Wenhong Chen, Pu Yan, Timothy M. Hale, Paola Tubaro, Kuo-Ting Huang, Antonio A. Casilli, Anabel Quan-Haase, Susan B. Kretchmer, Jeremy Schulz, Barry Wellman, Massimo Ragnedda, Shelia R. Cotten, Julie B. Wiest, Gustavo S. Mesch, Hiroshi Ono, Grant Blank, Tomasz Drabowicz, Molly-Gloria Harper, Christopher Ball, Michael J. Stern, Hopeton S. Dunn, Aneka Khilnani, Rod Carvath, Laura Robinson, Matías Dodel, Bernie Hogan, Santa Clara University, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Hitotsubashi University, University of Haifa [Haifa], Michigan State University System, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Social Science [Lodz], University of Toronto, University of Windsor [Ca], University of Western Ontario (UWO), University of Botswana, Sociologie Information-Communication Design (SID), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Économie et de la Société (IDHES), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Morgan State University, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], West Chester University of Pennsylvania (WCUPA), Universidad Católica del Uruguay [Montevideo, Uruguay] (UCU), Ball State University, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), ANR-19-CE10-0012,HUSH,La chaîne d'approvisionnement humaine derrière les technologies intelligentes(2019), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation de Telecom Paris (I3 SES), Télécom ParisTech-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom ParisTech-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Valauskas, Edward J., Katedra Socjologii Struktur i Zmian Społecznych, Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Chair of the Department of Sociology of Social Structure and Social Change in the Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Wersja artykułu znajdująca się w innym repozytorium z wolnym dostępem. Oryginalny artykuł dostępny na licencji CC http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i7.10842 2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the “digital divide.” Although a quarter century has passed, legacy digital inequalities continue, and emergent digital inequalities are proliferating. Many of the initial schisms identified in 1995 are still relevant today. Twenty-five years later, foundational access inequalities continue to separate the digital haves and the digital have-nots within and across countries. In addition, even ubiquitous-access populations are riven with skill inequalities and differentiated usage. Indeed, legacy digital inequalities persist vis-à-vis economic class, gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity, aging, disability, healthcare, education, rural residency, networks, and global geographies. At the same time, emergent forms of inequality now appear alongside legacy inequalities such that notions of digital inequalities must be continually expanded to become more nuanced. We capture the increasingly complex and interrelated nature of digital inequalities by introducing the concept of the “digital inequality stack.” The concept of the digital inequality stack encompasses access to connectivity networks, devices, and software, as well as collective access to network infrastructure. Other layers of the digital inequality stack include differentiated use and consumption, literacies and skills, production and programming, etc. When inequality exists at foundational layers of the digital inequality stack, this often translates into inequalities at higher levels. As we show across these many thematic foci, layers in the digital inequality stack may move in tandem with one another such that all layers of the digital inequality stack reinforce disadvantage.