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Fingerprinting techniques, which utilize the unique chemical and physical properties of food samples, have emerged as a promising approach for food authentication and traceability. Recent studies have demonstrated significant advancements in food authentication through the use of fingerprinting methods, such as multivariate statistical analysis techniques applied to trace elements and isotope ratios. However, further research is required to optimize these methods and ensure their validity and reliability in real-world applications. In this study, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analytical method was employed to determine the content of 21 elements in 300 cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) samples from 5 brands. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal components analysis (PCA), were employed to analyze the data obtained and establish the provenance of the cashew nuts. While cashew nuts are widely marketed in many countries, no universal method has been utilized to differentiate the origin of these nuts. Our study represents the initial step in identifying the geographical origin of commercial cashew nuts marketed in Vietnam. The analysis showed significant differences in the means of 21 of the 40 analyzed elements among the cashew nut samples from the 5 brands, including 7Li, 11B, 24Mg, 27Al, 44Ca, 48Ti, 51V, 52Cr, 55Mn, 57Fe, 60Ni, 63Cu, 66Zn, 93Nb, 98Mo, 111Cd, 115In, 121Sb, 138Ba, 208Pb, and 209Bi. The PCA analysis indicated that the cashew nut samples can be accurately classified according to their original locations. This research serves as a prerequisite for future studies involving the combination of elemental composition analysis with statistical classification methods for the accurate establishment of cashew nut provenance, which involves the identification of key markers for the original discrimination of cashew nuts.

Gnetum formosum Markgr., a member of the Gnetaceae family, is distributed in Vietnam. This plant remains a botanical enigma with an unexplored diversity of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. In this study, two new steroidal saponins, namely gnetumosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of G. formosum. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and NMR, along with chemical hydrolysis and comparison with the reported literature. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage cells. Notably, compound 1 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 14.10 ± 0.75 µM), comparable to dexamethasone. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the observed anti-inflammatory effects were investigated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins. This study is the first to investigate the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of G. formosum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites as sources of new drugs from medicinal plants and marine organisms. A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum resulted in the isolation of seven alkaloids (1–7), including one new dimeric compound, bis-(-)-8-demethylmaritidine (1). Their structures were elucidated using NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of new compound 1 was established by circular dichroism spectroscopy. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro. Among them, compound 1 exhibited the most potent AChE inhibition. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for the most active compound to investigate their binding interactions and dynamics behavior of the AChE protein-ligand complex. Therefore, compound 1 may be a potential candidate for effectively treating Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies regarding malloapelta B (malB), a natural compound isolated from the Vietnamese medicinal plant, showed a strong NF-κB inhibitory effect, making it a promising source for the development of novel anticancer drugs. However, similar to many other natural compounds from plants, malB has several disadvantages for clinical applications, including high toxicity and low solubility. To improve its bioavailability, malB was conjugated into nanoliposomes, which are ideal drug carriers. The formulations with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, mPEG-cholesterol, malB, with or without cholesterol exhibited nanoliposomes with an average diameter of approximately 76.98 nm, PDI of 0.28, zeta potential of −5.53 mV, and the highest encapsulation efficiency of 78.73% ± 9.5%. These malB-nanoliposomes inhibited the survival of all lung cancer cell lines examined with IC50 values ranging from 11.86 to 13.12 µM. Moreover, malB-nanoliposomes showed stronger inhibition of A549 colony-forming activity compared to that of the free compound. The effects of malB and its nanoliposomal formulation may be mediated through activation of apoptosis by the significant induction of caspase 3 activity. The nanoliposomal formulations also showed potential to inhibit tumor growth (37.03%) and prolong survival (32.20 days) of tumor-bearing mice compared with the unloaded drug (p < 0.05). The improved antitumor activity of malB-nanoliposomes suggests their promising clinical applications.

A phytochemical investigation of Solanum torvum led to the isolation of eleven steroidal glycosides, including neochlorogenin 6-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside (1), (22 R,23S,25R)-3β-6α,23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside (2), neochlorogenin 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside (3), solagenin 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside (4), paniculonin A (5), paniculonin B (6), 6α-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)β-D-quinovopyranosyl]-(25S)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol (7), torvoside J (8), torvoside K (9), torvoside L (10) and solagenin 6-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside (11). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR data as well as comparison with the data reported in the literature. Moreover, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against SK-LU-1, HepG2, MCF-7 and T24 cancer cell lines. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 7 and 11 exhibited cytotoxicity against all four tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 7.89 ± 0.87 to 46.76 ± 3.88 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ursane-type triterpene, 3β,23,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), together with eight known compounds (2–9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Ophiorrhiza baviensis. Among them, compounds 2–5 were found for the first time from the genus Ophiorrhiza, while compounds 6–9 were reported from O. baviensis for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, and HMBC) spectra, as well as comparison with those reported in the literature. Moreover, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, Hela, KB, A549, and SK-LU-1 cancer cell lines and their effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. This is the first report of chemical constituents and biological activities of O. baviensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new compound, physalucoside A (1), together with seven withanolides (2–8) and three flavonoids (9–11), were isolated from Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), a medicinal plant native to Vietnam. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses, and chemical reactivity. The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were also evaluated. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of P. angulata is due primarily to its withanolide content. This study demonstrates the potential of withanolides as promising candidates for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation of Physalis minima led to the isolation of six withanolides, including withanolide E (1), withaperuvin C (2), 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (3), 28-hydroxywithaperuvin C (4), physaperuvin G (5), and 4-deoxywithaperuvin (6). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1 D-NMR and 2 D-NMR data, as well as comparison with the data reported in the literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2, SK-LU-1, and MCF7 cancer cell lines. As the obtained results, compounds 1 and 3 displayed the strongest cytotoxicity against HepG2, SK-LU-1, and MCF7 cell lines with IC50 value ranging from 0.051 ± 0.004 to 0.86 ± 0.09 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypericum sampsonii is an important medicinal plant used in Vietnam to treat many diseases such as backache, burns, diarrhea, and swelling. In order to study the chemical constituents in the aerial parts of H. sampsonii, five compounds, including two xanthones (1–2), and three benzophenones (3–5) were isolated from the aerial parts of the H. sampsonii with various chromatographic separations. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data such as 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS. Their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging was evaluated. As the obtained results, compound 5 showed the strongest inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value ranging from 2.00 ± 0.34 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibitory effects of NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages guided the isolation of nine prenylated isoflavones, including a new cudraisoflavone L (1) and eight known metabolites furowanin B (2), erysubin A (3), wighteone (4), lupalbigenin (5), laburnetin (6), isolupalbigenin (7), 6,8-diprenylorobol (8), millewanin H (9) from the leaves ofCudrania tricuspidata. At the concentration of 10 μM, compounds1,2, and4significantly inhibited NO production with the inhibitory values of 72.5 ± 2.4, 66.9 ± 1.8, and 55.4 ± 2.7%, respectively. In addition, all of isolated compounds1–9showed promising cytotoxic effects toward HL-60 cells (IC504.3 ± 0.7 to 18.0 ± 1.7 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Context: Traditional Chinese medicines have attracted increasing interest as potential sources of novel drugs with a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities.Annona glabraLinn (Annonaceae) is used in traditional medicine as an anticancer drug. Phytochemical investigation of this plant led to the isolation of acetogenins,ent-kauranes, peptides, and alkaloids. In addition, compounds exhibited anticancer, anti-HIV-reserve, and antimalaria. Objective: Isolation, structure determination, and cytotoxic activity evaluation of compounds from the methanol extract fromA. glabrafruits. Materials and methods: Using chromatographic methods to isolate compounds from theA. glabramethanol extract. The cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, compounds which showed significant cytotoxic activity were chosen for further study apoptosis characteristics. Results: One new, (2E,4E,1′R,3′S,5′R,6′S)-dihydrophaseic acid 1,3′-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and eight known compounds, (2E,4E,1′R,3′S,5′R,6′S)-dihydrophaseic acid 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), icariside D2(3), icariside D26′-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (4), 3,4-dimethoxyphenylO-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (6), blumenol A (7), cucumegastigmane I (8), and icariside B1(9), were isolated from the fruits ofA. glabra.Icariside D2(3)was found to show significant cytotoxic activity on the HL-60 cell line with the IC50value of 9.0 ± 1.0 µM and did not show cytotoxic activity on the Hel-299 normal cell line. The further test indicated that compound3induced apoptosis via alteration of expression of apoptosis-related proteins and decreased phosphorylation of AKT in HL-60 cells. Discussion and conclusion: The results suggested that the constituents fromA. glabramay contain effective compounds which can be used as anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new muurolane- type sesquiterpenes, (4 R,5 R)-muurol-1(6),10(14)-diene-4,5-diol (1), (4 R,5 R)-muurol-1(6)-ene-4,5-diol (2), (4 R,5 R,10 R)-10-methoxymuurol-1(6)-ene-4,5-diol (3), (4 S)-4-hydroxy-1,10- seco-muurol-5-ene-1,10-dione (4), (4 R)-4-hydroxy-1,10- seco-muurol-5-ene-1,10-dione (5), (6 S,10 S)-6,10-dihydroxy-7,8- seco-2,8- cyclo-muurol-4(5),7(11)-diene-12-oic acid (6), and (6 R,10 S)-6,10-dihydroxy-7,8- seco-2,8- cyclo-muurol-4(5),7(11)-diene-12-oic acid (7) were isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea cinerea. Their structures were determined by the combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and CD spectra as well as by comparing the NMR data with those reported in the literature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which examined the structure identification and isolation of two novel coumarin monoterpenes found in the leaves of vegetable crop, called Trichosanthes anguina. Topics discussed include the chemical constituents of the plant, such as trichoanguin and isoflavone glycoside, chemical shifts reported based on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data of compounds, and the extraction and isolation procedure conducted on the leaves of the plant.