37 results on '"Tunca, Hilal"'
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2. Konukçu besinin Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un bazı biyolojik özelliklerine etkisi
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DEMİRAY, Ezgi and TUNCA, Hilal
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Konukçu Besini ,Ephestia kuehniella ,Bracon hebetor ,Biyoloji ,Ziraat ,Host diet ,Biology ,Agriculture ,General Medicine - Abstract
Konukçu besininin kalite ve kantitesi parazitoit nesillerinin gelişimini etkilemektedir. Konukçu besininin ekto-larval parazitoit Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için konukçu Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları farklı besinlerde yetiştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan besinler mısır unu + kepek (kontrol), yulaf unu + kepek, çavdar unu + kepek, keçiboynuzu unu+ kepek, siyez unu + kepek ve patates unu + kepek (1:1)’dir. B. hebetor’un en az yumurta bıraktığı besin (3.5 ± 0.41) keçiboynuzu unu+ kepek karışımıdır. B. hebetor’un gelişen larva oranının en yüksek olduğu besin mısır unu + kepek (%70.74) ve siyez unu + kepek (%65.69) karışımlarıdır. Larval gelişim için en uygun konukçu besinleri ise patates unu + kepek (66.59 ± 1.34) ve siyez unu + kepek (61.87 ± 1.26 sa) karışımlarıdır. Pupa gelişme süresi için en uygun besinler patates unu + kepek (212.02 ± 4.08 sa) ve çavdar unu + kepek (220.85 ± 3.09 sa) olarak bulunmuştur. Parazitoitin toplam gelişme süresi dikkate alındığında benzer olarak patates unu + kepek (330.21 ± 4.86 sa) ve çavdar unu + kepek (341.62 ± 4.63 sa) uygun besinler olarak bulunmuştur. Keçiboynuzu unu + kepek besin karışımı hariç dişi parazitoitlerin yaşam süresi erkek parazitoitlerin yaşam süresinden daha uzun bulunmuştur. Parazitoitin cinsiyet oranınında konukçu besinlerinden etkilendiği saptanmıştır. En yüksek doğurganlık ise 242 birey ile patates unu + kepek karışımında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma sonuçlarının önemli zararlıların parazitoiti olan B. hebetor’un kitle üretimine katkı sağlayacağı kanısındayız., The quantity and quality of host insect diets is strongly related with the development of parasitoid offspring. To evaluate the prediction that effects of host artificial diets on the ecto-larval parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were reared with different host diets. We used corn flour + bran (control), oat flour + bran, rye flour + bran, carob flour + bran, einkorn flour + bran, and potato flour + bran (1:1) as host diet. The number of eggs laid by the parasitoid B. hebetor was lowest (3.5 ± 0.41) on carob flour+ bran. The rate of developing larvae was highest on corn flour+bran (70.74%) and einkorn flour+bran (65.69%). Potato flour + bran (66.59 ± 1.34 h) and einkorn flour + bran (61.87 ± 1.26 h) are the best host diet for the parasitoid larval development time. The most suitable diet for pupal development time is potato flour + bran (212.02 ± 4.08 h) and rye flour + bran (220.85 ± 3.09 h). Considering the total development time, simirlarly potato flour + bran (330.21 ± 4.86 h) and rye flour + bran (341.62 ± 4.63 h) are suitable diets. Female parasitoids showed longer longevity than male parasitoids for all host nutrients, except in the case of carob flour + bran. The sex ratios of the parasitoids were affected for each host diet. The highest fecundity was obtained in mixture of potato flour + bran with 242 individuals. The results of this study can contribute to the improvement of the mass rearing of B. hebetor for the biological control of different pests.
- Published
- 2022
3. Azadiraktin Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme
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ERDEM KÜÇÜK, Meltem, primary and TUNCA, Hilal, additional
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- 2023
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4. Zararlılarla Mücadelede Birlik İçi Avcılığın Parazitoitler Üzerine Etkisi
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KANDİL, Cansu, primary and TUNCA, Hilal, additional
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- 2023
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5. Techniques d'élevage d'un hôte de substitution : Philosamia ricini
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Michelot, Mathilde, De Bodard, Marine, Colombel, Etty, Tunca, Hilal, and Tabone, Elisabeth
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- 2023
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6. Effects of differentPhilosamia ricini(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cold storage periods onOoencyrtus pityocampaeandOoencyrtus kuvanae(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) rearing
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Tunca, Hilal, primary, Cosic, Benjamin, additional, Venard, Marine, additional, Capelli, Mathilde, additional, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, additional, and Tabone, Elisabeth, additional
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- 2022
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7. Effects of different Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cold storage periods on Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) rearing.
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Tunca, Hilal, Cosic, Benjamin, Venard, Marine, Capelli, Mathilde, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, and Tabone, Elisabeth
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COLD storage , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *LEPIDOPTERA , *EGGS , *AGE groups , *FERTILITY , *OVIPARITY - Abstract
Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Ooencyrtus kuvanae are egg parasitoids that are considered potential candidates for the control of different pest species through inundative release. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different cold-storage periods of Philosamia ricini eggs (host) on the rearing parameters of O. pityocampae and O. kuvanae. Host eggs were stored at 3 °C, and a factorial experiment involving two parasitoid species, nine host storage periods (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and a control, and two host ages (1 and 2 days) was conducted, with 10 replications including 40- P. ricini eggs each. Adult emergence, development time, longevity, and fecundity were investigated. The parasitoid adult emergence percentage significantly varied with storage duration. These values were lower in O. kuvanae than in O. pityocampae. The development time of O. kuvanae progeny increased in both host age groups except in the 1-day storage period subgroup. However, the development times of the progeny of O. pityocampae reared on one-day-old eggs stored for 5, 10, 60, and 75 days were increased, and the development times of the progeny of O. pityocampae reared on 2-day-old eggs stored for 45 and 90 days were increased. The longevity of the F1 progeny of O. kuvanae was negatively affected by storage time. There was no difference in the longevity of the F1 progeny of O. pityocampae compared to that of the control. Additionally, the fecundities of the F1 progeny of O. pityocampae and O. kuvanae were 54.7 and 47.0 offspring/female, respectively. These results provide useful information for guiding the development of mass rearing methodologies for both parasitoid species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Performance of Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on two host species, Halyomorpha halys and Philosamia ricini
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Tunca, Hilal, primary, Cosic, Benjamin, additional, Colombel, Etty‐Ambre, additional, Venard, Marine, additional, Capelli, Mathilde, additional, and Tabone, Elisabeth, additional
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- 2020
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9. Ooencyrtus pityocampae Mercet rearing on three substitute hosts in laboratory to implement a biocontrol of Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. & Schiff
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Tabone, Elisabeth, Tunca, Hilal, Colombel, Etty, Venard, Marine, Defferier, Thomas, Brinquin, Anne-Sophie, Buradino, Maurane, Morel, Estelle, Martin, Jean Claude, Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts de Tunisie (INRGREF). TUN.
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Ooencyrtus pityocampae ,Philosamia ricini ,Nezara viridula ,biocontrol ,rearing ,Halyomorpha halys - Abstract
International audience; Egg parasitoids are considered as efficient biological control agents and are used worldwide for control of several pests in many crops. Ooencyrtus pityocampae Mercet (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a polyphagous egg parasitoid which parasitises Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) eggs. To implement a biocontrol of pine processionary moth with these parasitoids, it is first necessary to rear O. pityocampae. Because of allergy risks and problems of long life cycle and behavior, Thaumetopoea pityocampa is not easy to rear so the use of substitute host is unavoidable. In this project, Philosamia ricini Danovan (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were evaluated all three as substitute hosts. Different biological characteristics of O. pityocampae were determined for each one at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D): development time, emergence rate, longevity, parasitism rate and fecundity. Results show that all three can be used to rear O. pityocampae.
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- 2018
10. Performance of Egg Parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Three Substitute Hosts in Laboratory
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Tabone, Elisabeth, Tunca, Hilal, Colombel, Etty, Venard, Marine, Defferier, Thomas, Martin, Jean Claude, ProdInra, Migration, Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). INT.
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Ooencyrtus pityocampae ,Philosamia ricini ,Nezara viridula ,biocontrol ,rearing ,Halyomorpha halys - Abstract
Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a solitary, thelytokous, synovigenic and polyphagous egg parasitoid which mainly attacks lepidopteran and hemipteran hosts. Releases this parasitoid may be an appropriate way of decreasing insect pest populations. For this, it is first necessary to rear the parasitoid. Because of allergy risks and problems of life cycle and behavior, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, natural host of O. pityocampae, is not easy to rear so the use of substitute host is essential. In this study, three substitute hosts were evaluated, Philosamia ricini (Danovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Experiments were conducted at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). Different biological characteristics of O. pityocampae were determined for each substitute host. Results show that P. ricini, N. viridula and H. halys can be used to rear O. pityocampae.
- Published
- 2018
11. Life history traits of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) reared on Halyomorpha halys eggs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
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Tunca, Hilal, primary, Venard, Marine, additional, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, additional, Capelli, Mathilde, additional, and Tabone, Elisabeth, additional
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- 2019
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12. Étude de la performance d’un parasitoïde oophage Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) pour lutter contre des ravageurs d’un écosystème méditerranéen
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Tunca, Hilal, primary, Venard, Marine, primary, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, primary, and Tabone, Élisabeth, primary
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- 2019
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13. Insecticide resistance in natural enemies
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DEMİRÖZ, Duygu and TUNCA, Hilal
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Agricultural, Engineering ,Entegre mücadele ,Integrated pest control ,Mühendislik, Ziraat ,İnsektisit direnci ,Insecticide resistance ,Doğal düşman,insektisit direnci,entegre mücadele ,Doğal düşman ,Natural enemy,insecticide resistance,integrated pest control ,Natural enemy - Abstract
Chemical control with synthetic insecticides, the most preferred method against insectpests in agricultural ecosystems. Chemical control is considered effective, easier and relativelyinexpensive method for many farmers. However, serious major problems are associated withchemical control. Pest resistance to chemicals is one of the important problems in chemical pestcontrol management programmes. It is common for insect and mite pests to develop resistance againstchemical insecticide, whereas as resistance against natural enemies is known. Moreover, themechanisms of resistance for natural enemies is also different to insect pest. Unlike insect pest, thedevelopment of insecticide resistance in natural enemy populations is seen as an advantage and alsovaluable in integrated pest management. In the literature review, results of the several studies willclarify to this subject., Sentetik kökenli inseksitlerle yapılan kimyasal mücadele, tarımsal ekosistemlerde zararlılarakarşı tercih edilen mücadele seçeneklerinin başında gelmektedir. Kimyasal mücadele özellikleüreticiler tarafından etkili, kolay uygulanabilir ve ucuz bir yöntem olarak görülse de beraberindeönemli ciddi sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Zararlı böceklerde görülen direnç, bu problemlerin başlıcalarıarasında yer almaktadır. İnsektisitlere direnç gelişimi zararlı türlerin yanında bazı doğal düşmanlardada belirlenmiştir. Ancak doğal düşmanlarda görülen direnç mekanizmaları, zararlı böceklerdeolduğundan biraz daha farklıdır. Zararlılardaki durumun aksine, doğal düşman popülasyonlarındadirenç gelişimi bir avantaj olarak görülmektedir ve entegre mücadele stratejisi kapsamında dirençlidoğal düşmanların kimyasal mücadele ile birlikte kullanılabilirliği konusuna, bu derlemede yerverilen araştırma sonuçlarıyla bir düzeyde açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
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- 2017
14. 'AGIIR' pour mieux connaître et contrôler Paysandisia archon, le papillon ravageur des palmiers
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Venard, Marine, Tunca, Hilal, Colombel, Etty, Martin, Jean Claude, and Tabone, Elisabeth
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espèce exotique ,insecte ravageur ,aide à la décision ,épidémiologie ,insectes exotiques envahissants ,science participative ,alerte ,géo-référencement ,application nomade ,outil d'aide à la décision ,diagnostic ,paysandisia archon ,palmier ,insecte lépidoptère ,application ,Sciences agricoles ,Agricultural sciences - Published
- 2017
15. Effect of relative humidity of the different developmental stages of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pintoi Voegele´ (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
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ÖZTÜRK, Rukiye and TUNCA, Hilal
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Trichogramma pintoi,nispi nem,biyolojik dönem,biyoloji,yetiştirme metodu ,biology,developmental stage,rearing method,relative humidity,Trichogramma pintoi - Abstract
Bu çalışmada yumurta parazitoidi Trichogramma pintoi Vogelé (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 25±1ºC sıcaklık % 60-70 orantılı nem ve 16: 8 aydınlık: karanlık koşulların sağlandığı iklim odasında yetiştirilmiştir. Denemelerde parazitoidin ergin dönemi hariç diğer gelişme dönemleri farklı farklı nispi nem oranlarına (% 20-30, % 50-60, % 70-80) tabi tutulmuş ve parazitoitin gelişimi incelenmiştir. Parazitoid yumurta ve larva dönemindeyken, farklı nem koşulları parazitoidin gelişimini etkilememiştir. Ancak parazitoid pre-pupa ve pupa dönemindeyken nispi nemin düşürülmesi parazitoid geliĢimini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Parazitoid pre-pupa dönemindeyken nispi nemin % 20-30‟a düşürülmesi çıkış oranında kontrole göre % 9.68‟lik azalmaya neden olmuştur. Benzer şekilde parazitoid pupa dönemindeyken de nispi nemin % 20-30 ile % 50-60‟a düşürülmesi çıkış oranında sırası ile % 22.82 ve % 7.62‟lik bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Diğer taraftan aynı nispi nem oranları gelişme süresinde sırası ile % 17.74 ve % 2.60‟lık bir artışa neden olmuştur. Nispi nem parazitoidin farklı gelişme dönemleri için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, laboratuvar koşullarında uygun nem değerinin sağlanması parazitoid T.pintoi‟nin kitle üretim tekniğinin iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilecektir., In this study, the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pintoi Vogelé (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was reared in a controlled climate room at 25±1 ºC, 60-70% RH and 16 L:8D. During the experiment, different stages, except for adults, were subjected to various relative humidity levels (20-30%, 50-60%, 70-80%) and its development was examined. During the egg and larval stages, the various relative humidities did not have any effect on the parasitoid‟s development. However, its development was adversely affected by reduced relative humidity levels during the pre-pupal and pupal stages. Decreasing humidity levels to 20-30% at the pre-pupal stage resulted in a 9.68% reduction in the emergence ratio of adults compare with the control. Similarly, the percentage of adult emergence from the pupal stage was decreased by 22.82% and 7.62% by lowering relative humidity levels to 20-30% and 50-60%, respectively. On the other hand, the same order of humidity levels prolonged pupal development time by 17.74% and 2.60 %, respectively. Relative humidity is therefore very important for the different developmental stages of the parasitoid. The results of this study showed that maintaining suitable humidity levels under laboratory conditions can help to improve mass-rearing techniques for T. pintoi.
- Published
- 2016
16. Implementation of a new rearing technique of Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to develop the biocontrol of lepidopterous pests in forest
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Venard, Marine, Tunca, Hilal, Colombel, Etty, Martin, Jean Claude, Tabone, Elisabeth, Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ankara University, and The European Plant Science Organisation (EPSO). BEL.
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,forest ,biological control ,egg paasitoid ,alternative host ,lepidopterous pests - Abstract
In France, there are three major lepidopterous pests in the forest area: Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Thaumetopoea processionea (Thaumetopoeidae) and Lymantria dispar (Lymantriidae). These pests invade new forest sites because of global warming. Biological control is one of the main control methods that should be applied in forest. Three egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus pityocampae, Ooencyrtus masii and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), can be used to control these pests. However, it is difficult to rear these parasitoids on their natural hosts in laboratory because of pest univoltine cycle and Thaumetopoea allergen characteristic. Therefore, alternative hosts are needed to rear parasitoids. Several potential hosts were tested in our laboratory. Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was selected for beneficial insects mass-rearing. This alternative host has several advantages: it’s easy to rear on widespread host plants (Ligustrum vulgare or Ailanthus spp.), it is not subject to diapause, it has big eggs attractive for many parasitoids species and is a multivoltine species. In this study, biological characteristics (emergence rate, development time, longevity and fecundity) of O. pityocampae and O. kuvanae were investigated on the new alternative host, P. ricini, under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 70±5% R.H and 16L: 8D). Thus, we conclude that P. ricini has great potential for the rearing of O. pityocampae and O. kuvanae. Therefore, we can develop biological control programs on these three lepidopterous pests.
- Published
- 2016
17. Bioactivities of cry gene positive Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) strains on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
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GÜNEŞ, Hatice, ALPER, Mehlika, ÇÖL, Bekir, and TUNCA, Hilal
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Bacillus thuringiensis,bioactivity,Ephestia kuehniella,Plodia interpunctella ,Bacillus thuringiensis,biyoaktivite,Ephestia kuehniella,Plodia interpunctella ,Fen ,Science ,fungi - Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is the bacterium most commonly used for biopesticide production due to parasporal crystal formation during its growth cycle. As a consequence of repeated use, B. thuringiensis biopesticides may cause the development of resistance in the pests. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new B. thuringiensis strains with a certain degree of bioactivity. In this study (2012-2013), the bioactivity of native B. thuringiensis strains from the Aegean Region of Turkey were tested against second instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella. The bioactivity of 21 B. thuringiensis strains with cry1, cry2 or cry9 gene was determined as percent mortality according to Abbott’s formula. The highest mortality rates were 42 and 63% in E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella, respectively. These mortality rates were equal to or 1.8 times greater than that of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. In addition, plasmid profiles of B. thuringiensis strains changed between 5-18 kb. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis of the most toxic strains indicated the presence of Cry1 and Cry2 proteins. Two different cry2 gene profiles containing either cry2Aa1 or combination of cry2Aa1 and cry2Ab2 genes were detected by PCR analysis. In addition, partial DNA sequence analysis of cry2A genes indicated phylogenetic differences among the toxic strains and B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. As a result, these B. thuringiensis strains may be used to control both E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella as alternative biopesticides in cases of insect resistance to currently used B. thuringiensis preparations., Bacillus thuringiensis üreme döngüsü sırasında kristal oluşturması nedeniyle biyopestisit üretimi için en çok kullanılan bakteridir. Bacillus thuringiensis biyopestisitlerinin tekrarlayan kullanımları zararlılarda direnç gelişimine neden olabileceğinden, belirli düzeyde biyoakiviteye sahip yeni B. thuringiensis izolatlarının araştırılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada, Ege Bölgesin’den elde edilen doğal B. thuringiensis izolatlarının biyoaktivitesi Ephestia kuehniella ve Plodia interpunctella’nın ikinci dönem larvalarına karşı 2012-2013 yıllarında araştırılmıştır. cry1, cry2 ya da cry9 geni taşıyan 21 B. thuringiensis izolatının biyoaktivitesi Abbott formülüne göre yüzde ölüm olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek ölüm oranları, E. kuehniella ve P. interpunctella’ ya karşı sırasıyla %42 ve %63 bulunmuştur. Bu ölüm oranları, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki’ninkine eşit veya B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki’ninkinden 1.8 kat daha yüksektir. Buna ek olarak, B. thuringiensis izolatlarının plazmit profilleri 5-18 kb arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca, en toksik izolatların SDS-PAGE analizi Cry1 ve Cry2 proteinlerinin varlığını göstermiştir. PCR analizi ile ya cry2Aa1 veya cry2Aa1 ve cry2Ab2 genlerinin kombinasyonunu içeren iki farklı cry2 gen profili belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, cry2A genlerinin kısmi DNA sekans analizi, toksik izolatlar ve B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki arasındaki filogenetik farklılıkları göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu B. thuringiensis izolatları bilinen B. thuringiensis preperasyonlarına karşı böcek direnci olması durumunda alternatif biyopestisitler olarak hem E. kuehniella hem de P. interpunctella’yı kontrol etmek için kullanılabilir.
- Published
- 2016
18. Deux parasitoïdes oophages indigènes pour lutter contre Thaumetopoea pityocampa et Lymantria dispar
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Tunca, Hilal, Venard, Marine, Colombel, Etty, Tabone, Elisabeth, ProdInra, Migration, Ankara University, Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Association Française de Protection des Plantes (AFPP). FRA.
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,philosamia ricini ,ooencyrtus pityocampae ,ooencyrtus kuvanae ,élevage - Abstract
La processionnaire du pin et le Bombyx disparate sont des ravageurs très répandus dans la forêt française. Dans le cadre du développement de la protection intégrée en forêt, le biocontrôle est un outil incontournable. L'objectif est, à terme, de remplacer l’utilisation des pesticides par des méthodes alternatives. Nous envisageons une lutte à l’aide de parasitoïdes oophages indigènes tels que Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) et Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Pour pouvoir étudier ces parasitoïdes, il est nécessaire de les élever en grand nombre. Toutefois, les ravageurs visés étant urticants et univoltines, il est difficile de les utiliser directement pour produire les parasitoïdes. C’est pourquoi, un hôte de substitution a été recherché qui réponde à la fois aux besoins des deux parasitoïdes, à la qualité de leurs descendants, et ayant des coûts de production minimaux. Plusieurs hôtes de substitution ont été testés dans notre laboratoire ainsi que par d’autres auteurs. Philosamia ricini est l’espèce qui semble le mieux répondre à nos attentes. Les caractéristiques biologiques, en conditions de laboratoire (25°C, 75%HR, 16L :8D) seront présentées pour O. pityocampae et O. kuvanae.
- Published
- 2016
19. Bioactivities of cry gene positive Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) strains on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 and Plodia interpunctella(Hübner, 1813) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1,2
- Author
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Alper, Mehlika, Güneş, Hatice, Çöl, Bekir, Tunca, Hilal, and MÜ
- Subjects
Biyoloji - Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis üreme döngüsü sırasında kristal oluşturması nedeniyle biyopestisit üretimi için en çok kullanılan bakteridir. Bacillus thuringiensis biyopestisitlerinin tekrarlayan kullanımları zararlılarda direnç gelişimine neden olabileceğinden, belirli düzeyde biyoakiviteye sahip yeni B. thuringiensis izolatlarının araştırılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada, Ege Bölgesin'den elde edilen doğal B. thuringiensis izolatlarının biyoaktivitesi Ephestia kuehniella ve Plodia interpunctella'nın ikinci dönem larvalarına karşı 2012-2013 yıllarında araştırılmıştır. cry1, cry2 ya da cry9 geni taşıyan 21 B. thuringiensis izolatının biyoaktivitesi Abbott formülüne göre yüzde ölüm olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek ölüm oranları, E. kuehniella ve P. interpunctella' ya karşı sırasıyla %42 ve %63 bulunmuştur. Bu ölüm oranları, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki'ninkine eşit veya B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki'ninkinden 1.8 kat daha yüksektir. Buna ek olarak, B. thuringiensis izolatlarının plazmit profilleri 5-18 kb arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca, en toksik izolatların SDS-PAGE analizi Cry1 ve Cry2 proteinlerinin varlığını göstermiştir. PCR analizi ile ya cry2Aa1 veya cry2Aa1 ve cry2Ab2 genlerinin kombinasyonunu içeren iki farklı cry2 gen profili belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, cry2A genlerinin kısmi DNA sekans analizi, toksik izolatlar ve B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki arasındaki filogenetik farklılıkları göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu B. thuringiensis izolatları bilinen B. thuringiensis preperasyonlarına karşı böcek direnci olması durumunda alternatif biyopestisitler olarak hem E. kuehniella hem de P. interpunctella'yı kontrol etmek için kullanılabilir. Bacillus thuringiensis is the bacterium most commonly used for biopesticide production due to parasporal crystal formation during its growth cycle. As a consequence of repeated use, B. thuringiensis biopesticides may cause the development of resistance in the pests. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new B. thuringiensis strains with a certain degree of bioactivity. In this study , the bioactivity of native B. thuringiensis strains from the Aegean Region of Turkey were tested against second instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella. The bioactivity of 21 B. thuringiensis strains with cry1, cry2 or cry9 gene was determined as percent mortality according to Abbott's formula. The highest mortality rates were 42 and 63% in E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella, respectively. These mortality rates were equal to or 1.8 times greater than that of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. In addition, plasmid profiles of B. thuringiensis strains changed between 5-18 kb. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis of the most toxic strains indicated the presence of Cry1 and Cry2 proteins. Two different cry2 gene profiles containing either cry2Aa1 or combination of cry2Aa1 and cry2Ab2 genes were detected by PCR analysis. In addition, partial DNA sequence analysis of cry2A genes indicated phylogenetic differences among the toxic strains and B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. As a result, these B. thuringiensis strains may be used to control both E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella as alternative biopesticides in cases of insect resistance to currently used B. thuringiensis preparations.
- Published
- 2016
20. Incidence of superparasitism in the egg parasitoid,Ooencyrtus kuvanaeHoward (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, primary, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, additional, Venard, Marine, additional, and Tabone, Elisabeth, additional
- Published
- 2017
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21. A new substitute host and its effects on some biological properties ofOoencyrtus kuvanae
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, primary, Venard, Marine, additional, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, additional, and Tabone, Elisabeth, additional
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
22. Effect of Host Plant Quality on Parasitoid Ecology
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal
- Subjects
Konukçu bitki,Parazitoit,Ekoloji ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Host plant,Parasitoid,Ecology - Abstract
Parasitoids have a complex realtionships with interspesific and intraspesific species within their environment. Their relationships with host herbivor and host plants have an important place in parasitoid ecology. The host plants have direct and indirect effects on the survival of parasitoids. These effects may vary according to the chemical and morphological properties of the host plant. Chemical and morphological characteristics of a plant determine its quality. Plant quality having a tremendous role for the suitability of host herbivor for parasitoid. In this article, the effects of host plant quality on the performance and behavioural activities of parasitoids have been described, Parazitoitler, bulundukları çevrede gerek tür içi ve gerek türler arasıyla karmaşık ilişkiler içerisindedirler. Konukçu herbivor ve konukçu bitkilerle olan ilişkileri parazitoit ekolojisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Konukçu bitkilerin parazitoitler üzerinde doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri sözkonusudur. Bu etkiler, bitkilerin sahip olduğu kimyasal ve morfolojik özelliklere göre değişebilmektedir. Bir bitkinin kimyasal ve morfolojik özellikleri onun kalitesini de belirlemektedir. Bitki kalitesi ise konukçu herbivorun, parazitoit için uygunluğu üzerinde sonderece önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu yazıda konukçu bitki kalitesinin parazitoitler üzerindeki etkilerine değinilmiştir
- Published
- 2015
23. Bioactivities of cry gene positive Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) strains on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
- Author
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ALPER, Mehlika, primary, GÜNEŞ, Hatice, additional, ÇÖL, Bekir, additional, and TUNCA, Hilal, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Tendency and consequences of superparasitism for the parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in parasitizing a new laboratory host, Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
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TUNCA, Hilal, primary, BURADINO, Maurane, additional, COLOMBEL, Etty-Ambre, additional, and TABONE, Elisabeth, additional
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
25. A new substitute host and its effects on some biological properties of Ooencyrtus kuvanae.
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Venard, Marine, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, and Tabone, Elisabeth
- Subjects
- *
LYMANTRIA dispar , *LEPIDOPTERA , *PESTS , *HYMENOPTERA , *ENCYRTIDAE - Abstract
Lymantia dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), commonly known as the gypsy moth, is a serious forest pest, and beneficial insects are particularly important for reducing its population numbers. Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an arrhenotokous, solitary egg parasitoid of L. dispar. In this study, we evaluated a new substitute host, Philosamia ricini (Danovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) for O. kuvanae. We investigated some of the biological effects of O. kuvanae on P. ricini eggs. In this context, the importance of the age of the female parasitoid (1, 3 or 5 days old), host age (1-2 and 3-4 days old) and host number (40, 60 and 80 host eggs) were examined under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and a 16 : 8 h photoperiod [light : dark]). The highest rate of offspring production (89.90%) occurred with 40 (1-2-day-old) host eggs and 5-dayold females. The mean developmental period ranged from 16.5 ± 0.08 days to 18.7 ± 0.08 days. The mean lifespan of the parasitoid was 51.10 ± 1.1 (n = 60) days with bio-honey and 3.92 ± 0.14 (n = 60) days without food. The mean fecundity was 68.88 ± 3.22 offspring/female. Peak adult emergence occurred between 2 and 9 days. The mean oviposition and mean post-oviposition periods of the female parasitoid were 22.76 ± 1.37 days and 13.64 ± 1.40 days, respectively. O. kuvanae was reared for more than ten generations on the eggs of P. ricini. Based on our findings, P. ricini can be used to rear O. kuvanae for the biological control of L. dispar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düşmanlar arasındaki trofik ilişkiler
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TUNCA, Hilal, KILINÇER, Neşet, and ÖZKAN, Cem
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Bitkiler,Herbivorlar,Doğal düşmanlar,Trofik ilişkiler,Biyolojik mücadele ,Plants,Herbivorous,Natural enemies,Trophic interactions,Biological control - Abstract
Plants, herbivorous ve natural enemies consist of complex trophic relationships. Both herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use plant volatiles when foraging for food. Herbivorous are attracted by the plant volatiles. Plants emit various compound of chemical against attack by herbivore. In response to herbivory, plants emit a blend that may be quantitatively and qualitatively different from the blend emitted when intact. This induced volatile blend alters the interactions of the plant with its environment. Natural enemies (parasitoids ve predators) of herbivore positively affected the result of herbivore feeding in plants caused chemicals. In addition, these natural enemies are used, the signals directly by herbivore, to find hosts or prey. Tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies should be studied for successful applications of biological control, Bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düşmanlar arasında karmaşık trofik ilişkiler mevcuttur. Hem herbivorlar hem de doğal düşmanlar, besinlerini bulmada bitkisel kaynaklı kimyasallardan faydalanır. Bitkiler salgılamış oldukları kimyasallarla herbivorları cezbeder. Bitkiler herbivorların saldırısına uğradıklarında da çeşitli bileşimlerde kimyasallar salgılayıp, yayarlar. Bu yayılan kimyasallar, herbivor saldırısı olmadığı durumlarda ortaya çıkan kimyasallardan nitelik ve nicelik olarak farklıdır. Bu şekilde bitkiler tarafından salgılanan uçucu kimyasal bileşikler, bitkinin çevresi ile olan ilişkilerinin değişimine yol açmaktadır. Doğal düşmanlar (parazitoitler ve predatörler), herbivorların beslenmesi sonucu bitkilerin meydana getirdiği kimyasallardan olumlu şekilde etkilenebilmektedir. Ayrıca doğal düşmanlar doğrudan herbivorlar tarafından gelen sinyalleri de, konukçularını ya da avlarını bulmada kullanabilmektedir. Başarılı biyolojik mücadele uygulamaları için bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düşmanlar arasında mevcut trofik ilişkilerin çalışılması gerekmektedir
- Published
- 2011
27. Bazı bitkisel kökenli ekstrakt ve insektisitlerin Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), Venturia canescens Grav. (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) gelişimi ve parazitleme davranışları üzerine etkileri
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Kılınçer, Neşet, and Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Ziraat ,Agriculture - Abstract
Bu çalışmada kullanılan koinobiont larva parazitoti Venturia canescens Grav. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Ungüvesi Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) üzerinde; idiobiont larva parazitoiti Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), Kurumeyve güvesi Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) üzerinde ve koinobiont yumurta-larva parazitoiti Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), Pamuk yaprakkurdu Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) üzerinde yetiştirilmiştir. Bu üç parazitoite, bitkisel kökenli insektisit Neem Azal®-T/S ve Spruzit® Neu'nun gelişime ve davranışa olan yanetkileri; bitkisel kökenli ekstrakt Hotpepper wax ve Orange guard'ın ise davranışa olan yanetkileri laboratuar koşullarında belirlenmiştir.Parazitoitlerin konukçuları olan Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Plodia interpunctella Hubner ve Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. üzerinde Neem Azal®-T/S ve Spruzit® Neu'nun LC50 ve LC25 değerleri belirlenmiştir. Yanetki çalışmalarında Neem Azal® T/S ve Spruzit® Neu'nun iki subletal dozu (LC50 ve LC25), parazitlenmiş konukçulara uygulanmış ve uygulamaların parazitoitlerin gelişmine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Spruzit® Neu'nun yüksek letal dozunda (LC50) parazitoit gelişimi olmamıştır. Bitkisel insektisitlerin diğer uygulamalarında ise parazitoitlerin gelişme süresi, çıkış oranı, yaşam süresi ve ergin büyüklüğü önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Sonuçlar bitkisel kökenli insektisit uygulamalarında, parazitoit gelişiminin Neem Azal® T/S'da Spruzit® Neu'ya göre daha az etkilenebileceği yönündedir.Bitkisel kökenli insektisit ve ekstraktların parazitoitlerin davranışlarına etkisi üç farklı yöntemle belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; parazitoitin konukçuyu elde etme davranışı, hava akışlı Y tüp olfaktometrede seçim testi ve ilaç uygulaması yapılmış konukçularda süreye bağlı olarak parazitlenen konukçu sayısının belirlenmesidir. Uygulamalarda bitkisel kökenli insektisit Neem Azal® T/S ve Spruzit® Neu'nun LC50 ve LC25 dozları ve bitkisel kökenli ekstrakt Hotpepper wax ve Orange guard'ın ise uygulama dozları kullanılmıştır. Davranış denemelerinin sonucunda, uygulanan bitkisel insektisit ve ekstraktların parazitoitlere uzaklaştırıcı etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Venturia canescens, Bracon hebetor, Chelonus oculator, yanetki, gelişme, davranış In this study, koinobiont larval parasitoid Venturia canescens Grav. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), idiobiont larval parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and koinobiont egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were reared on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Mediterranean flour moth) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Indian Meal Moth) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Cotton leafworm) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), respectively. Development and behavioral side effect of Neem Azal® T/S ve Spruzit® Neu and behavioral side effect of Hotpepper wax and Orange guard were examinated for three parasitoid in the laboratory conditions.LC50 and LC25 values for the Neem Azal® ?T/S and Spruzit® Neu were determined in the host of parasitoids such as Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Plodia interpunctella Hubner and Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. In the study of side effect, two sublethal dose of Neem Azal® ?T/S and Spruzit® Neu were applied on parasitized host. The effect of this application was examinated on the development of parasitoid. There were no development at LC50 dose of Sprizut Neu. The other applications of botanical insecticides have a negatif effect on the development, emergence ratio, longevity and adult size of parasitoids. The results show that, the development of parasitoids is effected less than Neem Azal® ?T/S, Spruzit® Neu used in botanical insecticide applications.The effect of botanical insecticides and extracts on behaviour were determined with three methods. These are foraging behavior, choice test Y-tube olfactometer and number of parasitized host depending on time in which insecticide are applied. The results of these experiments show that these botanical insecticides and extracts have repellent effect on parasitoids.Key Words: Venturia canescens, Bracon hebetor, Chelonus oculator, side effect, development, behaviour 123
- Published
- 2010
28. Diprion pini (L.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)’nin iki Tachinid parazitoiti ve bunlardan Türkiye Tachinidae faunası için yeni bir kayıt
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Kara, Kenan, Cem Özkan, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, and 0-Belirlenecek
- Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology ,Drino gilva,Diplostichus janitrix,new record,Diprion pini,parasitoid,Tachinidae,Turkey ,Biyoloji - Abstract
Diprion pini (L.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)’nin Birlik (Ankara) ormanında Tachinidae familyasına ait Drino gilva Hartig ve Diplostichus janitrix Hartig (Diptera: Tachinidae) olmak üzere iki parazitoiti tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan D. janitrix Türkiye Tachinidae faunası için yeni kayıttır. Drino gilva (Hartig) and Diplostichus janitrix (Hartig) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were reared from the larvae of Diprion pini (Linnaeus) (Hym.: Diprionidae) in Birlik (Ankara) Forest. D. janitrix was recorded for the first time in Turkey.
- Published
- 2009
29. Incidence of superparasitism in the egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus kuvanae Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Colombel, Etty-Ambre, Venard, Marine, and Tabone, Elisabeth
- Subjects
- *
LYMANTRIA dispar , *INSECT rearing , *PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems , *PARASITISM ,HOSTS of parasitoids - Abstract
The encyrtidOoencyrtus kuvanaeis a solitary parasitoid of the gypsy moth,Lymantria disparL. (Lepidoptera-Lymantridae) that is used in biological control programmes and whose mass rearing is influenced by superparasitism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the self-superparasitism ofO. kuvanaeat different host densities (5, 10, 15 and 20), female ages (3 and 5 days) and durations of exposure (1 and 5 days) under various laboratory conditions (25°C ± 1°C, RH 60 ± 5% and a 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod) as well as in a new laboratory host,Philosamia ricini(Danovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) ofO. kuvanae. In this study, we determined the rate of egg superparasitism and adult emergence and recorded development time, longevity and body weight. Superparasitism increased with female age and the duration of exposure to parasitoids when females had access to five host eggs. Superparasitism increased the number of parasitoid offspring, but it resulted in male-biased (56.90%) progeny. Furthermore, superparasitism caused deleterious effects to the fitness of the progeny by prolonging the developmental process, and decreasing longevity. For example, we found that when four adults can emerge from one superparasitised host egg, the body size of the parasitoid offspring decreases significantly. Hence, superparasitism should be avoided when mass rearingO. kuvanae. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nın yumurta-larva parazitoiti Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)'un biyolojisi ve davranışı üzerinde araştırmalar
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Kılınçer, Neşet, and Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Ziraat ,Agriculture - Abstract
Bu çalışma ile yumurta-larva parazitoiti Chelonus oculator'un konukçusu Cadra cautetta üzerinde dört farklı sıcaklık derecesinde (15±1°C, 20±1°C, 25±1°C, 3Q±1°C ) %60-70 orantılı nem ve 16:8 aydınlık:karanlık koşullarda bazı biyolojik özellikleri incelenmiş, ayrıca 25°C'de, parazitoitin temel parazhleme davranışlan ve süperparazttizmin etkileri belirlenmiştir. Parazitoitin en uzun yaşam süresi 43± 0.89 gün ile 20°C'de, en kısa yaşam süresi 17.12±1 gün ile 30°C'de belirlenmiştir. Parazitoitin gelişme süresi sıcaklığın 15°C'den 20, 25 ve 30°C'ye çıkmasıyla kısalmıştır. Dişi parazitoitin gerçek doğurganlığı 25°C'de en yüksek seviyededir. Ayrıca sıcaklık artışının parazitoitin ergin büyüklüğünü olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet oranının 15°C dışında diğer üç sıcaklık derecesinde erkekler lehinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Parazitoitin gelişme eşiği 12.5°C, termal konstantı ise 489.3gün derece olarak hesaplanmıştır. Parazitoitin parazrtlenmiş ve parazitlenmemiş konukçularda davranışları test edilmiş, parazitoitin parazitlenmiş konukçuları algıladığı ve bu nedenle de farklı tepkilerde bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Süperparazitizm 'çalışmalarında iki parazitleme arasındaki süre, konukçu yoğunluğu, çiftleşmenin süperparazitizme olan etkisi belirlendikten sonra konukçu yumurtaları 1, 2, 3 kez parazitletilmiş. ve parazitletme sonucu oluşan bireylerin gelişme süreleri, ergin büyüklükleri ve çıkış oranlan belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, 2 ve 3 kez parazitletilmiş konukçulardan çıkış yapan parazitoitlerin gelişme süreleri, 1 kez parazitletilen konukçulardan çıkış yapan parazitoitlerin gelişme sürelerinden daha uzun bulunmuştur. Parazitoitin ergin büyüklüğü de süperparazitizmden etkilenmiştir. İki ve üç kez parazitletilmiş konukçulardan çıkış yapan parazitoitler, bir kez parazitletilen konukçulardan çıkış yapan parazhoitlerden daha küçüktürler. Bir kez parazitletilen konukçularda %63.25'lik, iki kez parazitletilen konukçularda % 42.79'luk, üç kez parazitletilen konukçularda %37.50'lik başarılı bir parazitoit çıkışı saptanmıştır. 2005, 92 sayfa Anahtar kelimeler: Chelonus oculator, sıcaklık, biyoloji, davranış, süperparazitizm. this study, some biological relations between an egg-larval parasitoid Chelorms oculator and a host Cadra cautella were investigated at four different temperatures (15±l°C, 20±1°C, 25±1°C, 30±1°CX 60-70 % relative humidity and 16L:8D photoperiod. In addition oppositional behaviour and the effect of superparasttism were determined at 25°C. Adult longevity was 43±0.89 days at 20°C, whereas it decreases to 17±1 days at 30°C. Development time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 15-30°C. The realised fecundity of the female parasitoid was found to be high at 2S°C. However, The size of the adult parasitoid was affected positively with increasing temperature. The sex ratio was male biased, except at 15°C. The temperature threshold for Chelorms oculator was 12.5°C and the number of degree- days required for their development was 489.3. The behaviour of parasitoid on parasitized and unparasitized host was tested. It was seen that Parasitoid perceived the parasitized hosts and showed different reactions to these hosts. In the study of superparasitism, firstly the effects of the time on two parasitisation, host density and mating were determined on the superparasitism. Parasitoid were reared from eggs of Cadra cautella containing 1, 2, and 3 parasitoid eggs. The effects of superparasitism on the development times, adult size and survival rates were investigated. As a result, development time was found to be significantly longer when the host was two or three times parasitized, as opposed to one parasitoid eggs. Abo parasitoid adult size was affected by superparastism, with significantly smaller parasHoids eclosing from host containing two or three, as opposed to one parasitoid egg. Chelorms achieved to eclose from singly parasitized host in a rate of 63.25 %, which decreased to 42.79 %, in the host with two eggs, and 37.50 % in the host with three eggs. 2005, 92 pages Key Words: Chelorms oculator, temperature, biology, behaviour, superparasitism. 101
- Published
- 2005
31. Cold storage possibilities of a larval parasitoid, Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
- Author
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TUNCA, Hilal, primary, NazanYEŞİL, Ayşe, additional, and ÇALIŞKAN, Türkan Feyza, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE IMMATURE STAGE OF TRICHOGRAMMA PINTOI (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATISAE) REARED ON DIFFERENT HOST EGGS.
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Ugur, Avni, Ozkan, Cem, Durlu, Miray, and Moran, Hatice Hilal
- Abstract
Storage at low temperature is a valuable and simple method for improving parasitoid mass rearing techniques. The effects of cold storage on Trichogramma pintoi Voegele (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were investigated by holding different life-stages (larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages) at -5, 0, 5, and 10 ?C on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for 10 days storage periods. Cold storage at -5 and 0?C resulted in high mortality, especially at larval and pre-pupal stage of parasitoid, as a host C. cautella. However, development time increased and emergence ratio of T. pintoi decreased with storage temperature in all immature stages and host species. Longevity and parasitism ratio of adult parasitoids were affected by the host species and the storage temperature. Our results indicate that low temperature storage (5 and 10?C) of T. pintoi within its host (E. kuehniella - pupal stage of T. pintoi) for maintaining and accumulating the parasitoid during the release program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
33. EFFECTS OF SOME BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES ON THE EGG PARASITOID TRICHOGRAMMA PINTOI VOEGELÉ (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE).
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Tatlı, Sahin, Moran, H. Hilal, and Özkan, Cem
- Abstract
Egg parasitoids are among the most significant biological control agents of a number of insect pests. Among them, Trichogramma species are the most widely used insect natural enemy in the world. Generally, when it raised the idea of using biological control, the effects of insecticides should be studied under laboratory conditions before the release of beneficial natural enemies. In this study, effects of some botanical insecticides on development and behaviour of Trichogramma pintoi Voegelé (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were studied. The experiments were conducted on the host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), at 25 °C, 60-70% relative humidity in the laboratory condition. In the experiments, Neem Azal (azadirachtin) and Spruzit Neu (pyrethrum, hotpepperwax (capsaicin) and Orange Guard (d-Limone) were tested. With the use of LC10, LC25, LC50 ve LC90 doses of Neem Azal and Spruzit Neu against parasitized and unparasitized E. kuehniella eggs, insecticide side effects to the parasitoid biology and behavior was designated. Parasitism rate of T. pintoi was negatively affected by application of azadirachtin and pyrethrum. This negative effect was more observed at pyrethrum. Some biological properties of parasitoid also showed differences depending on parasitoid development stage, insecticide and application dose. Emergence ratio of the parasitoid was significantly affected by LC90 of both insecticide. The results also showed that the most sensitive period of parasitoid was larval stage. In adult toxicity experiment, pyrethrum was found to be more toxic than azadirachtin. The results of behavioral experiments show that these botanical insecticides have strong repellent effect to the parasitoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
34. Temperature dependent development of the egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus oculator on the factitious host, Ephestia cautella
- Author
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TUNCA, HİLAL, primary, ÖZKAN, CEM, primary, and KILINÇER, AHMET NEŞET, primary
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effect of superparasitism on the development of the solitary parasitoid Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Author
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TUNCA, HİLAL, primary and KILINÇER, NEŞET, primary
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Two Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoids of Diprion pini (L.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), Along with a New Record for the Turkish Tachinidae Fauna
- Author
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TUNCA, HİLAL, primary, KARA, KENAN, primary, and ÖZKAN, CEM, primary
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Side-effects of some botanical insecticides and extracts on the parasitoid, Venturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
- Author
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Tunca, Hilal, Kilincer, Neset, and Cem Özkan
- Subjects
Venturia canescens,azadirachtin,pyrethrum,capsaicin,d-Limonene - Abstract
Bitkisel insektisitlerden azadirachtin ve pyrethrum’un Venturia canescens’in gelişimine ve davranışına etkileri, bitkisel ekstraktlardan capsaisin ve d-Limonene’nin ise parazitoitin davranışına etkileri belirlenmiştir. Davranış çalışmalarında parazitoit Y tüp olfaktometre ile ikili seçim testine tabi tutulmuştur. Denemelerde azadirachtin ve pyretrum için LC50 ve LC25 değerleri Ephestia kuehniella’nın üçüncü ve beşinci dönem larvalarında belirlenmiştir. E. kuehniella’nın üçüncü ve beşinci dönem larvaları parazitletildikten sonra aynı bitkisel insektisitlerin LC50 ve LC25 dozları ile muamele edilmiştir. Sonuçta, azadirachtin’in her iki dozunda da parazitoitin gelişme süresinde artış, buna karşın yaşam süresi ve çıkış oranında azalma belirlenmiştir. Pyrethrum, parazitoit için çok daha toksik bulunmuştur. Pyrethrum’un LC50 dozu, V. canescens’de %100 ölüme neden olmuştur. Pyrethrum’un LC25 dozu ise parazitoit çıkışını önemli ölçüde azaltmış, parazitoitin gelişme süresini uzatmış ve yaşam süresini kısalmıştır. Buna ilaveten bitkisel insektisit ve ekstraktların parazitoit erginleri üzerinde uzaklaştırıcı etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, azadirachtin, pyrethrum, capsaicin and d-Limonene’nin parasitoid V. canescens ile birlikte kullanımının uygun olmadığını göstermektedir
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