Terpenoids, essential oil composition, fatty acid profile, and biological activities of Anatolian Salvia fruticosa Mill

Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Ozturk, Mehmet/0000-0001-8932-4535; Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545 WOS: 000321817800011 The hexane and dichloromethane extracts, obtained by re-extraction of the methanol extract of Salvia fruticosa Mill., afforded 7 diterpenoids (carnosol, carnosic acid, carnosic acid 12-methyl ether, rosmadial, isorosmanol, ferruginol, and manool), 4 triterpenoids (alpha-amyryltetracosanoate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and erythrodiol), a steroid (3-acetylsitosterol), and a flavone (salvigenin). The galls (apples) of the collected plant were separately extracted with hexane to afford fatty acids composed mainly of oleic acid (29%), palmitoleic acid (29%), and stearic acid (23.20%), which exhibited high anticholinesterase activity, particularly against BChE. The essential oil, obtained from the aerial parts of the plant, exhibited high AChE inhibitory activity, consisting of mainly 1,8-cineol (58.89%). The antioxidant activity according to 6 complementary tests and anticholinesterase potential of the methanol extracts and triterpenoids alpha-amyryltetracosanoate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and sitosterol acetate were also investigated, and methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity, surpassing the other tested extracts and pure compounds. Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK - TBAG - 107T592] This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK - TBAG - 107T592).