiang Huang, Andrea E Byrnes, Lude Franke, Jie Huang, Evie Stergiakouli, Phil H Lee, Cynthia Sandor, Caleb Webber, Zameel Cader, Bertram Muller-Myhsok, Stefan Schreiber, Thomas Meitinger, Johan G Eriksson, Kauko Heikkilä, Elizabeth Loehrer, Andre G Uitterlinden, Lynn Cherkas, Audun Stubhaug, Christopher S Nielsen, Minna Männikkö, Evelin Mihailov, Hartmut Göbel, Ann-Louise Esserlind, Anne Francke Christensen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Thomas Werge, Jaakko Kaprio, Arpo J Aromaa, Olli Raitakari, M Arfan Ikram, Tim Spector, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Christian Kubisch, Michel D Ferrari, Andrea C Belin, Maija Wessman, Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg, George Davey Smith, Kari Stefansson, Nicholas Eriksson, Mark J Daly, Benjamin M Neale, Jes Olesen, Dale R Nyholt, Masato Akiyama, Varinder S. Alg, Joseph P. Broderick, Ben M. Brumpton, Jérôme Dauvillier, Hubert Desal, Christian Dina, Christoph M. Friedrich, Emília I. Gaál-Paavola, Jean-Christophe Gentric, Sven Hirsch, Isabel C. Hostettler, Henry Houlden, Juha E. Jääskeläinen, Marianne Bakke Johnsen, Liming Li, Kuang Lin, Antti Lindgren, Olivier Martin, Koichi Matsuda, Iona Y. Millwood, Olivier Naggara, Mika Niemelä, Joanna Pera, Richard Redon, Guy A. Rouleau, Marie Søfteland Sandvei, Sabine Schilling, Eimad Shotar, Agnieszka Slowik, Chikashi Terao, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Robin G. Walters, David J. Werring, Cristen J. Willer, Daniel Woo, Bradford B. Worrall, Sirui Zhou, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, AMS - Sports, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Systems Ecology, Sociology and Social Gerontology, Bakker, Mark K., Kanning, Jos P., Abraham, Gad, Martinsen, Amy E., Winsvold, Bendik S., Zwart, John-Anker, Bourcier, Romain, Sawada, Tomonobu, Koido, Masaru, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Morel, Sandrine, Amouyel, Philippe, Debette, Stéphanie, Bijlenga, Philippe, Berrandou, Takiy, Ganesh, Santhi K., Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Jones, Gregory, Bown, Matthew, Rinkel, Gabriel J. E., Veldink, Jan H., Ruigrok, Ynte M., Girotto, G., All-In Stroke, Hunt, Group, Cadisp, Consortium for Blood Pressure, International, Headache Genetics Consortium, International, Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC) Intracranial Aneurysm Working Group, International, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AUSTRALIA), University of Melbourne, University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Hôpital Universitaire de Genève = University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], University of Leicester, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CHU Amiens-Picardie, HUNT All-In Stroke, CADISP group, International Consortium for Blood Pressure, International Headache Genetics Consortium, International Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC) Intracranial Aneurysm Working Group: Anne Hege Aamodt, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Ben M Brumpton, Cristen J Willer, Else C Sandset, Espen S Kristoffersen, Hanne Ellekjær, Ingrid Heuch, Jonas B Nielsen, Knut Hagen, Kristian Hveem, Lars G Fritsche, Laurent F Thomas, Linda M Pedersen, Maiken E Gabrielsen, Oddgeir L Holmen, Sigrid Børte, Wei Zhou, Shérine Abboud, Massimo Pandolfo, Vincent Thijs, Didier Leys, Marie Bodenant, Fabien Louillet, Emmanuel Touzé, Jean-Louis Mas, Yves Samson, Sara Leder, Anne Léger, Sandrine Deltour, Sophie Crozier, Isabelle Méresse, Sandrine Canaple, Olivier Godefroy, Maurice Giroud, Yannick Béjot, Pierre Decavel, Elizabeth Medeiros, Paola Montiel, Thierry Moulin, Fabrice Vuillier, Jean Dallongeville, Antti J Metso, Tiina Metso, Turgut Tatlisumak, Caspar Grond-Ginsbach, Christoph Lichy, Manja Kloss, Inge Werner, Marie-Luise Arnold, Michael Dos Santos, Armin Grau, Martin Dichgans, Constanze Thomas-Feles, Ralf Weber, Tobias Brandt, Alessandro Pezzini, Valeria De Giuli, Filomena Caria, Loris Poli, Alessandro Padovani, Anna Bersano, Silvia Lanfranconi, Simone Beretta, Carlo Ferrarese, Giacomo Giacolone, Stefano Paolucci, Philippe Lyrer, Stefan Engelter, Felix Fluri, Florian Hatz, Dominique Gisler, Leo Bonati, Henrik Gensicke, Margareth Amort, Hugh Markus, Jennifer Majersik, Bradford Worrall, Andrew Southerland, John Cole, Steven Kittner, Evangelos Evangelou, Helen R Warren, He Gao, Georgios Ntritsos, Niki Dimou, Tonu Esko, Reedik Mägi, Lili Milani, Peter Almgren, Thibaud Boutin, Jun Ding, Franco Giulianini, Elizabeth G Holliday, Anne U Jackson, Ruifang Li-Gao, Wei-Yu Lin, Jian'an Luan, Massimo Mangino, Christopher Oldmeadow, Bram Peter Prins, Yong Qian, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Nabi Shah, Praveen Surendran, Sébastien Thériault, Niek Verweij, Sara M Willems, Jing-Hua Zhao, John Connell, Renée de Mutsert, Alex Sf Doney, Martin Farrall, Cristina Menni, Andrew D Morris, Raymond Noordam, Guillaume Paré, Neil R Poulter, Denis C Shields, Alice Stanton, Simon Thom, Gonçalo Abecasis, Najaf Amin, Dan E Arking, Kristin L Ayers, Caterina M Barbieri, Chiara Batini, Joshua C Bis, Tineka Blake, Murielle Bochud, Michael Boehnke, Eric Boerwinkle, Dorret I Boomsma, Erwin P Bottinger, Peter S Braund, Marco Brumat, Archie Campbell, Harry Campbell, Aravinda Chakravarti, John C Chambers, Ganesh Chauhan, Marina Ciullo, Massimiliano Cocca, Francis Collins, Heather J Cordell, Gail Davies, Martin H de Borst, Eco J de Geus, Ian J Deary, Joris Deelen, Fabiola Del Greco M, Cumhur Yusuf Demirkale, Marcus Dörr, Georg B Ehret, Roberto Elosua, Stefan Enroth, A Mesut Erzurumluoglu, Teresa Ferreira, Mattias Frånberg, Oscar H Franco, Ilaria Gandin, Paolo Gasparini, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Christian Gieger, Giorgia Girotto, Anuj Goel, Alan J Gow, Vilmundur Gudnason, Xiuqing Guo, Ulf Gyllensten, Anders Hamsten, Tamara B Harris, Sarah E Harris, Catharina A Hartman, Aki S Havulinna, Andrew A Hicks, Edith Hofer, Albert Hofman, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Jennifer E Huffman, Shih-Jen Hwang, Erik Ingelsson, Alan James, Rick Jansen, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Roby Joehanes, Åsa Johansson, Andrew D Johnson, Peter K Joshi, Pekka Jousilahti, J Wouter Jukema, Antti Jula, Mika Kähönen, Sekar Kathiresan, Bernard D Keavney, Kay-Tee Khaw, Paul Knekt, Joanne Knight, Ivana Kolcic, Jaspal S Kooner, Seppo Koskinen, Kati Kristiansson, Zoltan Kutalik, Maris Laan, Marty Larson, Lenore J Launer, Benjamin Lehne, Terho Lehtimäki, David Cm Liewald, Li Lin, Lars Lind, Cecilia M Lindgren, YongMei Liu, Ruth Jf Loos, Lorna M Lopez, Yingchang Lu, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Anubha Mahajan, Chrysovalanto Mamasoula, Jaume Marrugat, Jonathan Marten, Yuri Milaneschi, Anna Morgan, Andrew P Morris, Alanna C Morrison, Peter J Munson, Mike A Nalls, Priyanka Nandakumar, Christopher P Nelson, Teemu Niiranen, Ilja M Nolte, Teresa Nutile, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Ben A Oostra, Paul F O'Reilly, Elin Org, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Walter Palmas, Aarno Palotie, Alison Pattie, Brenda Wjh Penninx, Markus Perola, Annette Peters, Ozren Polasek, Peter P Pramstaller, Quang Tri Nguyen, Olli T Raitakari, Rainer Rettig, Kenneth Rice, Paul M Ridker, Janina S Ried, Harriëtte Riese, Samuli Ripatti, Antonietta Robino, Lynda M Rose, Jerome I Rotter, Igor Rudan, Daniela Ruggiero, Yasaman Saba, Cinzia F Sala, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J Samani, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Nick Shrine, David Siscovick, Albert V Smith, Harold Snieder, Siim Sõber, Rossella Sorice, John M Starr, David J Stott, David P Strachan, Rona J Strawbridge, Johan Sundström, Morris A Swertz, Kent D Taylor, Alexander Teumer, Martin D Tobin, Maciej Tomaszewski, Daniela Toniolo, Michela Traglia, Stella Trompet, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Christophe Tzourio, André G Uitterlinden, Ahmad Vaez, Peter J van der Most, Cornelia M van Duijn, Germaine C Verwoert, Veronique Vitart, Uwe Völker, Peter Vollenweider, Dragana Vuckovic, Hugh Watkins, Sarah H Wild, Gonneke Willemsen, James F Wilson, Alan F Wright, Jie Yao, Tatijana Zemunik, Weihua Zhang, John R Attia, Adam S Butterworth, Daniel I Chasman, David Conen, Francesco Cucca, John Danesh, Caroline Hayward, Joanna Mm Howson, Markku Laakso, Edward G Lakatta, Claudia Langenberg, Olle Melander, Dennis O Mook-Kanamori, Colin Na Palmer, Lorenz Risch, Robert A Scott, Rodney J Scott, Peter Sever, Tim D Spector, Pim van der Harst, Nicholas J Wareham, Eleftheria Zeggini, Daniel Levy, Patricia B Munroe, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Morris J Brown, Andres Metspalu, Bruce M Psaty, Louise V Wain, Paul Elliott, Mark J Caulfield, Padhraig Gormley, Verneri Anttila, Priit Palta, Tonu Esko, Tune H Pers, Kai-How Farh, Ester Cuenca-Leon, Mikko Muona, Nicholas A Furlotte, Tobias Kurth, Andres Ingason, George McMahon, Lannie Ligthart, Gisela M Terwindt, Mikko Kallela, Tobias M Freilinger, Caroline Ran, Scott G Gordon, Anine H Stam, Stacy Steinberg, Guntram Borck, Markku Koiranen, Lydia Quaye, Hieab H H Adams, Terho Lehtimäki, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Juho Wedenoja, David A Hinds, Julie E Buring, Markus Schürks, Paul M Ridker, Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Susan M Ring, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Brenda W J H Penninx, Markus Färkkilä, Ville Artto, Mari Kaunisto, Salli Vepsäläinen, Rainer Malik, Andrew C Heath, Pamela A F Madden, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Mitja I Kurki, Mart Kals, Reedik Mägi, Kalle Pärn, Eija Hämäläinen, Hailiang Huang, Andrea E Byrnes, Lude Franke, Jie Huang, Evie Stergiakouli, Phil H Lee, Cynthia Sandor, Caleb Webber, Zameel Cader, Bertram Muller-Myhsok, Stefan Schreiber, Thomas Meitinger, Johan G Eriksson, Veikko Salomaa, Kauko Heikkilä, Elizabeth Loehrer, Andre G Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M van Duijn, Lynn Cherkas, Linda M Pedersen, Audun Stubhaug, Christopher S Nielsen, Minna Männikkö, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Hartmut Göbel, Ann-Louise Esserlind, Anne Francke Christensen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Thomas Werge, Jaakko Kaprio, Arpo J Aromaa, Olli Raitakari, M Arfan Ikram, Tim Spector, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Andres Metspalu, Christian Kubisch, David P Strachan, Michel D Ferrari, Andrea C Belin, Martin Dichgans, Maija Wessman, Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg, Dorret I Boomsma, George Davey Smith, Kari Stefansson, Nicholas Eriksson, Mark J Daly, Benjamin M Neale, Jes Olesen, Daniel I Chasman, Dale R Nyholt, Aarno Palotie, Masato Akiyama, Varinder S Alg, Sigrid Børte, Joseph P Broderick, Ben M Brumpton, Jérôme Dauvillier, Hubert Desal, Christian Dina, Christoph M Friedrich, Emília I Gaál-Paavola, Jean-Christophe Gentric, Sven Hirsch, Isabel C Hostettler, Henry Houlden, Kristian Hveem, Juha E Jääskeläinen, Marianne Bakke Johnsen, Liming Li, Kuang Lin, Antti Lindgren, Olivier Martin, Koichi Matsuda, Iona Y Millwood, Olivier Naggara, Mika Niemelä, Joanna Pera, Richard Redon, Guy A Rouleau, Marie Søfteland Sandvei, Sabine Schilling, Eimad Shotar, Agnieszka Slowik, Chikashi Terao, W M Monique Verschuren, Robin G Walters, David J Werring, Cristen J Willer, Daniel Woo, Bradford B Worrall, Sirui Zhou, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, and Admin, Oskar

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Incidence, risk assessment, Smoking/epidemiology, intracranial aneurysm, genetic heterogeneity, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Risk Factors, Intracranial Aneurysm/epidemiology, Humans, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, genetics, Neurology (clinical), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, genetic, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background: Recently, common genetic risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) were found to explain a large amount of disease heritability and therefore have potential to be used for genetic risk prediction. We constructed a genetic risk score to (1) predict ASAH incidence and IA presence (combined set of unruptured IA and ASAH) and (2) assess its association with patient characteristics. Methods: A genetic risk score incorporating genetic association data for IA and 17 traits related to IA (so-called metaGRS) was created using 1161 IA cases and 407 392 controls from the UK Biobank population study. The metaGRS was validated in combination with risk factors blood pressure, sex, and smoking in 828 IA cases and 68 568 controls from the Nordic HUNT population study. Furthermore, we assessed association between the metaGRS and patient characteristics in a cohort of 5560 IA patients. Results: Per SD increase of metaGRS, the hazard ratio for ASAH incidence was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.20–1.51) and the odds ratio for IA presence 1.09 (95% CI, 1.01–1.18). Upon including the metaGRS on top of clinical risk factors, the concordance index to predict ASAH hazard increased from 0.63 (95% CI, 0.59–0.67) to 0.65 (95% CI, 0.62–0.69), while prediction of IA presence did not improve. The metaGRS was statistically significantly associated with age at ASAH (β=−4.82×10 −3 per year [95% CI, −6.49×10 −3 to −3.14×10 −3 ]; P =1.82×10 −8 ), and location of IA at the internal carotid artery (odds ratio=0.92 [95% CI, 0.86–0.98]; P =0.0041). Conclusions: The metaGRS was predictive of ASAH incidence, although with limited added value over clinical risk factors. The metaGRS was not predictive of IA presence. Therefore, we do not recommend using this metaGRS in daily clinical care. Genetic risk does partly explain the clinical heterogeneity of IA warranting prioritization of clinical heterogeneity in future genetic prediction studies of IA and ASAH.

Published
2023

34. Design of a learning environment for medical radiology technicians based on their work analysis

Author

Seferdjeli, Laurence, Bailly, Marie-Charlotte, Flandin, Simon, Goudeaux, Annie, Durand, Isabelle, Schmidt, Kim, Tunc, Asiye, Schot, Stéphanie, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), FAPSE, Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation - Clermont Auvergne (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), and Flandin, Simon

Subjects
Instructional design, Analyse du travail, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Radiologie, Formation professionelle, X-ray, Educational technology, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Vocational Education and Training, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, Radiology, Technologie éducative
Abstract

The research reported in this paper was aimed at (i) highlighting knowledge about the work of medical radiology technicians (MRTs) in different departments (conventional radiology, CT scan, MRI, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and angiography), and (ii) contributing to the design of innovative training for the “Haute École de Santé” and for the workplace. It has led to the identification of structural tensions in the work of MRTs, the most emblematic of which seems to be the tension between the "technical" and the "relational" dimension, and allowed a triadic modeling of the overall organization of their activity (patient positioning, image production, and patient integrity). We discuss these results from a training environment design perspective based on generic principles formalized within our research program., La recherche dont cette communication rend compte visait (i) à produire des connaissances relatives au travail des techniciens de radiologie médicale (TRM) dans différents services (radiologie conventionnelle, scanner, IRM, médecine nucléaire, radio-oncologie et angiographie), et (ii) à contribuer à la conception de formations innovantes pour la Haute École de Santé et pour la place de travail. Elle a abouti à l’identification de tensions structurelles dans le travail des TRM, dont la plus emblématique semble être la tension entre dimension « technique » et « relationnelle », et a permis une modélisation triadique de l’organisation globale de leur activité (le positionnement du patient, la production d’une image, et l’intégrité du patient). Nous discutons ces résultats dans une perspective de conception d’environnement de formation sur la base de principes génériques formalisés au sein de notre programme de recherche.

Published
2017

35. Vidéo et analyse de l'activité

Author

Flandin, Simon, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Jean-Marie Barbier, Marc Durand, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Flandin, Simon

Subjects
vidéo, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, formation, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], analyse de l'activité, ergonomie, intervention
Abstract

(sous presse). In J.-M. Barbier et M. Durand, Encyclopédie de l'analyse des activités. Paris : PUF.; International audience; Cette contribution s'intéresse aux utilisations qui peuvent être faites de la vidéo dans une perspective d'analyse de l'activité et dans une visée transformative (formation, (ré)organisation du travail, aménagement de poste, prévention, fiabilisation, conception, etc.). Elle présente synthétiquement les principales options méthodologiques à prendre par les intervenants – ergonomes, formateurs, chercheurs, consultants – pour analyser les activités et/ou les faire analyser aux bénéficiaires (i) en extériorité (part observable) et (ii) en intériorité (point de vue des acteurs). Concernant l'analyse en intériorité, l'instrumentation vidéo est notamment décrite selon trois options distinctes : (i) la démonstration (exemplification, pratiques ostensives – approche plutôt normative de la transformation de l’activité), (ii) l’enquête (recherche, instruction d’un problème – approche plutôt développementale de la transformation de l’activité), et (iii) l’entretien (explicitation, remise en situation). Ces trois options sont caractérisées à partir de la littérature scientifique en ergonomie, psychologie du travail et sciences de l'éducation. La conclusion propose des points de vigilance et perspectives de développement inhérents aux types d'instrumentations vidéo décrits.

Published
2017

36. Développer la résilience en renouvelant la formation à et pour la sécurité : une recherche en cours

Author

Flandin, Simon, Poizat, Germain, Durand, Marc, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), FONCSI, Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université de Genève (UNIGE), and Flandin, Simon

Subjects
Attention training, Formation à la coopération, Formation à la prévention, Safety training, Prevention training, Formation à la créativité, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Creativity training, Formation à la sécurité, Cooperation training, Formation à l'attention, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, Résilience
Abstract

Recent research interested in work, organizations, reliability and human factor advocate for a renewal of interpretation and intervention frameworks toward risk management. Resilience seems to be a fruitful approach to contributing to it, but its concrete operationalization is still insufficient, particularly in the educational field. This contribution is based on an ongoing project funded by the FonCSI and aiming at the development of training of and through resilience. In this project, we study (i) "prototypical" training situations, (ii) the experiences lived by trainees and trainers, and (iii) the related learning-development. We present here its theoretical and methodological aspects, as well as four "pilot" design principles derived from an exploratory study of two "prototypical" programs. The prospects opened up by this project are being discussed., De nombreux travaux intéressés au travail, aux organisations, à la fiabilité et aux facteurs organisationnels et humains plaident pour un renouvellement des cadres d’interprétation et d’intervention pour la gestion des risques. La résilience semble constituer une approche féconde pour y contribuer, son opérationnalisation concrète restant néanmoins insuffisante, notamment dans le domaine de la formation. Cette contribution s’appuie sur un projet en cours financé par la FonCSI et œuvrant pour le développement de formations à et par la résilience. Inscrit dans un programme de recherche-conception mobilisant l’analyse du travail sous les hypothèses d’enaction et d’expérience (Theureau, 2015), ce projet s’intéresse (i) à des situations de formation « prototypiques », (ii) à l’activité des formés et des formateurs dans ces situations de formation au niveau où elle donne lieu à expérience, et (iii) les apprentissages-développements constitutifs de cette activité. Nous présentons ici ses volets théoriques et méthodologiques, ainsi que quatre principes de conception « pilotes », dont la fécondité reste à éprouver, dérivés de recherches antérieurs et des premières observations de deux dispositifs « prototypiques ». Les perspectives ouvertes par ce projet sont abordées en discussion.

Published
2017

37. Gully evolution and geomorphic adjustments of badlands to reforestation

Author

David R. Montgomery, Markus Stoffel, J.F. Martín-Duque, Christophe Corona, J. A. Ballesteros Cánovas, Ana Lucía, José María Bodoque, Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland]-University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Geodynamics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Sciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, ddc:333.7-333.9, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Landform, Reforestation, Soil science, Vegetation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Aerial photography, Erosion, Afforestation, Physical geography, Channel (geography), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Badlands and gullied areas are among those geomorphic environments with the highest erosion rates worldwide. Nevertheless, records of their evolution and their relations with anthropogenic land transformation are scarcer. Here we combine historical data with aerial photographs and tree-ring records to reconstruct the evolution of a badland in a Mediterranean environment of Central Spain. Historical sources suggest an anthropogenic origin of this badland landscape, caused by intense quarrying activities during the 18th century. Aerial photographs allowed detection of dramatic geomorphic changes and the evolution of an emerging vegetation cover since the 1960s, due to widespread reforestation. Finally, tree-ring analyses of exposed roots allowed quantification of recent channel incision of the main gully, and sheet erosion processes. Our results suggest that reforestation practices have influenced the initiation of an episode of incision in the main channel in the 1980s, through the hypothesized creation of disequilibrium in water-sediment balance following decoupling of hillslopes from channel processes. These findings imply an asymmetry in the geomorphic response of badlands to erosion such that in the early evolution stages, vegetation removal results in gullying, but that reforestation alone does not necessarily stabilize the landforms and may even promote renewed incision.

Published
2017

38. PEUT-ON FORMER À DES SITUATIONS IMPRÉDICTIBLES ? UNE PISTE THÉORIQUE

Author

Flandin, Simon, Poizat, Germain, Durand, Marc, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), FAPSE, Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), and Flandin, Simon

Subjects
Risque - Gestion des risques – Gestion des risques opérationnels-Performance, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Risque majeur, Enaction, Formation, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Résilience
Abstract

International audience; Les approches curriculaires « traditionnelles » de la formation trouvent leurs limites dans certains champs d’activité et vis-à-vis de situations faiblement prédictibles, notamment dans le domaine des organisations à risque. S’appuyant sur une interprétation enactive de la notion de résilience, cette contribution s’inscrit dans une approche originale qualifiée « d’évènementielle », basée sur (i) une épistémologie de l’expérience et des significations et (ii) un principe de perturbation-événement de l’activité des formés. Elle propose des principes de conception de formation qui dans cette perspective nous semblent prometteurs pour le développement.

Published
2017

39. PRINCIPES DE CONCEPTION D'ENVIRONNEMENTS NUMÉRIQUES DE FORMATION ET MODELISATIONS DE L'ACTIVITÉ AU TRAVAIL

Author

Simon Flandin, Serge Leblanc, Luc Ria, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Didactique, Éducation et Formation (LIRDEF), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Flandin, Simon, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)

Subjects
[INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, EIAH, formation, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], analyse de l'activité, Anthropotechnologie
Abstract

International audience; Cette contribution propose un modèle d'articulation systématique entre des principes génériques de conception d'Environnements Numériques de Formation (Indexer la conception de formation aux dimensions typiques du travail ; Passer d'une variété empirique à une variation ordonnée de ces dimensions ; Documenter l'objet de formation de manière « propensionnelle ») et des types de modélisation de l'activité au travail (Enjeux professionnels cruciaux ; Dilemmes de métier ; Situations critiques ; Trajectoires de développement) pour la formation professionnelle. Notre conclusion ouvre sur une perspective anthropotechnologique en formation professionnelle.

Published
2017

40. Associer les formateurs à la conception de ressources pour leur propre formation : un essai d'analyse d'une coopération orientée-activité

Author

Mouton, Jean-Claude, Flandin, Simon, ERGonomie de l'Activité des Professionnels de l'Education (ERGAPE), Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), FAPSE, Université de Genève (UNIGE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut français de l'Education (IFÉ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Financement privé, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)

Subjects
Activity analysis, Design, Ergonomics intervention, Formation de formateurs, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Analyse de l'activité, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, Professional development of trainors, Evaluation, Intervention ergonomique, Conception
Abstract

International audience; On the basis of an agreement between the French Institute of Education (IFE) and the EDF company, a team consisting of representatives of both institutions intervened during one year within the company for the design of a digital environment for the training of trainers. Conducted in an ergonomic approach, the intervention demanded several adjustments (theoretical frameworks, different cultures, command and demand, acceptability of methods) and has initiated and equipped a joint analysis of the activity of trainers. The most significant episodes, their analysis and the resulting model of activity are described, as well as how they informed the design.We discuss in conclusion the conditions for the establishment and maintenance of an open relationship between design, training and research in ergonomic intervention.; Sur la base d'une convention entre l'Institut français de l'Éducation (IFÉ) et l'entreprise EDF, une équipe constituée de représentants des deux institutions est intervenue pendant une année au sein de l'entreprise pour la conception d'un environnement numérique destiné à la formation de formateurs. Menée dans une approche ergonomique, l'intervention a demandé plusieurs ajustements (cadres théoriques, cultures des acteurs, commande et demande, pertinence et acceptabilité des méthodes) et a initié et outillé une co-analyse de l'activité des formateurs. Les épisodes les plus significatifs, leur analyse et le modèle d'activité produit sont décrits, ainsi que la manière dont ils ont informé la conception. Nous discutons en conclusion des conditions requises à l'instauration et à l'entretien d'un rapport ouvert entre conception, formation et recherche dans ce type d'intervention.

Published
2017

41. Table ronde : les perspectives

Author

Peraya, Daniel, Jézégou, Annie, De Lièvre, Bruno, Technologies de Formation et Apprentissage (TECFA), Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education (FPSE), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Education de Lille - ULR 4354 (CIREL), Université de Lille, Trigone-CIREL, Université de Lille-Université de Lille, service de pédagogie générale et des médias éducatifs, Université de Mons-Hainaut, and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
numérique, perspectives, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, transformation de l'enseignement supérieur, pédagogique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

42. Mixing of porpoise ecotypes in South Western UK waters revealed by genetic profiling

Author

Michael C. Fontaine, Rob Deaville, Paul Jepson, Nicolas Ray, Sylvain Piry, Nicholas J. Davison, Simon J. Goodman, Olivier Thatcher, Andrew Brownlow, Fontaine lab, Sch Biol, Fac Biol Sci, University of Leeds, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, University of Groningen, Inst. Zool., Zoological Society of London, Dept. Zool., University of Cambridge, EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland]-University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, SRUC, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Fontaine, Michael C., Goodman, Simon J., and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Phocoena, Admixture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, ecotype specialization, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, molecular ecology, dispersal, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, ddc:333.7-333.9, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecotype, Ecology, Biology (Whole Organism), continuous population, Pelagic zone, Dispersal, Continuous population, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, climate change, Ecotype specialization, Genetic structure, Microsatellite, Biological dispersal, admixture, lcsh:Q, Bay, Porpoise, Research Article
Abstract

Contact zones between ecotypes are windows for understanding how species may react to climate changes. Here, we analysed the fine-scale genetic and morphological variation in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) around the UK by genotyping 591 stranded animals at nine microsatellite loci. The data were integrated with a prior study to map at high resolution the contact zone between two previously identified ecotypes meeting in the northern Bay of Biscay. Clustering and spatial analyses revealed that UK porpoises are derived from two genetic pools with porpoises from the southwestern UK being genetically differentiated, and having larger body sizes compared to those of other UK areas. Southwestern UK porpoises showed admixed ancestry between southern and northern ecotypes with a contact zone extending from the northern Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea and Channel. Around the UK, ancestry blends from one genetic group to the other along a southwest--northeast axis, correlating with body size variation, consistent with previously reported morphological differences between the two ecotypes. We also detected isolation by distance among juveniles but not in adults, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal. The fine-scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study.

Published
2017

43. Quelles médiations numériques au service de l'apprentissage ? Regards croisés

Author

Becerril, Raquel, Jézégou, Annie, Flandin, Simon, Delacour, Gérard, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Education de Lille - ULR 4354 (CIREL), Université de Lille, Trigone-CIREL, Université de Lille-Université de Lille, CRAFT, Laboratoire Recherche intervention formation et travail (RIFT), Université de Genève (UNIGE)-Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes (CREN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), laboratoire CIRE (EA 4354), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
numérique, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, autonomie, médiation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, apprentissage
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

44. One in, one out: Generic circumscription within subtribe Manilkarinae (Sapotaceae)

Author

Aina Randriarisoa, Yamama Naciri, Kate Armstrong, Carlos Galan Boluda, Stephanie Dafreville, Charles Pouchon, Laurent Gautier, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève (CJBG), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Institute of Systematic Botany, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AR was funded by the Swiss Government Excellence Ph.D. scholarship from September 2018 to August 2021 and by the University of Geneva from September to December 2021. This work is part of a project led by LG on the Malagasy Sapotaceae, financially supported by the Franklinia foundation (grant No. 2019-20) and formerly supported by a grant attributed to YN and LG by the Swiss National Foundation (grant no. 31003A_166349/1) and by two grants attributed to YN by the Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny. We would like to express our gratitude to Prof. Roman Ulm and Martine Mir for financial support and fund management, respectively. We thank the curators of the herbaria G, MO, P, TAN and TEF for allowing us to study their specimens and to perform limited de-structive sampling. We also thank people at the iGE3 platform for their help with the sequencing process (https://ige3.genomics.unige.ch). Some computations were performed at the University of Geneva on the Bao-bab/Yggdrasil cluster. We are grateful to Camille Christe for her precious advice on the bioinformatics analyses, to Regine Niba for her help in the lab, to Romain Dewaele for his help with the figures and to Ulf Swenson for fruitful discussions at the inception of this project. We are grateful to the Malagasy government for providing us with a research permit to collect samples. We would also like to thank Richard Randrianaivo from the MBG, Patrick Ranirison and Jacquis Tahinarivony from the University of Antananarivo (DBEV) for facilitating the fieldtrips in Madagascar, and as well as the Malagasy people on site for their help collecting Sapotaceae specimens. SD would like to thank the National Parks and Conservation Service (NPCS) of Mauritius for permission to sample in the national park.

Subjects
ancestral state reconstruction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Madagascar, target gene capture, Plant Science, Pacific Islands, ancestral state reconstruction integrative taxonomy Madagascar Pacific Islands target gene capture, integrative taxonomy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Previous phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that the Manilkarinae are a monophyletic subtribe if Northia is excluded. The subtribe consists of four genera: Faucherea, Labourdonnaisia, Labramia and Manilkara. However, the same phylogenetic studies also raised taxonomic issues concerning unclear generic delimitations and unresolved relationships. The current study's aims are: to resolve these taxonomic issues using a molecular phylogeny based on hundreds of nuclear markers sequenced from a representative sampling of taxa across the four genera; to find relevant morphological characters allowing the distinction of the clades retrieved with the phylogeny; and finally to understand the evolutionary history of the subtribe by conducting a divergence time estimation and ancestral state reconstructions. Our phylogeny shows a well-resolved backbone with four main lineages: the Labramia clade, the main clade of Manilkara, a clade in which all species of Labourdonnaisia and Faucherea are mixed, and a clade of three Pacific Manilkara species. The main clade of Manilkara is retrieved as sister to Labramia, and the Labourdonnaisia-Faucherea clade is clearly assessed as sister to the three Pacific Manilkara species. As a consequence, Faucherea is synonymized with Labourdonnaisia, and the three Pacific Manilkara are considered to be a separate genus, for which the name Abebaia is resurrected. We provide emended descriptions for Labourdonnaisia and Abebaia as well as the necessary new combinations. The ancestral state reconstruction of flower characters shows that ancestral Manilkarinae were characterized by a hexamerous corolla, well-developed dorsal appendages and staminodes, and a pubescent ovary. These character states have been retained in the main Manilkara clade, but surprisingly also in Abebaia, which appears as a cryptic genus. The lack of dorsal appendages and the reduction of staminodes observed in Labourdonnaisia appeared after the split from Abebaia. The increase in corolla merism observed mainly in the Mascarene Labourdonnaisia, which was used to separate it from Faucherea, appears to be a derived state, which evolved separately in a few species during the radiation of Labourdonnaisia on Madagascar and the Mascarenes. The glabrous ovary state observed in Labramia also constitutes a derived synapomorphic state in the genus.

Published
2022

45. Implementation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction within WRF-CHIMERE Online Coupled Model: Evaluation and Investigation of the Indirect Radiative Effect from Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on the Benelux Union

Author

Adrien Deroubaix, Paolo Tuccella, Régis Briant, Dmitry Khvorostyanov, Guillaume Siour, Laurent Menut, Solène Turquety, Sylvain Mailler, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), NUMTECH, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences [L'Aquila] (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Centre of Excellence CETEMPS, Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), University of Geneva [Switzerland]-University of Geneva [Switzerland], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), TROPO - LATMOS, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
model evaluation, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aerosol indirect effect, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Cloud condensation nuclei, Online model, Precipitation, Model evaluation, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ddc:333.7-333.9, Longwave, aerosol indirect effect, Aerosol, meteorology-chemistry coupled model, WRF-CHIMERE model, online model, 13. Climate action, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Meteorology-chemistry coupled model, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Satellite, sense organs, Shortwave
Abstract

The indirect effects of aerosol are particularly important over regions where meteorological conditions and aerosol content are favourable to cloud formation. This was observed during the Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign (IMPACT) (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality Interaction (EUCAARI) project) in the Benelux Union during May 2008. To better understand this cloud formation variability, the indirect effects of aerosol have been included within the WRF-CHIMERE online model. By comparing model results to the aircraft measurements of IMPACT, to surface measurements from EMEP and AIRBASE and to MODIS satellite measurements, we showed that the model is able to simulate the variability and order of magnitude of the observed number of condensation nuclei (CN), even if some differences are identified for specific aerosol size and location. To quantify the impact of the local anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, a sensitivity study is performed by halving the surface emissions fluxes. It is shown that the indirect radiative effect (IRE) at the surface is positive for both shortwave and longwave with a net warming of +0.99 W/m2. In addition, important instantaneous changes are modelled at local scale with up to &plusmn, 6 &deg, C for temperatures and &plusmn, 50 mm/day for precipitation.

Published
2019

46. Assessment of DOAC in GEriatrics (Adage Study): Rivaroxaban/Apixaban Concentrations and Thrombin Generation Profiles in NVAF Very Elderly Patients

Author

Geoffrey Foulon-Pinto, Carmelo Lafuente-Lafuente, Georges Jourdi, Julien Le Guen, Fatoumata Tall, Etienne Puymirat, Maxime Delrue, Léa Rivière, Flora Ketz, Isabelle Gouin-Thibault, François Mullier, Pascale Gaussem, Eric Pautas, Thomas Lecompte, Emmanuel Curis, Virginie Siguret, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Laboratoire de biologie clinique, Innovations thérapeutiques en hémostase = Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis (IThEM - U1140), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service d’Hématologie Biologique [CHU Lariboisière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), IMRB - CEPIA/'Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing : Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Innovations thérapeutiques en hémostase (IThEM - U1140), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Recherche clinique appliquée à l'hématologie ((EA_3518)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Service d'hématologie A [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Service d'angiologie et hémostase, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Geneva Planet Group, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris - Université Paris Descartes (UPD5 Pharmacie), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP]

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hematology
Abstract

Background Although a growing number of very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), multiple conditions, and polypharmacy receive direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), few studies specifically investigated both apixaban/rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in such patients. Aims To investigate: (1) DOAC concentration–time profiles; (2) thrombin generation (TG); and (3) clinical outcomes 6 months after inclusion in very elderly AF in-patients receiving rivaroxaban or apixaban. Methods Adage-NCT02464488 was an academic prospective exploratory multicenter study, enrolling AF in-patients aged ≥80 years, receiving DOAC for at least 4 days. Each patient had one to five blood samples at different time points over 20 days. DOAC concentrations were determined using chromogenic assays. TG was investigated using ST-Genesia (STG-ThromboScreen, STG-DrugScreen). Results We included 215 patients (women 71.1%, mean age: 87 ± 4 years), 104 rivaroxaban and 111 apixaban, and 79.5% receiving reduced-dose regimen. We observed important inter-individual variabilities (coefficient of variation) whatever the regimen, at C max [49–46%] and C min [75–61%] in 15 mg rivaroxaban and 2.5 mg apixaban patients, respectively. The dose regimen was associated with C max and C min plasma concentrations in apixaban (p = 0.0058 and p = 0.0222, respectively), but not in rivaroxaban samples (multivariate analysis). Moreover, substantial variability of thrombin peak height (STG-ThromboScreen) was noticed at a given plasma concentration for both xabans, suggesting an impact of the underlying coagulation status on TG in elderly in-patients. After 6-month follow-up, major bleeding/thromboembolic event/death rates were 6.7%/1.0%/17.3% in rivaroxaban and 5.4%/3.6%/18.9% in apixaban patients, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides original data in very elderly patients receiving DOAC in a real-life setting, showing great inter-individual variability in plasma concentrations and TG parameters. Further research is needed to understand the potential clinical impact of these findings.

Published
2022

47. The 2022 Report on the Human Proteome from the HUPO Human Proteome Project

Author

Gilbert S. Omenn, Lydie Lane, Christopher M. Overall, Charles Pineau, Nicolle H. Packer, Ileana M. Cristea, Cecilia Lindskog, Susan T. Weintraub, Sandra Orchard, Michael H. A. Roehrl, Edouard Nice, Siqi Liu, Nuno Bandeira, Yu-Ju Chen, Tiannan Guo, Ruedi Aebersold, Robert L. Moritz, Eric W. Deutsch, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Macquarie University, Princeton University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Institute for Systems Biology [Seattle] (ISB), G.S.O. acknowledges support from National Institutes of Health Grants P30ES017885-01A1 and U24CA210967, E.W.D. and R.L.M. from National Institutes of Health Grants R01GM087221, R24GM127667, U19AG023122, S10OD026936, and from National Science Foundation Grant DBI-1933311, C.M.O. by Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation Grant 148408 and a Canada Research Chair in Protease Proteomics and Systems Biology, N.B. from NIH grant 1R01LM013115, and NSF grant ABI 1759980, M.S.B. by Australian Research Council (CE140100003), C.L. by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for the Human Protein Atlas, M.H.R by National Institutes of Health Grants R21 CA263262, U01 CA253217, R21 CA251992, P30 CA008748 (MSKCC CCSG, Pathology Component), NIH-Leidos CPTAC contract 17X173, and Farmer Family Foundation, and and I.M.C. from National Institutes of Health Grant R01GM114141 and Stand Up To Cancer Convergence 3.1416.

Subjects
Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE), MESH: Databases, Protein, MESH: Mass Spectrometry, PeptideAtlas, MESH: Humans, chromosome-centric HPP (C-HPP), missing proteins (MP), MESH: Proteomics, General Chemistry, MESH: Open Reading Frames, Biochemistry, Article, Human Protein Atlas, non-MS PE1 proteins, neXtProt protein existence (PE metrics), MESH: Proteome, Human Proteome Project (HPP), Ribo-Seq, uncharacterized protein existence 1 (uPE1), [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Grand Challenge Project, Biology and Disease-HPP (B/D-HPP), small open reading frames (smORFs)
Abstract

International audience; The 2022 Metrics of the Human Proteome from the HUPO Human Proteome Project (HPP) illustrates that protein expression has now been credibly detected (neXtProt PE1 level) for 18,407 (93.2%) of the 19,750 predicted proteins coded in the human genome, a net gain of 50 since 2021 from datasets generated around the world and reanalyzed by the HPP. Conversely, the number of neXtProt PE2, PE3, and PE4 missing proteins has been reduced by 78 from 1421 to 1343. This represents continuing experimental progress on the proteome parts list across all the chromosomes, as well as significant reclassifications. Meanwhile, applying proteomics in a vast array of biological and clinical studies continues to yield significant findings and growing integration with other omics platforms. We present highlights from the Chromosome-Centric HPP, Biology and Disease-driven HPP, and HPP Resource Pillars, compare features of mass spectrometry and Olink and Somalogic platforms, note the emergence of translation products from ribosome profiling of small open reading frames, and discuss the launch of the initial HPP Grand Challenge Project, "A Function for Each Protein".

Published
2022

48. Toward a learning game on Computational Thinking Driven by Competencies

Author

Kanaan, Malak, Maillos, Sébastien, Muratet, Mathieu, Jolivet, Sébastien, Marne, Bertrand, Sehaba, Karim, Modèles et Outils en ingénierie des Connaissances pour l'Apprentissage Humain (MOCAH), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national supérieur de formation et de recherche pour l'éducation des jeunes handicapés et les enseignements adaptés (INSHEA), Institut Universitaire de formation des enseignants (IUFE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
serious games, computational thinking, learning game, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, didactic engineering, fundamental education
Abstract

International audience; There are many learning games related to the theme of programming and computational thinking (CT) that exist nowadays. However, the main problem currently in France is that teachers lack training to teach K-12 learners to modern computer concepts. Teachers understand the competencies of referential but are not comfortable with and don’t know how to develop teaching sessions for these competencies. Our proposition is: a learning game (LG) driven by competencies will assist teachers to develop teaching sessions with learners. Our main objective is to help teachers to appropriate learning games on CT. To do this, we conducted an analysis based on the PIAF (Pensée informatique et Algorithmique dans l’enseignement Fondamental - Computational Thinking in primary school) reference framework which aims at developing CT in elementary school. It lists a set of competencies related to the development of algorithmic thinking in fundamental education. We chose to analyse three existing learning games on CT with this framework. We selected these three learning games ("Blockly Maze", "Compute-it" and "Kodu") from 48 learning games identified on CT. These analyses show that many competencies aren’t present in the games. Then we study how to link the PIAF framework in a LG. We work on the learning game named SPY in which the player has to program an agent to escape a maze. Our contribution for this paper is double: (1) an analysis of existing learning games and (2) propositions how to express PIAF competencies in gameplay features.

Published
2022

49. Rare pathogenic variants in WNK3 cause X-linked intellectual disability

Author

Sébastien Küry, Jinwei Zhang, Thomas Besnard, Alfonso Caro-Llopis, Xue Zeng, Stephanie M. Robert, Sunday S. Josiah, Emre Kiziltug, Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon, Benjamin Cogné, Adam J. Kundishora, Le T. Hao, Hong Li, Roger E. Stevenson, Raymond J. Louie, Wallid Deb, Erin Torti, Virginie Vignard, Kirsty McWalter, F. Lucy Raymond, Farrah Rajabi, Emmanuelle Ranza, Detelina Grozeva, Stephanie A. Coury, Xavier Blanc, Elise Brischoux-Boucher, Boris Keren, Katrin Õunap, Karit Reinson, Pilvi Ilves, Ingrid M. Wentzensen, Eileen E. Barr, Solveig Heide Guihard, Perrine Charles, Eleanor G. Seaby, Kristin G. Monaghan, Marlène Rio, Yolande van Bever, Marjon van Slegtenhorst, Wendy K. Chung, Ashley Wilson, Delphine Quinquis, Flora Bréhéret, Kyle Retterer, Pierre Lindenbaum, Emmanuel Scalais, Lindsay Rhodes, Katrien Stouffs, Elaine M. Pereira, Sara M. Berger, Sarah S. Milla, Ankita B. Jaykumar, Melanie H. Cobb, Shreyas Panchagnula, Phan Q. Duy, Marie Vincent, Sandra Mercier, Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier, Xavier Le Guillou, Séverine Audebert-Bellanger, Sylvie Odent, Sébastien Schmitt, Pierre Boisseau, Dominique Bonneau, Annick Toutain, Estelle Colin, Laurent Pasquier, Richard Redon, Arjan Bouman, Jill. A. Rosenfeld, Michael J. Friez, Helena Pérez-Peña, Syed Raza Akhtar Rizvi, Shozeb Haider, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Charles E. Schwartz, Francisco Martínez, Stéphane Bézieau, Kristopher T. Kahle, Bertrand Isidor, Clinical Genetics, Clinical sciences, Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), University of Exeter, MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Greenwood Genetic Center, GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), This work was granted by the French network of University Hospitals HUGO ('Hôpitaux Universitaires du Grand Ouest'), the French Ministry of Health, and and the Health Regional Agencies from Poitou-Charentes (represented by Frédérique Allaire), Bretagne, Pays de la Loire, and Centre-Val de Loire (HUGODIMS, 2013, RC14_0107). W.K.C. was supported by grants from Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, United

Subjects
MESH: Symporters, Exome sequencing, Male, KCC2, Mutation, Missense, MESH: Catalytic Domain, Neurodevelopmental disease, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, X-linked intellectual disability, MESH: Brain, WNK3, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Loss of Function Mutation, Catalytic Domain, MESH: Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Humans, Phosphorylation, MESH: Hemizygote, Genetics (clinical), Hemizygote, MESH: Mutation, Missense, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Phosphorylation, Symporters, Brain, MESH: Loss of Function Mutation, MESH: Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, MESH: Male, Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Maternal Inheritance, MESH: Maternal Inheritance
Abstract

PURPOSE: WNK3 kinase (PRKWNK3) has been implicated in the development and function of the brain via its regulation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, but the role of WNK3 in human development is unknown. METHOD: We ascertained exome or genome sequences of individuals with rare familial or sporadic forms of intellectual disability (ID). RESULTS: We identified a total of 6 different maternally-inherited, hemizygous, 3 loss-of-function or 3 pathogenic missense variants (p.Pro204Arg, p.Leu300Ser, p.Glu607Val) in WNK3 in 14 male individuals from 6 unrelated families. Affected individuals had identifier with variable presence of epilepsy and structural brain defects. WNK3 variants cosegregated with the disease in 3 different families with multiple affected individuals. This included 1 large family previously diagnosed with X-linked Prieto syndrome. WNK3 pathogenic missense variants localize to the catalytic domain and impede the inhibitory phosphorylation of the neuronal-specific chloride cotransporter KCC2 at threonine 1007, a site critically regulated during the development of synaptic inhibition. CONCLUSION: Pathogenic WNK3 variants cause a rare form of human X-linked identifier with variable epilepsy and structural brain abnormalities and implicate impaired phospho-regulation of KCC2 as a pathogenic mechanism.

Published
2022

50. What is the Functional Role of iEEG Oscillations in Neural Processing and Cognitive Functions?

Author

Proix, Timothée, Mégevand, Pierre, Giraud, Anne-Lise, Department of Basic Neuroscience, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Nikolai Axmacher

Subjects
[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Oscillations of the electric field generated by neuronal populations are often observed in intracranial EEG recordings from human cortical and subcortical brain regions. The functional relevance of these oscillations for neural processing and cognitive functions remains a debated issue in modern neuroscience. In this chapter, we review evidence that iEEG oscillations constitute a key mechanism in the functional integration of neuronal activity across temporal and spatial scales. We focus on the potential role of cortical oscillations in cognitive processes, and particularly speech perception and production, which involve diverse brain regions and temporal scales in a structured hierarchy, as an ideal testbed for outlining the possible insights that iEEG oscillations offer on cognitive functions.

Published
2023

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