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Within the wider literary production of Philippe Jaccottet, generally composed in prose or long verses, Airs’unique stylistic brevity brings us to evaluate how his readings and his literary translations have influenced the poet’s own verses. During the composition of Airs, the Franco-Swiss poet shows interest in modesty and lightness of the haiku model and he reflects, at the same time, on conciseness and condensation of Ungaretti’s first work, L’Allegria. If compared with the ancient form of Japanese poetry and with the deconstruction of canonical rhythm achieved by Ungaretti, the suggestion of the two literary lessons is recognizable in a metric analysis of Airs’ poems. A focus on subject posture in poetic discourse, as well as a thematic analysis of the three different poetics, reveals similar imagery and ethical position: inclined to the progressive absence of subjectivity in haiku and Jaccottet’s poems, tending to a collective voice in Ungaretti’s intention. While the influence of haiku on Airs is already established from critical studies on the author, the specific weight of Ungaretti’s Allegria on Jaccottet’s verses still seems unexplored. Considering the influence of haiku, of which L’Allegria is also permeated, our study shall aim at verifying how the early production of Ungaretti affects Jaccottet’s stylistic choices, thematic imagery, and ethical purpose.

Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): VISUAL AMERICA. Political uses of images in Latin America (19th-21st centuries)

The burial sites are destined to promote and protect the feelings of grief related to loss, indicating by means of a symbolic representation, a possible way of consolation, hope, reassurance and a serene feeling of remembrance: memory preserves and reassures; cemeteries are therefore witnesses of different cultural and religious identities. The images of cities keep on showing places intended and designed for memory; these places show us the inability of our culture to re-compose an aware dialogue with death and to recognize it as an essential part of existence. The social transformations call us to reflect on burial places: there is a urgent need for new feelings, and for new spaces designed to become places of understanding and interfaith dialogue between religious and civil different forms of spirituality., I luoghi di sepoltura sono destinati a diffondere e proteggere il sentimento di lutto legato alla perdita e ad indicarne, attraverso una rappresentazione simbolica, una via possibile di consolazione e di un sereno ricordo, essi sono testimoni delle diverse identità culturali e religiose: la memoria custodisce e rassicura.Il tema continua a segnare la nostra esistenza: le immagini delle città ci raccontano ancora di luoghi destinati al ricordo; essi testimoniano anche l’incapacità della nostra cultura di ri-comporre un dialogo consapevole con la morte.Le trasformazioni sociali in atto ci impongono una riflessione sui luoghi di sepoltura: c'è urgenza di nuove spazialità destinate a rappresentare il luogo della comprensione e del dialogo religioso e civile tra le diverse forme di spiritualità., IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura; Vol. 3, n. 4 (2012) - EVOLUZIONI CONTEMPORANEE NELL'ARCHITETTURA CIMITERIALE, a cura di L. Bartolomei e G. Praderio; 129 - 150

International audience; Several crustal and lithospheric mechanisms lead to deformation and vertical motion of the upper plate during subduction, but their relative contribution is often enigmatic. Multiple areas of the Hellenic Forearc have been uplifting since Plio-Quaternary times, yet spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of this uplift are poorly resolved. The remarkable geology and geomorphology of Kythira Island, in the southwestern Hellenic forearc, allow for a detailed tectonic reconstruction since the Late Miocene. We present a morphotectonic map of the island, together with new biostratigraphic dating and detailed analyses of active fault strikes and marine terraces. We find that the Tortonian-Pliocene stratigraphy in Kythira records ∼100 m of subsidence, and a wide coastal rasa marks the ∼2.8–2.4 Ma maximum transgression. Subsequent marine regression of ∼300–400 m and minor E-W tilt are recorded in ∼12 marine terrace levels for which we estimate uplift rates of ∼0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Guided by simple landscape evolution models, we interpret the coastal morphology as the result of initial stability or of slow, gradual sea-level drop since ∼2.8–2.4 Ma, followed by faster uplift since ∼1.5–0.7 Ma. Our findings on- and offshore suggest that E-W extension is the dominant mode of regional active upper crustal deformation, and N-S normal faults accommodate most, if not all of the uplift on Kythira. We interpret the initiation of E-W extension as the result of a change in plate boundary conditions, in response to either propagation of the North Anatolian Fault, incipient collision with the African plate, mantle dynamics or a combination thereof.

The interplay between uplift, which is mostly controlled by tectonics or deep-seated mechanisms and the efficiency of surface processes, which is primarly set by climate, modulates the growth and the decay of topography across diverse temporal and spatial scales. In active orogens, tectonic and climatic forcings are the dominant processes in controlling the landscape evolution and the creation of topographic relief, as largely demonstrated by numerical and quantitative investigations. Conversely, in tectonically quiescent settings, a few field-based studies have documented that the main control on topography is exerted by bedrock erodibility and to a minor extent by climate. Regions that experienced an increase in uplift rates (i.e., topographic rejuvenation) are in disequilibrium and are characterized by the coexistence of a transient landscape that is still recording the previous boundary conditions and a steep topography that has already adjusted to the new uplift rates. Consequently, the landscape of the renjuvineted regions contains at the same time information on present and past uplift (and erosion) conditions and hence represents a first-order geomorphological archive. To explore the landscape dynamics of a rejuvenated topography, we investigated the Atlas-Meseta system of Morocco, which represents a large-scale orographic system characterized by active orogens and quiescent domains. Particularly, it includes the High and the Middle Atlas, which represent active orogens, and the Anti-Atlas and the Western and Estern Meseta, which are tectonically incactive domains. The entire Atlas system has undergone a Cenozoic phase of topographic resurgence as testified by geological, geomorphological and volcanological contraints. However, the low amount of crustal shortening and the presence of an anomalous thinning of the lithosphere beneath suggest an important contribution of deep-seated processes in generating and supporting the topography of this orographic system.Here I combine a quantitative analysis of regional and basin-scale topography, stream profiles analysis (knickpoints characterization, longitudinal profiles and -plot) and landscape modelling, with denudation rates inferred from 10Be concentrations from bedrocks and watersheds in the quiescent Anti-Atlas and Western Meseta. The results of this study allow deciphering and quantifing the erosional dynamics that control the topographic relief production and the landscape uplift history for shorter and longer time scales. This approach further provides the possibility to dechiper, quantify, and differentiate the deep-seated, large wavelength signal, from the shallower contributions (i.e., tectonics and possibly magma injection) in the Atlas-Meseta system., L'interaction entre le soulèvement, principalement contrôlé par la tectonique ou les mécanismes profonds liés à la dynamique du manteau, et l'efficacité des processus de surface, principalement déterminée par le climat, module la croissance et la décroissance de la topographie à diverses échelles temporelles et spatiales. Dans les orogènes actifs, les forçages tectoniques et climatiques sont les processus dominants dans le contrôle de l'évolution du paysage et de la création du relief topographique, comme le démontrent largement les études numériques et quantitatives. A l'inverse, dans les contextes tectoniquement calmes, quelques études de terrain ont montré que le contrôle principal de la topographie est exercé par l'érodabilité du substratum rocheux et, dans une moindre mesure, par le climat. Les régions qui ont connu une augmentation des taux de soulèvement (c'est-à-dire un rajeunissement topographique) sont en déséquilibre et sont caractérisées par la coexistence d'un paysage transitoire qui conserve encore les conditions aux limites précédentes et d'une topographie abrupte qui s'est déjà adaptée aux nouveaux taux de soulèvement. Par conséquent, le paysage des régions rajeunies contient en même temps des informations sur les conditions de soulèvement (et d'érosion) présentes et passées et représente donc une archive géomorphologique de premier ordre. Pour explorer la dynamique du paysage d'une topographie rajeunie, nous avons étudié le système Atlas-Meseta du Maroc, qui représente un système orographique à grande échelle caractérisé par des orogènes actifs et des domaines quiescents. En particulier, il comprend le Haut et le Moyen Atlas, qui représentent des orogènes actifs, et l'Anti-Atlas et la Meseta occidentale et orientale, qui sont des domaines tectoniquement inactifs. L'ensemble du système Atlas a subi une phase cénozoïque de résurgence topographique comme en témoignent les contraintes géologiques, géomorphologiques et volcanologiques. Cependant, la faible quantité de raccourcissement crustal et la présence d'un amincissement anormal de la lithosphère sous-jacente suggèrent une contribution importante des processus profonds dans la génération et le soutien de la topographie de ce système orographique.Ici, nous combinons une analyse quantitative de la topographie régionale et à l'échelle du bassin, une analyse des profils de rivières (caractérisation des knickpoints, profils longitudinaux et -plot) et une modélisation du paysage, avec les taux de dénudation déduits des concentrations en nucléide cosmogénique 10Be produit in situ dans les roches du substratum rocheux et les sédiments modernes transportés dans les bassins versants de l'Anti-Atlas et de la Meseta occidentale. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de déchiffrer et de quantifier la dynamique érosive qui contrôle la production du relief topographique et l'histoire du soulèvement du paysage pour des échelles de temps courtes et longues. Cette approche offre en outre la possibilité de déchiffrer, de quantifier et de différencier le signal profond de grande longueur d'onde des contributions moins profondes (c'est-à-dire la tectonique et éventuellement l'injection de magma) dans le système Atlas-Meseta.

International audience; We examine whether and to what extent political institutions explain different performances in income redistribution across countries. After reviewing the available data sources, the measures of income redistribution and the traditional demand side explanations of redistribution, we focus our analysis on supply side factors, like political and economic institutions, rent seeking processes and the resources and instruments available for redistribution. We provide robust empirical evidence on the association between these different factors and the observed degree of redistribution. Our analysis supports the view that-for a given demand of redistribution-political and economic institutions contribute to explain differences across countries in the observed degree of redistribution.

International audience; This paper empirically analyzes the evolution of the quality of the sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) from 1972 till 2016 and verifies how consideration of quality affects the conclusions of the literature about the politics of the WHL. The quality of a site is proxied by the number of criteria set by UNESCO that the site satisfies. The analysis shows that, under a fixed stock of cultural and natural capital, as a country increases the number of sites in the WHL, their marginal quality decreases, because countries propose sites of decreasing quality over time. Contrary to previous studies focusing just on the number of sites included in the list, considering quality shows that the country's lobbying power does not matter for inclusion in the WHL, while the quality of its administration does. These results are robust to tests of the stability of the UNESCO evaluation criteria over time and to changes of econometric estimators.

International audience; As part of the Variscan orogen, the Pyrenean realm has undergone several rifting episodes, starting from the Permian-Carboniferous post-orogenic collapse and culminating with mid-Cretaceous lithospheric mantle exhumation. We present the Pressure-Temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-d) evolution of the tonalite bodies (here described for the first time) intruded in the late Carboniferous high pressure (HP) granulites of the Saleix Complex, forming the inner envelope of the Lherz peridotites (Aulus Basin, Ariège, France), that is used as a proxy to reconstruct the post-Hercynian evolution of the Pyrenean continental crust. By integrating textural investigations with metamorphic thermobarometry, and zircon and titanite Usingle bondPb geochronology, we (i) constrain timing and thermo-baric conditions related to the transition from magma emplacement to solid-state syn-tectonic deformation in tonalite(s); and (ii) discuss implications on the polyphase exhumation history of the granulite host rocks. Emplacement of the Saleix tonalite(s) took place in the early Permian (ca. 281 Ma), in a thermo-baric environment (P = 0.5 ± 0.1 GPa and T = 750–880 ± 20 °C) attesting for an important thinning of the Pyrenean crust at the end of the Variscan cycle. Solid-state deformation occurred during the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 96 Ma), at shallow crustal depths (≤10 km) and under amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions. These results document that rifting events had already thinned the Pyrenean crust prior to the Cretaceous mantle exhumation and that the lower crust was affected by ductile deformation during the Cretaceous rifting. Our study demonstrates that in the Pyrenean realm the Permian crustal thinning played a very important role and that mantle exhumation resulted from polyphase post-Variscan, Permian-to-Cretaceous crustal thinning episodes.

RailBeijing 2021, 9th International Conference on Railway Operations Modelling and Analysis (ICROMA), Pékin, CHINE, 03-/11/2021 - 07/11/2021; The real-time Railway Traffic Management Problem (rtRTMP) is the problem of detecting and solving time-overlapping conflicting requests done by multiple trains on the same track resources. This problem consists in retiming, reordering and rerouting trains in such a way that the propagation of disturbances in the railway network is minimized. The rtRTMP is an NP-complete problem and finding good strategies to simplify its solution process is paramount to obtain good quality results in a short computation time. Solving the Train Routing Selection Problem (TRSP) aims to reduce the size of rtRTMP instances by limiting the number of routing variables: during a pre-processing the most promising routing alternatives among the available ones are selected for each train. These alternatives are the only ones to be then used in the rtRTMP solution. A first version of the TRSP has been recently proposed in the literature. This paper presents an improved TRSP model for stations where rolling stock re-utilization timing constraints and estimation of train delay propagation are taken into account. Additionally, a parallel Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed. We analyze the impact of the TRSP model and algorithm on the rtRTMP through a thorough computational campaign performed on a French case study with timetable disturbances and infrastructure disruptions. The model presented leads to a better correlation between TRSP and rtRTMP solutions, and the proposed ACO algorithm outperforms the former state-of-the-art.

In this paper we consider kinetically constrained models (KCM) on $\mathbb Z^2$ with general update families $\mathcal U$. For $\mathcal U$ belonging to the so-called "critical class" our focus is on the divergence of the infection time of the origin for the equilibrium process as the density of the facilitating sites vanishes. In a recent paper Mar\^ech\'e and two of the present authors proved that if $\mathcal U$ has an infinite number of "stable directions", then on a doubly logarithmic scale the above divergence is twice the one in the corresponding $\mathcal U$-bootstrap percolation. Here we prove instead that, contrary to previous conjectures, in the complementary case the two divergences are the same. In particular, we establish the full universality partition for critical $\mathcal U$. The main novel contribution is the identification of the leading mechanism governing the motion of infected critical droplets. It consists of a peculiar hierarchical combination of mesoscopic East-like motions., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, expanded and revised presentation, added roadmaps for sections 4 and 5, added and improved figures

International audience; The Political Legislation Cycle theory predicts a peak of legislative production in the pre-electoral period, when legislators focus on voters’ welfare to be reelected. This paper verifies the theory on South Korean legislative production (1948–2016); it is the first test of the theory in a country undergoing a process of democratization, thus providing evidence relevant also for the conditional political cycles literature. Two insofar untested hypotheses are verified: 1) peaks of legislative production should increase with the degree of democracy; 2) as the party system and the mechanisms of legislative checks and balances develop, the PLC should become more evident in bills of legislative rather than executive's initiative. A hurdle model estimated on both laws of parliamentary proposal and of government assignment lends empirical support to both hypotheses, with the noticeable feature that PLC in Korea appear more in the form of an upward trend than of pre-electoral peaks. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

AimHere, we aim to: (i) investigate the local effect of environmental and human-related factors on alien plant invasion in sub-Antarctic islands; (ii) explore the relationship between alien species features and their dependence on anthropogenic propagule pressure; and (iii) unravel key traits conferring invasiveness in the sub-Antarctic.LocationPossession Island, Crozet archipelago (French sub-Antarctic islands).TaxonNon-native vascular plants (Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Juncaceae).MethodsSingle-species distribution models were used to explore the effect of high-resolution topoclimatic and human-related variables on the occurrence of six of the most aggressive alien plants colonizing French sub-Antarctic islands. Furthermore, the interaction between alien species traits and their response to anthropogenic propagule pressure was analysed by means of a multi-species distribution model. This allowed identifying the features of species that were associated to low dependence on human-assisted introductions, and were thus potentially more invasive.ResultsWe observed two main invasion patterns: low-spread species strongly dependent on anthropogenic propagule pressure and high-spread species limited mainly by harsh climatic conditions. Differences in invasiveness across species mostly related to their residence time, life history and plant height, with older introductions, perennial and low-stature species being more invasive.Main conclusionsThe availability of high-resolution data improved our understanding of the role of environmental and human-related factors in driving alien species distribution on sub-Antarctic islands. At the same time, the identification of alien species features conferring invasiveness may help anticipating future problematic invasions.

International audience; Reconfigurable Intelligent Meta-surfaces (RIMs) are particular devices able to control and manipulate radio frequency wireless signals. This promising technology allows to improve the reliability of wireless networks, thanks to the capacity of reflecting the desired signals through appropriate phase shifts. The joint use of RIMs and Computer Vision (CV) technology is the main objective of this paper. This synergistic approach is used to correctly identify the specific configuration of a radiation pattern, to be used as input for computing optimal coding sequences of the RIM. Indeed, by the means of a CV algorithm it is possible to infer a connectivity graph related to a real scenario, where people is moving. The information about network nodes such as their distance, the relative position, etc. is used for feeding an intelligent logic, able to compute the optimal configuration for redirecting the signals towards a given receiver target node. Numerical results show the huge potentiality of this combined approach in terms of interference reduction. It has been observed that for high traffic load, it is possible to reduce the average interference in the network of 40%. Furthermore, an analysis including the positioning estimation error of the CV algorithm has been addressed, in order to consider how it affects the interference reduction. Results show that, even though there is an increasing effect of interference, when the error is accounted, the interference reduction impact is still important.

International audience; Secondary dry grasslands in Europe can host high levels of vascular plant richness at small spatial scales. However, in Southern Europe their biodiversity patterns are largely unexplored. In this work, we aim at: (i) estimating plant species richness patterns at very fine scales in montane dry grasslands, on limestone bedrock, in Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park (Central Apennines, Italy); (ii) assessing the most important physical and edaphic drivers of biodiversity patterns at multiple plot sizes. We used randomly placed nested-plot series where we measured alpha-diversity at three different plot sizes (1 m2, 0.1 m2 and 0.01 m2) and within-plot beta-diversity (as expressed by the slope of the species-area curve across plot sizes). Variable selection was performed by means of Random Forests. Relationships between selected variables and diversity measures were then assessed using Regression Trees, Linear and Generalized Linear Models. Overall, results pointed to topographically-controlled edaphic factors (soil pH and silt fraction) as the main drivers positively influencing alpha-diversity at all spatial scales, with a positive effect of rock cover and slope inclination at smaller spatial grains. Beta-diversity was positively influenced by rock cover. We suggest that high-pH, steep and/or rocky sites feature higher species richness because they lack competitive grass species. Our results are in agreement with previous works underlining the importance of less productive habitats for the conservation of secondary grassland biodiversity.

Tsunamis are unpredictable and infrequent but potentially large impact natural disasters. To prepare, mitigate and prevent losses from tsunamis, probabilistic hazard and risk analysis methods have been developed and have proved useful. However, large gaps and uncertainties still exist and many steps in the assessment methods lack information, theoretical foundation, or commonly accepted methods. Moreover, applied methods have very different levels of maturity, from already advanced probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis for earthquake sources, to less mature probabilistic risk analysis. In this review we give an overview of the current state of probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk analysis. Identifying research gaps, we offer suggestions for future research directions. An extensive literature list allows for branching into diverse aspects of this scientific approach. © Copyright © 2021 Behrens, Løvholt, Jalayer, Lorito, Salgado-Gálvez, Sørensen, Abadie, Aguirre-Ayerbe, Aniel-Quiroga, Babeyko, Baiguera, Basili, Belliazzi, Grezio, Johnson, Murphy, Paris, Rafliana, De Risi, Rossetto, Selva, Taroni, Del Zoppo, Armigliato, Bureš, Cech, Cecioni, Christodoulides, Davies, Dias, Bayraktar, González, Gritsevich, Guillas, Harbitz, Kânoǧlu, Macías, Papadopoulos, Polet, Romano, Salamon, Scala, Stepinac, Tappin, Thio, Tonini, Triantafyllou, Ulrich, Varini, Volpe and Vyhmeister. This article is based upon work from COST Action CA18109 AGITHAR, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). VB and PC obtained support through the VES20 Inter-Cost LTC 20020 project. MS-G obtained support through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program (Ref. CEX 2018–000797-S). TU acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ChEESE project, Grant Agreement No. 823844).

International audience; L'essai réalise une analyse approfondie des caractéristiques et des conditions de conservation de l'archive photographique d'Emilio Cecchi. Le corpus de photographies, comprenant environ 1200 exemplaires (négatifs et extraits de pellicule), occupe une partie considérable de l'archive d'auteur, auprès l'Archivio Contemporaneo "A. Bonsanti" del Gabinetto Vieusseux. Dans la première partie de l'essai l'autrice réfléchit, à partir de lettres inédites, cahiers et textes, sur le rôle de la photographie pour le critique - s'attardant notamment sur l'emploi des images prises lors des voyages des années '30 comme "cahiers photographiques", fonctionnelles à l'écriture des reportages pour le "Corriere della Sera", et sur les co-implications conséquentes entre images et écriture. La deuxième section présente les conditions archivistiques du corpus photographique. Enfin, sont exposées les méthodologies adoptées par l'autrice pour l'identification des photographies jusqu'ici dépourvues d'indications géographiques et chronologiques.; Il contributo traccia un'analisi approfondita della consistenza e delle condizioni di conservazione del fondo fotografico di Emilio Cecchi. Il corpus di fotografie, costituito da circa 1200 esemplari (fra negativi e spezzoni di pellicola cinematografica), occupa una parte consistente dell'articolato archivio d'autore, presso l'Archivio Contemporaneo "A. Bonsanti" del Gabinetto Vieusseux. Nella prima parte del saggio l'autrice riflette, sulla base di lettere inedite, taccuini e testi, sul ruolo della fotografia per il critico - soffermandosi in particolare sull'impiego delle immagini scattate nel corso dei viaggi degli anni '30 come "taccuini fotografici", funzionali alla scrittura dei reportage per il "Corriere della Sera", e sulle conseguenti co-implicazioni tra immagini e scrittura. Nella seconda sezione vengono presentate le condizioni archivistiche del corpus fotografico. Infine, sono esposte le metodologie adottate dall'autrice per l'identificazione delle fotografie finora prive di indicazioni geografiche e cronologiche.

International audience; Although quantitative ultrasound techniques based on the parameterization of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) have been successfully applied to blood characterization, theoretical scattering models assume blood as an isotropic scattering medium. However, the red blood cell (RBC) aggregates form anisotropic structures such as rouleaux in healthy blood. Therefore, the present study aims to progress further in the understanding of ultrasonic scattering from anisotropic RBC aggregates. Computer simulations were performed to compute the frequency-dependent BSC for different aggregating configurations: polydisperse spherical aggregates, randomly oriented or perfectly aligned prolate-shaped aggregates, and complex configurations with partially aligned prolate-shaped aggregates. Two scattering models were examined: the isotropic effective medium theory combined with the local monodisperse approximation (EMTLMA) and the anisotropic formulation of the EMTLMA considering perfectly aligned structures. When considering aligned prolate-shaped aggregates, the anisotropic EMTLMA was found to be superior to the isotropic EMTLMA in estimating the scatterer volume distribution. When considering the complex aggregating configurations, both isotropic and anisotropic EMTLMA yielded similar scatterer volume distribution. The mean scatterer size was underestimated when considering randomly oriented prolate-shaped aggregates and complex configurations with partially aligned structures. These results contribute to the better interpretation of scatterer size estimates for characterizing anisotropic RBC aggregates in blood.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of inherited intellectual disability and the best-described monogenic cause of autism. CGG-repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene leads to FMR1 silencing, loss-of-expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), and is a common cause of FXS. Missense mutations in the FMR1 gene were also identified in FXS patients, including the recurrent FMRP-R138Q mutation. To investigate the mechanisms underlying FXS caused by this mutation, we generated a knock-in mouse model (Fmr1R138Q) expressing the FMRP-R138Q protein. We demonstrate that, in the hippocampus of the Fmr1R138Q mice, neurons show an increased spine density associated with synaptic ultrastructural defects and increased AMPA receptor-surface expression. Combining biochemical assays, high-resolution imaging, electrophysiological recordings, and behavioural testing, we also show that the R138Q mutation results in impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation and socio-cognitive deficits in mice. These findings reveal the functional impact of the FMRP-R138Q mutation in a mouse model of FXS., The R138Q mutation in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene has been associated with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Here, the authors present a Fmr1R138Q Knock-In mouse model and show that R138Q mutation results in impaired long-term potentiation and socio-cognitive performance in these mice.

International audience; Question: Does spectral diversity captured by unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide reliable information for monitoring the eco-geomorphological integrity of Mediterranean coastal dune ecosystems? Can this information discriminate between two coastal areas with low (LP) and high (HP) human pressure? Location: Tyrrhenian coast, Central Italy. Methods: By processing UAS images, we derived the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and topographic variables at high spatial resolution (0.5 m) for 150 m wide strips starting from the coastline inland on two representative coastal tracts under low and high human pressure. We mapped the sea–inland heterogeneity applying Rao's Q index to the plant biomass (NDVI) and geomorphology variables (elevation and slope). Since Rao's Q index can be calculated in a multidimensional space, we summarized the variability of these three variables into a single eco-geomorphological layer. We then inspected and compared how the Rao's Q index values for plant biomass, geomorphology and eco-geomorphology change as a func-tion of the distance from the sea between the two coastal sites. Results: Rao's Q heterogeneity values vary along the sea–inland gradient of well-preserved sites (LP). The maximum eco-geomorphological heterogeneity was found at intermediate distances from the sea and decreased toward the inner sector where the dune geomorphology was more stable and vegetation more homogeneously dis-tributed. Instead, Rao's Q heterogeneity values featured constant low values along the gradient on the HP site, highlighting a simplified eco-geomorphological gradient related to the high human pressure. Conclusions: Using UAS, the eco-geomorphological gradient of coastal dunes can be quantified at a very fine spatial resolution over management-relevant extents. Rao's Q index applied to sensing imagery successfully captured the differences in the eco-geomorphological heterogeneity along the sea–inland dune gradient and among sites with different levels of anthropic pressure. This approach supports frequent surveys and is particularly suitable for spatial monitoring of key coastal functions and services. © 2021 International Association for Vegetation Science.

International audience; The article presents the results of research on the living, study and working conditions of future teachers in the French National Education system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation took place in Martinique, a French overseas territory, and focused on four aspects: the availability of computer equipment, access to digital resources, material and psychological conditions during confinement, and the remote relationship with teachers. The results obtained show that the distance education strategies defined by the public authorities were often improvised, not very inclusive and could not solve the problems related to the lack of technical and economic resources suffered by peripheral and marginal communities. This has led to an overload of responsibilities and a high level of dissatisfaction and stress among users.; L'article présente les résultats d'une recherche sur les conditions de vie, d'étude et de travail des futurs enseignants de l'Éducation nationale française pendant la pandémie de la COVID-19. L'enquête s'est déroulée en Martinique, un territoire français d'outre-mer et portait sur quatre aspects : la disponibilité du matériel informatique, l'accès aux ressources numériques, les conditions matérielles et psychologiques pendant le confinement et la relation à distance avec les enseignants. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les stratégies d'enseignement à distance définies par les pouvoirs publics étaient souvent improvisées, peu inclusives et ne pouvaient pas résoudre les problèmes liés au manque de ressources techniques et économiques dont souffrent les communautés périphériques et marginales. Cette situation a généré une surcharge de responsabilités ainsi qu'un niveau élevé d'insatisfaction et de stress chez les usagers.

International audience; The understanding of the interactions between subduction‐induced mantle flow and background mantle flow (being global or regional) remains incomplete despite its potential impact on subduction dynamics and associated deformation. Here we present the results of three‐dimensional laboratory models of subduction zones at the scale of the upper mantle in which we systematically vary the plate's width and trench perpendicular background mantle flow. In particular, we test different mantle flow magnitudes and directions of flow and evaluate their impact on the slab geometry in the vertical plane, trench shape evolution and the superficial horizontal mantle deformation. While the chosen viscosity ratio between the convective mantle and the subducting plate in our models (∼100) is favorable to the deformation of the slab through mantle displacement, we show that the geometry of the slab in the vertical plane is only marginally affected by the imposed background flow. Instead, the background flow has a larger impact on the horizontal kinematics and deformation of the trench. It reduces along‐trench variations of trench kinematics, which in turn decreases trench curvature, and it largely disturbs the pattern of mantle deformation at slab edges, inhibiting the development of toroidal cells. We also show that the thickness of the convective layer (here the upper mantle) controls the toroidal component of the mantle flow and the length scale of trench curvature for large subduction zones.

CTS 2021, 16th IFAC Symposium on Control in Transportation Systems, Lille , FRANCE, 08-/06/2021 - 10/06/2021; The real-time Railway Traffic Management Problem (rtRTMP) is the problem of detecting and solving time-overlapping conflicting request done by multiple trains on the same track resources. It typically consists in taking retiming, reordering or rerouting train actions in such a way that the propagation of disturbances in the railway network is minimized. The rtRTMP is an NP-Hard problem and finding good strategy to simplifying its solution process is paramount to obtain good quality solutions in a short computation. Solving the Train Routing Selection Problem (TRSP) aims to do so, by limiting the number of routing variables through a pre-processing that selects the most promising routing alternatives among the available ones for each train in order to reduce the size of rtRTMP instances. This paper studies the performance of an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for the same problem. An integer linear programming formulation for the TRSP is presented and solved using a commercial software, and it is considered as a benchmark. Computational experiments are performed on two practical case studies of the French railway infrastructure: the line near the city of Rouen and the Lille terminal station area. ACO and the commercial solver perform comparably only on small instances and both are able to find optimal solutions. However, on larger instances, the ACO algorithm outperforms the commercial software, both in terms of computation time and solution quality.

International audience; We present a formalization of proof-nets (and more generally, proofstructures) for the multiplicative-exponential fragment of linear logic, with a novel treatment of boxes: instead of integrating boxes into to the graphical structure (e.g., by adding explicit auxiliary doors, plus a mapping from boxed nodes to the main door, and ad hoc conditions on the nesting of boxes), we fix a graph morphism from the underlying graph of the proof-structure to the tree of boxes given by the nesting order. This approach allows to apply tools and notions from the theory of algebraic graph transformations, and obtain very synthetic presentations of sophisticated operations: for instance, each element of the Taylor expansion of a proof-structure is obtained by a pullback along a morphism representing a thick subtree of the tree of boxes. A treatment of cut elimination in this framework currently under development.

Muong Nong-type (MN) tektites are a layered type of tektite associated to the Australasian strewn field, the youngest (790 kyr) and largest on Earth. In some MN tektites, coesite is observed in association with relict quartz and silica glass within inclusions surrounded by a froth layer. The formation of coesite-bearing frothy inclusions is here investigated through a 3D textural multiscale analysis of the vesicles contained in a MN tektite sample, combined with compositional and spectroscopic data. The vesicle size distribution testifies to a post-shock decompression that induced melting and extensive vesiculation in the tektite melt. Compared to free vesicles, nucleated homogeneously in the tektite melt, froth vesicles nucleated heterogeneously on relict quartz surfaces at the margins of coesite-bearing inclusions. The rapid detachment of the froth vesicles and prompt reactivation of the nucleation site favoured the packing of vesicles and the formation of the froth structure. Vesicle relaxation time scales suggest that the vesiculation process lasted few seconds. The formation of the froth layer was instrumental for the preservation of coesite, promoting quenching of the inclusion core through the subtraction of heat during froth expansion, thereby physically insulating the inclusion until the final quench of the tektite melt.

International audience; This paper analyses how train delays propagate in a metro network due to disturbances and disruptions when different recovery strategies are implemented. Metro regulators use traffic management policies to recover from delays as fast as possible, return to a predefined schedule, or achieve an expected regularity of train arrivals and departures. We use as a metro traffic simulator SIMSTORS, which is based on a Stochastic Petri Net variant and simulates a physical system controlled by traffic management algorithms. To model existing metro networks, SIMSTORS has been mainly used with rule-based traffic management algorithms. In this work, we enhance traffic management strategies. We integrate SIMSTORS and the AGLIBRARY optimization solver in a closed-loop framework. AGLIBRARY is a deterministic solver for managing complex scheduling and routing problems. We formulate the real-time train rescheduling problem by means of alternative graphs, and use the decision procedures of AGLIBRARY to obtain rescheduling solutions. Several operational issues have been investigated throughout the use of the proposed simulation–optimization framework, among which how to design suitable periodic or event-based rescheduling strategies, how to setup the traffic prediction horizon, how to decide the frequency and the length of the optimization process. The Santiago Metro Line 1, in Chile, is used as a practical case study. Experiments with this framework in various settings show that integrating the optimization algorithms provided by AGLIBRARY to the rule-based traffic management embedded in SIMSTORS optimizes performance of the network, both in terms of train delay minimization and service regularity.

International audience; In this paper we revisit and extend some mathematical aspects of Onsager's theory of liquid crystals that have been investigated in recent years by different communities (statistical mechanics, analysis and probability). We introduce a model of anisotropic molecules with three-dimensional orientations interacting via a Kac-type interaction. We prove that, in the limit in which the range of the interaction is sent to infinity after the thermodynamic limit, the free energy tends to the infimum of an effective energy functionalà la Onsager. We then prove that, if the spherical harmonic transform of the angular interaction has a negative minimum, this effective free energy functional displays a first order phase transition as the total density of the system increases.

A soft X-ray excess above the 2-10 keV power law extrapolation is generally observed in AGN X-ray spectra. Presently there are two competitive models to explain it: blurred ionized reflection and warm Comptonisation. In the latter case, observations suggest a corona temperature $\sim$ 1 keV and a corona optical depth $\sim$ 10. Moreover, radiative constraints from spectral fits with Comptonisation models suggest that most of the accretion power should be released in the warm corona. The disk below is basically non-dissipative, radiating only the reprocessed emission from the corona. The true radiative properties of such a warm and optically thick plasma are not well-known, however. For instance, the importance of the Comptonisation process, the potential presence of strong absorption/emission features or the spectral shape of the output spectrum have been studied only very recently. We present in this paper simulations of warm and optically thick coronae using the TITAN radiative transfer code coupled with the NOAR Monte-Carlo code, the latter fully accounting for Compton scattering of continuum and lines. Illumination from above by a hard X-ray emission and from below by an optically thick accretion disk is taken into account as well as (uniform) internal heating. Our simulations show that for a large part of the parameter space, the warm corona with sufficient internal mechanical heating is dominated by Compton cooling and neither strong absorption nor emission lines are present in the outgoing spectra. In a smaller part of the parameter space, the calculated emission agrees with the spectral shape of the observed soft X-ray excess. Remarkably, this also corresponds to the conditions of radiative equilibrium of an extended warm corona covering almost entirely a non-dissipative accretion disk. These results confirm the warm Comptonisation as a valuable model for the soft X-ray excess., Accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 8 Figures

International audience; In this paper we investigate the notion of generalized connective for multiplicative linear logic. We introduce a notion of orthogonality for partitions of a finite set and we study the family of connectives which can be described by two orthogonal sets of partitions. We prove that there is a special class of connectives that can never be decomposed by means of the multiplicative conjunction ⊗ and disjunction`, providing an infinite family of non-decomposable connectives, called Girard connectives. We show that each Girard connective can be naturally described by a type (a set of partitions equal to its double-orthogonal) and its orthogonal type. In addition, one of these two types is the union of the types associated to a family of MLL-formulas in disjunctive normal form, and these formulas only differ for the cyclic permutations of their atoms.

International audience; A Multiplicative-Exponential Linear Logic (MELL) proof-structure can be expanded into a (infinite) set of resource proof-structures: its Taylor expansion. We introduce a new criterion characterizing those sets of resource proof-structures that are part of the Taylor expansion of some MELL proof-structure, through a rewriting system acting both on resource and MELL proof-structures.

We investigate the largest number of nonzero weights of quasi-cyclic codes. In particular, we focus on the function $\Gamma _{Q}(n,\ell,k,q)$ , that is defined to be the largest number of nonzero weights a quasi-cyclic code of index $\gcd (\ell,n)$ , length $n$ and dimension $k$ over $\mathbb F_{q}$ can have, and connect it to similar functions related to linear and cyclic codes. We provide several upper and lower bounds on this function, using different techniques and studying its asymptotic behavior. Moreover, we determine the smallest index for which a $q$ -ary Reed-Muller code is quasi-cyclic, a result of independent interest.

[EN] Message Broadcasting in Opportunistic Networks is based on the opportunity of establishing contacts among mobiles nodes for message exchange. Nevertheless, as the amount of information transmitted in a contact is limited by the transmission speed and the contact duration, large messages are less likely to be exchanged, and thus their diffusion is severely limited. Furthermore, these failed transmissions can also lead to an important waste of network resources, since the message transmission is aborted when the contact ends and the message needs to be transmitted again in the next contact. Therefore, in this paper we study the impact that contact duration has on the broadcast of messages, showing that splitting a large message into smaller parts can improve its diffusion. Based on this idea, we propose an extension of the epidemic protocol called Xpread. The efficiency of this protocol mainly depends on how the original message is partitioned. Thus, in order to evaluate the impact and the efficiency of the partition scheme, we have developed an analytical model based on Population Processes, showing that a fixed size partition is the best option, while also providing a simple expression to obtain the optimal size. The Xpread has been evaluated exhaustively using four different mobiles traces, comprising both pedestrian and vehicular scenarios. The results show that the diffusion of large messages is improved up to four times with a slight reduction in the delivery time and overhead, minimising also message forwarding failures., This work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain, under Grant RTI2018-096384-B-I00; and the Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion del Ecuador (SENESCYT), Ecuador.

International audience; Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs) consist of groups of individuals (i.e., people) who may share common interests, preferences and needs in the context of temporal spatial proximity on roads. In this environment, the impact of human social factors, such as mobility, willingness to cooperate and personal preferences, on vehicular connectivity is taken under consideration, thus extending the concept of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. In VSNs, vehicles are classified based on their social degree, a vehicle considered to be a "social" one if it accesses the vehicular social network and posts messages with a frequency higher than a given threshold. Therefore, to speed up the data dissemination process within a vehicular social network, a packet should be forwarded to those vehicles showing high social activity. In a previous paper, we introduced a new probabilistic-based broadcasting scheme called SCARF (SoCial-Aware Reliable Forwarding Technique for Vehicular Communications), and we analytically demonstrated its effectiveness in packet transmission reduction while guaranteeing network dissemination. In this paper, we assess SCARF in more realistic scenarios with real traffic traces, and we compare it with other similar techniques. We show that SCARF outperforms other approaches in terms of delivery ratio, while guaranteeing acceptable time delay values and average number of forwardings.