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International audience; During the last years, tourism studies witnessed an accelerated interest for inquiring stakeholder collaboration by means of Social Network Analysis. However, following a systematic literature review, we identified that little attention has been paid to the different types of relationships that compose a destination's network and especially regarding how these types of relationships interact between themselves. The aim of the current study is to adopt a multilayer network approach in order to decompose stakeholder networks from destinations and analyse the structure of distinct collaboration layers built around different tourism activities, as well as the interdependencies between them. The background of analysis consists of two Romanian case studies, one representative for emerging destinations (Bran) and the other for stagnating ones (Vatra Dornei). Methodologically, Social Network Analysis and nonparametric statistical analysis have been employed in order to uncover general and in-depth aspects of stakeholder collaboration. The main findings point out notable differences in size and structure between the collaboration layers generated by each activity, as well as the fact that particular collaboration layers are significantly interdependent. It has been demonstrated, inter alia, that stakeholders who collaborate for products creation will also collaborate for exchange of knowledge, while those who collaborate for designing policies and strategies will also collaborate for accessing funds and developing common projects. The study has implications for theory building and for destination management, pointing out towards the types of relationships that reinforce each other, and that could maximise collaboration's benefits in destinations, if managed properly.

International audience; The exposure of rural communities to illegal waste dumping practices associated with the lack of or poor waste collection schemes prior to the closure of rural dumpsites under EU regulations and the role of collection efficiency afterward in reducing this critical environmental threat constitutes a key issue in rural Romania. The present study reveals huge amounts of household uncollected waste released into the natural environment outside the official statistics of rural dumpsites. Despite the expansion of waste collection coverage towards rural areas since 2010, the problem of illegal dumping practice is difficult to solve. The improvement of collection efficiency, better law enforcement, and surveillance of environmental authorities coupled with educational and environmental awareness are necessary steps to combat this bad practice. A circular economy paradigm must be enacted in rural regions through separate collection schemes and to improve cost-efficient alternatives, such as home composting, and traditional and creative reuse practices, particularly in less developed regions

International audience; The fall of the communism represents an important element in the history and geography of Central and Eastern Europe. It is clear that its impact was not only on the institutional, political and socio-economic processes, but also on the urban morphology and functionality. Nevertheless, the most often, in the literature, these particularities are explained through the prism of the first processes mentioned above, while the quantification of the spatial processes is quasi-absent. Therefore, this research aims to outline some of the morphological and functional spatial patterns that characterize the post-socialist city from countries of Central and Eastern Europe that are members of the European Union. Using a quantitative methodology, that combines both statistical and GIS methods, the study analyses 132 cities, chosen based on demographic criteria, but also in regard to their position in the national hierarchy. Consequently, the main questions of the study focus on identifying what particularities (if any) can be identified for the morphological and functional pattern of the cities from Central and Eastern Europe? What role (if any) plays the socialist heritage in the spatial patterns of the urban development of post-socialist cities from Eastern and Central Europe? And finally, are there similarities or dissimilarities in regard to the western European city?

International audience

International audience

International audience; Si l’impact des TIC a abondamment été étudié dans les techniques de production agricole, les différents types d’usages des TIC dans les Circuits Courts Alimentaires (CCAP) de Proximité restent à ce jour très peu étudié (Chiffoleau et al, 2018). Pourtant, à l’instar des chaines logistiques « longues », de nombreux espoirs sont portés sur la capacité des TIC à optimiser les organisations logistiques des CCAP souvent sous-optimales.Façonnés au regard des besoins logistiques de distribution des produits, les services de transport et de logistiques s’avèrent protéiformes. La diversité des besoins logistiques explicitée à l’aune de l’économie des conventions, et la multiplicité des formes d’OLT étudiées à l’aune de L’économie des services conduiront à poser hypothèse d’une diversité des modalités d’inclusion des TIC dans les OLT des CCAP. Une étude menée dans les Hauts de France en 2018 corrobore cette hypothèse et l’analyse approfondie d’une plateforme de vente en ligne, qui propose des services logistiques aux producteurs adhérents, montre que l’inclusion des TIC dans les OLT des CCAP relève d’un processus de changement incrémental continu.

International audience; Si l’impact des TIC a abondamment été étudié dans les techniques de production agricole, les différents types d’usages des TIC dans les Circuits Courts Alimentaires (CCAP) de Proximité restent à ce jour très peu étudié (Chiffoleau et al, 2018). Pourtant, à l’instar des chaines logistiques « longues », de nombreux espoirs sont portés sur la capacité des TIC à optimiser les organisations logistiques des CCAP souvent sous-optimales.Façonnés au regard des besoins logistiques de distribution des produits, les services de transport et de logistiques s’avèrent protéiformes. La diversité des besoins logistiques explicitée à l’aune de l’économie des conventions, et la multiplicité des formes d’OLT étudiées à l’aune de L’économie des services conduiront à poser hypothèse d’une diversité des modalités d’inclusion des TIC dans les OLT des CCAP. Une étude menée dans les Hauts de France en 2018 corrobore cette hypothèse et l’analyse approfondie d’une plateforme de vente en ligne, qui propose des services logistiques aux producteurs adhérents, montre que l’inclusion des TIC dans les OLT des CCAP relève d’un processus de changement incrémental continu.

Cities in Central and Eastern Europe are a subject of interest for researchers, as their evolution has followed particular trajectories in view of their complex history. However, often, the transformations of the cities of Central and Eastern European countries are analysed by taking into account only the political and socio-economic changes and not from the point of view of morphological and functional evolution. Thus, this thesis proposes a quantitative approach in what concerns the analysis of both the morphological changes of the cities of Central and Eastern Europe before and after the collapse of communism as well as the functional changes of the post-socialist period, both doubled by an exploratory analysis of spatial and socio-economic capacity of resilience of cities in the short and long term. Therefore, this thesis aims to add the spatial dimension to the socio-economic and political analysis of the post-socialist city of Central and Eastern Europe, by questioning the similarities and dissimilarities that characterize them. Our results show a rather heterogeneous territory of Central and Eastern Europe, with West-East fractures at the regional level, as well as at the national level. The city of Central and Eastern Europe is outlined as an urban model that seeks to reconcile the legacy of the past, including the socialist legacy, with the new demands of the market economy, which spatially translates into the emergence of a similar city, but in the same time different from that of Western Europe, which he seeks to match, fact that proves its complex context of evolution., Les villes d’Europe centrale et orientale suscitent l’intérêt des chercheurs, car leur évolution a suivi des trajectoires particulières vu leur histoire complexe. Mais le plus souvent leurs transformations sont recensées à partir des changements politiques et socio-économiques et non pas du point de vue de l’évolution morphologique et fonctionnelle. Cette thèse propose une démarche d’analyse quantitative à la fois des changements morphologiques des villes d’Europe centrale et orientale avant et après l’effondrement de communisme, ainsi que des changements fonctionnels dans la période post-socialiste, les deux doublées par une analyse exploratoire de la capacité de résilience spatiale et socio-économique des villes à court et à long terme. Par conséquent, cette thèse vise à ajouter la dimension spatiale à l’analyse socio-économique et politique de la ville post-socialiste de l’Europe centrale et orientale, en questionnant les similarités et les dissimilarités qui les caractérisent. Nos résultats montrent un territoire d’Europe centrale et orientale assez hétérogène, avec des fractures ouest-est au niveau régional (dans l’ensemble du territoire), mais également au niveau national. La ville d’Europe centrale et orientale s’esquisse dans un modelé urbain conciliant l’héritage du passé, y compris l’héritage socialiste, avec les nouvelles demandes de l’économie de marché, ce qui se traduit spatialement par l’émergence d’une ville qui se rapproche du modèle de la ville d’Europe de l’Ouest, tout en restant différente.

International audience

International audience; The literature about post-socialist city mainly addresses the socio-economic and political dimensions of transformations after the fall of communism : decentralization, real estate privatization, motorization of households, growth of services and the end of industrial primacy, etc. (Hausserman, 1996; Kovacs, 1999; Tsenkova and Buckleyand, 2001). It very seldom makes urban morphology and functionality the main entry. Nevertheless, it often claims that urban sprawl has been a new common trend in this region of Europe. This research aims to identify the land-use patterns that characterize urban peripheries in Central and Eastern Europe, after the fall of the communism. It wishes to check if there is a common regional pattern of urban morphology, of land use, or if there are national or regional particularities, defined and influenced by the smoothness of the transition from an urban central planning to a capitalist one. Is it true that suburbanization is the main trend of urban transformation, and if yes, what is its rhythm? Based on the review of the literature, as well as on a GIS approach, the study analyses the peripheries of 132 cities in order to outline their morphological and functional profiles, derived with the aid of indicators like the location quotient, which allows the quantification the spatial concentration for different land-use types. An emphasis is put on Polish and Romanian cities, which are compared with a general model of evolution of the periphery of Central and Eastern European cities. Therefore, are, indeed, the peripheries of the central and eastern European city a ground of chaotic urban development?

International audience

International audience

International audience; L'Union européenne n'a pas de compétences spécifiques directes sur les politiques urbaines nationales. Pourtant, depuis les années 1980, dans le contexte de l'aggravation des conséquences des crises pétrolières, les Etats membres ont commencé les discussions sur une politique communautaire de la ville. Les premiers programmes, URBAN I et II, démarrés en 1994, ont ciblé les quartiers défavorisés et ont été suivis par les programmes URBACT I, II et III, inities en 2002, ciblant la cristallisation d'un cadre général pour une politique européenne de la ville. En 2016, le Conseil informel des Ministres des Etats membres chargés des questions urbaines a fait un pas important dans cette direction, adoptant le « Pacte d’Amsterdam », qui définit les principes et le cadre de mise en œuvre d'un Agenda urbain pour l'espace communautaire. Connecté à la stratégie Europe 2020, l'Agenda vise à unifier les perspectives politiques sur les villes européennes.En utilisant la base de données GMES Urban Atlas (2006 et 2012) et une méthodologie d'inspiration quantitative, notre communication met en place une analyse morphologique de trois grandes villes roumaines dans le but de saisir si les évolutions sont congruentes ou pas aux lignes de force de la politique urbaine naissante de l'Union européenne.

International audience; The necessity to adapt to new consumption patterns, particularly the need for space and comfort of the population in the last two centuries triggered the phenomenon of urban sprawl which represents one of the main challenges in what concerns the management of the urban development. Defined as “the spreading of urban developments (as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near city” (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary), one could note the problems that could rise an intensive phenomenon of urban sprawl: the artificialization of semi-natural areas, green and other open spaces, the loss of biodiversity, increased environmental problems etc. Therefore, it comes as no surprise the intense concern of the European Union to promote a sustainable urban development, that would decrease the chances of an uncontrolled urban expansion. The compact urban form is the one that is promoted as being a sustainable one, thus reducing the negative impact on the surrounding environment of an urban area. However, for Romania a country which faced a lot of changes during the last two decades, restraining the urban sprawl is a challenge that needs yet to be achieved. Confronted with a speed-up artificialization due to the transition to a liberal regime, that translated into an increased demand of land from the private market actors, as well as the population, the Romanian cities expanded quasi-incontrollable during the last twenty years. Nevertheless, the adhesion to the European Union in 2007 should have bound the country to restrain the phenomenon of urban sprawl in order to respect the demands of the European Commission in what concerns the sustainable urban development. Therefore, the main research questions of this paper can be summarized as it follows: What impact (if any) had the accession of Romania to the European Union in what concerns the spatial urban development of the main big cities ? It is possible to observe a (re)densification of the urban core, or on the contrary the extension of the urban tissue is still uncontrolled? In order to answer these questions, the GMES Urban Atlas databases (2006 and 2012 versions) were used in order to derive the spatial patterns of land artificialization, as well as the changes in the general urban form in the interest of observing the trend of urban spatial development for the period 2006-2012. The methodology is mainly a quantitative one, thus a geo-spatial analysis that implies the use of GIS software in order to derive morpho-metric indicators that allow us to observe the morphological specificities of the Romanian urban areas before (the year 2006) and after the adhesion to the European Union (the year 2012). The period of study was restrained to 2006-2012, due to the availability of data (GMES Urban Atlas). Hence, the results of our analysis show that Romania still faces difficulties in what concerns the control of the phenomenon of the urban sprawl due to an increased demand of land from market actors and population, but also, because of an inconsistent legislative fundament. The cities analyzed showed a trend of expansion in what concerns their urban form (compactness Index), as well as a tendency of artificialization of green and open spaces, despite a population that increased very slowly.

International audience; Dans l’analyse des territoires, la diversité des situations locales impose un développement incessant de méthodologies censées les mieux encadrer, diagnostiquer, expliquer et visant même à prédire leurs évolutions par l’intermédiaire de modèles généralisant toujours plus puissants. Ces efforts se concentrent ouvent sur la beauté ou sur la complexité de l’outil méthodologique, au risque de faire passer en second plan l’objet de la recherche. C’est une des conséquences extrêmes de la démarche hypothético-déductive et de la hyperspécialisation des chercheurs. Dans le concert des efforts de description des réalités territoriales de ce laboratoire grandeur-nature qu’est le monde ayant quitté le communisme, notre communication se propose de revaloriser les vertus de l’analyse inductive, partant des cas d’évolution individuelle des entités spatiales/territoriales afin de déceler d’éventuels comportements collectifs, décrivant des classe d’évolution commune, en fonction de différentes échelles fonctionnelles des territoires. L’observation des trajectoires individuelles, depuis 1990, des unités NUTS 3 du territoire roumain permet d’avancer l’idée que l’étude de leurs comportements individuels face aux aléas conjoncturels majeurs (comme par exemple la récente crise économique) peut offrir des informations quant à leur degré d’intégration dans des dynamiques plus larges et par là, à leur degré de participation aux efforts de convergence promus par la politique régionale européenne. Nos études empiriques tendent à suggérer que la similitude des trajectoires cache souvent une grande diversité de situations individuelles, diversité qui retrouve un certain niveau de similarité et d’organisation à des échelles spatiales et fonctionnelles différentes. Par exemple, les courbes de l’évolution du PIB départemental de la capitale nationale et d’une ville régionale située dans une région très pauvre peuvent présenter une allure identique, voire la même pente, tout comme les courbes d’un département fonctionnellement isolé et d’un département fortement intégré dans les réseaux de la mondialisation/européanisation. Il est évident que les réalités cachées derrière ces évolutions statistiquement identiques ou équivalentes sont très différentes. L’analyse et la classification des structures territoriales différentes qui engendrent les mêmes trajectoires est donc au centre de cette communication, qui cible la recherche des invariants (ou des „inertiaux”) spatiaux susceptibles d’esquisser des échelles spatio-fonctionnelles des territoires d’action et/ou des territoires d’intervention. Partant des cas roumain et polonais, notre recherche essaye une généralisation de la méthode à l’échelle des pays de l’Europe Centre-orientale, membres de l’Union Européenne.

International audience; The sustainable development is an important issue for our society. Thus, urban green spaces are a key element in order to assure a sustainable urban development. Although, most often they are associated as having only an aesthetic function, the urban green spaces perform important socioeconomic and environmental functions. Therefore, ensuring the existence of a great number of green spaces within an urban area is one of the objectives of the new European policies for urban planning, taking into account the sustainable urban development trend promoted by the new European strategies and also the fact that in the last decade we have been confronted to an intensive land artificialization due to the extensive phenomenon of urban sprawl. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of green urban spaces in the Central and Eastern European post-socialist countries, members of the European Union, as well as the population accessibility to the green urban spaces. The main question of the study is how the EU urban planning policies has influenced the countries from the Central and Eastern Europe in maintaining and developing the urban green spaces. Do they assure an equitable accessibility to the urban green spaces for all the population in their fastest developing cities of their countries – the capitals? Or are there spatial disparities in what concerns their location patterns? Using a quantitative methodology, doubled by the use of GIS tools and statistics, this research aims to question the eventual typologies regarding the spatial distribution of green spaces as well as their quantitative aspects (their number, the area etc.).

International audience; The urban sprawl has an important impact on the socioeconomic evolution of a city as well as on its environment. A defining characteristic of the western European capitalist city, the urban sprawl was not often observed in the urban areas of the Eastern Europe. However, it has become more and more relevant after the 90s because the transition to the post-socialist era determined an increasing development of the suburban areas of the cities from the ex-communist bloc. This paper studies the case of the post-socialist Romania, focusing on a couple of major cities, trying to underline the different types of urban sprawl that flourished after the fall of the communism, under inconsistent and ambiguous laws. The analysis will be a chronological one starting with the year 1990 and finishing with the year 2015. The period of time is restricted to the availability of the database that will be used, respectively, CORINE LAND COVER. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of the urban sprawl in the post-socialist Romanian cities, as well as to test methodologies and also the viability of the CORINE LAND COVER database for this type of analysis.

International audience; La dépression de Hangu (315 km2 , y compris l’aire montagneuse adjacente) est une micro-région géographique distincte au sein de la vallée de Bistrița dans les Carpates Orientales roumaines, disposant de remarquables ressources spécifiques et une économie montagneuse complexe. Dans le passé, l’élevage pastoral, la culture des plantes, l’exploitation du bois et le flottage avaient permis la constitution d’une société solide, ouverte vers l’espace extracarpatique ou vers les dépressions intra-carpatiques, dont l’accès facile soutenait le transit commercial. Le but de cette étude est de déchiffrer les mutations des communautés locales pendant les deux derniers siècles par l’analyse de la dynamique du paysage et de la dynamique socio-économique. L’objectif clé est d’explorer les mécanismes d’adaptation qui ont assuré la survie de ces communautés en dépit des profondes transformations subies pendant la période totalitaire, irrémédiables en leur substance, tout comme l’esquisse des perspectives dans le contexte du développement durable.

International audience

International audience; The fall of the communist regime in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe triggered changes in what concerns the urban development. The phenomenon of urban sprawl became a particularity for the post-socialist cities, which abandoned the vertical spatial expansion (a specificity of the socialist urban planning) in favor of the horizontal one. However, from the point of view of the sustainable development, the urban sprawl represents a negative externality of the urban growth. Therefore, in an international context where the sustainable urban development is promoted, how compact or dispersed are the post-socialist cities? Do they show a tendency to restrain the urban sprawl or do they extend almost uncontrollably? This paper aims to identify the dynamics of the post-socialist urban form with the aid of GIS and a quantitative methodology. Taking into account statistical data as well as spatial data for the studied cities, we aim to observe if it is possible to identify a tendency of controlling the phenomenon of urban sprawl and therefore an interest to promote sustainable urban development policies in what concerns the spatial extension in the post socialist cities.

International audience; After the fall of Communism in 1989-1991, the cities from the Central and Eastern Europe have recorded important changes in what concern their land-use patterns due to the transition from an urban central planning to a capitalist one, as they are searching for a model of economic and urban sprawl, post-socialist city, Central and Eastern Europe, GIS social development. The most important particularity of the urban evolution of these cities is defiantly the transition from a compact city to a more diffuse urban form. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the spatial pattern of the urban sprawl that took place in the main urban areas of the former socialist countries from Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on finding the land-use types that suffered the biggest degree of conversion to an impermeable urban fabric. The paper tries also to identify a pattern concerning the spatial extent and types of the urban sprawl. In what concerns the methodology used in order to investigate the urban sprawl in the Central and Eastern Europe, a mix of techniques from GIS, as well as statistics was used. The analysis has been carried out for the period between 1990-2012 using the CORINE Land Cover database.The main results show the fact that the major land-use changes that took place in the urban areas of post-socialist Romania is the intensive land - artificialization to the detriment of green urban areas as well as semi-naturals peripheral area, in order to make space for the new tertiary activities, as well as new residential zones. Similar patterns of urban sprawl are observed in the urban areas that have the same functional particularities, as they were submitted to almost the same problems concerning the transition.

International audience; The urban morphology represents the study of the city, namely its built environment. Consequently, this paper investigates the urban form and its characteristics in two countries which have been under different political and socio- economical regime after the Second World War (WWII), therefore being submitted to different urban planning policies. Nowadays, there is an important debate about the particularities of the urban form in the countries which have been under the influence of the former USSR before 1990 and have after that undergone a transition to the market economy. It is possible to observe major distinctive features between the urban form of the Romanian cities and the French ones? Therefore, can we speak of a post-socialist city in Romania which is different from the capitalist city in France? What role plays the European identity in the urban planning of both countries? Are the remade cities similar to those in the Western Europe, namely the capitalist world? What role plays the socialist legacy in the urban planning of the post-socialist city? (see large industrial plants, collective housing lots etc.) These are the questions this paper address in order to identify the outlines of the urban form of the post-socialist Romanian city, as well as its similarities and dissimilarities to the capitalist city. The database used for this analysis is GMES Urban Atlas, which is an urban atlas developed by EEA which provides comparable land use and land cover data for the European Large Urban Zones with more than 100.000 inhabitants as defined by the Urban Audit. Hence, GIS and statistical analyses are mobilized in order to derive the particularities of the urban areas of Iasi from Romania and Lyon from France, seeking to identify what makes the post-socialist city unique with regard to the capitalist one. The main results show the fact that adopting a policy of « shock therapy », the urban areas from Romania tried to copy the western model of the capitalist city, but without a solid legislative and financial back-up and being also confronted to the socialist heritage, it resulted into a hybrid urban development.

International audience; A peri-urban area is an ever-changing zone of both interaction and transition due to its localization adjacent to the edges of the city where many complex socio-economic processes take place. Therefore, its capacity of resilience is mainly influenced by its dependency to the adjacent urban area. This paper aims to identify the capacity for a resilient development of the western peri-urban area of Iasi, focusing on the three principal components of the resilience: robustness, redundancy and resourcefulness (flexibility). Can Valea Lupului be regarded as a complex adaptive system or it is just an agglutination of the urban area of Iasi? It is possible to identify a rural-urban continuum, or the peri-urban landscape is divided by socio-economic dysfunctionalities and spatial discontinuities? Engaging statistical data, as well as spatial data, which are analyzed with the aid of GIS and geo-statistical methods, this paper’s overall purpose is to assess the resilient development of the western peri-urban area of Iasi – Valea Lupului, by analyzing its degree of autonomy from the point of view of socio-economic functionality and spatial availabilities, as its dependency to Iasi plays a key role in its capacity of resilience.

National audience

National audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; According to the “Europe 2020” Strategy, at least 5% of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) resources allocated to each member state are to be invested in actions that will set the course for a sustainable urban development. The green urban spaces are without doubt, a key element that assures the sustainability of an urban area, as it represents the reminiscences of nature in an artificialized area. Therefore, preserving the green urban spaces (parks, public gardens etc.), as well as creating space for new ones, if possible, should be one of the main aims of the urban development strategies and policies in the context of the sustainable urban trend promoted by the European Union. Hence, this paper address the problem of an uneven and uncontrolled urban development in what concerns the green areas in the Romanian cities in the post-socialist era. Naturally, the main objectives of this research question the problem of green urban spaces in terms of potential accessibility, spatial distribution patterns and quantitative aspects. The methodology used for analyzing the GMES Urban Atlas 2012 database involved a complex of methods derived from statistics and GIS. The results state the necessity of a coherent development policy in what concerns the green urban spaces in the post-socialist Romanian cities, as there are major differences regarding their availability to the population.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; Hannah Arendt dans son analyse de la vita activa nous permet de comprendre que l'entrée dans la modernité correspond à une déliaison des deux vies active et contemplative. Sans avoir plus besoin de contempler ce qui est hors d'elle, la pensée puiserait dans sa propre activité de quoi assurer son progrès. Un léger contrepoint critique pratiqué à partir de sa distinction entre travail, oeuvre et action nous permet, en passant au ton supérieur, de retrouver l'articulation naturelle, héritée d'Aristote, entre les trois principales activités humaines : faire, agir et contempler. Moyennant une critique de la lecture datée de Marx proposée par Arendt, nous y gagnons une réhabilitation du travail humain comme activité créatrice et fabricatrice. Quant à l'action, pas plus que la parole elle ne saurait constituer une activité immanente : qui parle pour parler ? Qui agit pour agir ? Il en découle une place rendue à la contemplation, seule activité voulue pour elle-même et une réhabilitation de l'éthique : action toujours finalisée avant même qu'elle ne s'engage, par l'autre homme, déjà constitué comme fin en soi.

Learning a new language means making use, more or less consciously, of the sphere ofproximity between the target linguistic system and the other languages. This proximitystimulates some transfers between the linguistic systems, thus acquiring either a positive or anegative value within interlanguage. This one is considered the third language system developedby the learner, being different from the source language and the target language. We focus onthese transfers and on their influence over interlanguage, in the case of the Romanian learnersstudying French as a foreign language, but also Italian and Spanish.The data analysis enables us, on the one hand, to give an account of the connectionexisting between the conformity to the norm and the complexity of interlanguage and, on theother hand, to ascertain the role of both positive and negative linguistic transfers against thesetwo dimensions of interlanguage (the complexity and the conformity); Apprendre une nouvelle langue signifie exploiter, plus ou moins consciemment,l’espace de la proximité du système linguistique cible avec d’autres langues. Cette proximité encourage les transferts entre les systèmes linguistiques, qui acquièrent une valeur positive ou négative à l’intérieur de l’interlangue vue comme le troisième système linguistique développé par l’apprenant, différent de la langue source et de la langue cible. Nous nous intéressons à ces transferts et à l’influence que ceux-ci exercent sur l’interlangue, dans le cas des apprenants roumains de FLE, étudiant aussi l’italien et l’espagnol. L’analyse des données nous permet de rendre compte du rapport qui s’établit entre la conformité avec la norme et la complexité de l’interlangue et aussi de déterminer le rôle des transferts linguistiques positifs et négatifs par rapport à ces deux dimensions de l’interlangue (la complexité et la conformité); A învăţa o nouă limbă înseamnă a exploata, în mod mai mult sau mai puţin conştient,spaţiul proximităţii sistemului lingvistic ţintă cu alte limbi. Această proximitate încurajeazătransferurile între sistemele lingvistice, care capătă o valoare pozitivă sau negativă în interiorulunei interlangue vazută ca fiind al treilea sistem lingvistic dezvoltat de un elev, diferit de limbasursă şi de limba ţintă. Suntem interesaţi de analiza acestor transferuri şi de influenţa pe careacestea o exercită asupra acestei interlangue, în cazul elevilor români care studiază FLE şiitaliana sau spanilola.Analiza datelor ne permite să explicăm raportul care se stabileşte între conformitatea cunorma şi complexitatea limbii elevului şi să determinăm rolul transferurilor lingvistice pozitive şinegative în raport cu aceste două dimensiuni ale unei interlangue (complexitatea şiconformitatea)

Learning a new language means making use, more or less consciously, of the sphere ofproximity between the target linguistic system and the other languages. This proximitystimulates some transfers between the linguistic systems, thus acquiring either a positive or anegative value within interlanguage. This one is considered the third language system developedby the learner, being different from the source language and the target language. We focus onthese transfers and on their influence over interlanguage, in the case of the Romanian learnersstudying French as a foreign language, but also Italian and Spanish.The data analysis enables us, on the one hand, to give an account of the connectionexisting between the conformity to the norm and the complexity of interlanguage and, on theother hand, to ascertain the role of both positive and negative linguistic transfers against thesetwo dimensions of interlanguage (the complexity and the conformity), Apprendre une nouvelle langue signifie exploiter, plus ou moins consciemment,l’espace de la proximité du système linguistique cible avec d’autres langues. Cette proximité encourage les transferts entre les systèmes linguistiques, qui acquièrent une valeur positive ou négative à l’intérieur de l’interlangue vue comme le troisième système linguistique développé par l’apprenant, différent de la langue source et de la langue cible. Nous nous intéressons à ces transferts et à l’influence que ceux-ci exercent sur l’interlangue, dans le cas des apprenants roumains de FLE, étudiant aussi l’italien et l’espagnol. L’analyse des données nous permet de rendre compte du rapport qui s’établit entre la conformité avec la norme et la complexité de l’interlangue et aussi de déterminer le rôle des transferts linguistiques positifs et négatifs par rapport à ces deux dimensions de l’interlangue (la complexité et la conformité), A învăţa o nouă limbă înseamnă a exploata, în mod mai mult sau mai puţin conştient,spaţiul proximităţii sistemului lingvistic ţintă cu alte limbi. Această proximitate încurajeazătransferurile între sistemele lingvistice, care capătă o valoare pozitivă sau negativă în interiorulunei interlangue vazută ca fiind al treilea sistem lingvistic dezvoltat de un elev, diferit de limbasursă şi de limba ţintă. Suntem interesaţi de analiza acestor transferuri şi de influenţa pe careacestea o exercită asupra acestei interlangue, în cazul elevilor români care studiază FLE şiitaliana sau spanilola.Analiza datelor ne permite să explicăm raportul care se stabileşte între conformitatea cunorma şi complexitatea limbii elevului şi să determinăm rolul transferurilor lingvistice pozitive şinegative în raport cu aceste două dimensiuni ale unei interlangue (complexitatea şiconformitatea)

The aim of our research was to discover the position of Moldavia region on the internal and international tourism market and how his peripheral feature acts on its tourism development.We observed that research area is confronted with a three times peripheral feature, each one acting on a different spatial level: spatial periphery of European Union, economical and decision-making periphery of Romania, and finally, a frozen periphery which acts inside the region itself between the urban centers and the rural zones.We observed also that the region shows a bigger density of potential tourism resources in its western, mountainous part. The counties of Suceava, Neamț, Bacău and Vrancea take fully advantage of their position in a more attractive environment, the mountainous tourism being very popular and appreciate in Romania.In our days, Moldavia has a tourism delay compared with the national mean, delay translated in accommodation places, occupation rate, tourist arrivals or overnight stays. Nevertheless, the region knew an astonishing evolution of accommodation units in the last two decades. The rural boarding house become more and more visible, its development being based on the rural tourism’s popularization and its uncountable forms, The dynamic of tourism arrivals and overnight stays draws several distinct tourism zones in Moldavia. Suceava County is by far the most dynamic, its growth being based on some regional centers and mono-destination villages. Neamț County recorded a positive dynamic based on few local centers, each one with a different uniqueness, fact that put this county on the second step as tourism importance in Moldavia. Bacău County is noticed by its tourism fall, especially in the ancient resorts from communist era, Slănic Moldova and Târgu Ocna. After 1990 this destinations knew a decrease of their tourism weight because of the bad management.The investigation made among the visitors of the Moldavian rural area showed a changing profile for the usual Moldavian tourist, marked by several contrasts. These contrasts are a consequence of the communist era and the lack of implication (organizational, decision-making) from the tourist in its own trip planning.; Dans notre recherche on a essayé de découvrir quelle est la position de la Moldavie, sur le marché touristique interne et externe et dans quelle mesure sa périphéricité joue un rôle positif dans le développement touristique.On a vu que l’espace de la recherche se confronte avec une triple périphéricité, qui agit à tous les niveaux : périphérie spatiale de l’Union Européenne, périphérie économique et décisionnelle de la Roumanie, et dernièrement une périphérie figée qui agit dans l’intérieur de la région entre les centres urbains et les zones rurales. On a observé que la région présente une concentration plus dense de ressources potentielles touristiques dans sa partie occidentale, montagneuse. Les départements de Suceava, Neamţ, Bacău et Vrancea bénéficient pleinement de leur disposition dans un cadre plus attractif, le tourisme de montagne ayant un grand succès en Roumanie. De nos jours, la Moldavie présente un retard du point de vue touristique par rapport à la moyenne nationale, retard qui se traduit par le nombre de places de logements, l’indice d’occupation, les arrivées ou les nuitées. Malgré tout ça, la région a connu une évolution foudroyante des unités de logement dans les dernières décennies. Sur le fond de la popularisation du tourisme rural et de ses différentes formes, la pension rurale devient de plus en plus perceptible. La dynamique des arrivées et des nuitées touristiques de l’espace rural moldave dessine plusieurs zones distinctes en Moldavie. Le département de Suceava est le plus dynamique, sa croissance se basant sur quelques centres régionaux auxquels l'on ajoute des communes mono-destination. Le département de Neamţ enregistre une dynamique positive basée sur quelques centres locaux à spécifique diffèrent, ce qui la positionne en deuxième position comme importance touristique en Moldavie. Le département de Bacău se remarque par la chute des activités touristiques de Slănic Moldova et Târgu-Ocna, anciens centres touristiques pendant la période communiste, mais descendus de nos jours à cause de la mauvaise gestion après 1990. L’enquête appliquée auprès des touristes a identifié un profil contrastant du visiteur de la zone rurale moldave. Ces contrastes sont une conséquence de la période communiste et du manque d’implication (organisationnelle, affective, décisionnelle) du touriste dans l’organisation des voyages.

International audience; Le site de Taraschina se trouve entre Ceatalul Chilia à l'Ouest, la Mer Noire à l'Est, la branche du Danube de Chilia au Nord, les collines de Tulcea et le complexe lacustre Razim-Sinoe au Sud. Le caractère exceptionnel et unique du site de Taraschina tient avant tout à sa position très avancée dans l'actuel delta du Danube. Jusqu'alors, les témoignages les plus anciens découverts en contexte alluvial dans le delta étaient attribués à l'âge du Bronze. La mise en évidence, sur le site de Taraschina, de vestiges chalcolithiques sur une superficie d'environ 1 ha (fig. 2), témoigne de l'ampleur de l'établissement. La densité du mobilier céramique, ainsi que la présence d'industrie lithique, osseuse et de pièces de broyage, accentuent le caractère pérenne de l'établissement.

International audience; Landslide susceptibility constitutes an important component within the landslide risk equation and therefore, itsassessment is very useful for improving the prognosis of such phenomena. The present research aims to assess landslide susceptibilityfor two low hills regions from Romania, situated in different geographical conditions. The application of the logisticregression method aimed to reveal the relations among the factors controlling the landslides’ manifestation and their spatialdistribution. The computer aided data processing in GIS environment points out the slope and land use as the most importantcausal factors for landsliding, followed by terrain aspect, distance from drainage network and precipitations. Landslide susceptibilitymaps were achieved for both study regions. The validity of the prediction model was checked using the ROC curve(Receiver Operating Characteristic) and the AUC (Area Under the Curve) respectively, which reveal a high accuracy degree.; Cet article propose l’évaluation de la susceptibilité aux glissements de terrain dans deux secteurs de collinesbasses de Roumanie. Par l’application de la méthode de régression logistique, on se propose de saisir les relations entreles facteurs responsables de l’occurence des glissements de terrain et leur distribution spatiale. Le traitement automatiquedes données par SIG prend en compte la pente, la nature géologique du terrain, l’exposition des versants, ladistance par rapport au réseau de drainage et les précipitations annuelles. On obtient ainsi deux cartes de susceptibilitéaux glissements. La validité du modèle de prédiction a été vérifié à l’aide de la courbe ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic),respectivement pour l’aire AUC située sous la courbe (Area Under the Curve), en mettant en évidence un degréélevé de prédiction.Cet article propose l’évaluation de la susceptibilité aux glissements de terrain dans deux secteurs de collinesbasses de Roumanie. Par l’application de la méthode de régression logistique, on se propose de saisir les relations entreles facteurs responsables de l’occurence des glissements de terrain et leur distribution spatiale. Le traitement automatiquedes données par SIG prend en compte la pente, la nature géologique du terrain, l’exposition des versants, ladistance par rapport au réseau de drainage et les précipitations annuelles. On obtient ainsi deux cartes de susceptibilitéaux glissements. La validité du modèle de prédiction a été vérifié à l’aide de la courbe ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic),respectivement pour l’aire AUC située sous la courbe (Area Under the Curve), en mettant en évidence un degréélevé de prédiction.

International audience; The aim of this article is to present an international research on the social representation of the economic crisis. Given the complexity and the recency of this object, we chose a multimethodological approach. The data analysis was conducted in three successive stages: descriptive, interpretative, and comparative. In each country, the sample was made of participants from three different socio- economic categories: bankers, small merchants, economy students. This choice of categories allowed us to empirically test the concept of “distance to the object”. Strategies and techniques of data collection and processing are complex and quite innovative. In this article, we’ll present only results related to the first phase of the whole research.; L’article présente une recherche internationale sur la représentation sociale de la crise économique. Etant donné la complexité et l’extrême actualité de l’objet, on a choisi une approche "multi-méthode". L’analyse des résultats s’est faite en trois étapes. la première descriptive ; la seconde interprétative; la troisième comparative. Dans chaque pays, l’échantillon a été constitué par des sujets appartenant à trois catégories socio-économiques différentes: employés de banque, petits commerçants, étudiants en économie. Le choix de l’échantillon nous permet de tester empiriquement la notion de «distance à l’objet». Les stratégies et les techniques de relevé et d’analyse des données sont complexes et sous certains aspects absolument novatrices. Dans cet article, on présentera seulement les données relatives à la première étape de la recherche.

International audience

International audience

International audience; Dans les années 1990 et surtout 2000, la littérature consacrée aux transformations des villes post-socialistes ou post-communistes s’est distinguée par un usage de plus en plus fréquent de la métaphore ou de la figure du chaos (Cieśla 2000 ; Tsenkova Sasha 2006; Stalinov 2007; Kazimierowska 2009; Vais,2009;Ianos et al.,2012; Dumitrache et al., 2016 ;). Son usage est d’autant plus visible que le mot chaos, issu de l’étymologie grecque khaos est présent sous cette forme identique dans beaucoup de langues européennes. À quelles réalités renvoie la figure du chaos : ne s’agit-il que d’un désordre morphologique ou bien désigne-t-elle certains processus socio-économiques ou politiques ? Pourquoi s’est-elle ainsi diffusée : est-ce une des multiples figures rhétoriques de la post-modernité ? Qu’a-t-elle avoir avec la théorie du déconstructivisme ou de la fragmentation urbaine ? Quelles sont la portée et les limites de cette terminologie ? Dans quels autres contextes a-t-elle été utilisée et qu’est-ce que cela montre de l’épistémologie du savoir sur les pays dits « en transition » ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, la communication s’appuie sur une revue de la littérature en français, en anglais, en roumain, en polonais sur les transformations post-socialistes.