Search

ABSTRACT A rapidly growing body of research spanning several scientific disciplines and countries converges to show that mental health problems among students are an increasing challenge for higher education institutions. Mental health problems among students threaten academic performance, degree completion and student well‐being. Structural efforts aimed at building health‐promoting, learning environments for all students are lacking in the literature. This study aims to identify and describe what is currently known about structural approaches to promote mental health or prevent mental health problems among students in higher educational settings. We conducted a scoping review of studies published in peer‐reviewed journals between 2001 and 2021, which studied structural interventions to promote mental health or prevent mental health problems among students in higher educational settings. The search identified 8372 articles, and 27 were included in the final sample. Four broad categories of approach were identified: (1) inclusion and diversity approaches, (2) adaptations to the physical environment, (3) teaching health‐related skills and behaviours and (4) adaptations to pedagogical practices and teaching approaches. The general finding from the studies reporting student perceptions was that students were favourable to the interventions to which they were exposed. Studies investigating pre‐ to post‐test changes in well‐being had mixed findings. Institutions aiming to support student mental health at the structural level should rigorously study and describe these approaches and their outcomes to advance our combined understanding of how we might design and deliver structural interventions to support students' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews into universal interventions to improve help seeking in young people focus on specific concepts, such as behaviour, do not differentiate between interpersonal and intrapersonal help seeking, and often report on statistical significance, rather than effect size. The aim of this review was to address the gaps highlighted above, to investigate the impact of universal, school-based interventions on help-seeking in children and young people, as well as to explore longer term impact. Four databases were searched. Data were extracted on country of origin, design, participant, school, and intervention characteristics, the help-seeking concept measured (e.g. knowledge, attitude/intention, behaviour), the duration between baseline and each follow-up (if applicable) and effect sizes at each follow-up. Quality assessment of the studies was undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Overall, 14 different interventions met inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were rated low in the quality assessment. Three constructs were most frequently reported a) intrapersonal attitudes towards help-seeking, b) interpersonal attitudes towards help-seeking and c) intrapersonal intended help-seeking. Findings around intervention effect were mixed. There was tentative evidence that interventions impacting interpersonal attitudes produced small effect sizes when measured between 3 and 6 months post intervention and that when effect sizes were initially observed intrapersonal attitudes, this remained at 3–6 month follow-up. Further work should pay attention to implementation factors, understanding the core ingredients needed to deliver effective interventions and whether embedding mental health education could help sustain or top up effect sizes from help-seeking interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The NCCN guidelines recommend genetic testing in those patients at increased risk of breast cancer in order to identify candidates for increased frequency of screening or prophylactic mastectomy. However, genetic testing may now identify patients who may benefit from recently developed targeted breast cancer therapy. In order to more widely identify these patients, we implemented genetic counseling for all patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: In 2021, all patients evaluated within a Midwestern community hospital system diagnosed with breast cancer were offered genetic counseling. This group of patients was compared to a cohort of patients in 2021 who were offered genetic counseling based on NCCN guidelines. With Pearson's chi square, Fisher's Exact test, Mann–Whitney U, and multivariate regression as appropriate, individual demographic data and genetic testing completion between 2019 and 2021 were evaluated. Results: A total of 973 patients were reviewed. 439 were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2019 and 534 in 2021. Demographics and stage at diagnosis (p = 0.194) were similar between years. Completion of genetic testing increased from 204 (46.5%) in 2019 to 338 (63.3%) in 2021 (p < 0.01) with the universal counseling protocol. Specifically, genetic testing completion increased significantly in older patients (p = 0.041) and patients receiving Medicare benefits (p = 0.005). The overall pathogenic variants found increased from 32 to 39 with the most common including BRCA2 (n = 11), CFTR (n = 9), CHEK2 (n = 8), BRCA1 (n = 6). Conclusion: Universal genetic counseling was related to a significant increase in genetic testing completion and an increase in pathogenic variants found among breast cancer patients, specifically in subpopulations which may have been previously excluded by traditional NCCN genetic testing screening guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to describe our experience with universal urine drug screening (UDS) with rapid confirmation (RC) via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) before infant's discharge, in efforts to increase detection of neonates at risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) while reducing patient burden related to false positive results. Study Design Two-phase retrospective study of all pregnant women admitted to our labor and delivery (L&D) unit before (phase 1, April 2018–March 2019) and after (phase 2, October 2019–September 2020) RC of UDS was initiated. Urine samples were obtained on admission and screened for drugs using an enzyme immunoassay with positive results reflexed to confirmation via LC-MS. The turnaround time for LC-MS was 1 week in phase 1 and 24 hours in phase 2. For mothers with positive LC-MS confirmation, the infant's meconium was sent for drug screening. Positive results were determined to be true or false positive based on urinary LC-MS results. The primary outcome was the rate of opioid-positive mothers who were unanticipated. The secondary outcome was the difference in rate of neonates who were observed for NOWS, before and after implementation of RC with LC-MS. Results In phase 2, a total of 2,395 deliveries occurred of which 2,122 (88.6%) had available UDS results. Fifty-two (2.5%) women had a positive UDS for at least one drug with LC-MS confirmation. Of those, 25 were true positive and 27 were false positive. Twenty-one (84%) true positive mothers were taking opioids and 8 (37%) of them were unanticipated positives. Among mothers with positive UDS for opioids, the neonatal observation rate for development of NOWS was 100% (22/22) and 48% (21/44) before and after implementation of LC-MS RC, respectively. Conclusion Universal UDS and LC-MS RC in L&D may improve detection of unanticipated positive mothers whose infants are at risk of NOWS. RC of positive results allows intervention only for confirmed cases. Key Points Universal UDS can detect more infants at risk of NOWS. Rapid confirmation of positive UDS reduces burden. Only confirmed infants should be observed in the neonatal intensive care unit. Child Protective Services should only be notified of confirmed opioid-positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at solving the problem of a wide variety of crop planting and addressing the concept of precision agriculture, a pneumatic universal seed-metering device suitable for corn and soybean was designed. According to the physical size of the above two crops crop planting, a seeding plate, a hole, and a guide tube were designed. The pressure distribution inside the seeding plate was studied, when the pressure, the diameter of the hole, and the rotation speed of the metering plate changed. Through the coupling simulation method of DEM and CFD, the effects of the air suction hole diameter, the air pressure intensity, and the seeding plate speed on the seeding performance were explored. The results showed that when the air suction hole diameter was 5.9 mm, the air pressure intensity was 3.5 kPa, and the seeding plate speed was 23.8 r/min, and the performance of corn seeding was the best, among which the seeding qualification index was 95.35%, the replay index was 1.45%, and the missed seeding index was 3.23%. When the air suction hole diameter was 6.1 mm, the air pressure intensity was 3.5 kPa, and the rotation speed of the seed plate was 24 r/min, the performance of soybean sowing was the best, in which the sowing qualification index was 95.76%, the reseeding index was 3.47%, and the missed sowing index was 0.77%. The bench verification test and the comparative test were carried out. The results showed that the seed-metering device had good seeding performance and could be applied to the general seeding operation of corn and soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The revolutionary technology of smartphone-based retinal imaging has been consistently improving over the years. Smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices are designed to be portable, easy to use, and cost-efficient, which enables eye care to be more widely accessible especially in geographically remote areas. This enables early disease detection for those who are in low- and middle- income population or just in general has very limited access to eye care. This study investigates the limitation of smartphone compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Additionally, this study aims to propose a universal adapter design that is usable with an existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition device known as the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. This study also aims to simulate the reliability, validity, and performance overall of the developed prototype. Methods A literature review has been conducted that identifies the limitation of smartphone compatibility among existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Designing and modeling of proposed adapter were performed using the software AutoCAD 3D. For the proposed performance evaluation, finite element analysis (FEA) in the software Autodesk Inventor and 5-point scale method were demonstrated. Results Published studies demonstrate that most of the existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices have compatibility limited to specific older smartphone models. This highlights the benefit of a universal adapter in broadening the usability of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. A functional universal adapter design has been developed that demonstrates its compatibility with a variety of smartphones regardless of the smartphone dimension or the position of the smartphone’s camera lens. The proposed performance evaluation method generates an efficient stress analysis of the proposed adapter design. The end-user survey results show a positive overall performance of the developed universal adapter. However, a significant difference between the expert's views on the developed adapter and the quality of images is observed. Conclusion The compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices is still mostly limited to specific smartphone models. Besides this, the concept of a universal and suitable adapter for retinal imaging using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope was presented and validated in this paper. This work provides a platform for future development of smartphone-based ophthalmoscope that is universal.

1/ En primer lugar, me gustaría presentar brevemente el proyecto intelectual que sustenta este artículo, en particular la noción de “metáforas de la Tierra” y, por lo tanto, el proyecto de elaborar una historia de las metáforas de la Tierra (metáforas geográficas).

Purpose – Evidence-based practice is a professional standard for occupational therapists, but limited time, resources and knowledge challenge its implementation. This study aims to identify what free evidence summary sources (FESS) can be found through a simple online search, related to child/youth interventions surrounding cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), mental health or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (MH/ADHD). Evidence summaries share research in concise, time-efficient manners. Design/methodology/approach – An internet-based scoping review was conducted between February 2022 and July 2022, using Google, and known evidence summary producers. Evidence summaries meeting the inclusion criteria were located and catalogued. Type of agency, target audiences, purpose and distribution of evidence summaries related to diagnosis were identified for each FESS. Findings – Ten FESS were found, which produced 113 intervention-focused evidence summaries within the past 10 years. These FESS were aimed at a variety of target audiences: service providers, service users, parents/families, researchers and commissioners, and were produced primarily by non-profit/charity organisations (6 of 10) who were trying to fill a gap in evidence. Forty-eight evidence summaries were related to ASD, 34 to CP, 29 to MH/ADHD and two to DCD. Originality/value – A catalogue of FESS that exist online was produced, to support evidence-based practice for paediatric occupational therapists with limited resources, and may support improved health promotion and informed decision-making for service users. No consistent framework for FESS evidence summaries exists at this time.

Nematodes play a vital ecological role in soil and marine ecosystems, but there is limited information about their dietary diversity and feeding habits. Due to methodological challenges, the available information is based on inference rather than confirmed observations. The lack of correct dietary requirements also hampers rearing experiments. To achieve insight into the prey of mononchid nematodes, this study employed high-throughput Illumina paired-end sequencing using universal eukaryotic species 18S primers on 10 pooled mononchid nematode species, namely Mylonchulus brachyuris, M. brevicaudatus, Mylonchulus sp., Clarkus parvus, Prionchulus sp. M. hawaiiensis, M. sigmaturellus, M. vulvapapillatus, Anatonchus sp. and Miconchus sp. The results indicate that mononchids are associated with a remarkable diversity of eukaryotes, including fungi, algae, and protists. While the metabarcoding approach, first introduced here for mononchids, proved to be a simple and rapid method, it has several limitations and crucial methodological challenges that should be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, such methods should be able to evaluate the dietary complexity of nematodes and provide a valuable avenue for unraveling the dietary requirements of previously unculturable nematodes. This can contribute to the methodology of understanding their feeding habits and contributions to ecosystem dynamics.

Background: The revolutionary technology of smartphone-based retinal imaging has been consistently improving over the years. Smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices are designed to be portable, easy to use, and cost-efficient, which enables eye care to be more widely accessible especially in geographically remote areas. This enables early disease detection for those who are in low- and middle- income population or just in general has very limited access to eye care. This study investigates the limitation of smartphone compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Additionally, this study aims to propose a universal adapter design that is usable with an existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition device known as the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. This study also aims to simulate the reliability, validity, and performance overall of the developed prototype. Methods: A literature review has been conducted that identifies the limitation of smartphone compatibility among existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Designing and modeling of proposed adapter were performed using the software AutoCAD 3D. For the proposed performance evaluation, finite element analysis (FEA) in the software Autodesk Inventor and 5-point scale method were demonstrated. Results: Published studies demonstrate that most of the existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices have compatibility limited to specific older smartphone models. This highlights the benefit of a universal adapter in broadening the usability of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. A functional universal adapter design has been developed that demonstrates its compatibility with a variety of smartphones regardless of the smartphone dimension or the position of the smartphone's camera lens. The proposed performance evaluation method generates an efficient stress analysis of the proposed adapter design. The end-user survey results show a positive overall performance of the developed universal adapter. However, a significant difference between the expert's views on the developed adapter and the quality of images is observed. Conclusion: The compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices is still mostly limited to specific smartphone models. Besides this, the concept of a universal and suitable adapter for retinal imaging using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope was presented and validated in this paper. This work provides a platform for future development of smartphone-based ophthalmoscope that is universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz's theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analyses of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in schools consistently show small, positive effects, but the field remains dominated by studies with low methodological rigour. Recent large randomised controlled trials in adolescents demonstrate poor traction in this age group together with some adverse effects, creating a crossroads for their future. In their recent commentary on the null effects of the MYRIAD trial (Kuyken et al., 2022), Strohmaier and Bailey (2023) postulated that making mindfulness practice available within the school day may increase the dosage and benefits of MBIs for adolescents, and called for funders to direct efforts at developing and testing this approach. We agree that identifying ways to increase dose beyond weekly classroom lessons is important, but explore whether this suggestion is practical or developmentally appropriate for secondary school settings. Our commentary broadens to group together other large and moderately large RCTs that have also shown disappointing results in adolescents, and presents seven barriers that together may be compounding the lack of effect in this age group. We offer alternative suggestions for future school-based research and delivery of MBIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights a small selection of cases where cross-linguistic insights have been important to big questions in the theory of semantics and the syntax/semantics interface. The selection includes (i) the role and representation of Speaker and Addressee in the grammar; (ii) mismatches between form and interpretation motivating high-placed silent operators for functional elements; and (iii) the explanation of semantic universals, including universals pertaining to inventories, in terms of learnability and the trade-off between informativeness and simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinetoplastids are unicellular eukaryotic flagellated parasites found in a wide range of hosts within the animal and plant kingdoms. They are known to be responsible in humans for African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei), Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), and various forms of leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.), as well as several animal diseases with important economic impact (African trypanosomes, including Trypanosoma congolense). Understanding the biology of these parasites necessarily implies the ability to manipulate their genomes. In this study, we demonstrate that transfection of a ribonucleoprotein complex, composed of recombinant Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and an in vitro‐synthesized guide RNA, results in rapid and efficient genetic modifications of trypanosomatids, in marker‐free conditions. This approach was successfully developed to inactivate, delete, and mutate candidate genes in various stages of the life cycle of T. brucei and T. congolense, and Leishmania promastigotes. The functionality of SpCas9 in these parasites now provides, to the research community working on these parasites, a rapid and efficient method of genome editing, without requiring plasmid construction and selection by antibiotics but requires only cloning and PCR screening of the clones. Importantly, this approach is adaptable to any wild‐type parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a system undergoes a rapid quench from a disordered to an ordered phase, it does not order instantly but instead relaxes towards equilibrium over time. During this relaxation, the dynamical scaling hypothesis predicts that the length scale of ordered regions increases, with later patterns statistically similar to earlier ones except for a change in global scale. Quantum gases are one of many systems in which such out of equilibrium behaviour is predicted to occur. Here, we present a method for systematically testing when dynamical scaling is taking place, by quantifying the similarity of the rescaled two-point correlation function over time using the Mahalanobis distance. Data on the velocity field of a two-dimensional quantum fluid, generated from point vortex simulations, are used to illustrate the application of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyze six well‐known antebellum essays on US national identity from the perspective of their engagement with the contemporary exceptionalist discourse. My focus is on their representations of the particular and the universal, whose paradoxical relationship lies at the core of all national exceptionalisms. I approach antebellum exceptionalism as part of the history in which the authors of these texts (Emerson, Fuller, Simms, Douglass, and Delany) lived their lives and to which they responded in different ways. The analysis shows how the universal–particular duality at the core of US exceptionalism is conceived and operates in these essays' discourses of American identity. A tentative conclusion is that whenever the universal dimension of American exceptionalism is enlarged or challenged by other universal criteria, the nationalist ideology loosens its grip; conversely, its presence is stronger when particularization occurs. Furthermore, the representations of the universal and the particular in these texts are discussed in relationship with certain aspects of US exceptionalism as a cultural phenomenon of antebellum history, namely, Manifest Destiny, cultural nationalism, the concept of civilization, and the growing tensions of slavery and racial discrimination in the free states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent research suggests a concerning trend of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors emerging at younger ages (as early as age 12). Early onset of NSSI is linked to more severe outcomes. While universal school-based prevention programs have shown promise in addressing suicidal behaviors, there is limited research on their effectiveness in preventing NSSI onset among adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a universal prevention program in schools for NSSI and mental complaints while enhancing resilience and mental health in 11–14-year-old adolescents. Methods: In total, 329 Flemish secondary school students (55.6% female), aged 11 to 14 years, participated in a 4 h classroom universal prevention, with a focus on emotion regulation, mental health, and specific strategies to prevent NSSI and reduce stigma. For both the intervention and control group (N = 124), a pre-, post-, and one-month follow-up questionnaire was administered, containing reliable and valid measures for NSSI and suicidality, emotion regulation, help-seeking behaviors, well-being, and psychological distress. Results: The prevention program effectively reduced NSSI and psychological distress, particularly for adolescents with a history of NSSI. Conclusions: These findings support previous research on the effectiveness of school-based programs in reducing mental complaints and suggest promising outcomes for NSSI prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the public health framework has been implemented in schools through multi-tiered systems of support, as in Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), a prominent interpretation has been that 80% of students will benefit from universal or Tier 1 schoolwide behavior support, around 15% will require added selective or Tier 2 targeted support, and 5% will require the more intensive selective or Tier 3 intervention. The PBIS framework also emphasizes the use of tiered logic, with strengthened efforts at the universal and selective levels when student behavioral or mental health needs exceed expected levels. The prediction that 5% of students will require indicated support was based mostly on students at risk for discipline encounters (i.e., office discipline referral data) and, more recently, systematic screening data, but this percentage remains an interpretation of the public health framework. Further, epidemiologic data over the past decade show that rates of childhood mental health disorders have risen and are even higher now as schools struggle to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic—much higher than 15% and 5% for selective and indicated levels. Thus, we believe it is time to revisit projections of the number of students in need of Tier 2 and Tier 3 support. In this position paper, we review the evidence for escalating youth mental health needs and discuss the implications for the tiered prevention framework in schools. We describe strategies to expand the availability of preventive intervention supports beyond Tier 1 efforts and conclude with recommendations for practice, policy, and research in this peri-COVID recovery era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to highlight the fact that great literature of the world is not meant for entertainment only but for the proper understanding of the world around. The international Literature of the World have always been very philosophical in nature. Now the question arises what is the difference or the similarity between Philosophy and Literature? In the humble opinion of the writer of this article, this difference and similarity can be explained by the proper understanding of the Situational and Perennial Themes in Literature. For this purpose, the plays of Shakespeare (especially tragedies), the novels of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky and the short stories of Gorky and Chekov are studied. The study is fundamentally theoretical and qualitative in nature. Finally, the author recommends that one needs to understand the importance of great literature and the role of imagination; necessary for every kind of creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The implementation of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has successfully validated the safety and efficacy of the platform, while at the same time revealing the potential for their applications against other infectious diseases. Traditional seasonal influenza vaccines often induce strain specific antibody responses that offer limited protection against antigenically drifted viruses, leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. Modern advances in viral surveillance and sequencing have led to the development of in-silico methodologies for generating computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) to improve seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods: In this study, immunologically naïve mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Results: Mice vaccinated with H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines generated robust neutralizing serum antibody responses against more antigenically distinct contemporary and future drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains than those vaccinated with WT H1 and H3 HA-encoding mRNA vaccines. The H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines also prevented influenza illness, including severe disease in the mouse model against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential benefits of combining universal influenza antigen design technology with modern vaccine delivery platforms and exhibits how these vaccines can be advantageous over traditional WT vaccine antigens at eliciting superior protective antibody responses against a broader number of influenza virus isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is usually thought that guilt comes from a transgression of the norm or law. The universal reason determines to act according to the duty of a subject withdrawn within himself. The action that emanates from obedience to the law is the moral virtue of the singular. But Hegel proposes the tragedy of an opposition between two duties that compel to act, at the same time, according to them. However, in obeying one of the laws the other is transgressed. Thus, the virtue of following the law is, at the same time, transgression with respect to the other opposing law. Fate condemns Antigone to violate the law of reason, acting, however, in accordance with her duty. The ethical substance is broken, how to avoid guilt? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Increasing effectiveness and sustainability of universal school‐based eating disorder prevention is needed. This study adapted two existing selective prevention programmes for universal delivery, investigating feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects when delivered by trained teachers to classes of mixed‐gender adolescents. Method: A three‐arm controlled pilot study with Year 9 students (N = 288; Mage = 13.61 SDage =.50). Three schools in south Wales and south‐west England were allocated to mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI), dissonance‐based intervention (DBI), or classes‐as‐usual (CAU) control. Self‐reported eating disorder risk factors were collected at baseline, 6‐week post‐intervention, and 2‐month follow‐up. Focus groups were conducted post‐intervention. Results: Delivery and evaluation were feasible, allowing for flexibility in scheduling, with good retention. Student and teacher ratings indicated moderate acceptability of both interventions, with recommendations for refinement. Mixed model analyses, controlling for baseline, showed significant effects of condition across post‐intervention and follow‐up for body esteem (DBI > CAU; Cohen's d =.34) and positive affect (MBI > CAU, d =.58). For girls only, both MBI and DBI improved body satisfaction and internalization, and the MBI additionally resulted in improved weight and shape concerns, negative affect, and life disengagement (d's =.39–1.12), across post‐intervention and follow‐up. Discussion: Selective eating disorder prevention programmes based on cognitive dissonance and mindfulness can be delivered universally in schools, by teachers, allowing for appropriate flexibility necessary for real world implementation. Moderate acceptability indicates areas for improving content and delivery; positive effects on key outcomes are encouraging. These findings provide support for further robust evaluation. Public Significance: Existing universal eating disorder prevention is limited by small effects and reliance on highly trained facilitators. This study is the first to adapt mindfulness‐ and dissonance‐based interventions for delivery by teachers, to adolescents of all genders in a classroom setting. Delivery was largely feasible and acceptable, and both interventions showed significant effects across key risk factors for eating disorders, with larger effect sizes than found previously. This underpins further robust evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of human dignity means, quite simply, that every person has inherent equal worth. This incontrovertible but profound concept is derived from the body of dignity law that has developed since the end of World War II at the international, regional, national, and subnational levels, where dignity has become the central axis around which law rotates. Both the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights confirm the foundational place of the recognition of human dignity in the building of the new postwar world order. Advancing human dignity also is a central premise of the binding International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and virtually all subsequent instruments addressing human well-being. The right to dignity is guaranteed by the national constitutions of more than 160 countries. Further, courts around the globe have applied the right to dignity thousands of times in cases involving issues that matter everyday to everyday people, including involving poverty, employment, marriage, adoption, incarceration, education, safety, health, discrimination, immigration, and police brutality, and many more. The pandemic wrought by Covid-19 has tested the boundaries of dignity's role under the of law. Millions are infected. Hundreds of thousands have died. Nations have closed their borders. People are quarantined, desparate, and desparing, leading to social and economic dislocation not seen since the Great Depression. This article highlights the normative and legal dimensions of dignity, and how taking account of dignity under law can improve outcomes during the pandemic. It theorizes that, while not a cure, recognizing dignity under law can be therapeutic in these troubling times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El propósito de este ensayo es reflexionar sobre la pregunta “¿Qué es la moral?” a la luz de la importancia que juega la filosofía práctica de Kant en la génesis de la teoría del reconocimiento en el idealismo alemán. Para ello, en un primer momento (a) expondremos una síntesis de la filosofía moral kantiana. En un segundo momento (b) se da cuenta brevemente de la crítica que formula Fichte contra Kant a partir de la teoría del reconocimiento. En un tercer momento, (c) buscaremos dar cuenta de la innovación que introduce Schelling al reconocimiento, para enseguida (d) bosquejar cómo este reproche encuentra continuidad con la filosofía moral hegeliana y en la conclusión, (e) hacer una síntesis del debate como la respuesta que desde la perspectiva de Kant se podría intentar frente a ello.

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz’s theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring.

This paper proposes a physical charge-based analytical MOSFET threshold voltage model that explicitly incorporates interface-trapped charges which have been identified as playing a dominant role in defining threshold voltage trends in deep cryogenic temperatures. The model retains standard threshold voltage definition by various charges across the MOSFET capacitor while being analytical in its form, therefore, suitable for cryogenic CMOS VLSI design. Consequently, a model covering each and all above characteristics is proposed for the first time. Excellent fit between the model and measurement data from 180-nm bulk foundry devices is shown from room temperature to 4 K.

Data stream is a major data type in modern information equipment such as sensory and video/sound devices, which is fast and continuously generated without any stall cycle. Due to artificial intelligence becoming a common tool to extend application domain for information equipment, reduction of streaming data via communication path is an emerged and crucial theme targeted to support fast and large data migration among edge devices and cloud servers for IoT applications. This paper proposes a novel lossless compression algorithm based on digram coding scheme called universal Adaptive Stream-based Entropy (ASE) coding. It handles data stream with an instant entropy calculation according to table occupation ratio and provides a universal compression mechanism by matching multiple data units in data stream. It organizes a compression pipeline of multiple ASE coding modules that scans a data stream and performs encoding from multiple data units into at least a single bit of a compressed data without pipeline stall. Universal ASE coding is suitable for hardware implementation with configurable pipeline depth and resource size of the comp/decompression module. This paper describes organization of the pipeline and the control mechanisms of the comp/decompression. The evaluation reveals effective compression performances according to the effective compression mechanism and optimization techniques.

Objetivo. Este ensayo, plantea una propuesta de escritura, denominada ensayo literario teatralizado, con una estructura, que como metodología, utiliza en una mixtura, los recursos literarios de un ensayo y la dramaturgia. Discusión. La propuesta, de unir dos géneros literarios, muestra una opción literaria, como una alternativa a discutir, que pueda dar respuesta a la necesidad que tiene la ciencia por proponer géneros literarios que ayuden a su comprensión y la acerquen a la ciudadanía no erudita, que se ejemplifica en un caso práctico, que discute la disyuntiva entre formar profesionales universales o con especialización en universidades. Conclusión. Como resultado, se obtiene un ensayo, que puede usar libremente los atributos del ensayo, mezclados con la riqueza de la dramaturgia, presentado a través de un caso práctico, que analiza, para la educación de profesionales de la ingeniería, si es más atingente una formación específica o una formación más universal.

Are the characteristics of life as we know it universal? This paper explores the universality of life characteristics as we know them on Earth and addresses the “N=1 problem” – the challenge of making inferences about extraterrestrial life based on a single sample of life. We discuss Carol Cleland's proposal of a “Shadow Biosphere”, a hypothetical second biosphere with different biochemical and/or molecular features with respect to our known biosphere. This work critically examines Cleland's proposal, considering criticisms and possible cosmic scenarios, such as the Impact-Bottleneck hypothesis, suggesting that catastrophic events, like the Late Heavy Bombardment, may have influenced the evolution of life on Earth and the potential existence of a shadow biosphere. We also explore the habitability of celestial bodies in our solar system, such as Europa, Enceladus, and Titan, as potential targets for testing the universality of life characteristics. The conclusion highlights the importance of ongoing research on these environments to provide insights into the existence of a shadow biosphere and the universality of life beyond Earth.

In this Dossier, four scholars reflect on Nicholas Onuf's leading article, 'Metaphoricizing modernity', (re)engaging with - and celebrating - more broadly Onuf's groundbreaking work from different places, perspectives, and angles. Part III (re)engages with (his) reconfigurations of Modernity and/as metaphor(s), including an extensive, and much careful response from Onuf to those four scholars and their (re)readings published in this Dossier: Celebrating Nicholas Onuf. Michael Marks is the fourth scholar to engage with and reflect on Onuf's leading article, and his work more broadly. Marks reads Onuf's essay on metaphoricising modernity as an invitation to see modernity in terms of its metaphorical qualities; that is, as an opportunity to reflect not only on modernity, but on the nature of metaphors and how they figure in scholarly inquiry. More specifically, for him, Onuf's characterization of modernity as embodying notions of forward motion and territorial physicality is one of the main insights of his essay that could be further explored with additional theoretical analysis. Nicholas Onuf closes this Part and the Dossier more broadly, carefully engaging with and responding to the contributions of Victor Coutinho Lage (in Part I), Manuela Trindade Viana (in Part II), Roberto Vilchez Yamato (in Part II), and Michael Marks (in Part III). Rethinking reconfiguration as a general, constitutive process, Onuf (re)engages with modernization and modernity's universal ethos, while responding to his postcolonial critics and their (re)readings of his highly generalized model of world-making. In so doing, Onuf also (re)engages with the concept and conceptualization of metaphors, repositioning his work and stance as a form of 'embodied anti-realism'. For him, old ontologies never die; like metaphors, they just layer up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Research / İslâmi Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkey Economical & Cultural Solidarity (TEK-DAV) Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, what path to choose, what to pay attention to in terms of educating the youth of our republic as a comprehensively developed person. It is necessary to pay attention to what should be done to achieve a positive result, as well as to the teachings of our holy book of the Quran on education, to the views of great thinkers on the education of the younger generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urine drug screen (UDS) is a useful test conducted in patients receiving opioids for chronic pain to aid in validating patient adherence to opioid treatment and to detect any nonmedical opioid use (NMOU). One controversial topic regarding its use in palliative care is whether to conduct the test universally and randomly in all patients who are receiving opioids for chronic pain irrespective of their level of risk for NMOU, or to conduct the test selectively in only those with a high risk for engaging in NMOU behaviors. In this "Controversies in Palliative Care" article, 3 expert clinicians independently answer this question. Specifically, each expert provides a synopsis of the key studies that inform their thought processes, share practical advice on their clinical approach, and highlight the opportunities for future research. They all agreed that UDS has some utility in routine palliative care practice but acknowledged the insufficient existing evidence supporting its efficacy. They also underscored the need to improve clinician proficiency in UDS interpretation to enhance its utility. Two experts endorsed random UDS in all patients receiving opioids regardless of their risk profile while the other expert recommended targeted UDS until there is more clinical evidence to support universal, random testing. Use of more methodologically robust study designs in UDS research, examination of the cost-effectiveness of UDS tests, development of innovative programs to manage NMOU behaviors, and investigation of the impact of improved clinician proficiency in UDS interpretation on clinical outcomes, were important areas of future research that the experts identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the largest test of a school-based mindfulness programme to date, the My Resilience In Adolescence (MYRIAD) trial, found that participating in weekly mindfulness lessons did not improve students' well-being compared to teaching as usual, with low uptake of recommended home mindfulness practice. One potential explanation for the null result and low uptake is that adolescents might be unlikely to adhere to home mindfulness practice recommendations when choosing between mindfulness and their graded homework or more stimulating activities. Indeed, many studies of school-based mindfulness programmes have reported low adherence to home practice recommendations. Home practice recommendations also create equity issues, as many students may find it difficult to make the time for home mindfulness practice, a factor that is more likely to affect students who are disadvantaged. As such, we argue in this article that research needs to test whether school-based mindfulness programmes that make mindfulness practice time available in the school day result in higher adherence to mindfulness practice recommendations, and whether these programmes are effective at improving student mental health. Unfortunately, very little research has examined how much mindfulness practice is required to obtain meaningful effects. We summarise the small volume of mindfulness dose-response literature to provide guidelines for how much school-based mindfulness practice might be sufficient and provide suggestions for further testing. While making mindfulness practice time available in the school day may be difficult to implement, its efficacy is currently untested. Youth mental health remains a critical issue, providing strong justification for testing whether mindfulness practice made available in the school day results in better outcomes, despite the challenges posed in pursuing this research avenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian clinical practice guidelines currently recommend risk-based screening for HCV in pregnant individuals. However, no provinces or territories have ever compared the effectiveness of risk-based vs. universal screening for the prenatal diagnosis of HCV. We aimed to evaluate and compare HCV screening programs after implementing a universal population-level pilot program among prenatal patients in Alberta, Canada. The Alberta Prenatal Screening Program for Select Communicable Diseases was amended to include universal HCV antibody screening. Cohorts of pregnant individuals screened for HCV through risk-based or universal programs were generated over 1-year periods. HCV screening rates and prevalence were analyzed and compared between cohorts to evaluate the effectiveness of screening methods. Social and demographic risk factors for HCV-positive individuals were compared between screening cohorts to identify which populations may be overlooked with risk-based guidelines. HCV antibody screening rates were 11.9% and 99.9% among pregnant individuals in the risk-based and universal cohorts, respectively. HCV prevalence among the cohorts was 0.07% and 0.11% (difference = 0.04%, p = 0.032), with an average of 21 additional HCV-positive pregnant individuals identified annually with universal screening. HCV-positive pregnant patients diagnosed through universal screening were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviours/sex work compared to those diagnosed through risk-based screening (47.6% vs. 12.5%, respectively p = 0.035), suggesting that these high-risk cases are being missed by risk-based screening. Universal HCV screening diagnoses significantly higher numbers of pregnant individuals infected with HCV compared to risk-based screening. Universal HCV screening or amending risk-based guidelines to incorporate more proxy variables for risk factors should be considered to improve prenatal HCV screening guidelines in Canada and help achieve HCV elimination in the next decade. HCV is a bloodborne pathogen that can cause severe liver disease and be vertically transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals in Alberta are currently only tested for HCV if they disclose engaging in activities that put them at risk of acquiring the infection (risk-based screening). Using a population-wide universal prenatal HCV screening program, our work shows that testing based on patient disclosed risk alone leads to the significant underdiagnosis of HCV in pregnant individuals and suggests individuals engaging in sex work or risky sexual behaviours are being overlooked by the current risk-based program. Our outcomes represent the first province-wide study to evaluate and compare prenatal HCV risk-based and universal screening programs in Canada and provide evidence to support the update of prenatal HCV screening policies across the country and in similar jurisdictions. [Display omitted] • Risk-based screening leads to significant underdiagnosis of prenatal HCV. • Universal screening captures more individuals engaging in high-risk sex behaviours. • Significantly more new HCV cases are identified with universal screening. • The prenatal prevalence of HCV is similar to that of HBV and double that of HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking its cue from the Vatican II (1961-5 A.D.) document Nostra Aetate (1965 A.D.), this essay argues that contemporary Catholic anthropology can be classified as 'personalistic' since it is properly governed by the complementary doctrines of Universal Divine Goodness, viz., that God the Creator leads each person to beatitude and, following from that, a teaching of objective teleology, viz., that each person has permanent union with God the Creator as his/her ultimate purpose. The latter teaching follows from the first since if it is held that God creates each person for beatitude, it is thereby implied that each person is structured for that end. All this stands against an inherited doctrine of Catholic anthropology that also contained teachings of Limited Divine Goodness, viz., that God the Creator only leads some to beatitude and, following from that, a doctrine of subjective teleology, viz., that some persons do not have permanent union with God the Creator as his/her ultimate purpose. This essay argues for the personalistic teaching, i.e., for the universal application of Divine Goodness and objective teleology, by analyzing three essays certain Catholic philosophers published in advance of Vatican II. While two of these are by Jacques Maritain (1882-1973 A.D.), the other is by Karol Wojtyla (1920-2005 A.D.). Despite the material differences in their essays, these authors argue for the personalistic doctrine mentioned above, and their principal thesis is further supported by considering certain writings of Wojtyla promulgated before and while he held the office of Roman Catholic Pope (1978-2005 A.D.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this Dossier, four scholars reflect on Nicholas Onuf’s leading article, ‘Metaphoricizing modernity’, (re)engaging with – and celebrating – more broadly Onuf’s groundbreaking work from different places, perspectives, and angles. Part III (re)engages with (his) reconfigurations of Modernity and/as metaphor(s), including an extensive, and much careful response from Onuf to those four scholars and their (re)readings published in this Dossier: Celebrating Nicholas Onuf. Michael Marks is the fourth scholar to engage with and reflect on Onuf’s leading article, and his work more broadly. Marks reads Onuf’s essay on metaphoricising modernity as an invitation to see modernity in terms of its metaphorical qualities; that is, as an opportunity to reflect not only on modernity, but on the nature of metaphors and how they figure in scholarly inquiry. More specifically, for him, Onuf’s characterization of modernity as embodying notions of forward motion and territorial physicality is one of the main insights of his essay that could be further explored with additional theoretical analysis. Nicholas Onuf closes this Part and the Dossier more broadly, carefully engaging with and responding to the contributions of Victor Coutinho Lage (in Part I), Manuela Trindade Viana (in Part II), Roberto Vilchez Yamato (in Part II), and Michael Marks (in Part III). Rethinking reconfiguration as a general, constitutive process, Onuf (re)engages with modernization and modernity’s universal ethos, while responding to his postcolonial critics and their (re)readings of his highly generalized model of world-making. In so doing, Onuf also (re)engages with the concept and conceptualization of metaphors, repositioning his work and stance as a form of ‘embodied anti-realism’. For him, old ontologies never die; like metaphors, they just layer up.

BackgroundThe implementation of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has successfully validated the safety and efficacy of the platform, while at the same time revealing the potential for their applications against other infectious diseases. Traditional seasonal influenza vaccines often induce strain specific antibody responses that offer limited protection against antigenically drifted viruses, leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. Modern advances in viral surveillance and sequencing have led to the development of in-silico methodologies for generating computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) to improve seasonal influenza vaccines.MethodsIn this study, immunologically naïve mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).ResultsMice vaccinated with H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines generated robust neutralizing serum antibody responses against more antigenically distinct contemporary and future drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains than those vaccinated with WT H1 and H3 HA-encoding mRNA vaccines. The H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines also prevented influenza illness, including severe disease in the mouse model against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential benefits of combining universal influenza antigen design technology with modern vaccine delivery platforms and exhibits how these vaccines can be advantageous over traditional WT vaccine antigens at eliciting superior protective antibody responses against a broader number of influenza virus isolates.

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology is the best suited technology for the nanocomputing applications. The limitations of the conventional transistors in nanoscale region can be removed by QCA nanotechnology. Hence, this paper proposes a novel design and implementation of a 3 × 3 universal and reversible gate in QCA nanotechnology. The proposed gate requires only 39 cells and has a total area of 0.029 µm2 with a latency of 0.25. The proposed gate is evaluated for the various possible defects and the performance parameters. The proposed gate is also compared with the existing gates and the proposed gate is established as the most efficient and productive.

Neha P Godbole,1 Margaret Koester,1 Erin N Marcus2 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USACorrespondence: Neha P Godbole, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA, Tel +1 305 243 9678, Email ngodbole@med.miami.eduAbstract: Hypothyroidism is a common disease that is more prevalent in female populations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evidence, risks, and benefits of screening asymptomatic women for hypothyroidism. There is lack of evidence to support clinical management of asymptomatic individuals with an elevated TSH and normal serum thyroxine levels. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, especially the elderly, are at risk of overtreatment. Given these considerations, the majority of US and UK professional organizations do not support universal screening. Many do offer caveats for special groups, including pregnant people, who may need screening if there are clinical symptoms or family history of autoimmune disease. In conclusion, targeted screening may be best recommended based on risk factors, symptoms, and clinical suspicion, rather than at a universal level.Keywords: asymptomatic, subclinical, overt, universal