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Seven diterpenoid alkaloids : delcosine(1), delsoline(2), gigactonine(3), lycoctonine(4), takaosamine(5), atisine(6) and hetisinone(7) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Consolida regalis subsp. paniculata var. paniculata. The presence of compounds 1,2,5,6 and 7 in this plant has not been previously reported.

Introduction The phytochemical and biological studies carried out on Salvia species showed that their extracts and constituents have various biological activities. Objective The aim of this study was the isolation of diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia barrelieri Ettling and the determination of the antioxidant activity. Methodology Chromatographic methods were used for fractionation and isolation, respectively. Structure elucidation was established by spectroscopic methods. Five antioxidant assays were performed. Results Three new abietane diterpenoids barreliol, royleanone 12-methyl ether and 7-epi-salviviridinol, and six known diterpenoids, with a known dammarane triterpenoid, pyxinol were isolated. The absolute stereochemistry of pyxinol was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Conclusion Taxodione exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the tested compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Although there are a number of Haplophyllum species in the world, H. acutifolium (DC.) G. Don, H. buxbaumii (Poiret) G.Don, H. buxbaumii (Poiret) G.Don, subsp. Buxbaumii, H. cappadocium Spach, H. glabrinum, H. hispanicum Sprach, H. myrtifolium Boiss., H. patavinum (L.) G. D. ON. fil., H. perforatum (M.B.) Vved., H. ptilostylum Spach, H. suaveolens (DC.) G.Don, H. telephioides Boiss., H. thesioides (Fisch ex DC.) G. Don, H. tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. and H. vulcanicum Boiss. & Heldr. were most studied and a lot of compounds isolated. Only alkaloids, coumarins and lignans of these species are mentioned in this article. In addition some volatile components of H. tuberculatum were also given

Salvia hypargeia. Fisch. et Mey. (Lamiaceae) root extract, among 16 Salvia. extracts, showed the highest activity against the human ovarian cancer cell line. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of this plant extract has yielded four abietane-type diterpenes [5,6-didehydro-7-hydroxytaxodone (1), 14-deoxycoleon U (= 6-hydroxysalvinolone) (2), demethylcryptojaponol (3), and salvicanaric acid (4)] two triterpenes (lupeol and lupeol-3-acetate), and a fatty acid mixture consisting mainly of palmitic acid (51.6%) and palmitoleic acid (6.4%). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be active against A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with IC50 values of 3.9 and 1.2 μ g/mL, respectively, and the fatty acid composition was the most active part of the extract (IC50 = 0.6 μ g/mL).

In our continuing studies on Lamiaceae family plants including Salvia, Teucrium, Ajuga, Sideritis, Nepeta and Lavandula growing in Anatolia, many terpenoids, consisting of over 50 distinct triterpenoids and steroids, and over 200 diterpenoids, several sesterterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids along with many flavonoids and other phenolic compounds have been isolated. For Salvia species abietanes, for Teucrium and Ajuga species neo-clerodanes for Sideritis species ent-kaurane diterpenes are characteristic while nepetalactones are specific for Nepeta species. In this review article, only some interesting and different type of skeleton having constituents, namely rearranged, nor- or rare diterpenes, isolated from these species will be presented. For structure elucidation of these natural diterpenoids intensive one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques (1H, 13C, APT, DEPT, NOE/NOESY, 1H–1H COSY, HETCOR, COLOC, HMQC/HSQC, HMBC, SINEPT) were used besides mass and some other spectroscopic methods.

Acetone and methanol extracts of the fruits of Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus L. were studied for their antioxidant activity by investigating their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, β-carotene bleaching potential, DPPH radical scavenging effect, scavenging activity on superoxide anion radical, reducing power, and metal chelating effect on ferrous ion. Both extracts showed very similar chemical profile by checking on TLC plates, and exhibited high scavenging activity on superoxide anion radical and DPPH radical. Due to these similarities they were combined and fractionated on a silica gel column for their constituents, and the most active three fractions in DPPH assay were purified to afford a new flavone 6′-hydroxyhypolaetin 3′-methyl ether (1) besides a group of known flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, quercetin, quercetagetin 3-methyl ether 7-O-glucoside, isoscutellarein 8-O-glucoside. Their structures were established by UV, UV shift reagents, and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Antioxidant activity of the new flavone was investigated by β-carotene bleaching and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods, and it showed a high activity in the first system, but not so good in the latter.

Centaurea ptosimopappoides was previously investigated by our groupand the presence of two new triterpenes were reported. The rare occurrence ofthis type compounds in the plants prompted us to further investigation of Centaurea ptosimopappoides. In this work we report the isolation and structure determination of an aromatic glycoside which was found in the genus Centaureafor the first time. The structure of the compound was determined by spectralmethods.The genus Centaul-ea contains various types of compounds, therefore its has been the subject of many chemical investigations. Sesquiterpene lactones, acetylenes, flavonoids and coumarins are the main secondary metabolites of this genus. In a part of our continuing research on the chemistry of Centaurea species, we have studied Centaurea ptosimopappoides Wagenitz, a plant endemic to Turkey, which is widely distributed in the southern part of Anatolia. Previous investigation with the roots of this species, we reported the presence of two new triterpenoids of which one was a baccharane type triterpene, occurs rare in nature, Centaurea ptosimopappoides bitkisi daha once grubumuz tarafmdan q&- 91hg ve iki yeni triterpen bilegiginin molekiiler yapllan agdclanrmgtlr. Bu tip bilegiklerin bitkilerde ender bulunmas~ nedeniyle Centaurea ptosimopappoides t6riini.i kirnyasal balumdan tekrar inceledik. Bu gahgmarmzda aromatik glikozit yapls~ndaki bir bilegik elde ettik. Bu bilegik bir Centaurea tiiriinden ilk kez elde edilrnektedir. Bilegib yap1 tayininde spektroskopik yonternlerden yararlmlmgtlr. Centaurea ptosimopappoides bitkisi daha once grubumuz tarafmdan q&- 91hg ve iki yeni triterpen bilegiginin molekiiler yapllan agdclanrmgtlr. Bu tip bilegiklerin bitkilerde ender bulunmas~ nedeniyle Centaurea ptosimopappoides t6riini.i kirnyasal balumdan tekrar inceledik. Bu gahgmarmzda aromatik glikozit yapls~ndaki bir bilegik elde ettik. Bu bilegik bir Centaurea tiiriinden ilk kez elde edilrnektedir. Bilegib yap1 tayininde spektroskopik yonternlerden yararlmlmgtlr.

Seven flavonoids, six of them being known compounds, named apigenin,kaempferol 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3, 7-dirhamnoside, kaempferol7-rhamnoside and the new derivative of kaempferol: kaempferol7-methyl ether 3-rhamnoside were obtained from the polar fractions of Cleome amblyocarpa. Theirstructures were determined by spectral and chemical methods.Cleome amblyocalpa and C. brachycarpa are used as folk medicine for the treatment of scabies, abdominal and rheumatic pains, fever and inflammation (1-5). In recent studies on the extracts of C. amblyocarpa (=C. afiicana) the subchronic effects (6), and antidiabetic activity in rats (7), as well as the anti-inflamatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities (8) were studied., Cleome amblyocarpa'hm polar fraksiyonlarrndan yedi flavonoit bilegik elde edildi, alti tanesi daha once elde edilmis olan flavonoitler apigenin, kamferol3-glikozit, kersetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, izoramnetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, kamferol 3,7-diramnozit, kamferol7-ramnozit ve bir yeni kamferol tiirevi: kamferol7-metil eter 3-ramnozittir. Bu bilegiklerin yapllari spektral ve kimyasal metodlarla bulunmugtur. Cleome amblyocarpa'hm polar fraksiyonlarrndan yedi flavonoit bilegik elde edildi, alti tanesi daha once elde edilmis olan flavonoitler apigenin, kamferol3-glikozit, kersetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, izoramnetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, kamferol 3,7-diramnozit, kamferol7-ramnozit ve bir yeni kamferol tiirevi: kamferol7-metil eter 3-ramnozittir. Bu bilegiklerin yapllari spektral ve kimyasal metodlarla bulunmugtur.

Three flavonoids, apigenin, apigenin 7-0-glucoside and chrysoeriol, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Bal. Salvia species have been extensively investigated (1-4) because of their potent therapeutic activities (5). In previous phytochernical studies of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Bal. the isolation of three new diterpenoids, 10-acetylferruginol, 5, 1 1, 12-trihydroxyabieta-8, 1 1, 13-triene (1) and microstegiol (2) and also the isolation of two known diterpenoids, ferruginol and pisiferal have been reported. Microstegiol has been found to show cytotoxic activity. In this study the flavonoids of Salvia micl-ostegia have been investigated. The interest in the chemistry of flavonoids is due to their various influences on biological phenol mena (6). Some have been shown to increase capillary resistance and prevent haemorrhages; others have antibiotic, antitumor or oestrogenic effects

The roots of an endemic Salvia species, Salvia aucheri var. canescens Boiss.and HeIdr. have been investigated and a new aromatic ester together with two diterpenoids, a triterpenoid and a steroidal compound were isolated. The structures of the new and the known compounds were determined by spectral methods and by TLC comparision with authentic samples except for the new compound.Key words: Salvia aucheri var. canescens Boiss. and Heldr.; Labiatae; aromaticester; terpenoidal compounds., The roots of an endemic Salvia species, Salvia auclzeli var. cailesceits Boiss.and HeIdr. have been investigated and a new aromatic ester together with two diterpenoids, a triterpenoid and a steroidal compound were isolated. The structures of the new andthe known compounds were determined by spectral methods and by IZC comparisionwith authentic samples except for the new compound.

Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Ozturk, Mehmet/0000-0001-8932-4535; Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Kolak, Ufuk/0000-0002-0339-635X WOS: 000249059900016 The methanol extract of Salvia macrochlamys Boiss. and Kotschy was fractionated on a silica gel column to yield a group of terpenic compounds. After separation and cleaning, seven known and three new terpenoid compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including intensive NMR and MS studies. The crude extract was tested in five different systems for antioxidant activity. The extract and monogynol A ( 1) and its three derivatives (2-4) were found to be highly active in a metal chelating test system on ferrous ions.

From the roots of Delphinium linearilobum (Trautv.) N. Busch two new norditerpene alkaloids linearilobin and linearilin, and the known alkaloids lycoctonine, 14-acetyltalatizamine, browniine, cammaconine, talatizamine, and cochlearenine were isolated. Spectroscopic techniques were used for structure determination. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and metal chelating activity assays. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The vascular effect of salvigenin (6-hydroxyapigenin 6,7,4' -trimethyl ether), a natural flavone, was investigated in comparison with another flavone, 6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4' -tetramethyl ether in rat aortic rings. Cumulative addition of their increasing concentrations (10(-9)-10(-4)M) produced graded relaxations on rings precontracted with noradrenaline (10(-6) M) and KCl (40 mM). The maximal relaxations induced by flavones were similar, however, based on their pEC50 values salvigenin displayed a higher potency than 6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether. Endothelium removal markedly reduced the relaxations to salvigenin while the responses to 6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether were partially affected. In addition, a significant decrease was observed in maximal responsiveness and sensitivity to flavones in the presence of L-NOARG, a NO synthase inhibitor. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin significantly inhibited the relaxations to salvigenin, but not altered the responses to 6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether. Our results provide evidence that salvigenin is an effective flavone in causing vasorelaxation which appears to be mediated by endothelium derived NO and prostacyclin. Whereas, the other flavone, 6-hydroxyluteolin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether induced relaxant responses are partially endothelium, presumably NO mediated.

The three new triterpenes (1-3) and five known triterpenes and a sterol were isolated from the acetone extract of a Turkish collection of Salvia kronenburgii. The structures of the new triterpenes were established as 1beta,2alpha-dihydroxy-3beta-acetoxy-11-oxours-12-ene (1), 2alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-3beta-acetoxyurs-9(11),12-diene (2), and 1beta,2alpha-dihydroxy-3beta-acetoxyurs-9(11),12-diene (3) on the basis of spectral analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. It is probable that compounds 2 and 3 are artifacts from dehydration of the corresponding allylic alcohols. 1beta,2alpha,3beta,11alpha-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene (5), the most abundant compound in the extract, was found to be highly cytotoxic to renal, non-small cell lung, and breast cancer cell lines.

Seven Salvia species were investigated recently for their chemical and biological activities. Some terpenoidal compounds exhibited cardiovascular and antibacterial activities. A number of new diterpenoids were obtained and their structures were established through extensive spectral analysis.

The methanol extract of Plantago major subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange afforded 4 known compounds, namely isomartynoside (1), 10-hydroxymajoroside (2), b -sitosterol (3), and ursolic acid (4). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. After determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the methanol extract, the antioxidant potentials of the crude extract and isolated compounds 1-4 were determined by b -carotene bleaching, DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity methods. The methanol extract, rich in phenolic contents, indicated the same DPPH free radical scavenging activity (72% inhibition) as a standard compound, butylated hydroxytoluene, at 100 m g/mL. Isomartynoside (1), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, showed the best inhibition of lipid peroxidation, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity among the tested samples. The anticholinesterase effects of the methanol extract and isolated compounds 1-4 were established using the Ellman method. A triterpenic acid, ursolic acid (4), exhibited moderate acetyl- (54.01 \pm 0.82%) and butyryl-cholinesterase (68.74 \pm 0.36%) inhibitory activity at 200 m g/mL. Isomartynoside (1) was isolated here for the first time from a Plantago species; the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of P. major subsp. intermedia and compounds 1-2 were not previously determined.

Two triterpenoids, namely 2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23), 12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (1) and ursolic acid (2); 4. avonoids, namely 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), cirsimaritin (4), eupatilin (5), and salvigenin (6); a diterpenoid, namely sclareol (7); and a steroid, namely beta-sitosterol (8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia poculata Nab., a Turkish endemic Salvia species. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) was established using beta-carotene bleaching, superoxide anion radical, and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anticholinesterase activity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was determined. The phytochemistry and antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of S. poculata were investigated for the first time in this study. The crude extract of S. poculata exhibited a significant antioxidant effect as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Ursolic acid (2) and cirsimaritin (4) possessed high butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. AbstractTwo triterpenoids, namely 2α,3α-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (1) and ursolic acid(2); 4 flavonoids, namely 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone (3), cirsimaritin (4), eupatilin (5), and salvigenin(6); a diterpenoid, namely sclareol (7); and a steroid, namely β -sitosterol (8), were isolated from the aerialparts of Salvia poculata Nab., a Turkish endemic Salvia species. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofthe crude extract were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. The antioxidantactivity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) was established using β -carotene bleaching,superoxide anion radical, and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anticholinesteraseactivity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was determined. The phytochemistry and antioxidant andanticholinesterase activities of S. poculata were investigated for the first time in this study. The crudeextract of S. poculata exhibited a significant antioxidant effect as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitoryactivity. Ursolic acid (2) and cirsimaritin (4) possessed high butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.Key Words: Salvia poculata; Lamiaceae; antioxidant activity; anticholinesterase activity.

Euphorbia heteradena Jaub. & Spach (Euphorbiaceae), a plant endemic to Turkey, has not been investigated previously. The CH2Cl2 extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia heteradena yielded 24-methylenecycloartanol, cycloart-25-en-3b ,24-diol, cycloart-22-en-3b ,25-diol, vomifoliol, vomifoliol 9-O-b -D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,3'-tri-O-methoxy ellagic acid, syringic acid and scopoletin. The structures of the isolates were identified by high field spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Ozturk, Mehmet/0000-0001-8932-4535; Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545 WOS: 000321817800011 The hexane and dichloromethane extracts, obtained by re-extraction of the methanol extract of Salvia fruticosa Mill., afforded 7 diterpenoids (carnosol, carnosic acid, carnosic acid 12-methyl ether, rosmadial, isorosmanol, ferruginol, and manool), 4 triterpenoids (alpha-amyryltetracosanoate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and erythrodiol), a steroid (3-acetylsitosterol), and a flavone (salvigenin). The galls (apples) of the collected plant were separately extracted with hexane to afford fatty acids composed mainly of oleic acid (29%), palmitoleic acid (29%), and stearic acid (23.20%), which exhibited high anticholinesterase activity, particularly against BChE. The essential oil, obtained from the aerial parts of the plant, exhibited high AChE inhibitory activity, consisting of mainly 1,8-cineol (58.89%). The antioxidant activity according to 6 complementary tests and anticholinesterase potential of the methanol extracts and triterpenoids alpha-amyryltetracosanoate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and sitosterol acetate were also investigated, and methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity, surpassing the other tested extracts and pure compounds. Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK - TBAG - 107T592] This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK - TBAG - 107T592).

From the roots of Saliva caespitosa Montbret and Aucher ex. Bentham a new diterpene 6beta-hydroxyisopimaric acid (1) has been isolated together with four known diterpenes, one new triterpenoid, 3-acetylvergatic acid (2), as well as five known triterpenoids, two steroids and a flavone. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were tested against standard bacterial strains. Only the new diterpene, 6beta-hydroxyisopimaric acid has strong activity (MIC 9 microg/ml) against S. aureus and (MIC 18 microg/ml) against S. epidermidis as well as against B. subtilis (MIC 9 microg/ml).

From the roots of Salvia bracteata Banks and Sol. in Russell, Aleppo. two new diterpenoids Salvibracteone ( 1 ) and bractealine ( 2 ) have been isolated together with eight known diterpenoids. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. The diterpenoids and the crude extract were tested against standard bacterial strains.The crude extract, the new compound bractealine ( 1 ), and the known compound horminone showed activity against B. subtilis , S. aureus , and S. epidermidis . Ferruginol had slight activity against these strains.

A new norditerpenoid and six new triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Salvia kronenburgii. The new diterpenoid was kronenquinone (1). The new triterpenoids were 1β,2α,3β,11α-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-ene (2), 1β,2α,3β,11α-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-ene (3), 2α-acetoxy-urs-5,12-diene-3β,11α-diol (4), 3α-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1β,11α-diol (5), 1β,3α,11α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (6), 2α,3β,11α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (7), and the known triterpenes 3β-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1β,2α,11α-triol (8) and 3β-acetoxyolean-12-ene-1β,2α,11α-triol (9). Structures were determined by NMR and MS techniques.

From the aerial parts of Delphinium carduchorum, we have isolated three known norditerpenoid alkaloids (delcaroline, deltatsine, 18-hydroxy-14-O-methyl-gadesine) and two new diterpenoid alkaloids, carduchoron and delcarduchol. The structures of the newly isolated alkaloids were established from spectroscopic data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

From the aerial parts of Delphinium crispulum five known norditerpenoid alkaloids, deltatsine, browniine, karakoline, ezochasmanine and isotalatizidine, and the C20 alkaloid hetisine as well as two new compounds, crispulidine and delphicrispuline, were isolated. Structures of the newly isolated alkaloids were established by spectroscopic methods.

Ten diterpenoids [6a-hydroxysalvinolone (1), 6 alpha-hydroxytaxodone (2), aethiopinone (3), microstegiol (4). ferruginol (5), saprorthoquinone (6, 11,12-dioxoabieta-8,13-diene (7), taxodione (8), hypargenin A (9), hypargenin D (10)] and three triterpenoids [lupeol 3-acetate, delta-oleanol 3-acetate and beta-sitosterol] were isolated from the roots of Salvia hypargeia, a plant Endemic to Turkey. The crude extract and compounds 1-2, 5-10 were tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines [human breast cancer (BC 1), human lung cancer (LU 2), human colon cancer (COL 2), human epidermoidal carcinoma in mouth (KB), vinblastine-resistant ICB-VI, hormone-dependent human prostate cancer (LNCaP)] as well as P388 and ASK cells in culture. The crude extract was active in all of the rest systems, except KB. Isolates 1 and 8 were also found to mediate a generalized cytotoxic response.

From the aerial parts of Delphinium pyrimadale a new norditerpenoid alkaloid, 8-acetylcondelphine, has been isolated, together with the known alkaloids isotalatizidine, condelphine and senbusine C. The structure of the new alkaloid was established on the basis of 1H, 13C, APT, DEPT homonuclear COSY, HETCOR and COLOC NMR spectral studies and by chemical reactions.

From the aerial parts of Delphinium uncinatum a new diterpenoid uncinatine and four known norditerpenoid alkaloids have been isolated. By spectral data ( 1 H and 13 C NMR) the known compounds were established as 14-acetylperegrine, 14-acetylvirescenine, condelphine and delbrusine. The structure of the new alkaloid was deduced by 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

From the roots of Salvia multicaulis, four new aromatic norditerpenoids, multicaulin (1), 12-demethylmulticauline (2), multiorthoquinone (3), and 12-demethylmultiorthoquinone (4), two new abietane diterpenoids, 12-methyl-5-dehydrohorminone (5) and 12-methyl-5-dehydroacetylhorminone (6), as well as a new pimarane diterpenoid, salvipimarone (7), were isolated. Also obtained in this investigation were the known compounds alpha-amyrin, hinokione, horminone, lupeol, manool, 1-oxoferruginol, 18-oxoferruginol, pisiferal, and sempervirol. The structures of compounds 1-7 were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and by chemical methods. The antituberculous activity of 1-7 was tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and all compounds were found to be significantly active, with 2 and 4-6 being the most potent substances. Six of these novel compounds were evaluated against a number of additional bacterial cultures.

Rivanolün bozunma şartlan incelendi. Bozunma ürünlerinin UV ve IR spektrumları rivanolünkilerle mukayese edildi. Ayrıca bozun­ma ürünlerinin bakterilere karşı olan etkileri dört değişik bakteri cinsinde, 8. aeruginosa, 8. aureus, K. pneumoniae ve E. coli de, rivanolünki ile kıyaslandı.

In a previous paper (1), it was reported that no work was done with P. decora Anders. According to a new survey in the literature, it was found that there is one paper on the roots of P. decorate), but no work was done with its leaves.The ethanolic extract of the leaves had an activity ED50 3.5X0 against cell culture 9KB test system (3).The aim of this study was to find the active compounds of the plant as well as the other compounds.

Özet I:Crataegus monogyna'nm petrol eteri ve benzen-kloroform ekstre-lerinden bir alkaloidal karışım ve sekiz bileşik elde edildi. Bu mad­deler n-triakontan, nonakosanol-1, ^-sitosterol, ursolik asit, meçhul bir triterpenik keto alkol, krategolik asit, kaffeik asit ve oleonolik asittir. Elde edilen alkaloidal karışım incelenmemiştir. Bitkinin alkollü ekstre-si 9KB in vitro test sisteminde antitümör aktivite göstermişse de, aktivite bu fraksiyonlardan ziyade polar fraksiyonlarda olmalıdır.Özet II:Crataegus monogyna'mn alkol, sulu alkol ve suda çözünen frak­siyonları incelendi ve lökosiyanidin, kersetin, kamferol ve rutin izole ve teşhis edildi. Ayrıca elde edilen iki flavon glikozidinin şeker kı­sımları galaktoz olarak bulundu, fakat aglikon kısımları tespit edile­medi. Sulu kısımdan izole edilen asetilflavon glikozidin muhtelif bul­gulara dayanarak asetilviteksin-4-glukozit olduğu tahmin edilmekte­dir.

From the aerial parts of Salvia limbata, two new diterpenes (limbinal and acetyllimbinol) and two new dinorsesterterpenes (6-dehydroxy-yosgadensonol and 6-dehydroxy-13-epi-yosgadensonol) were isolated in addition to eight known terpenoids and four flavonoids. The structures of the new and the known compounds were established by spectral data.

From the aerial parts of Salvia yosgadensis we have obtained two new sesterterpenes, yosgadensolide A (6α,14-dihydroxymanoyloxide-15,17-dien-16,19-olide) and yosgadensolide B (6α,16-dihydroxymanoyloxide-14,17-dien-16,19-olide) and their epimers. In addition, a known sesquiterpene, three known sesquiterpene lactones, eight known flavonoids and two known aromatics were isolated.

From the aerial parts of Teucrium sandrasicum , three new C-10 oxygenated neo-clerodane diterpenes were isolated. The structures of the compounds were established by spectral data including spin decoupling, 1 H 1 H COSY, HETCOR, COLOC and NOESY experiments.

Six new rearranged abietane diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Salvia limbata. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques including spin decoupling, COSY, APT, HETCOR and COLOC experiments.

Four new diterpenoid alkaloids demethyllappaconitine; 7,11,14-trihydroxy-2,13-dioxohetisane, 6,13,15-trihydroxyhetisane and N -deethyldelphatine, were isolated from Aconitum orientale , in addition to the previously known compounds, lappaconitine, lycoctonine and browniine. The structures of the new and the known alkaloids were established from spectral data.

The aerial parts of Salvia yosgadensis afforded five new terpenes with unusual skeletons, together with two known norditerpenes, ambreinolide and norambreinolide. The new compounds were elucidated as 6α-hydroxyambreinolide, 6α-hydroxynorambreinolide, 6α-hydroxy-8α-acetoxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdan-12-oic acid, and two 19,20-dinorsesterterpenes, named as yosgadensonol and 13-epi-yosgadensonol. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means, particularly by extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies.

The guaianolide sesquiterpene pyrethroidinin (1) and the corresponding ketone parishin A (2) wee isolated from Tanacetum densum subsp. amani (Asteraceae). The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established as (1R, 3R, 6S, 7S, 10R) on the basis of the differential shielfing in the 1H NMR spectra of the (−)- and (+)-O-methylmandelate esters. The structure, including absolute stereochemistry, of 2 was confirmed by oxidation of 1 whit Jones' reagent.

Four new diterpenoids alysine A, alysine B, 3-deacetylalysine B and alysine C with a novel rearranged neo-clerodane skeleton were isolated from Teucrim alyssifolium. The relative structures were determined by X-ray analysis and other spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments (APT, SINEPT, HETCOR and HMBC).

Investigation of the aerial parts of Delphinium aibiflorum resulted in the isolation and identification of deacetylheterophylloidine [1] along with hetidine [2] and lycoctonine [3]. Structure 1 for this previously unreported naturally occurring alkaloid was established on the basis of detailed nmr spectral studies and chemical correlation with deacetylheterophylloidine, obtained by the hydrolysis of heterophylloidine [4]. 1 H- and 13 C-nmr chemical shift assignments for 1 and 2 are reported herein.