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Emerging large‐area flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) are crucial for flat‐panel displays. The development of uniform, large‐area, flexible, and ultra‐deep‐blue PLEDs remains challenging owing to the lack of efficient and stable deep‐blue light‐emitting conjugated polymers with robust deep‐blue emission, excellent large‐scale solution‐processing capacity, and stable electrical properties. In this study, a multidimensional steric triphenylethylene (TPE) segment is introduced into the substitution side chain of polydiarylfluorenes (P‐F) for deep‐blue large‐area blade‐coated and flexible PLEDs. The encapsulation of backbone chains with extremely weak interchain π–π interactions facilitated the preparation of large‐area PLEDs via blade coating. Large‐area uniform P‐F films (16 cm2) are fabricated. Flexible PLEDs are fabricated with efficient deep‐blue emission (CIE: 0.15, 0.07) and a maximum brightness of 2314 cd m−2. Notably, the large‐area PLEDs exhibited a narrow‐band deep‐blue emission with a CIE of (0.15, 0.08) at ≈1000 mA cm−2 and an emitting area of 3.6 cm2. Furthermore, a preliminary patterned PLED array display with a pixel size of 800 × 1000 µm2 is successfully created, which exhibited stable and uniform deep‐blue light‐emitting pixel performance (CIE: 0.15 0.08). These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the TPE encapsulation strategy for large‐area PLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving on‐demand control of responsive behaviors of photochromic molecules is important for advanced photonic applications, but it remains a challenge. In this work, a triphenylethylene‐based molecule, 5‐(2,2‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)vinyl)‐5″‐methyl‐2,2″‐bipyridine (1), which can undergo open‐to‐closed isomerization under 365 nm irradiation, is designed and synthesized. Importantly, on‐demand acceleration or deceleration of photoisomerization rate over a wide range (kUV = 0.00584–0.06299 s−1) is achieved by coordination of 1 with different metal salts. Furthermore, more precise manipulation of the photoisomerization rate is achieved by changing the counterions of the 1‐based metal complex. Eventually, taking advantage of distinctly different photoisomerization rates of 1 and its corresponding metal complexes, high‐level irradiation time‐dependent information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications have been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing new all‐visible‐light driven fluorescent molecular switches has attracted much interests due to their important application prospects in materials science and life science. Herein, three novel all‐visible‐light triggered fluorescent molecular photoswitches (2P3, 4F, and 4Cl) are designed and prepared, which are realized by prolonging π‐conjugation length with aggregated‐induced emission units. These photoswitches show reversible photochromic and fluorescent switching in dilute solutions and films under 420 nm and 560 nm irradiations. Meanwhile, upon alternating irradiations with 450 nm/560 nm light, effective photochromic and fluorescent switching in powder states are also achieved. More interestingly, two distinct conformations with different photochromic abilities can be altered by solvents polarity. The size difference of the two conformations is over 5 Å in the vertical direction which is one of the largest changes among photochromic molecules based on dithienylethene. The accompanying conformational changes are analysed to understand the relationship between solvent characteristics and crystal structure, as well as the intermolecular interaction in solid state for all‐visible‐light triggered photoswitching molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel biphotochromic fluorescent switch molecule N‐2F derived from dithienylethene (DTE) and triphenylethylene (TPE) is reported. Interestingly, different photochromic and fluorescence phenomena of N‐2F are observed in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures. When fw ≤ 50%, N‐2F shows effective photochromic and fluorescent switch under alternating with 254 and 500 nm light irradiation due to the DTE unit undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions between its open and closed forms. However, when fw ≥ 60%, the strong blue‐green fluorescence of the original solution is almost quenched under 254 nm light irradiation, but becomes red fluorescent emission under 500 nm light irradiation. When further irradiated with 254 nm, the red fluorescent emission disappears, but it reappears upon 500 nm light illumination. The results reveal that DTE and TPE take cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating with 254 and 500 nm light irradiations, and TPE will take dehydrogenation reaction with further 254 nm irradiation. Moreover, N‐2F can easily obtain long length (about 2 cm) rod single crystal with high fluorescence quantum yield of 68.97%. Impressively, N‐2F shows excellent optical waveguide with very low loss coefficient of 0.171 dB mm−1. Therefore, N‐2F exhibits potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, multi‐color display, and functional photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three bright photoactivatable fluorescence probes are developed for Cu2+ detection. • A remarkably low limit of detection (5.8 nM) for Cu2+ is obtained. • The photoactivatable probes are used for Cu2+ detection in tap water and tea samples. • The proposed method is very reliable for Cu2+ detection in real samples. Photoactivatable probes can switch fluorescence on from a weak or nonemission state to improve the sensitivity of the sensing system. In this work, we successfully constructed three highly emissive photoactivatable probes, 2-DP, 1-2-DP and 2-2-DP, for Cu2+ detection. Under UV irradiation, the photoluminescence quantum yields of 2-DP, 1-2-DP and 2-2-DP display approximately 52.4-, 11.5- and 49.2-fold enhancement, respectively. Cu2+ selectively quenches the bright photoactivated fluorescence, resulting in an approximately 38-fold fluorescence reduction. The highly selective fluorescence response to Cu2+ yields an excellent low detection limit of 5.8 nM. Moreover, the photoactivatable probes were successfully applied for Cu2+ determination in tap water and tea samples with recovery ranges of 95%–105% and 97%–106%, respectively. This work provides a more sensitive and efficient methodology for Cu2+ detection in heavy metal pollution and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular hole-transporting materials (HTMs) having triphenylethylene central core were designed, synthesized, and employed in perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices. The synthesized HTM derivatives were obtained in a two- or three-step synthetic procedure, and their characteristics were analyzed by various thermoanalytical, optical, photophysical, and photovoltaic techniques. The most efficient PSC device recorded a 23.43% power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the longevity of the device employing V1509 HTM surpassed that of PSC with state-of-art spiro-OMeTAD as the reference HTM.

• Novel carbazole-based dyes JY60 - 62 decorated with TPE analogues have been developed. • The introduced AIE-type TPE analogues weaken the dyes' π-π stacking in aggregation. • Increasing steric volume or decreasing distortion of TPE affords a tradeoff result. • The non-modified TPE-based JY60 achieves nearly 30% enhanced PCE than TPE-free dye. Three metal-free organic dyes JY60-62 based on triphenylethylene (TPE)-decorated carbazole have been synthesized and applied as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. In comparison to TPE-free dye CVHTC , the anti π-π stacking characteristic stemming from the introduced TPE units helps JY60-62 to decrease the excited-state self-quenching in aggregation state and thus get better photovoltaic performance. Efforts on suppressing the unfavorable charge recombination by embellishing TPE with long hexyloxy chains (JY61), and facilitating the intramolecular charge transfer effect by improving the molecular planarity via the replacement of TPE's near-carbazole phenyl group with thiophene (JY62) seem not effective as expected, although slightly enhanced open-circuit voltage of JY61 -based devices and short-circuit current density of JY62 -based devices have been observed. Finally, the non-modified TPE-involved dye JY60 achieved the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.40%, exceeding approximate 30% of TPE-free dye CVHTC. These results reveal that original TPE unit without further redundant modification could work as an ideal building block for improving the photovoltaic properties of conventional easy-stacking dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamoxifen (TAM) is currently the endocrine treatment of choice for all stages of breast cancer; it has proven success in ER positive and ER negative patients. TAM is activated by endogenous CYP450 enzymes to the more biologically active metabolites 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen mainly via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5. CYP2D6 has been investigated for polymorphism; there is a large interindividual variation in the enzyme activity, this drastically effects clinical outcomes of tamoxifen treatment. Here in we report the design and synthesis of 10 novel compounds bearing a modified tamoxifen skeleton, ring C is substituted with different ester groups to bypass the CYP2D6 enzyme metabolism and employ esterase enzymes for activation. All compounds endorse flexibility on ring A. Compounds (II–X) showed MCF‐7% growth inhibition >50% at a screening dose of 10 μM. These results were validated by yeast estrogen screen (YES) and E‐Screen assay combined with XTT assay. Compound II (E/Z 4‐[1–4‐(3‐Dimethylamino‐propoxy)‐phenyl)‐3‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐2‐methyl‐propenyl]‐phenol) showed nanomolar antiestrogenic activity (IC50 = 510 nM in YES assay) and was five times more potent in inhibiting the growth of MCF‐7 BUS (IC50 = 96 nM) compared to TAM (IC50 = 503 nM). Esterified analogues VI, VII were three times more active than TAM on MCF‐7 BUS (IC50 = 167 nM). Novel analogues are prodrugs that can ensure equal clinical outcomes to all breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New tamoxifen-based compounds were designed and synthesized. • The new compounds acted as antiproliferative agents and apoptosis inducers. • The tamoxifen-xanthene hybrid 1 turned out to be the most active of the series. • Compound 1 also showed a favorable genotoxic profile. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer among women for which an exhaustive cure has not been discovered yet. Nowadays, tamoxifen still represents the gold standard for breast cancer therapy; it acts on both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers. Unfortunately, its toxicity and the related chemoresistance undermine its antitumor potential. In this paper, new tamoxifen-based derivatives with a rigid structural motif in their structure were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to assess their antitumor behavior. All the tested compounds affected estrogen receptor-positive tumor (MCF-7) cell growth, even with different extents, among which, the most active ones proved also to induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through activation of PARP cleavage, decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increase in Bim gene expression levels. Here we found that the compound 1 , carrying a rigid xanthene core, turned out to be the most promising of the set showing an activity profile comparable to that of tamoxifen. Furthermore, a more favorable genotoxic profile than tamoxifen made compound 1 a promising candidate for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient blue materials has been a continuous research topic in the field of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this paper, three aggregation‐induced emission enhancement active blue emitters, PIAnTPE, TPAAnTPE and CzAnTPE, are successfully synthesized by attaching a triphenylethylene unit and phenanthroimidazole/triphenylamine/carbazole moieties to the 9,10‐positions of anthracene, respectively. The three compounds exhibit good thermal stabilities, appropriate for the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and display high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 65, 70 and 46 % in the solid state. Non‐doped blue devices using PIAnTPE, TPAAnTPE and CzAnTPE as the emitting layers show good electroluminescent performances, with the maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 4.46, 4.13 and 4.04 %, respectively. More importantly, EQEs of all the three devices can be still retained when the luminescence reaches 1000 cd m−2, exhibiting quite small efficiency roll‐offs in the non‐doped OLEDs. Photoluminance: High‐efficiency blue emitters PIAnTPE, TPAAnTPE and CzAnTPE (see figure) are obtained and they exhibit EQEmax of 4.46, 4.13 and 4.04 %, respectively, in non‐doped OLEDs with low efficiency roll‐offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New tri- or tetraphenylethylene-substituted phenylcarbazole derivatives exhibiting aggregation-induced emission were synthesized by the synthetic route including Pd-catalyzed Suzuki or Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and Heck reactions. The results of evaluation of the thermal, optical, electrochemical, photophysical, and charge-transporting properties of the synthesized derivatives are presented. The compounds possess high thermal stabilities with 5% weight loss temperatures exceeding 350 °C. Some of the synthesized compounds form glasses with glass transition temperature ranging from 77 to 114 °C. Their maximum fluorescence intensity wavelengths are in the range of 472–498 nm. The highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 43.9% was observed for the solid sample of 2-(4-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenylethenyl)phenyl)-9-ethylcarbazole. The electron photoemission spectra of the films of the synthesized compounds revealed ionization potentials of 5.49–5.74 eV. Hole drift mobilities in the layers of 9-phenylcarbazole para- substituted with tri- or tetraphenylethylene moities reached 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at moderate electric fields, as established by the time-of-flight technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of triphenylethylene-based luminophoric molecules were efficiently synthesized. The substituent effect of the fluorophores on their photophysical properties was then investigated. Consequently, it was found that longer conjugated system and larger molecular dipole of the donor–π–acceptor fluorophores could result in bathochromic shifts of UV–vis absorption and emission bands, so do the Stokes shifts. Especially, full-color fluorescent emissions in both solution and solid states could be achieved by changing conjugation length and substituents with different electron-donating or accepting abilities in the triphenylethylene skeleton. The density functional theory calculations further demonstrated that with the increase of the electron-donating or accepting abilities of the substituents, the energy gaps of the fluorophores gradually decreased, which elucidated the substituent effect of the organic fluorophores on their photophysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural stability and the vibrational spectra of the anticancer drug tamoxifen and triphenylethylene were investigated by the DFT B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) calculations. Tamoxifen and triphenylethylene were predicted to exist predominantly as non-planar structures. The vibrational frequencies and the 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of the low energy structures of tamoxifen and triphenylethylene were computed at the DFT B3LYP level of theory. Complete vibrational assignments were provided by combined theoretical and experimental data of tamoxifen and triphenylethylene. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of both molecules were interpreted by experimental and DFT calculated chemical shifts of the two molecules. The RMSD between experimental and theoretical 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts for tamoxifen is 0.29 and 4.72 ppm, whereas for triphenylethylene, it is 0.16 and 2.70 ppm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel dimers of triphenylethylene-coumarin hybrid containing two amino side chains were designed and synthesized by the condensation of three dicarboxylic acids with the amino monomeric hybrids catalyzed by HATU and DIPEA at room temperature. All the dimeric compounds exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against four cancer cells at IC of near 10 μM, and higher than their corresponding monomeric compounds except compound 9b. Among them, compounds 9a (R = NEt) linked by sebacamide and 8b (R = piperidinyl) linked by adipamide were the best ones, respectively. UV-Vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies and thermal denaturation exhibited that the monomeric compounds 6b and the dimers 7b, 8b, and 9b had significant interactions with Ct-DNA by the intercalative mode of binding. The order of their anti-proliferative activities was 8b > 7b> 6b > 9b, in accordance with that of their DNA binding properties. Graphical abstract: Novel dimers of triphenylethylene-coumarin hybrid containing two amino side chains were designed and synthesized. All the dimeric compounds exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Both the length of the linker and the basic amino group had certain effects on their anti-proliferative activity. Anticancer activity and DNA binding property of the dimers of triphenylethylene-coumarin hybrid with two amino side chains [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Novel dimers of triphenylethylene–coumarin hybrid containing one amino side chain were designed and synthesized by the condensation of four dicarboxylic acids with the amino monomeric hybrids catalyzed by HATU and DIPEA at room temperature. The adding order of the reactants had a significant effect on the condensation reaction when the malonic acid was used. The dimeric compounds 7a and 7b linked by the malonic acid, showed a broad-spectrum and good anti-proliferative activity against four tumor cells and low cytotoxicity in osteoblast. UV–vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies and thermal denaturation exhibited that compounds 7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b had significant interactions with Ct-DNA by the intercalative mode of binding. Both the DNA binding properties and the anti-proliferative activities would be enhanced by dimerization of the monomeric hybrid with one amino side chain, and were significantly affected by the length of the linker (dicarboxylic acids). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Novel triphenylethylene–coumarin hybrids containing two amino side chains were designed and synthesized. Some of these 3,4-diphenyl coumarins, 7b–c (the double chains at 4-position on 3-,4-phenyl, respectively), and 13b–f (the double chains at 4-position on 3-phenyl and 7-position, respectively), showed a broad-spectrum and good anti-proliferative activity against five tumor cells and low cytotoxicity in osteoblast. UV–vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies and thermal denaturation exhibited that compounds 7b (R=piperidinyl), 7e (R=NEt2), and 7f (R=4-methylpiperazinyl) had significant interactions with Ct-DNA by the intercalative mode of binding. Structure activity relationships (SARs) analysis suggested that the location of the two amino alkyl chains would play an important role both in the compounds against tumor cells proliferation and their interactions with DNA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three triphenylethylene benzimidazole derivatives TPT-BI, TPPT-BI and TPB-BI which have aggregation-induced emission properties had been designed and synthesized. Their emission wavelengths and fluorescence intensity could be adjusted by introducing thienyl and benzene rings. And their solid-state fluorescence could be effectively tuned by mechanical grinding and solvent fuming. Furthermore, it could be applied in cell imaging as fluorochrome. [Display omitted] • Three TPT-based luminescent agents TPT-BI, TPPT-BI and TPB-BI were synthesized. • The products showed aggregation-induced emission properties and high quantum yield. • The products all exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic performance. • The products could be applied in cell imaging as fluorochrome. Three triphenylethylene benzimidazole derivatives TPT-BI , TPPT-BI and TPB-BI with aggregation-induced emission properties were synthesized, and the effect of connecting aromatic rings was studied. Among these TPT-based luminescent agents, TPT-BI showed the biggest red-shift, which may be due to the noncoplanar structure caused by thiophene as a connection ring. TPB-BI displayed the strongest fluorescence emission intensity and the longest lifetime, which may be due to the longest conjugate chain caused by two benzene rings as connection ring. Moreover, their solid-state fluorescence could be effectively adjusted through mechanical grinding and solvent fuming, and they all exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic performance. Furthermore, these TPT-based luminescent agents showed low toxicity and biocompatibility, so they could be used as fluorescent dyes for cell imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Novel triphenylethylene–coumarin hybrid derivatives containing different amounts of amino side chains were designed and synthesized in good yields under microwave radiation. The derivatives 5b–d which possessed two amino side chains (except morpholinyl) showed a broad-spectrum and good anti-proliferative activity against five tumor cells and low cytotoxicity in osteoblast. UV–vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies and thermal denaturation exhibited that compounds 10c, 5c, and 13c bearing amino side chain (except morpholinyl) on 4-phenyl had significant interactions with Ct-DNA by the intercalative mode of binding. Structure–activity relationships (SARs) analysis suggested that the amino alkyl chain would play an important role both in the compounds against tumor cells proliferation and their interactions with DNA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three new tetraphenylethylene based oligomers bearing triphenylethylene moiety were synthesized utilizing Suzuki coupling reaction and their aggregation-induced emission properties were studied. They show excellent solubility in common organic solvents and emit light in blue region (440−504nm). AIE effect is predominant for tetra-substituted TPE (20.1-fold) than mono-substituted one (4.5-fold). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The electrochemical reduction of triphenylethylene (TriPE) was studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing 0.1M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate supporting electrolyte through the use of cyclic voltammetry. Experiments were conducted using two different mercury hemisphere electrode sizes (radii 3 and 25μm) and with TriPE concentrations of 0.50 and 2.00mM so as to span fully the transition from convergent to linear diffusion and steady state to transient voltammetry. Voltammetric responses obtained display two sucessive reduction waves with formal potentials separated by ca. 290mV. Taking the diffusion coeffient of TriPE, TriPE − and TriPE2− to be 2.8×10−10 m2 s−1, excellent fits between simulation and experiments were obtained across all experimental conditions, with the following DISP2 reaction scheme: Heterogeneous reactions: Homogeneous reactions: TriPE − +TriPE − ⇌TriPE+TriPE2− K DISP =1.3×10−5, kf ,DISP =5.0×104 mol−1 dm3 s−1 where k 0 denotes the standard electrochemical rate constant, α the transfer coefficient, the standard formal potential, K DISP the equilibrium constant of the disproportionation reaction, kf, DISP the rate of the forward reaction of disproportionation, Keq the equilibrium constant of the decay of TriPE2−, and kf the rate of the forward reaction of the decay of TriPE2−. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

New aggregation-induced emission (AIE) compounds derived from triphenylethylene were synthesized. The thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and aggregation-induced emissive properties were investigated. All the compounds had strong blue light emission capability and good thermal stability. Their maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths were between 443 to 461 nm in solid states, while their glass transition temperatures ranged from 86 to 129 °C. The decomposition temperatures of the synthesized compounds were in the range of 432-534 °C. The synthesized compounds possessed aggregation-induced emission properties, namely exhibited enhanced fluorescence emission in aggregated states. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels estimated from the oxidation potentials were between 5.61 and 5.66 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital/highest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO/HOMO) energy gap values were found to be in the range of 3.18-3.22 eV. The compounds 4-(4-(2,2-bis(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)vinyl)phenyl) dibenzothiophene [(BN)Bt] and 4-(4-(2,2-di(biphenyl-4-yl)vinyl)phenyl) dibenzothiophene [(BB)Bt] exhibited vibronic fine-structure photoluminescence spectra when the water fraction was less than 70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New aggregation-induced emission materials derived from diphenylcarbazole triphenylethylene were prepared. The thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and aggregation-induced emissive properties were investigated. All the compounds had strong blue light emission capability and excellent thermal stability. Their maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths were between 450 to 460 nm in TLC plates, while their glass transition temperatures ranged from 162.2 to 182.4 °C. The decomposition temperatures of the synthesized compounds were all well over 500 °C. The synthesized compounds possessed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, which exhibited enhanced fluorescence emissions in aggregation states or in solid states. The HOMO energy levels estimated from the oxidation potentials were found in the range from 5.49 to5.52 eV. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital/highest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO/HOMO) energy gaps (ΔEg) for the compounds were estimated from the onset absorption wavelengths of UV absorption spectra and ranged from 3.04 to 3.20 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the worth of developing non-steroidal estrogen analogues, the present research explores the pharmacophores of 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2,2-triphenylethylenes (Fig. 1) for post-coital antifertility activity using electrotopological state atom (E-state) index. The study shows the efficacy of E-state index in developing statistically acceptable model, which explains the electronic environment and topological states of different atoms in a molecule. The exploration concluded that phenyl ring attached to an ethylenic moiety, para substitution by nucleophilic group on the phenyl ring and presence of strong electronegative group as the 4th substituent on the 1st carbon of the ethylenic moiety might be crucial for activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: New selective estrogen-receptor modulators for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer are currently the focus of intense research. (Deaminohydroxy)toremifene (Z-2-[4-(4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; FC-1271a) has been shown to prevent bone resorption in rats while having no or weak estrogen-like effects on the uterus, which makes it a good candidate drug for osteoporosis prevention. Our purpose here was to examine the pharmacokinetics of (deaminohydroxy)toremifene in humans included in two phase-I studies. Methods: The first was a single-dose, dose-escalation study with 28 healthy male volunteers. Doses ranged from 10 mg to 800 mg. The second study was conducted during a 12-week period with 40 healthy, post-menopausal women, who received repeated oral doses of 25–200 mg. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed. Results: In the single-dose study, time to reach peak concentration (tmax) ranged from 1.3 h to 4.0 h; peak concentration (Cmax) ranged from 15 ng/ml to 445 ng/ml; and the estimated terminal elimination half-life (mean ± SD; t1/2) was 24.8 ± 7.0 h. In the repeated-dose study, tmax ranged from 1.9 h to 2.6 h at 6 weeks and from 2.5 h to 2.9 h at 12 weeks. Cmax ranged from 295 ng/ml to 1043 ng/ml at 6 weeks and from 25 ng/ml to 1211 ng/ml at 12 weeks. The average t1/2 at all dose levels was 29.7 ± 1.5 h (overall mean ± SD). Strong linear correlations between the dose and Cmax and between the dose and the area under the curve were observed in both studies. Conclusion: Our results indicate that (deaminohydroxy)toremifene has pharmacokinetics suitable for single daily dosing. The prophylactic use of this agent in women susceptible to development of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer could, therefore, be tested using a once-daily dosing schedule similar to those of other hormone-replacement therapy regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New triphenylethylene-based derivatives, containing 2,6-di- tert -butylcarbazole or 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine as donor moieties and phenylene or tetrafluorophenylene linking bridges were synthesised by Heck coupling and characterized. The synthesized compounds emitted blue light in the solid state with emission maxima in the range of 478–487 nm and photoluminescence quantum yields of 16–29%. In thermogravimetric analysis they demonstrated sublimation with 5% weight loss temperatures in the range of 307–355 °C. They exhibited glass-forming properties with glass-transition temperatures of 89–123 °C. The solid-state ionization potentials and electrochemical band gaps ranged from 5.88 to 6.37 eV and from 3.30 to 3.57 eV, respectively. Three compounds demonstrated bipolar semiconducting properties. Derivative of triphenylethylene and 2,6-di- tert -butylcarbazole with phenylene bridge showed highest hole and electron drift mobilities reaching 3.07 × 10−3 cm2/Vs and 4.2 × 10−3 cm2/Vs respectively at high electric field. Utilizing compounds in organic light‐emitting diodes as emitters external quantum efficiency of 2% was observed. ga1 • Study on neutral phenylene versus electron-accepting tetrafluorophenylene as the linking bridge. • Organic semiconductors that exhibit blue AIEE. • Organic semiconductors with bipolar charge mobilities exceeding 10 3 cm2/V∙s at high electric fields. • Non-doped sky-blue fluorescent OLEDs exhibiting external quantum efficiency of 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four newly synthesized tetraphenylethene or triphenylethylene-modified fluorescent dyes were reported. All synthesized luminophores displayed typical aggregation-induced emission effects, with bright and varying aggregative-state emission involving multiple fluorescence colors containing yellow, orange, green, and yellow-green. In addition, these luminogens also showed different fluorescence in the solid state. Meanwhile, their solid-state fluorescence could be effectively switched by mechanical grinding and solvent fuming except for luminogen 4. More specifically, luminogen 1 exhibited a weak mechanofluorochromic response with a color change from yellow to yellowish brown, whereas luminogen 4 displayed negligible mechanofluorochromism behavior. In stark contrast to luminogens 1 and 4 , luminogens 2 and 3 in the solid state were characterized by reversible high-contrast mechanochromic phenomena involving distinct fluorescent color changes from green to orange and from blue to yellow, respectively. These contrasting fluorescence changes were due to the morphological conversion from stable crystalline state to metastable amorphous state. Image 1 • Four fluorene or anthracene-based fluorescent dyes were synthesized. • All four compounds exhibited typical aggregation-induced emission properties. • Luminophors 1 – 4 showed varying fluorescence colors in the aggregation state. • Luminophors 1 – 4 showed tunable solid-state fluorescence. • Luminophors 1 – 4 displayed contrasting mechanofluorochromic characteristics. Synopsis: Four highly solid-state emissive compounds with typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties were reported, and these luminophors displayed contrasting mechanofluorochromic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of triphenylethylene-naphthalimide (TPE-naph) conjugates was synthesized by a molecular hybridization technique, and their anticancer activity was evaluated in vitro on 60 human cancer cell lines through their cytotoxicity. The ratios of E and Z isomers were determined on the basis of HPLC methodology and NMR spectroscopy. The structure-activity relationship for anticancer activity was deduced on the basis of the nature and bulkiness of the amine attached to the C-4 position of the naphthalene ring. Experimental and molecular modeling studies of the most active TPE-naph conjugate bearing a morpholinyl group showed that it was able to inhibit topoisomerase-II (TOPO-II) as a possible intracellular target. Moreover, the transportation behavior of TPE-naph conjugate towards human serum albumin (HSA) indicated efficient binding affinity. The steady-state and time-dependent fluorescent results suggested that this conjugate quenched HSA significantly through static as well as dynamic quenching. Thus, this report discloses the scope of triphenylethylene-naphthalimide (TPE-naph) conjugates as efficient anticancer agents., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)