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3,522 results on '"Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL )"'

1. Better safe than sorry: Macroprudential policy, Covid 19 and climate change

Author

Gaëtan Le Quang, Laurence Scialom, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
050208 finance, Climate risk, As is, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Financial market, Climate change, Financial system, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Discount points, General Business, Management and Accounting, Macroprudential regulation, Financial regulation, State (polity), [No keyword available], 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

The crisis of 2007-08 called for a renewal of banking regulation that took the shape of a shift toward macroprudential policy. However, a comprehensive assessment of the current state of financial regulation reveals that this shift is incomplete. In particular, the notion of risk that lies at the heart of the Basel framework is still blind to extreme events. Climate risk and pandemic risk fall into this category. The purpose of this article is twofold. On the one hand, we point out why current banking regulation is not adequate to face risks whose origin is grounded outside financial markets – as is the case for both the pandemic and the climate risks –; on the other hand, we offer avenues for reforming macroprudential regulation in a way that would allow to take those risks into account.

Published
2022

2. Macroprudential Policy: New Challenges: Introduction to Special issue of International Economics

Author

Cornand, Camille, Guillaumin, Cyriac, Idier, Julien, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, General Business, Management and Accounting
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

3. Are the Liquidity and Collateral Roles of Asset Bubbles Different?

Author

Thomas Seegmuller, Xavier Raurich, Lise Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Barcelona, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thomas Seegmuller thanks the financial support of the french government under the 'France 2030' investment plan managed by the French National Research Agency (reference: ANR-17-EURE-0020) and from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX. Xavier Raurich thanks financial support from the Spanish Government through Grants RTI2018-093543-B-I00 and PID2021-126549NB-I00., ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), University of Barcelona, Department of Economics, Spanish Government and the European Union through grant RTI2018-093543-B-I00, MCIU, AEI, FEDER, ANR-15-CE33-0001,FIRE,Interdépendances financières et réelles : volatilité, ouverture internationale et politiques économiques(2015), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Lhuillier, Elisabeth, Aix-Marseille School of Economics - - AMSE (EUR)2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0020 - EURE - VALID, Interdépendances financières et réelles : volatilité, ouverture internationale et politiques économiques - - FIRE2015 - ANR-15-CE33-0001 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Collateral, growth, collateral, Monetary economics, Overlapping generations model, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, Economics, crowding-in effect, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G11 - Portfolio Choice • Investment Decisions, Asset (economics), 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Constraint (mathematics), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics, 050205 econometrics, liquidity, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E4 - Money and Interest Rates/E.E4.E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy, bubble, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Investment (macroeconomics), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Market liquidity, Capital (economics), Bond market, Finance
Abstract

Several recent papers introduce different mechanisms to explain why asset bubbles are observed in periods of larger growth. These papers share common assumptions, heterogeneity among traders and credit market imperfection , but differ in the role of the bubble, used to provide liquidities or as collateral in a borrowing constraint. In this paper, we introduce heterogeneous traders by considering an overlapping generations model with households living three periods. Young households cannot invest in capital, while adults have access to investment and face a borrowing constraint. Introducing bubbles in a quite general way, encompassing the different roles they have in the existing literature, we show that the bubble may enhance growth when the borrowing constraint is binding. More significantly, our results do not depend on the-liquidity or collateral-role attributed to the bubble. We finally extend our analysis to a stochas-tic bubble, which may burst with a positive probability. Because credit and bubble are no more perfectly substitutable assets, the liquidity and collateral roles of the bubble are not equivalent. Growth is larger when bubbles play the liquidity role, because the burst of a bubble used for liquidity is less damaging to agents who invest in capital.

Published
2023

4. Unemployment insurance, recalls, and experience rating

Author

Anthony Terriau, Xavier Fairise, Julien Albertini, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux (GAINS), Le Mans Université (UM), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Matching (statistics), Search and matching, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles/E.E3.E32 - Business Fluctuations • Cycles, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search, Recall, Unemployment insurance, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J65 - Unemployment Insurance • Severance Pay • Plant Closings, media_common.quotation_subject, Experience rating, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy/E.E2.E23 - Production, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Layoffs, Recalls, Insurance status, Unemployment, Economics, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J63 - Turnover • Vacancies • Layoffs, Demographic economics, Rating system, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, media_common
Abstract

In the US, almost half of unemployment spells end through recall. In this paper, we show that the probability of being recalled is much higher among unemployment benefit recipients than non-recipients. We argue that a large part of the observed difference in recall shares is accounted for by the design of the unemployment insurance financing scheme characterized by an experience rating system. We develop a search and matching model with different unemployment insurance status, endogenous separations, recalls and new hires. We quantify what would have been the labor market under alternative financing scheme. In the absence of the experience rating, the hiring and separations would have been higher in the long run and more volatile. Experience rating system contributes significantly to the difference in recalls between the recipients and the non-recipients.

Published
2023

5. What underlies the observed hospital volume-outcome relationship?

Author

Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Lionel Perrier, Xavier Joutard, Marius Huguet, Centre Ingénierie Santé, Saint-Étienne (CIS - MINES), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Laboratoire d'Economie et de Sociologie du Travail (LEST), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) (OFCE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail (LEST), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Tumor resection, Volume-outcome causal effect, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Outcome (game theory), Proxy (climate), JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, Hospital volume, Net income, medicine, Humans, C36, C31, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ovarian Neoplasms, Care pathway, Learning effect, I18, I11, business.industry, Research, Health Policy, L11, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health services research, Epithelial ovarian cancer, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Hospitals, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms, Instrumental variable, Organization of care, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models • Multiple Variables/C.C3.C31 - Cross-Sectional Models • Spatial Models • Treatment Effect Models • Quantile Regressions • Social Interaction Models, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets, Epithelial ovarian carcinoma, Treatment modality, Emergency medicine, Income, Volume outcome relationship, Centralization of care, Treatment decision making, France, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, Volume (compression)
Abstract

Background Studies of the hospital volume-outcome relationship have highlighted that a greater volume activity improves patient outcomes. While this finding has been known for years, most studies to date have failed to delve into what underlies this relationship. Objective This study aimed to shed light on the basis of the hospital volume effect on patient outcomes by comparing treatment modalities for epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. Data An exhaustive dataset of 355 patients in first-line treatment for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC) in 2012 in three regions of France was used. These regions account for 15% of the metropolitan French population. Methods In the presence of endogeneity induced by a reverse causality between hospital volume and patient outcomes, we used an instrumental variable approach. Hospital volume of activity was instrumented by the distance from patients’ homes to their hospital, the population density, and the median net income of patient municipalities. Results Based on our parameter estimates, we found that the rate of complete tumor resection would increase by 15.5 percentage points with centralized care, and by 8.3 percentage points if treatment decisions were coordinated by high-volume centers compared to decentralized care. Conclusion As volume alone is an imperfect correlate of quality, policy-makers need to know what volume is a proxy for in order to devise volume-based policies.

Published
2022

6. Threat and Punishment in Public Good Experiments

Author

Charles Noussair, David Masclet, Marie Claire Villeval, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Economics, Tilburg University [Netherlands], Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Krannert School of Management, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Dao, Taï, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bernardini, Sophie

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, punishment, History, Test, Polymers and Plastics, jel:H41, 050109 social psychology, Gefangenendilemma, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Threats,cheap talk,sanctions,public good,experiment, Order (exchange), Economics, C92, Sanctions, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, jel:C92, threats, Public economics, experiment, 05 social sciences, sanctions, Public good, 16. Peace & justice, Trittbrettfahrerverhalten, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, H41, Economics and Econometrics, Punishment, media_common.quotation_subject, jel:D63, non binding announcements, Cheap talk, 0502 economics and business, Institution, ddc:330, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Business and International Management, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H4 - Publicly Provided Goods/H.H4.H41 - Public Goods, Strafe, Social dilemma, Öffentliches Gut, public good experiment, General Business, Management and Accounting, threats, cheap talk, sanctions, public good, experiment, public good, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, D63, cheap talk
Abstract

Experimental studies of social dilemmas have shown that while the existence of a sanctioning institution improves cooperation within groups, it also has a detrimental impact on group earnings in the short-run. Could the introduction of pre-play threats to punish have enough of a beneficial impact on cooperation, while not incurring the cost associated with actual punishment, so that they increase overall welfare ? We report an experiment in which players can issue non-binding threats to punish others based on their contribution levels to a public good. After observing others' actual contributions, they choose their actual punishment level. We find that threats increase the level of contributions significantly. Efficiency is improved, but only in the long run. However, the possibility of sanctioning differences between threatened and actual punishment leads to lower threats, cooperation and welfare, restoring them to levels equal to or below the levels attained in the absence of threats.

Published
2023

7. The smell of cooperativeness: Do human body odours advertise cooperative behaviours?

Author

Arnaud Tognetti, Valerie Durand, Dimitri Dubois, Melissa Barkat‐Defradas, Astrid Hopfensitz, Camille Ferdenzi, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE33-0005,SINT,L'intelligence sociale: experiences et théories concernant les agents économiques(2015), emlyon business school (EM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), PEPS CNRS HomoVox, ANR-11-LABX-0042,CORTEX,Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), business school, emlyon, L'intelligence sociale: experiences et théories concernant les agents économiques - - SINT2015 - ANR-15-CE33-0005 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau - - CORTEX2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0042 - LABX - VALID, PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Body Odor, chemosensory cues, economic games, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, genetic structures, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Smell, Odorants, parasitic diseases, partner choice, Humans, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Female, body odours, Cooperative Behavior, Cues, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, psychological phenomena and processes, General Psychology
Abstract

International audience; Several physical features influence the perception of how cooperative a potential partner is. While previous work focused on face and voice, it remains unknown whether body odours influence judgements of cooperativeness and if odour-based judgements are accurate. Here, we first collected axillary odours of cooperative and uncooperative male donors through a public good game and used them as olfactory stimuli in a series of tasks examining whether and how they influence cooperative decision-making in an incentivized economic game and ratings of cooperativeness. Our results show that having access to the donor's body odours provided a strategic advantage to women during economic decisions (but not to men): with age, women were more likely to cooperate with cooperative men and to avoid interacting with uncooperative men. Ratings of cooperativeness were nonetheless unrelated to the donors’ actual cooperativeness. Finally, while men with masculine and intense body odours were judged less cooperative, we found no evidence that donors’ actual cooperativeness was associated with less masculine or less intense body odour. Overall, our findings suggest that, as faces and voices, body odours influence perceived cooperativeness and might be used accurately and in a non-aware manner as olfactory cues of cooperativeness, at least by women.

Published
2021

8. Artificial intelligence, ethics, and intergenerational responsibility

Author

Victor Klockmann, Marie Claire Villeval, Alicia Von Schenk, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, History, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics/D.D1.D10 - General, Polymers and Plastics, jel:D62, jel:D63, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D62 - Externalities, jel:C49, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes, C91, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Prosociality, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D64 - Altruism • Philanthropy, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, 050207 economics, Business and International Management, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, D10, O33, 050208 finance, jel:C91, 05 social sciences, jel:D10, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Morality, Generations, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics/C.C4.C49 - Other, D62, jel:O33, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Externalities, C49, D63
Abstract

In more and more situations, artificially intelligent algorithms have to model humans’ (social) preferences on whose behalf they increasingly make decisions. They can learn these preferences through the repeated observation of human behavior in social encounters. In such a context, do individuals adjust the selfishness or prosociality of their behavior when it is common knowledge that their actions produce various externalities through the training of an algorithm? In an online experiment, we let participants’ choices in dictator games train an algorithm. Thereby, they create an externality on future decision making of an intelligent system that affects future participants. We show that individuals who are aware of the consequences of their training on the pay- offs of a future generation behave more prosocially, but only when they bear the risk of being harmed themselves by future algorithmic choices. In that case, the externality of artificially intelligence training induces a significantly higher share of egalitarian decisions in the present.

Published
2022

9. Les décideurs publics doivent pouvoir enclencher les progrès nécessaires en soulevant l’adhésion plus que la fronde

Author

Bargain, Olivier, Gabuthy, Yannick, Masclet, David, Villeval, Marie Claire, Willinger, Marc, Wittwer, Jérôme, Laboratoire d'analyse et de recherche en économie et finance internationales (Larefi), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and GARNIER, Laurent

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Six chercheurs appellent les pouvoirs publics à tenir compte des acquis des sciences sociales pour mieux comprendre et anticiper les effets de leurs choix politiques sur les comportements des citoyens.

Published
2022

10. Empirical Research on Ethical Preferences: How Popular is Prioritarianism?

Author

Erik Schokkaert, Benoît Tarroux, Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, Population, Surveys, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Empirical research, prioritarianism, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Business and International Management, Positive economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, education, 050205 econometrics, Majority opinion, education.field_of_study, lab experiments, 05 social sciences, Veil of ignorance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Social planner, distributive preferences, inequality aversion, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Normative, Prioritarianism, Inequity aversion
Abstract

We survey the empirical literature on ethical preferences, covering both survey studies and incentivized laboratory experiments. Crucial axioms such as the Pigou-Dalton transfer principle are not accepted by a large fraction of the subjects. Moreover, in formulating their distributive preferences subjects attach much importance to the sources of income differences. Their preferences behind a veil of ignorance do not coincide with their preferences in the position of a social planner. These results suggest that prioritarian policy proposals will not necessarily be supported by a majority of the population. Although the majority opinion does not necessarily reflect the ethically desirable perspective, the empirical results still raise some interesting normative challenges.

Published
2022

11. A General and Efficient Method for Solving Regime-Switching DSGE Models

Author

Julien Albertini, Stéphane Moyen, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsche Bundesbank, Dao, Taï, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Government spending, Mathematical optimization, History, 050208 finance, accuracy, Polymers and Plastics, Computer science, 05 social sciences, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, Regime switching, Classification of discontinuities, simulation, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, RBC model, Projection (linear algebra), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers, 0502 economics and business, Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, Regime-switching, 050207 economics, Business and International Management, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Representation (mathematics)
Abstract

This paper provides a general representation of endogenous and threshold-based regime switching models and develops an efficient numerical solution method. The regime-switching is triggered endogenously when some variables cross threshold conditions that can themselves be regime-dependent. We illustrate our approach using a RBC model with state-dependent government spending policies. It is shown that regime-switching models involve strong non linearities and discontinuities in the dynamics of the model. However, our numerical solution based on simulation and projection methods with regime-dependent policy rules is accurate, and fast enough, to efficiently take into all these challenging aspects. Several alternative specifications to the model and the method are studied.

Published
2022

12. Income and Wealth Inequality in France: Developments and Links over the Long Term

Author

Jonathan Goupille-Lebret, Bertrand Garbinti, Centre de recherche de la Banque de France, Banque de France, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, Earnings, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, First world war, Term (time), JEL Classification D31 - E01 - E21 - N3, gender inequality, wealth inequality, income inequality, 8. Economic growth, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Demographic economics, 050207 economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract

This article sheds light on the long‑term development of income and wealth inequality and the link between them in France. Following a sharp decline in inequality that began at the beginning of the First World War, a trend towards inequality has emerged (and continues) since the mid‑1980s. The historical perspective makes it possible to illustrate how small changes in inequality in savings, returns or earnings can have strong long‑term effects on wealth concentration. Two other major trends have been observed since the 1970s. One is the narrowing of the gap in labour income between men and women – although it remains high. The other is the increased difficulty, for those who only have access to labour income, to access the highest wealth brackets. Finally, our comparisons between France and the United States show that wealth and income inequalities were comparable or even lower in the United States before the 1970s. That country has since become much more unequal., Garbinti Bertrand, Goupille-Lebret Jonathan. Income and Wealth Inequality in France: Developments and Links over the Long Term. In: Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, n°510-512, Special Issue 50th Anniversary. pp. 69-87.

Published
2019

13. Values in Welfare Economics

Author

Antoinette Baujard, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conrad Heilmann, Julian Reiss, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
transparency, neutrality, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, value judgement, facts and values, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, welfarism, JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches/B.B4 - Economic Methodology/B.B4.B41 - Economic Methodology, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, demarcation, Welfare economics, normative and positive, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D60 - General
Abstract

International audience; This chapter focuses on the inner rationale and consequences of four different archetypal positions regarding how ethical and political values are tackled in welfare economics. Welfare economics is standardly associated with the welfarist framework, for which social welfare is based on individual utility only. Beyond this, we distinguish the value-neutrality claim – for which ethical values should be and are out of the scope of welfare economics –, the value confinement ideal – for which ethical values are acceptable if they are minimal and consensual–, the transparency requirement – for which any ethical values may be acceptable in the welfare economics framework if explicit and formalized –, and the entanglement claim – which challenges the very possibility of demarcation between facts and values.

Published
2021

14. Infinite-population approval voting: A proposal

Author

Philippe Solal, Susumu Cato, Eric Rémila, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016)

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Computer science, 05 social sciences, Population, Novelty, General Social Sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Computer Science::Multiagent Systems, Philosophy of language, Set (abstract data type), Philosophy, 0502 economics and business, Countable set, Approval voting, 050207 economics, education, Decision model, Mathematical economics, Axiom, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics
Abstract

In this study, we propose a new direction of research on the axiomatic analysis of approval voting, which is a common democratic decision method. Its novelty is to examine an infinite population setting, which includes an application to intergenerational problems. In particular, we assume that the set of the population is countably infinite. We provide several extensions of the method of approval voting for this setting. As our main result, axiomatic characterizations of the extensions are offered by revealing a direct link between approval voting and the Borda rule. The characterized methods are natural extensions of the standard approval voting method for the finite-population case and are regarded as minimum requirements for other possible infinite-population extensions, which are reasonably democratic.

Published
2021

15. Lexicographic solutions for coalitional rankings

Author

Eric Rémila, Encarnación Algaba, Philippe Solal, Stefano Moretti, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and ANR-20-CE23-0018,THEMIS,THéorie et observation Empirique pour Mesurer l'Influence dans les Structures sociales(2020)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Social ranking solution, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, League, Microeconomics, Excellence, 0502 economics and business, Economics, lexicographic excellence solution, 050207 economics, Axiom, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Social policy, media_common, Original Paper, 021103 operations research, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], 05 social sciences, Lexicographical order, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, preference relation, International political economy, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Public finance
Abstract

International audience; In many real world situations, the design of social rankings over agents or items from a given raking over groups or coalitions, to which these agents or items belong to, is of big interest. With this aim, we revise the lexicographic excellence solution and introduce two novel solutions which, moreover, take into account the size of the groups. We present some desirable axioms which are interpreted in this context. Next, a comparable axiomatization of these three solutions is established, revealing the main differences among the two new social rankings and the lexicographic excellence solution. Finally, we apply the three social rankings under study to a real scenario. Specifically, the performance of some football players of Paris Saint-Germain during the UEFA Champions League according to these three rules is analyzed.

Published
2021

16. Perceived social norm and behavior quickly adjusted to legal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Fabio Galeotti, Marie Claire Villeval, Fortuna Casoria, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, Public policy, Distancing, media_common.quotation_subject, 050109 social psychology, Laws, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D0 - General/D.D0.D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact, Social Distancing, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Perception, 0502 economics and business, Pandemic, Social Norms, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0505 law, media_common, 050502 law, Government, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions, Social distance, 05 social sciences, COVID-19, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice • Life Cycle Models and Saving, 3. Good health, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H1 - Structure and Scope of Government/H.H1.H12 - Crisis Management, Incentive, Norm (social), Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

In response to the pandemic of COVID-19 and in lack of pharmaceutical solutions, many countries have introduced social and physical distancing regulations to contain the transmission of the virus. These measures are effective insofar as they are able to quickly change people's habits. This is achieved by changing the monetary incentives of rule violators but also by shifting people's perception regarding the appropriateness of socialization. We studied the effect of introducing, and then lifting, distancing regulations on the perceived norm regarding social encounters. We conducted an online incentivized experiment in France where we elicited the same participants' perceived norm and social distancing behavior every week for three months. We found that people shifted behavior and norm perception as soon as the government introduced or removed distancing measures. This effect was fast acting and long lasting. This is informative for future interventions, especially in light of a possible COVID-19 recurrence.

Published
2021

17. Information frictions in inflation expectations among five types of economic agents

Author

GATE Working Paper Series, Camille Cornand, Paul Hubert, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) (OFCE), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
History, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E7 - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Polymers and Plastics, inflation expectations, experimental forecasts, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, survey forecasts, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, forecast revisions, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, disagreement, central bank forecasts, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit, Business and International Management, information frictions
Abstract

International audience; We compare disagreement in expectations and the frequency of forecast revisions among five categories of agents: households, firms, professional forecasters, policymakers and participants to laboratory experiments. We provide evidence of disagreement among all categories of agents. There is however a strong heterogeneity across categories: while policymakers and professional forecasters exhibit low disagreement, firms and households show strong disagreement. This translates into a heterogeneous frequency of forecast revision across categories of agents, with policymakers revising more frequently their forecasts than firms and professional forecasters. Households last revise less frequently. We are also able to explore the external validity of experimental expectations.

Published
2021

18. How much does the hospital stay for infusion of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells cost to the French National Health Insurance?

Author

Emmanuelle Kaltenbach, Lionel Perrier, Marius Huguet, Véronique Raimond, Vincent Augusto, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Haute Autorité de Santé [Saint-Denis La Plaine] (HAS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, National Health Programs, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Medical information, Context (language use), Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Drug Costs, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Biological Products, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, business.industry, Anti cd19, Hematology, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 3. Good health, Original data, Oncology, National health insurance, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Emergency medicine, Lymphoblastic leukaemia, France, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, Car t cells, business, Hospital stay
Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T cells) have the potential to be a major innovation as a new type of cancer treatment, but are associated with extremely high prices and a high level of uncertainty. This study aims to assess the cost of the hospital stay for the administration of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells in France. Data were collected from the French Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI) and all hospital stays associated with an administrated drug encoded 9439938 (tisagenlecleucel, Kymriah®) or 9440456 (axicabtagene ciloleucel, Yescarta®) between January 2019 and December 2020 were included. 485 hospital stays associated with an injection of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells were identified, of which 44 (9%), 139 (28.7%), and 302 (62.3%) were for tisagenlecleucel in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), tisagenlecleucel in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and axicabtagene ciloleucel respectively. The lengths of the stays were 37.9, 23.8, and 25.9 days for tisagenlecleucel in ALL, tisagenlecleucel in DLBCL, and axicabtagene ciloleucel, respectively. The mean costs per hospital stay were € 372,400 for a tisagenlecleucel in ALL, € 342,903 for tisagenlecleucel in DLBCL, and € 366,562 for axicabtagene ciloleucel. CAR T-cells represented more than 80% of these costs. n=13 hospitals performed CAR-T cell injections, with two hospitals accounting for more than 50% of the total number of injections. This study provides original data in a context of limited information regarding the costs of hospitalization for patients undergoing CAR-T cell treatments. In addition to the financial burden, distance may also be an important barrier for accessing CAR T-cell treatment.

Published
2021

19. Hiding behind the veil of ashes: Social capital in the wake of natural disasters

Author

Victor Stephane, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, Inequality, Moral hazard, 050204 development studies, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Volcanic Eruptions, Development, Information asymmetry, Order (exchange), 0502 economics and business, Development economics, Economics, Asymmetric Information, 050207 economics, Natural disaster, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Moral Hazard, 050208 finance, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Building and Construction, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q54 - Climate • Natural Disasters and Their Management • Global Warming, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Solidarity, Shock (economics), JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, Social Capital, Ecuador, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information • Mechanism Design, Social capital
Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of natural disasters on social capital. By heterogeneously affecting people in a community, natural disasters create a temporary information asymmetry on their post-disaster income. Using an original dataset collected in rural Ecuador, we provide suggestive evidence that households use this asymmetric information to pretend to be poorer than they actually are, in order to escape from solidarity mechanisms in the aftermath of the shock. The magnitude of this effect decreases with the level of wealth inequality in the community and vanishes in the most unequal communities where bilateral cooperation is rather fostered.

Published
2021

20. Trois essais sur l'aversion à la culpabilité : théorie et expériences

Author

Rimbaud, Claire, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, Marie-Claire Villeval, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Corruption, Experiment, Acquisition d'informations, Aversion à la culpabilité, Vulnerability, Théorie des jeux psychologiques, Guilt Aversion, Psychological Game Theory, Vulnérabilité, Information Acquisition, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Expérience
Abstract

The aim of this thesis was to question the scope of influence of guilt-aversion by investigating (i) the direction of guilt: can individuals be guilt averse toward someone who is not affected monetarily by their decisions, or only toward someone whose earnings are affected? (ii) some necessary conditions for the emergence of guilt aversion: does the vulnerability of the person to whom individuals may feel guilty impacts the emergence of guilt? (iii) the robustness of guilt aversion against self-serving bias: are individuals strategic in their information acquisition about others' expectations in order to avoid triggering their guilt? On the one hand, our work revealed for the very first time that people can be guilt-averse even toward people who are not affected monetarily by their decisions. This finding, obtained in the context of an embezzlement game (Chapter 1), was further extended to new contexts where guilt aversion was systematically observed toward players independently of their vulnerability (Chapter 2). On the other hand, although guilt aversion appeared to generalize to a variety of situations, we demonstrated that its robustness may be challenged in situations where the decision-makers have the possibility to avoid the tension between their monetary incentives and their belief-dependent concerns (Chapter 3).; L'objectif de cette thèse était de questionner la sphère d'influence de l'aversion à la culpabilité en étudiant (i) la direction de la culpabilité : les individus peuvent-ils avoir une aversion à la culpabilité envers une personne qui n'est pas affectée monétairement par leurs décisions, ou seulement envers une personne dont les revenus sont affectés ? (ii) certaines conditions nécessaires à l'émergence de l'aversion à la culpabilité : la vulnérabilité de la personne envers laquelle les individus peuvent se sentir coupables a-t-elle un impact sur l'émergence de la culpabilité ? (iii) la robustesse de l'aversion à la culpabilité face aux biais égoïstes : les individus sont-ils stratégiques dans leur acquisition d'informations sur les attentes des autres afin d'éviter de déclencher leur culpabilité ? D'une part, notre travail a révélé pour la première fois que les gens peuvent avoir une aversion à la culpabilité même envers des personnes qui ne sont pas affectées financièrement par leurs décisions. Cette découverte, obtenue dans le contexte d'un jeu de détournement de fonds (Chapitre 1), a été étendue à de nouveaux contextes où l'aversion à la culpabilité a été systématiquement observée envers des joueurs indépendamment de leur vulnérabilité (Chapitre 2). D'autre part, bien que l'aversion à la culpabilité semble se généraliser à une diversité de situations, nous avons démontré que sa robustesse peut être remise en cause dans des situations où les décideurs ont la possibilité d'éviter la tension entre leurs incitations monétaires et leurs préoccupations liées aux croyances (Chapitre 3).

Published
2021

21. Cohesive efficiency in TU-games: axiomatizations of variants of the Shapley value, egalitarian values and their convex combinations

Author

Eric Rémila, André Casajus, Philippe Solal, Sylvain Béal, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016)

Subjects
Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, 05 social sciences, Regular polygon, Structure (category theory), General Decision Sciences, Management Science and Operations Research, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Shapley value, Grand coalition, 0502 economics and business, Theory of computation, 050207 economics, Mathematical economics, Axiom, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics
Abstract

We relax the assumption that the grand coalition must form by imposing the axiom of Cohesive efficiency: the total payoffs that the players can share is equal to the maximal total worth generated by a coalition structure. We determine how the three main axiomatic characterizations of the Shapley value are affected when the classical axiom of Efficiency is replaced by Cohesive efficiency. We introduce and characterize two variants of the Shapley value that are compatible with Cohesive efficiency. We show that our approach can also be applied to the variants of more egalitarian values.

Published
2021

22. Distributional National Accounts Guidelines Methods and Concepts Used in the World Inequality Database

Author

Facundo Alvaredo, Atkinson, Anthony B., Thomas Blanchet, Lucas Chancel, Luis Estevez Bauluz, Matthew Fisher-Post, Ignacio Flores, Bertrand Garbinti, Jonathan Goupille-Lebret, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Marc Morgan, Neef Theresa, Thomas Piketty, Anne-Sophie Robilliard, Emmanuel Saez, Gabriel Zucman, Li Yang, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nuffield College (NUFFIELD COLLEGE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales (IDDRI), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), World Inequality Lab (WIL), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme (DIAL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, World Inequality Lab, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), University of Oxford, Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Centre de recherche de la Banque de France, Banque de France, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSE (Paris School of economics), University of Bonn, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published
2021

23. Condorcet winners and social acceptability

Author

Muhammad Mahajne, Oscar Volij, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Property (philosophy), Rank (computer programming), Condorcet method, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Microeconomics, Social acceptability, International political economy, Economics, Single peaked preferences, Mathematical economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Mathematics, Social policy, Public finance
Abstract

We say that an alternative is socially acceptable if the number of individuals who rank it among their most preferred half of the alternatives is at least as large as the number of individuals who rank it among the least preferred half. A Condorcet winner may not necessarily be socially acceptable. However, if preferences are single-peaked, single-dipped, or satisfy the single-crossing property, any Condorcet winner is socially acceptable. We identify maximal families of preferences that guarantee that Condorcet winners are socially acceptable.

Published
2019

24. Trends in the Control Strategies for Occupational Exposure to Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, and Reprotoxic Chemicals in France (2003–2010)

Author

Morgane Plantier, Barbara Charbotel, Nathalie Havet, Alexis Penot, Béatrice Fervers, Magali Morelle, Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière (SAF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Département Cancer and Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR_T9405), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département cancer environnement (Centre Léon Bérard - Lyon), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Control (management), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Hazardous Substances, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, CARCINOGENS, Occupations, Personal Protective Equipment, Personal protective equipment, Occupational Health, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, business.industry, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Regression analysis, Middle Aged, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Ventilation, Employment contract, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, PROTECTION MEASURES, 8. Economic growth, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Occupational exposure, business, Mutagens
Abstract

International audience; Background: European directives stipulate that French employers take all available measures to reduce the use of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic chemicals (CMRs). Our study explores the trends for the various control measures that are available to employees exposed to CMRs, at two time points (2003 and 2010).Method: Our study assessed data from the 2003 and the 2010 French national cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards (SUMER). The availability of collective protections (source-based controls and general ventilation) and personal protective equipment (PPE) was explored. Trends in the availability of protective measures were studied using multilevel logistic regressions.Results: Exposure situations without any protective measures decreased considerably between 2003 and 2010 (29.9% vs. 17.9%, respectively). The increase in the proportion of exposure situations involving source-based controls (e.g., an isolation chamber, local exhaust ventilation, etc.) was, however, much less. Multiple regression analysis showed that the protection strategies depended on the job characteristics (e.g., work schedules, the employment contract, and the occupation) as well as the size of the company. There were noticeable changes between 2003 and 2010. For example, differences in protections available between full-time and part-time workers disappeared in the 7-year period, while those between executives/managers and other employees increased, as did the gaps between large and small companies. Conclusion: Although the overall increase in exposure situations involving protective measures masks a number of differences in exposure between employee categories, it is a step in the right direction. Source-based controls appeared to be implemented more for exposures with the longest durations, and PPE was very often combined with collective protections, which is what is currently recommended.

Published
2019

25. The value of a statistical life under changes in ambiguity

Author

Béatrice Rey, Christophe Courbage, Han Bleichrodt, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Australian National University (ANU), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (HES-SO), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Applied Economics, The Geneva Association, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Dao, Taï, Applied Economics, and Health Technology Assessment (HTA)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Public policy, Ambiguity aversion, Prudence, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, Order (exchange), Policy decision, Accounting, Perception, 0502 economics and business, Econometrics, smooth ambiguity model, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Value of a statistical life, media_common, 05 social sciences, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, Ambiguity, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, neoadditive preferences, ambiguity, prudence, 050206 economic theory, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects, Psychology, Value (mathematics), Finance
Abstract

The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a key parameter in the analysis of government policy. Most policy decisions are made under ambiguity. This paper studies the effect of changes in ambiguity perception on the value of a statistical life (VSL). We propose a definition of increases in ambiguity perception based on Ekern’s (1980) definition of increases in risk. Ambiguity aversion alone is not sufficient to lead to an increase in the VSL when the decision maker perceives more ambiguity. Our results highlight the importance of higher order ambiguity attitudes, particularly ambiguity prudence.

Published
2019

26. Apport de la génomique dans la médecine de demain, applications cliniques et enjeux

Author

Lionel Perrier, Guillaume Grenet, Bruno Laviolle, Florence Gaillard-Bigot, Pascal Bilbault, Olivier Perche, Hélène Espérou, Jean-François Guérin, Julia Morere, Julien Thevenon, Caroline Guillot, Élodie Bégué, François Gueyffier, Damien Sanlaville, Pierre-Henry Longeray, Nathalie Varoqueaux, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC CHU Lyon (inserm), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France., Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer - Paris, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), The Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation [Lyon] (LYSARC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departement de Neurologie (HCL), Pfizer Oncology, Fédération française des diabétiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-IFR100 - Structure fédérative de recherche Santé-STIC, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble (CHU de Grenoble), CHU Grenoble, Roche SAS, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, Laboratoire Roche SAS, AstraZeneca, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ligue Nationnale Contre le Cancer, Hypoxie et physiopathologies cardiovasculaire et respiratoire, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Thérapeutique, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Questions éthiques, Médecine personnalisée, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Séquençage du génome entier, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pronostic, Pharmacology (medical), Diagnostic
Abstract

International audience; Le séquençage du génome est aujourd’hui accessible à la population mais il n’existe que peu de preuves de son utilité comme outil diagnostique, thérapeutique et pronostique. En France, le plan France médecine génomique 2025 a été lancé en 2015 avec pour objectif d’intégrer les analyses génomiques dans la pratique clinique pour des indications validées et de développer une filière nationale de la médecine génomique incluant des partenariats industriels. Une réflexion sur les applications scientifiques et les enjeux opérationnels et sociétaux est nécessaire afin de formuler des recommandations pour permettre de mieux associer la génomique et la médecine de demain. Dans la perspective d’une médecine factuelle personnalisée, il convient de promouvoir des études avec un niveau d’exigence méthodologique approprié et d’approfondir la définition du niveau de preuve. Les nombreux enjeux opérationnels nécessitent de mettre en place des organisations et des moyens afin de fluidifier le circuit de rendu des résultats ainsi que des adaptations réglementaires sur les statuts des professions impliquées, la gestion des données générées et le consentement des patients. En parallèle des actions de formation en génétique à destination des professionnels de santé et des actions de sensibilisation sur les tests génétiques vis-à-vis du grand public doivent être envisagées. Les enjeux éthiques doivent également être pris en compte, notamment sur la participation du patient aux décisions le concernant en fonction de ses attentes et en intégrant la notion d’incertitude dans l’information délivrée. Les effets sociologiques sur le vécu et les attentes des patients et de la population générale vis-à-vis de la médecine génomique doivent également être évalués pour améliorer l’information, la prévention et l’accompagnement des personnes. Enfin, des études médicoéconomiques doivent être conduites pour éclairer les décideurs sur le caractère coût-efficace du séquençage complet du génome pour la santé des populations.

Published
2019

27. Automation, Offshoring and Employment Distribution in Western Europe

Author

Maillard, Jocelyn, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Automation, offshoring, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance/F.F4.F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor/J.J2.J24 - Human Capital • Skills • Occupational Choice • Labor Productivity, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes, labor-market polarization, European employment distribution, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of automation and offshoring on the dynamics of the occupational distribution of employment with a focus on Western Europe between 2000 and 2016. I use a general equilibrium model with three regions, three types of workers, ICT capital, trade in final goods and endogenous offshoring. Fed with exogenous measures of ICT-capital prices and trade costs, the model replicates key features of the data. It matches the observed dynamics of offshoring to Eastern Europe and Asian countries. It also reproduces accurately the observed polarization of the labor market: abstract and manual labor increase while routine labor falls. A counterfactual experiment reveals that automation is the main driver of polarization. Since it is also the only factor that drives individuals to become abstract (highskill) workers, it is welfare enhancing. The effects of falling trade costs on labor polarization are smaller, but imply welfare gains.

Published
2021

28. 'Taking Diversity Into Account': Real effects of accounting measurement on asset allocation

Author

Gaëtan Le Quang, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Asset allocation, Time horizon, Accounting, Historical cost, Investment (macroeconomics), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Fair value, 0502 economics and business, Financial crisis, [No keyword available], Economics, 050207 economics, business, Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Diversity (business)
Abstract

In the wake of the financial crisis, accounting issues have caught the attention of both economists and regulators. Fair value accounting has indeed been charged of amplifying the procyclicality of the banking system. Real effects of accounting are therefore to be taken into consideration when discussing the issues raised by the crisis. We develop a theoretical model to study what the real effects of accounting on financial institutions’ investment decision are. Doing so, we show that fair value accounting may incentivize banks to underinvest in long-term risky assets, while historical cost accounting may incentivize them to invest too much in those assets. At first sight, bank accounting thus appears as a choice between bad and worse. We show that this is not necessarily the case. More precisely, if financial institutions are subject to different accounting rules depending on their time horizon – i.e. long-sighted financial institutions are subject to historical cost accounting while shorter-sighted financial institutions are subject to fair value accounting – the inefficiencies associated with both accounting rules may be softened.

Published
2021

29. When the state does not play dice: aggressive audit strategies foster tax compliance

Author

Eugenio Verrina, Matteo Ploner, Luigi Mittone, University of Trento [Trento], Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE26-0019,DECISION,Une étude sur la malhonnêteté: des émotions et de la cognition aux institutions et aux organisations(2019), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Finance, Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Dice, Audit, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Phase (combat), Compliance (psychology), Test (assessment), State (polity), 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), 050205 econometrics, Public finance, media_common, Social policy
Abstract

We experimentally test the effect of aggressive audit strategies on tax compliance. Taxpayers first go through a phase of audits managed by a human tax agent who is requested to follow a rule imposed by a fair random device. However, the tax agent can freely decide to break the rule and over-inspect. Afterward, taxpayers are exposed to a genuinely random audit process governed by an algorithm, which makes compliance a strategically dominated option. We find that taxpayers are generally over-inspected by the human tax agents and react to this with nearly full compliance. Our main result is that these high levels of compliance also persist when controls are implemented by the algorithm. This suggests that tax authorities can use aggressive audit strategies to raise and sustain tax compliance.

Published
2021

30. Homophily, Peer Effects, and Dishonesty

Author

Charroin, Liza, Fortin, Bernard, Villeval, Marie, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - École d'économie de la Sorbonne (UP1 UFR02), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre interuniversitaire sur le risque, les politiques économiques et l'emploi [Montréal] (CIRPEE), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, 050208 finance, Dishonesty, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 050207 economics, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Homophily, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice • Life Cycle Models and Saving, Self-Selection Bias, Peer Effects
Abstract

If individuals tend to behave like their peers, is it because of conformity, that is, the preference of people to align behavior with the behavior of their peers; homophily, that is, the tendency of people to bond with similar others; or both? We address this question in the context of an ethical dilemma. Using a peer effect model allowing for homophily, we designed a real-effort laboratory experiment in which individuals could misreport their performance to earn more. Our results reveal a preference for conformity and for homophily in the selection of peers, but only among participants who were cheating in isolation. The size of peer effects is similar when identical peers were randomly assigned and when they were selected by individuals. We thus jointly reject the presence of a self-selection bias in the peer effect estimates and of a link strength effect..

Published
2021

31. Another Brick in the Wall. Immigration and Electoral Preferences: Direct Evidence from State Ballots

Author

Olivier Bargain, Victor Stephane, Jérôme Valette, Laboratoire d'analyse et de recherche en économie et finance internationales (Larefi), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Admin, Oskar

Subjects
050208 finance, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business/F.F2.F22 - International Migration, Geography, Planning and Development, 05 social sciences, electoral outcomes, Development, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D3 - Distribution/D.D3.D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, F22, 050207 economics, mmigration, 10. No inequality, D31, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, immigration
Abstract

IZA DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES: IZA DP No. 14233; Using information on actual ballots rather than survey data, we investigate the impact of immigration on both electoral outcomes and immigrant-related motives underlying political preferences. We take advantage of 94 votes, namely 54 policy propositions and 40 elections for candidates, that took place in Californian general elections between 2010 and 2018. We first analyze how the share of immigrants at the census tract level affects electoral outcomes. We find that a rise in immigration is associated with a decrease in people’s support for the Democratic party and for liberal measures. Using proposition topics, we show that this effect is driven by policies pertaining to redistribution, public good provision and justice/crime, while other propositions, less directly related to immigration are not impacted. The effect is stronger when immigrants are less assimilated and originate from poor and culturally distant countries.

Published
2021

32. Does Every Minute Really Count? Road Time as an Indicator for the Economic Value of Emergency Medical Services

Author

Luc Baumstark, David Swan, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Emergency Medical Services, Time Factors, Adolescent, Computer science, Cost-Benefit Analysis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, Statistics, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Emergency medical services, Humans, Endogeneity, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multinomial logistic regression, Aged, Estimation, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Patient Acuity, Response time, Infant, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, Confidence interval, Variable (computer science), Logistic Models, Child, Preschool, Female, France, business
Abstract

Objectives This article builds on the literature regarding the association between emergency medical service (EMS) response times and patient outcomes (death and severe injury). Three issues are addressed in this article with respect to the empirical estimation of this relationship: the endogeneity of response time (systematically quicker response for higher degrees of urgency), the nonlinearity of this relationship, and the variation between such estimations for different patient outcomes. Methods Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models are used to estimate the impact of response time on the probabilities of death and severe injury using data from French Fire and Rescue Services. These models are developed with response time as an explanatory variable and then with road time (dispatch to arrival) hypothesized as representing the exogenous variation within response time. Both models are also applied to data subsets based on response time intervals. Results The results show that road time yields a higher estimate for the impact of response time on patient outcomes than (total) response time. The impact of road time on patient outcomes is also shown to be nonlinear. These results are of both statistical significance (model coefficients are significant at the 95% confidence level) and economical significance (when taking into account the number of annual interventions performed). Conclusions When using heterogeneous data on EMS interventions where endogeneity is a clear issue, road time is a more reliable indicator to estimate the impact of EMS response time on patient outcomes than (total) response time.

Published
2021

33. Accounting for Wealth-Inequality Dynamics: Methods, Estimates, and Simulations for France

Author

Thomas Piketty, Jonathan Goupille-Lebret, Bertrand Garbinti, Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Banque de France (Banque de France), Banque de France, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), ANR-19-CE41-0011,MIDDLECLASS,Classes moyennes, fiscalité et démocratie dans un monde globalisé(2019), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-EQPX-0017,CASD,Développement et construction d'un Centre d'Accès Sécurisé Distant aux données confidentielles (CASD) pour la recherche française en sciences sociales et en économie.(2010), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique (ENSAE), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENS Lyon, Université de Lyon, World Inequality Lab (WIL), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)

Subjects
Labour economics, WEALTH, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, FRANCE, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, MEASUREMENT, Economic inequality, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Asset (economics), 050207 economics, 050205 econometrics, media_common, INCOME_DISTRIBUTION, Rate of return, Earnings, National accounts, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy/E.E2.E21 - Consumption • Saving • Wealth, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D3 - Distribution/D.D3.D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions, Capital (economics), JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E0 - General/E.E0.E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth • Environmental Accounts, 8. Economic growth, SIMULATION, ESTIMATE, JEL: N - Economic History/N.N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Wealth concentration
Abstract

Measuring and understanding the evolution of wealth inequality is a key challenge for researchers, policy makers, and the general public. This paper breaks new ground on this topic by presenting a new method to estimate and study wealth inequality. This method combines fiscal data with household surveys and national accounts in order to provide annual wealth distribution series, with detailed breakdowns by percentiles, age, and assets. Using the case of France as an illustration, we show that the resulting series can be used to better analyze the evolution and the determinants of wealth-inequality dynamics over the 1970–2014 period. We show that the decline in wealth inequality ends in the early 1980s, marking the beginning of a rise in the top 1% wealth share, though with significant fluctuations due largely to asset price movements. Rising inequality in savings rates coupled with highly stratified rates of returns has led to rising wealth concentration in spite of the opposing effect of house price increases. We develop a simple simulation model highlighting how changes in the combination of unequal savings rates, rates of return, and labor earnings that occurred in the early 1980s generated large multiplicative effects that led to radically different steady-state levels of wealth inequality. Taking advantage of the joint distribution of income and wealth, we show that top wealth holders are almost exclusively top capital earners, and increasingly fewer are made up of top labor earners; it has become increasingly difficult in recent decades to access top wealth groups with one's labor income only.

Published
2021

34. Optimizing training programs for athletic performance: a Monte-Carlo Tree Search variant method

Author

Nicolas Houy, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Athletes, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Monte Carlo tree search, Population, Training (meteorology), Percentage point, 030229 sport sciences, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Population variability, Value of information, 03 medical and health sciences, Tree (data structure), 0302 clinical medicine, Statistics, education, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

PurposeUsing a variant of the Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm, we compute optimal personalized and generic training programs for athletic performance.MethodsWe use a non-linear performance model with population variability for athletes and non-athletes previously used in the literature. Then, we simulate an in-silico test population. For each individual of this population, we compute the performance obtained after implementing several widely used training programs as well as the one obtained by our variant of the MCTS algorithm. Two cases are considered depending on individual parameters being observed and personalized programs being possible or only parameter distributions being available and only generic training programs being implementable.ResultsCompared to widely used training programs, our optimization leads to an increase in performance between 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9 – 1.4) percentage point of the performance obtained with stationary optimal training dose (pp POTD) for athletes and unknown individual characteristics to 10.0 (95% CI: 9.6 – 10.3) pp POTD for nonathletes and known individual characteristics. The value of information when using MCTS optimized training strategies, i.e. the difference between the performance that can be reached with knowledge of individual characteristics and the performance that can be reached without it is 14.7 (95% CI: 12.8 – 16.7) pp POTD for athletes and 3.0 (95% CI: 2.6 – 3.4) pp POTD for non-athletes.

Published
2021

35. The Distinct Impact of Information and Incentives on Cheating

Author

Benistant, Julien, Galeotti, Fabio, Villeval, Marie Claire, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dao, Taï, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, dishonesty, 050208 finance, peer effects, experiment, M52, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, feedback, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, D83, Dishonesty, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M5 - Personnel Economics/M.M5.M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, C92, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, competitive incentives, 050205 econometrics
Abstract

We study a dynamic variant of the die-under-the-cup task where players can repeatedly misreport the outcomes of consecutive die rolls to earn more money, either under a non- competitive piece rate scheme or in a two-player competitive tournament. In this dynamic setting we test (i) whether giving continuous feedback (vs. final ex post feedback) on the opponent's reported outcome to both players encourages cheating behavior, and (ii) to what extent this influence depends on the incentive scheme in use (piece rate vs. tournament). We also vary whether the opponent is able to cheat or not. We find that people lie more when placed in a competitive rather than a non-competitive setting, but only if both players can cheat in the tournament. Continuous feedback on the counterpart's reports increases cheating under the piece-rate scheme but not in a competitive setting. Our results provide new insights on the role that feedback plays on cheating behavior in dynamic settings under different payment schemes, and shed light on the origins of the effect of competition on dishonesty.

Published
2021

36. How choice proliferation affects revealed preferences

Author

Marianne Lumeau, Fabrice Le Lec, Benoît Tarroux, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA), Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management (GRANEM), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE41-0002,VALFREE,Evaluer la valeur de la liberté : une approche expérimentale(2016)

Subjects
JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice, Choice set, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, General Decision Sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Computer Science Applications, Test (assessment), [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Salient, 0502 economics and business, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 050211 marketing, Set (psychology), Psychology, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Size dependence, Applied Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; Whereas the literature on choice overload has shown that people tend to defer their choice or experience less satisfaction under choice proliferation, this paper aims to test how the profusion of choice directly affects individuals’ revealed preferences over options. To do so, we run an experiment where subjects have to compare familiar (i.e., easy, salient and relatively safe) and unfamiliar options under different choice contexts (Large or Small choice sets). We hypothesize that, as the choice set expands, the decisions become harder and more costly and subjects may find familiar items relatively more attractive. Our results provide clear evidence of set size dependence of revealed preferences: Subjects prefer familiar items more frequently in larger choice sets. This evidence is robust to a number of experimental variations and statistical controls.

Published
2021

37. The effect of ex-post information in choice under ambiguity

Author

Giorgio Coricelli, Mateus Joffily, Francesco D. Zaffuto, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Ambiguity, Psychology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

38. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern identified by 'suspect screening' from urban wastewater treatment plant effluents at a territorial scale

Author

Elisabeth Sibeud, Matthieu Hervé, Christine Libert, Myriam Hammada, Yves Perrodin, Aurélie Fildier, Antoine Gosset, Philippe Polomé, Emmanuelle Vulliet, Laure Wiest, Barbara Giroud, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Lyon Urban School, through a funding grant from the French National Research Agency (Programme Investissements d'Avenir (ANR-17-CONV-0004)). This study also received scientifical, technical, and financial support from the French Ministry of Ecology (through the ENTPE), the Greater Lyon and the University Lyon 2.This work was performed within the framework of the EUR H2O'Lyon (ANR-17-EURE-0018) of Université de Lyon (UdL), within the program 'Investissements d'Avenir' operated by the French National Research Agency (ANR)., Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0018,H2O'LYON,School of Integrated Watershed Sciences(2017), ANR-17-CONV-0004,LUS,Lyon Urban School(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Wastewater, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Purification, Environmental health, Environmental Chemistry, Predicted no-effect concentration, Waste Management and Disposal, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cocktail effect, Scale (chemistry), Ecotoxicological risk, Urban wastewater, Contaminants of Emerging Concern, Pesticide, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Ecotoxicological risk assessment, Pharmaceutical, Environmental science, Sewage treatment, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Risk assessment, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, Suspect-screening
Abstract

Urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are a major vector of highly ecotoxic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) for urban and sub-urban streams. Ecotoxicological risk assessments (ERAs) provide essential information to public environmental authorities. Nevertheless, ERAs are mainly performed at very local scale (one or few WWTPs) and on pre-selected list of CECs. To cope with these limits, the present study aims to develop a territorial-scale ERA on CECs previously identified by a "suspect screening" analytical approach (LC-QToF-MS) and quantified in the effluents of 10 WWTPs of a highly urbanized territory during three periods of the year. Among CECs, this work focused on pharmaceutical residue and pesticides. ERA was conducted following two complementary methods: (1) a single substance approach, based on the calculation for each CEC of risk quotients (RQs) by the ratio of Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC), and (2) mixture risk assessment ("cocktail effect") based on a concentration addition model (CA), summing individual RQs. Chemical results led to an ERA for 41 CEC (37 pharmaceuticals and 4 pesticides) detected in treated effluents. Single substance ERA identified 19 CECs implicated in at least one significant risk for streams, with significant risks for DEET, diclofenac, lidocaine, atenolol, terbutryn, atorvastatin, methocarbamol, and venlafaxine (RQs reaching 39.84, 62.10, 125.58, 179.11, 348.24, 509.27, 1509.71 and 3097.37, respectively). Mixture ERA allowed the identification of a risk (RQmix > 1) for 9 of the 10 WWTPs studied. It was also remarked that CECs leading individually to a negligible risk could imply a significant risk in a mixture. Finally, the territorial ERA showed a diversity of risk situations, with the highest concerns for 3 WWTPs: the 2 biggest of the territory discharging into a large French river, the Rhone, and for the smallest WWTP that releases into a small intermittent stream.

Published
2021

39. The T-periodic choice with limited loyalty

Author

Muhammad Mahajne, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR: INDEPTH,ANR-16-IDEX-0005, Dao, Taï, IDEXLYON - - IDEXLYON2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0005 - IDEX - VALID, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Class (set theory), 050208 finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D0 - General/D.D0.D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles, media_common.quotation_subject, Choice function, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Axiomatization Choice function, Axiomatization, 0502 economics and business, Statistics, Loyalty, 050207 economics, Preference relation, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Period (music), Mathematics, media_common
Abstract

We study a decision-maker who selects, in every fixed period of time, T times from every collection of feasible alternatives, where T is pre-determined by him. We axiomatize the class of T-choice functions according to which the decision-maker has fixed preference relation along the same period but has limited loyalty. The decision-maker selects, deterministically, in a way such that the higher an alternative is ranked by his preference relation the higher it is selected in his T choices.

Published
2021

40. Approval voting without ballot restrictions

Author

Stéphane Gonzalez, Federica Ceron, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
balloting procedures, 05 social sciences, endorsement, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, D71, Ballot, Law, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Approval voting, 050206 economic theory, informational basis, Business, 050207 economics, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We axiomatically study voting rules without making any assumption on the ballots that voters are allowed to cast. In this setting, we characterize the family of “endorsement rules,” which includes approval voting and the plurality rule, via the imposition of three normative conditions. The first condition is the well known social‐theoretic principle of consistency; the second one, unbiasedness, roughly requires social outcomes not to be biased toward particular candidates or voters; the last one, dubbed no single voter overrides, demands that the addition of a voter to an electorate cannot radically change the social outcome. Building on this result, we provide the first axiomatic characterization of approval voting without the approval balloting assumption. The informational basis of approval voting as well as its aggregative rationale are jointly derived from a set of conditions that can be defined on most of the ballot spaces studied in the literature.

Published
2021

41. Pairwise consensus and Borda rule

Author

Mahajne, Muhammad, Volij, Oscar, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), ANR: INDEPTH,ANR-16-IDEX-0005, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Dao, Taï, and IDEXLYON - - IDEXLYON2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0005 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
021103 operations research, Consensus, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, scoring rules, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Borda rule, 02 engineering and technology, 16. Peace & justice, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

We say that a preference profile exhibits pairwise consensus around some fixed preference relation, if whenever a preference relation is closer to it than another one, the distance of the profile to the former is not greater than its distance to the latter. We say that a social choice rule satisfies the pairwise consensus property if it selects the top ranked alternative in the preference relation around which there is such a consensus. We show that the Borda rule is the unique scoring rule that satisfies this property.

Published
2021

42. Learning to deal with repeated shocks under strategic complementarity: An experiment

Author

Adam Zylbersztejn, Camille Cornand, Muhammed Bulutay, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, Inertia, JEL: G - Financial Economics, heuristics switching, C73, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Econometrics, D91, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Strategic complementarities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 050205 econometrics, Rational expectations, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games • Evolutionary Games • Repeated Games, 050208 finance, Conjecture, Strategic complements, 05 social sciences, heuristics switching JEL codes: C72, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Complementarity (physics), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D84 - Expectations • Speculations, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice • Life Cycle Models and Saving, adjustment speed, similarity-based learning, D83, D84, Complementarity (molecular biology), Path (graph theory), Predictive power, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C72 - Noncooperative Games, Adaptive learning, guessing games, expectations, G41
Abstract

Experimental evidence shows that the rational expectations hypothesis fails to characterize the path to equilibrium after an exogenous shock when actions are strategic complements. Under identical shocks, however, repetition allows adaptive learning, so that inertia in adjustment should fade away with experience. If this finding proves to be robust, inertia in adjustment may be irrelevant among experienced agents. The conjecture in the literature is that inertia would still persist, perhaps indefinitely, in the presence of real-world complications such as nonidentical shocks. Herein, we empirically test the conjecture that the inertia in adjustment is more persistent if the shocks are nonidentical. For both identical and nonidentical shocks, we find persistent inertia and similar patterns of adjustment that can be explained by backward-looking expectation rules. A reformulation of naïve expectations with similarity-based learning approach is found to have a higher predictive power than rational and trend-following rules.

Published
2021

43. Does the formal home care provided to old-adults persons affect utilisation of support services by informal carers? An analysis of the French CARE and the U.S. NHATS/NSOC surveys

Author

Guets, Wilfried, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J14 - Economics of the Elderly • Economics of the Handicapped • Non-Labor Market Discrimination, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O5 - Economywide Country Studies/O.O5.O52 - Europe, Support service utilisation, Econometrics, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I19 - Other, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Formal home care, Informal care, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models • Discrete Regressors • Proportions • Probabilities
Abstract

The role of informal carers in long-term care sheds light on the struggle related to population ageing and the increasing incidence of chronic disease. However, despite the increasing number of informal carers, most of them experienced the burden of caregiving. Since various policies have been implemented across countries to support informal carers, their attitude toward support services should be addressed. This research consisted of investigating how formal home care affected the utilisation of support services by informal carers. Data used stemmed from the 2015 Survey Capacité Aide et Ressources des Seniors ("CARE ménage") collected in France; and the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS) with the National Survey of Caregiving (NSOC) in the United States of America (U.S.). Andersen's health behavioural model of support services utilisation provided a conceptual framework for investigating predisposing, enabling, and need variables associated with informal carers services use. We used a probit model for econometrics modelling. We also checked for the endogeneity of formal care. A sample of N = 4,866 in France and N = 1,060 in the U.S. informal carers and care recipients' dyads were used in the study. In France, the care recipients' formal care utilisation does not influence the carer support service use. Comparatively, in the United States, formal care significantly increases the respite services utilisation by informal carers. This study provides important implications for Long-Term Care (TLC) dedicated to health policy, for an optimal trade-off between informal and formal care use, bearing in mind health system specificities. First, countries may spend more funds in innovative support programs in access to care, because some carers may have difficulties in accessing and using support services. Secondly, to provide and foster information campaigns to raise awareness concerning the utilisation of various existing health services, to improve social welfare..

Published
2021

44. Allocation Rules for Multi-choice Games with a Permission Tree Structure

Author

David Lowing, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), 021103 operations research, Generalization, Computer science, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Decision Sciences, Multi-choice games, Permission (tree) structures Multi-choice games, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Permission, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Multi-choice Permission value, Tree structure, 0502 economics and business, 050206 economic theory, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Transferable utility, Mathematical economics, Permission (tree) structures
Abstract

We consider multi-choice cooperative games with a permission tree structure. Multi-choice games are a generalization of a cooperative transferable utility games in which each player has several activity levels. In addition, a permission tree structure models a situation in which a player needs permission from another player to cooperate. In this framework, the influence of a permission structure on the possibility of cooperation may have several interpretations depending on the context. In this paper, we investigate several of these interpretations and introduce for each of them a new allocation rule that we axiomatically characterize.

Published
2021

45. Carrer building and the pandemic

Author

Villeval, Marie Claire, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

46. Homophily, peer effects and dishonesty

Author

Villeval, Marie Claire, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

47. Evaluation of indirect effects of place-based science-industry transfer policies: Case of French Technological Research Institutes

Author

Ruben Fotso, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Matching (statistics), JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C5 - Econometric Modeling/C.C5.C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods • Simulation Methods, Indirect effect, Impact evaluation, Control (management), impact evaluation, Public policy, SMEs, difference-in-differences approach, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C21 - Cross-Sectional Models • Spatial Models • Treatment Effect Models • Quantile Regressions, Technological research, Transfer (computing), Rest (finance), 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Industrial organization, 050208 finance, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H23 - Externalities • Redistributive Effects • Environmental Taxes and Subsidies, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 8. Economic growth, spillovers, Business, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D0 - General/D.D0.D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O30 - General, Panel data
Abstract

When it comes to evaluating the causal effect of public policies on corporate performance, most studies tend to exclusively focus on targeted (treated) firms as if they have no relationship to the rest of the economy. Yet, public policies are highly likely to indirectly influence non-targeted firms due to the relationships they have with the targeted firms. This paper aims to fill this gap by evaluating the indirect causal effect of a new French science-industry transfer policy on the financial and employment variables of non-targeted companies. To do so, it focuses on French Technological Research Institutes (TRIs) which are science-industry collaborations based on technological platforms that bring together SMEs, large companies, universities and public research bodies with the goal of accelerating the transfer of knowledge towards firms and generating spillovers inside and outside the scheme. Based on geographical economics literature, it can be assumed that indirect effects tend to be spatially concentrated. By comparing a local untreated company to a non-local untreated company, therefore, using a difference-in-differences method applied to panel data (2008-2016) and combined with a double matching at the department level (NUTS 3) and at the firm level, it can be seen that non-beneficiary companies, located in the treated French department significantly improve their financial performance (turnover, financial autonomy) compared to control companies located in the control departments. The dynamics of employment variables are a little more complex. A negative significant effect is observed on the proportion of managers at the beginning of treatment and a positive significant effect is noticed later at the end of the period of observation. Analysis of the dynamics of the effects indicates that performance does not improve immediately after the treatment but later in time.

Published
2020

48. City cize and crime, empirical evidence from Ecuador

Author

Exbrayat, Nelly, Aguirre Sanchez, Andrea Carolina, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï

Subjects
[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

Colloque virtuel; International audience

Published
2020

49. The way people lie in markets

Author

Villeval, Marie Claire, Tergiman, Chloe, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Competition, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D0 - General/D.D0.D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles, 05 social sciences, M21, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: G - Financial Economics, Dishonesty, 0502 economics and business, Experiment JEL codes: C91, D01, 050206 economic theory, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M2 - Business Economics/M.M2.M21 - Business Economics, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Financial Markets, G41, Reputation
Abstract

In a finitely repeated game with asymmetric information, we experimentally study how reputation and standard market mechanisms change the nature of fraudulent announcements by experts. While some lies can be detected ex post by investors, other lies remain deniable. Lying behavior suggests that individuals care more about the consequences of being caught, rather than the act of lying per se. Allowing for reputation reduces the frequency of lies that can be detected but has no impact on deniable lies: individuals simply hide their lies better and fraud persists. Competition without reputation increases risky lies and never protects investment.

Published
2020

50. Reading Twitter in the Newsroom: How Social Media Affects Traditional-Media Reporting of Conflict

Author

Hatte, Sophie, Madinier, Etienne, Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

Présenté par Sophie Hatte; International audience

Published
2020

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