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Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778) Ricinus canis De Geer, 1778: 81, pl. 4: fig. 16. Pediculus canis O. Fabricius, 1780: 215. Trichodectes latus Nitzsch, 1818: 296. Trichodectes octopunctatus Denny, 1852: 29. Unnecessary nomen novum for Trichodectes latus Nitzsch, 1818. Trichodectes Riveti [sic] Neumann, 1913: 614, figs 7–8. Trichodectes floridanus McGregor, 1917: 168, pl. 16: figs 3, 5. Trichodectes latifrons Fahrenholz, 1919: 363. Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778); Werneck 1948: 111. Trichodectes canis; Macadam et al. 1984: 37. Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778); Price et al. 2003: 274, fig. 264. Type host: Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 —Domestic dog. Type locality: Europe. Malaysian host: Canis lupus familiaris. Malaysian locality: Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) Malaysian Borneo (Macadam et al. 1984). Geographical distribution: Worldwide, except Antarctica. Remarks: Trichodectes canis is a prevalent parasite of dogs (Durden 2019), that also parasitises several other hosts (Price et al. 2003: 274). The only record of T. canis in Malaysia is from domestic dogs in multiple locations of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo (Macadam et al. 1984). Whether T. canis in Malaysia is more prevalent on hosts in forest areas, as shown by Macadam et al. (1984), needs to be confirmed., Published as part of Kazim, Abdul-Rahman, Houssaini, Jamal, Tappe, Dennis & Heo, Chong-Chin, 2023, An annotated checklist of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera, Amblycera Rhynchophthirina) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, pp. 40-60 in Zootaxa 5263 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7797797, {"references":["De Geer, C. (1778) Des Ricins. Pp. 69 - 82, pl. 4. In: Memoires pour servir a l'histoire des insectes. Volume 7. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm. xii + 950 pp., 49 pls.","Fabricius, O. (1780) Fauna Groenlandica systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata. J. G. Rothe, Hafniae et Lipsiae. xvi + 452 pp., pl. 1.","Nitzsch, C. L. (1818) Die Familien und Gattungen der Theierinsekten (Insecta epizoica); als ein Prodromus einer Naturgeschichte derselben. E. F. Germar's Magazin der Entomologie, 3, 261 - 318.","Denny, H. (1852) List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. Part XI. Anoplura, or parasitic insects. Trustees of the British Museum, London. iv + 51 pp.","Neumann, L. G. (1913) Notes sur les Mallophages - III. Archives de Parasitologie, Paris, 15 (4), 608 - 634","McGregor, E. A. (1917) Six new species of Mallophaga from North American mammals. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10 (1), 167 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 10.2.167","Fahrenholz, H. (1919) Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit. In: Schwalbe, G. \" Uber die Bedeutung der ausseren Parasiten fur die Phylogenie der Saugetiere und des Menschen \". Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie, 21, 361 - 364.","Werneck, F. L. (1948) Os malofagos de mamiferos. Parte I: Amblycera e Ischnocera (Philopteridae e parte de Trichodectidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Special Volume, 1 - 243 pp.","Macadam, I., Gudan, D., Timbs, D. V., Urquhart, H. R. & Sewell, M. M. H. (1984) Metazoan parasites of dogs in Sabah, Malaysia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 16, 34 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02248927","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Volume 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, iv + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Durden, L. A. (2019) Chapter 7. Lice (Phthiraptera). In: Mullen, G. R. & Durden, L. A. (Eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 3 rd Edition. Academic Press Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814043 - 7.00007 - 8"]}

Dogs harbour a wide array of parasites and have been implicated in the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. In a community-based cross-sectional study, 292 dogs and 241 dog owners were examined for parasites in urban and rural communities of Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of dog owners and identify possible risk factors. Ectoparasites were collected from dog fur and preserved in 70% alcohol before identification. Freshly passed stools from dogs and their owners were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. Ectoparasites were present on 199 (68.2%) dogs, while 239 (81.8%) had intestinal parasites. Six ectoparasite species identified were Ctenocephalides canis (5.5%), C. felis (39.7%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.3%), Haemaphysalis leachii (48.9), Trichodectes canis (2.1%) and Linognathus spp (1.7%). Gastrointestinal parasites identified in dogs wereToxocara canis (55.8%), Ascaris spp (36%), Ancylostoma spp (40.1%), Trichuris spp (7.5%), Isospora spp (14.4%) and Toxascaris leonina (15.1%). Prevalence of gastrointestinal as well as ectoparasites were higher in rural communities with more mongrels infected compared to exotic breeds (p < 0.001). Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancyclostoma spp and Trichuris spp were identified in 99 (41.1%) of the dog owners. There was a significant relationship (r=0.36, p < 0.001) between the prevalence of infection in dogs and their owners. Most (75%) of the dog owners were aware only of the possibility of contracting rabies but not other zoonotic parasitic infections from their dogs. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal and ectoparasites of dogs in these communities suggests a very high risk of parasite transmission among dogs, their owners and other inhabitants of the community. The need for intervention programs including regular anti-parasitic treatment of dogs and health education which emphasizes the dangers of zoonotic infections in these communities is imperative. Keywords: Dog owners, Ectoparasites, Gastrointestinal parasites, Urban and Rural dogs, Zoonoses

Resumen Introducción. Los endoparásitos y ectoparásitos en perros son de distribución mundial. La estrecha relación entre los perros y el hombre implica un riesgo de transmisión de parasitosis zoonóticas, por lo cual es necesario conocer las especies que parasitan a los perros de esta zona y determinar los factores asociados. Objetivos. Estimar la prevalencia de endoparásitos y ectoparásitos, identificarlos en perros domiciliados de la zona metropolitana de Toluca, México, y determinar la prevalencia de Dipyilidium caninum en pulgas del género Ctenocephalides spp. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de 402 perros que fueron llevados a consulta en cuatro hospitales de referencia de Toluca. En el diagnóstico de endoparásitos, se utilizaron las técnicas coproparasitoscópicas de frotis directo, flotación y sedimentación; además, se recolectaron ectoparásitos para su identificación taxonómica. Por último, la detección de D. caninum en pulgas se hizo mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Resultados. El 37,2 % de los perros resultó positivo para endoparásitos. Los géneros o especies identificados fueron Toxocara spp., Giardia spp., Ancylostoma spp., Cystoisospora spp., D. caninum, Taenia spp. y Trichuris vulpis. Se determinó una prevalencia de ectoparásitos de 13,13 %. Se identificaron pulgas de las especies Ctenocephalides felis y C. canis, en tanto que solo un animal presentó parasitosis por Rhipicephalus sanguineus y otro por Trichodectes canis. La prevalencia de D. caninum en pulgas fue del 9,5 %. Conclusión. La prevalencia de endoparásitos fue de 37,2 % y, la de ectoparásitos, de 13,1 %. Por primera vez en México se hizo un análisis de endoparásitos y ectoparásitos en una misma población de perros, así como el diagnóstico molecular de D. caninum. Abstract Introduction: Endoparasites and ectoparasites in dogs are of global distribution. The close relationship between dogs and man implies a risk for the transmission of zoonotic parasites. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the parasites hosted by dogs in specific areas and the factors associated with their presence. Objectives: To identify and to estimate the prevalence of endoparasites and ectoparasites in domiciled dogs in the Metropolitan area of Toluca, México, and the prevalence of D. caninum in fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides spp. Materials and methods: We collected samples from 402 domiciled dogs in four reference hospitals in the area in Toluca. We diagnosed endoparasites using direct smear, flotation, and sedimentation techniques and we performed the taxonomic identification of ectoparasites. Finally, the molecular diagnosis of D. caninum in fleas was made using the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). Results: A total of 37.2% of dogs were positive for endoparasites; the genera or species identified were Toxocara spp., Giardia spp., Ancylostoma spp., Cystoisospora spp., D. caninum, Taenia spp., and Trichuris vulpis; the prevalence of ectoparasites was 13.13%. We identified fleas of the species Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis; only one animal was parasitized with Rhipicephalus sanguineus and another one with Trichodectes canis; the prevalence of D. caninum in fleas was 9.5%. Conclusion: The prevalence of endoparasites was 37.2% while that of ectoparasites was 13.1%; this is the first analysis of endoparasites and ectoparasites conducted in the same population of dogs in México together with the molecular diagnosis of D. caninum in fleas.

La pediculosis canina es una parasitosis causada por la infestación de diferentes especies de piojos. Clínicamente se caracteriza por alopecia, prurito y costras epidérmicas. En casos severos, debido a la molestia generada por el prurito, los animales pueden disminuir el consumo de alimento y presentar depresión y pérdida de peso. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso de infestación por Trichodectes canis en un perro en la Provincia de Salta, Argentina, destacándose diferentes aspectos del diagnóstico clínico-parasitológico. Se presentó́ a consulta un canino macho de 45 días de edad. Clínicamente el animal manifestaba prurito intenso. Al examen de la piel, se observaron pápulas y cicatrices en zona dorsal del tronco, cuello y cabeza con presencia de escamas. Además, se observaron ectoparásitos que fueron conservados en alcohol 70º para su posterior identificación. En el estudio taxonómico se determinó que se trataba de T. canis. El paciente fue tratado con aplicación tópica de 2-Isopropoxifenil-N-Metilcarbamato al 2.3 %, durante tres días seguidos con una aplicación cada 24 horas mostrando mejoría absoluta una semana después del tratamiento. Este registro constituye el primer caso clínico descripto formalmente de dicha afección en caninos a nivel nacional. Canine pediculosis is a parasitic disease caused by the infestation of different species of lice. Clinically it is characterized by alopecia, pruritus and epidermal scabs. In severe cases, due to the discomfort generated by the pruritus, the animals can decrease food consumption and exhibit depression and weight loss. The objective of this work is to describe a case of Trichodectes canis infestation in a dog from the Province of Salta, Argentina, highlighting different traits of the clinical-parasitological diagnosis. A 45-day-old male canine was presented for consultation. Clinically, the animal manifested intense itching. On examination of the skin, papules and scars were observed in the dorsal area of the trunk, neck and head with the presence of scales. In addition, ectoparasites were observed and kept in alcohol at 70º for their later identification. In the taxonomic study it was determined that it was T. canis. The patient was treated with topical application of 2.3% 2-Isopropoxyphenyl-NMethylcarbamate, for three consecutive days with an application every 24 hours, showing absolute improvement one week after treatment. This record constitutes the first formally described clinical case of a disease in canines at the national level. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido Fil: Olmos, Leandro Hipólito. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina Fil: Olmos, Leandro Hipólito. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Vitulli Moya, Marisol. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina

Lice are small wingless insects in the order Phthiraptera. Historically, the chewing louse Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein) was described from marsupials to the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.). Clinical manifestations of infestations by chewing lice are characterized by intense irritation and inflammation of the skin. We found six of 337 domiciled dogs from Tabasco State, Southeastern Mexico infested by chewing lice. Dogs were systematically examined, and ectoparasites were removed using a fine-toothed comb. Lice were deposited on a white sheet of paper and placed into plastic containers. The dog houses sampled were typically small and built of cement, and most inhabitants lived in vulnerable conditions. This is the first record of H. spiniger and the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer), infesting domestic dogs in Mexico. H. spiniger was present in the six dogs infested by lice, and T. canis co-infested one of them. Therefore, six infested dogs (100%) were positive for H. spi...

A total of 200 dogs and 137 cats were examined for the presence of fleas, ticks and lice in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia from September 2009 through April 2010. At least one ectoparasite species was found on 97% (194/200) of the dogs and 90.5% (124/137) of the cats. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis (95%), Pulex irritans (20.5%), Echidnophaga gallinacea (9%) and Xenopsylla cheopis (0.5%)), ticks (Haemaphysalis leachi (17.5%), Amblyomma variegatum (8.5%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (5.5%) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (2.5%)) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger (5%), Linognathus setosus (1.5%) and Trichodectes canis (0.5%)) were identified. On cats, fleas (C. felis (61.7%), E. gallinacea (24.1%), P. irritans (1.5%) and X. cheopis (0.7%)) and ticks (Ha. leachi (10.9%), Am. variegatum (1.5%) and Rh. sanguineus (0.7%)) were identified. C. felis was identified as the predominant ectoparasite on both dogs and cats. The overall frequency and count of ectoparasites was higher on dogs than on cats. Significantly higher overall frequency of fleas on young versus adult cats (p = .01) was recorded. However, ticks were significantly higher on adult cats than on young cats (p = .01). In conclusion, this study demonstrated great species diversity and high frequency of ectoparasites on dogs and cats in the study area. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these ectoparasites in transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans and animals in Ethiopia.

Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778) Ricinus canis De Geer, 1778: 81, pl. 4, fig. 16. Nuevo León: no host, no date (Quiroz- Martínez & Cantu 1995). Tabasco: Canis lupus familiaris, Cárdenas, Centla, Villahermosa, May–June 2015 (Torres-Chable et al. 2017)., Published as part of Sánchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía, Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["De Geer, C. (1778) Des poux. In: de Geer, C., Memoires pour servir a l'histoire des insectes. Vol. 7. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm, pp. 62 - 69."]}

Highlights • Sampling locations for Trichodectes canis detection on gray wolves are evaluated. • Potassium hydroxide hide digestion utilized for lice enumeration. • Increased sample size improves precision at cost of surveillance acceptability. • Small groin samples can provide acceptable comparisons of infestation severity., Graphical Abstract The mean proportion of Trichodectes canis was significantly different between 100 cm2 hide subsections (F = 3.70, P = 0.0185). Highest mean proportion of T. canis was the rump subsection. Although the optimal sampling location for T. canis detection is the large one-eights hide section representing most caudal region of the wolf, subsection 3 (groin) is the most cost-effective and hunter-acceptable for surveillance via KOH dissolution., Trichodectes canis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) was first documented on Alaska (USA) gray wolves (Canis lupus) on the Kenai Peninsula in 1981. In subsequent years, numerous wolves exhibited visually apparent, moderate to severe infestations. Currently, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game utilizes visual inspection, histopathology, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) hide digestion for T. canis detection. Our objective was to determine optimal sampling locations for T. canis detection. Wolf hides were subjected to lice enumeration using KOH hide digestion. Thirty nine of the 120 wolves examined had lice. Of these 39, total louse burdens ranged from 14 to an extrapolated 80,000. The hides of 12 infested animals were divided into 10 cm by 10 cm subsections and the lice enumerated on a subsection from each of four regions: neck; shoulder; groin; and rump. Combining the data from these 12 wolves, the highest mean proportions of the total louse burdens on individual wolves were found on the rump and differed significantly from the lowest mean proportion on the neck. However, examination of the four subsections failed to detect all infested wolves. Hides from 16 of the 39 infested animals were cut into left and right sides, and each side then cut into four, approximately equal sections: neck and shoulder; chest; abdomen; and rump. Half hides were totally digested from 11 wolves, and whole hides from 5. For these 21 half hides, the highest mean proportions of total louse burdens were found on the rump, and this section had the highest sensitivity for louse detection, regardless of burden. However, removal of this large section from a hide would likely be opposed by hunters and trappers.

One cause of pruritus in dogs is pediculosis, a disease transmitted by the high infestation of lice. We report two cases of pediculosis by Trichodectes canis in different stages of life: in a puppy dog and in an adult dog. In the first case, a female Chow Chow puppy dog, 2 months old, was presented showing clinical signs such as incoordination, poor body status, tangled hair in the ventral thoracic and abdominal area, pruritus, intense skin flaking, and seborrhea and sebaceous secretion besides fleas and lice. In the other case, an adult female Cocker Spaniel dog was attended, 8 years old, with severe itching, weight loss, listlessness, erythema in the abdominal area, neck, and ears, and presence of lice. The treatment for pediculosis caused by T. canis is simple, based on the application of fipronil spot-on. Thus, the veterinary practitioner should be aware of diseases that demonstrate seborrhea and pruritus, and include the infestation by T. canis in the differential diagnosis.

Only two species of biting louse, Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein) (43.27%) and Trichodectes canis (De Geer) (13.47%) have been recorded from 245 dogs examined in twelve different localities in Jaunpur district during 2009 to 2011. Female dogs were found most prevalent in comparison to the male in both the cases. Different parameters like host sex, hair colour, hygienic condition, health and age group have been taken into the consideration during the survey. Older age groups, unhealthy and unhygienic condition of dogs were found more prone for the lice. In case of relative intensity of lice 38% were found moderately infested with H. spiniger while 23% and 16% were very light and light infested. Only 12% could be recorded heavy infested dog while 8% remained very heavy infested. Similar trends were recorded for T. canis where moderate infestation followed by very light, light, heavy and very heavy infestation respectively. Besides these two lice, some other ectoparasites (ticks, mites and fleas) (5.31%) were also recorded casually but not used the data for prevalence.

A novel spot-on formulation containing fipronil (Eliminall(®)/Exproline vet™) Spot-on Solution for Dogs, Pfizer Animal Health, registered and manufactured by Krka, d.d, Novo mesto) was evaluated in three laboratory studies to confirm efficacy against fleas, ticks and chewing lice on dogs for at least one month. Control of two laboratory strains of cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), two tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor reticulatus) and the chewing louse (Trichodectes canis) was evaluated. In all studies, dogs were randomly allocated to treatment groups and compared with untreated dogs. The studies also included a commercial, comparator product containing fipronil (Frontline(®) spot-on, Merial Limited). All treatments were applied to the skin at one spot between the scapulae on Day 0. In the studies, dogs were infested with fleas and/or ticks prior to treatment and then reinfested at weekly intervals for up to 8 weeks after treatment and evaluated for efficacy at 2 days (48 h) after treatment and each reinfestation. These studies confirmed that treatment with the novel fipronil spot-on at the proposed commercial dose rate rapidly reduced existing infestations of fleas, ticks and chewing lice on dogs. Treatment provided control of reinfesting fleas for up to 8 weeks, up to 4 weeks control of ticks, and control of chewing lice.

Biting dog lice (Trichodectes canis) were first detected on wolves (Canis lupus) in Southcentral Alaska (USA) in 1981 introduced via domestic dogs. Lice infestation expanded north via wolf dispersal to the Tanana Flats of Interior Alaska in December 2003. Effects of this ectoparasite on wolves were persistent with moderate to severe clinical signs of pediculosis lasting multiple generations. Our objectives were to evaluate the extent of lice infestation on wolves within the Tanana Flats and develop a management program that limited further transmission. We implemented a treatment method that consisted of multiple applications of oral antiparasitic ivermectin-injected baits aerially distributed at den and rendezvous sites during mid-May through August. During 2005–2010, we evaluated 12–19 packs annually as part of a treatment group and 3 infested packs as a control. Infestation rates of treatment packs prior to treatment varied from 15% in 2005 (2 of 13), 50% in 2006 (7 of 14), 24% in 2007 (4 of 17), 5% in 2008 (1 of 19), and 0% in 2009–2010 (0 of 19). We treated 50%, 71%, and 75% of the infested treatment packs during 2005–2007, respectively. All treated packs were lice-free the winter following treatment, whereas all 3 control packs remained infested. The combination of treatment and harvest successfully eliminated the local source population of lice within 3 years and we found no evidence of lice infestation within the treatment area during the last 3 years of the study. By using this treatment method, managers can eliminate dog lice infestations of wolves in areas ≤13,000 km2. By initiating treatment promptly after detection, transmission to unexposed nearby packs can be postponed and the local source population of lice on wolves eradicated. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.

To establish the diversity and seasonality of ectoparasite infestation in client-owned dogs in Albania, 602 dogs visiting four small animal clinics in Tirana from March 2010 to April 2011 inclusive were examined for ectoparasites by full body search and total body comb. In addition, ear swab specimens collected from all dogs and scrapings taken from skin lesions suspicious of mite infestation were examined for parasitic mites. Overall, 93 dogs (15.4 %, 95%CI 12.6–18.6) were demonstrated to be infested, and nine species of ectoparasites were identified: Ixodes ricinus, 0.8 %; Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l., 8.1 %; Demodex canis, 0.2 %; Sarcoptes scabiei, 0.7 %; Otodectes cynotis, 2.8 %; Ctenocephalides canis, 4.8 %; Ctenocephalides felis, 3.0 %; Pulex irritans, 0.2 %; and Trichodectes canis, 0.2 %. Single and multiple infestations with up to four species of ectoparasites concurrently were recorded in 67 (11.1 %, 95%CI 8.7–13.9) and 26 dogs (4.3 %, 95%CI 2.8–6.3), respectively. On univariate analysis, the category of breed (pure breed dogs vs. mixed-breed dogs), the dog’s purpose (pet, hunting dog, working dog), the housing environment (mainly indoors/indoors with regular outside walking vs. yard plus kennel/run), the history of ectoparasiticide treatment and the season of examination were identified as significant (p

Bartonellae are gram-negative facultative intracellular alpha-proteobacteria from the family Bartonellaceae. The natural history of bartonellae consists of a reservoir/host, which is a vertebrate with chronic intravascular infection with sustained bacteremia, and a vector (usually an arthropod) that transfers the bacteria from the reservoir to a susceptible yet uninfected host. In order to reveal the sources and reservoirs of Bartonella infection in animals and vectors in New Caledonia, we collected the blood samples of 64 dogs, 8 cats, 30 bovines, 25 horses and 29 wild deer Cervus timorensis russa and 308 associated blood-sucking parasites (14 keds Hippobosca equina, 258 ticks (22 Rhipicephalus microplus, 235 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 1 Haemaphysalis longicornis), 12 fleas Ctenocephalides felis and 24 dog lice Trichodectes canis). We isolated ten strains of Bartonella: four Bartonella henselae from cats and six Bartonella chomelii from cattle. The strains were characterized by sequencing of five genes (16S, ITS, rpoB, gltA and ftsZ). The six strains isolated from cattle were close to the reference strain of B. chomelii and were, probably, imported from France with cattle of Limousin race. PCR showed that 35% of keds collected from deer and 31% of deer were infected by B. aff. schoenbuchensis; all other samples were negative. Our data confirmed that in New Caledonia, as in other regions of the world, cats are the major reservoirs of B. henselae. We also confirmed that Hippoboscidae flies may serve as the vectors of ruminant-associated bartonellae.

This paper reports the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in sampled groups of wild (n = 128; 16 species) and domestic (n = 69; 3 species) animals in the Las Merindades area of the Province of Burgos, Spain. The study revealed that wild animals were more infested and with a wider variety of ectoparasites than domestic animals. The parasitic prevalence was 67% for wild animals and 48% for livestock. In this way, 39% of animals were infected by ticks. Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus were the most prevalent species whereas Dermacentor reticulatus showed affinity for the fox and wolf. The overall prevalence of parasitisation by fleas was 27%. Ctenophthalmus spp. showed the wider range host in wild animals, while Pulex irritans was the most frequent specie found. The parasitic prevalences by lice (Trichodectes melis, Trichodectes canis and Trichodectes mustelae) and by mite (Neotrombicula spp., Laelaps agilis and Sarcoptes scabiei) were 4% and 12%, respectively. In both cases only wild animals were found parasited.

One hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around Tirana, Albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. The dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (December-February), spring (March-May), and summer (June-August); the cats were examined in late autumn (November). In addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. The arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus), three mite species (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, Otodectes cynotis, and Demodex canis), three flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulex irritans), and one louse species (Trichodectes canis). In the dogs, rates of infestation were 23.8% for R. sanguineus, 0.6% for I. ricinus, 4.4% for S. scabiei var. canis, 6.7% for O. cynotis, 0.6% for D. canis, 75.7% for C. canis, 5.0% for C. felis, 8.3% for P. irritans, and 6.6% for T. canis. Mixed infestation with two or three species of ectoparasites was recorded on 38.1% of the dogs. Fleas infested 75.7% dogs (geometric mean, 3.96; range, 1-80) and were observed in winter, spring, and summer with increasing prevalences of 64.3%, 75.9%, and 100%. Ticks parasitized 24.3% of the dogs (geometric mean, 0.41; range, 1-331). R. sanguineus ticks were recorded on 34.2% and 50% of the dogs examined in spring and summer, respectively, but were absent on the dogs during winter except for a single I. ricinus specimen observed. Prevalence of infestation with R. sanguineus, S. scabiei var. canis, C. felis, P. irritans, and T. canis did not differ between dogsor = 6 months and dogs6 months of age; however, prevalence of infestation with C. canis was significantly (p0.01) higher in dogs6 months old. There was no difference between the sexes for the prevalences of infestation with those parasites. The examination of the cats revealed infestation with only one species of ectoparasite, C. felis (prevalence, 100%; geometric mean, 2.5; range, 1-9).

Two negative controlled GCP studies of identical design were conducted in adult mixed-breed dogs to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid-containing formulations when used at the minimum therapeutic dose to treat an existing natural infestation of dog lice (Trichodectes canis), and to control lice infestation for five weeks, following a single topical administration.

The presence of the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778; Ischnocera: Trichodectidae), is reported for the first time in the critically endangered Pseudalopex fulvipes (Martin, 1837) in Chiloe Island, south Chile.

Twenty-six coyotes (Canis latrans) collected in Florida, U.S.A., were examined for parasites. Nine species of helminths (1 trematode, 1 cestode, 6 nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan), 1 species of biting louse, and 2 species of ticks were identified. Dirofilaria immitis (43%), Ancylostoma caninum (33%), Physaloptera rara (29%), and Taenia pisiformis (24%) were the most prevalent helminths. Macracanthorhynchus ingens is reported from coyotes for the first time, and Spirocerca lupi is reported in coyotes from Florida for the first time. Ectoparasites collected included the biting louse Trichodectes canis and the ticks Amblyomma maculatum and Dermacentor variabilis. A coyote infected with 66 Di. immitis had evidence of chronic pulmonary arteritis and medial hypertrophy of pulmonary aterioles.

The efficacy of selamectin was evaluated against naturally acquired Trichodectes canis infestations on dogs and against Felicola subrostratus infestations on cats. Twenty dogs and 18 cats were randomly allocated to treatment with either a placebo or selamectin (6 mg/kg), administered topically once only on day 0. The treatment had no adverse effects in either the dogs or the cats. Efficacy was assessed by counting the live lice (adults and nymphs) on each animal by using a coat-parting technique on days -3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 for the dogs, and on days -1, 7, 21, 35 and 42 for the cats. On day 43, the number of live lice on each dog was also assessed by using a whole-body combing technique. Selamectin was 100 per cent effective in killing biting lice on the dogs and cats throughout the period of assessment; the louse counts on the treated dogs and cats were significantly lower than the pretreatment counts (P = 0.0001) and were also significantly lower than on the placebo-treated dogs (P < 0.05) and cats (P = 0.0001). There was a marked reduction in the prevalence of clinical signs associated with ectoparasite infestation in the treated dogs and no clinical signs were observed in any of the treated cats.

The raccoon (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is described as a host of the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778). The present note reports the occurrence of this species of louse on two raccoon dogs from Moravia and Bohemia. The specimens of T. canis collected on this host differed from T. canis originating from the domestic dog by body size only.

Little is known about the prevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae in ticks and fleas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2008, 12 Amblyomma compressum ticks were collected from 3 pangolins (Manis gigantea). Two Haemaphysalis punctaleachi ticks were collected from 2 African civets (Civettictis civetta congica), and one was collected from an antelope (Onotragus leche). A total of 111 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, 23 Ctenocephalides canis fleas, 39 C. felts fleas, and 5 Trichodectes canis lice were sampled from 19 dogs. One C. canis flea was collected from a human. Six of the 12 A. cornpressum ticks were positive for rickettsial DNA, as determined by genus-specific qPCR. The ompA gene sequences amplified from positive samples showed 100% homology with Rickettsia africae (GenBank accession number CP001612). The detection of Ri. africae in A. compressum ticks, which are highly specialized parasites of pangolins, is consistent with our previous data showing the presence of Ri. africae in A. cornpressum ticks from Liberia. No other ticks contained rickettsial DNA. A total of 9 C. canis fleas (39%, 9/23) and 37 C. fells fleas (95%, 37/39) that was collected from dogs and one C. canis flea collected from a human harbored Ri. felis.

Background The studies reported here were conducted to ascertain the efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against infestations of dogs by fleas, ticks, mites and lice. Efficacy was evaluated against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis, the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor variabilis, the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and the biting louse Trichodectes canis. Methods Groups of collar-treated dogs (n = 7–10) were infested with fleas and/or ticks at monthly intervals at least, over a period of up to 8 months. Efficacy against fleas was evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment and 24 h after each re-infestation. Efficacy against ticks was evaluated at 48 h (acaricidal), 6 h (repellent) and 48 h (sustained) after infestation. The effect of regular shampooing or immersion in water on the efficacy of the collars was also tested. Efficacy against flea larvae was assessed by incubating blanket samples after dog contact with viable flea eggs. Effectiveness against lice and mites was evaluated after treatment of naturally infested animals. With the exception of the mites, efficacy was calculated by comparison with untreated negative control groups. Results Efficacy against fleas (24 h) generally exceeded 95%, and against flea larvae it exceeded 99% for 8 months. Sustained acaricidal (48 h) efficacy, covering a period of 8 months was 100% against I. ricinus, starting 2 days after treatment (in vivo), and 100% against I. scapularis (in vitro), above 97% against R. sanguineus, generally above 97% against D. reticulatus and above 90% for D. variabilis. Repellent (6 h) efficacy 2 days after treatment and continuing for 8 months was consistently 100% against I. ricinus, and above 90% against R. sanguineus. Regular shampooing affected efficacy against fleas and ticks to a lesser extent than regular immersion in water. The collars eliminated Trichodectes canis within 2 days and Sarcoptes scabiei within 3 months. Conclusion The rapid insecticidal and acaricidal properties of the medicated collars against newly-acquired infestations of fleas and ticks and their sustained high levels of preventive efficacy have been clearly shown. Consequently they have the potential to prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases and other conditions directly associated with infestation throughout an entire season of parasite abundance.

Dogs infested with lice belonging either to the group of Mallophaga (hairlings, i.e., Trichodectes canis) or Anoplura (bloodsucking lice, e.g., Linognathus setosus) were washed with the neem seed preparations MiteStop® or Wash Away Dog. It was found that a single treatment with one of these products killed both motile stages and those developing inside eggs (nits) being glued at the hair. In both cases the product had been left for 20 min onto the hair before it was washed away just with normal tap water.

Objetivou-se identificar os ectoparasitos de animais silvestres recepcionados pelo Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, São Luís, Maranhão. Os ectopararasitos identificados foram: piolhos Acidoproctus sp., Trinoton sp., Ciconiphilus sp, Austromenopon sp., Quadraceps sp., Saemundssonia sp. e Trichodectes canis; carrapato Amblyomma rotundatum e Rhipicephalus sanguineus; pulgas Ctenocephalides felis e larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax. Os resultados apresentados documentam a infestação de mamíferos, répteis e aves silvestres por ectoparasitos. The objective of this study was to identify the ectoparasites of wild animals received by the Center of Wild Animals of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The ectoparasites identified were: the lice Acidoproctus sp., Trinoton sp., Ciconiphilus sp., Austromenopon sp., Quadraceps sp., Saemundssonia sp., and Trichodectes canis; the ticks Amblyomma rotundatum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus; the fleas Ctenocephalides felis, and larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax. The data presented register the infestation of wild mammals, reptiles and birds by ectoparasites.

Background Dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. They may harbour a wide range of parasites with zoonotic potential, thus causing a health risk to humans. In Nigeria, epidemiological knowledge on these parasites is limited. Methods In a community-based study, we examined 396 dogs in urban and rural areas of Ilorin (Kwara State, Central Nigeria) for ectoparasites and intestinal helminths. In addition, a questionnaire regarding knowledge and practices was applied to pet owners. Results Nine ectoparasite species belonging to four taxa and six intestinal helminth species were identified: fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans), mites (Demodex canis, Otodectes sp., Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis), ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes sp.), and lice (Trichodectes canis); and Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, Taenidae and Strongyloides sp. Overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 60.4% and of intestinal helminths 68.4%. The occurrence of C. canis, R. sanguineus, T. canis, Ancylostoma sp. and T. vulpis was most common (prevalence 14.4% to 41.7%). Prevalence patterns in helminths were age-dependent, with T. canis showing a decreasing prevalence with age of host, and a reverse trend in other parasite species. Knowledge regarding zoonoses was very limited and the diseases not considered a major health problem. Treatment with antiparasitic drugs was more frequent in urban areas. Conclusion Parasites of importance for human health were highly prevalent in Nigerian dogs. Interventions should include health education provided to dog owners and the establishment of a program focusing on zoonotic diseases.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612008000400003.pdf: 36695 bytes, checksum: d64d926b1eddf78926a74622e45df2ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612008000400003.pdf: 36695 bytes, checksum: d64d926b1eddf78926a74622e45df2ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612008000400003.pdf: 36695 bytes, checksum: d64d926b1eddf78926a74622e45df2ad (MD5) S1984-29612008000400003.pdf.txt: 21599 bytes, checksum: 242a2ab1d6beb92843e0b00094ef638b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:09:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612008000400003.pdf: 36695 bytes, checksum: d64d926b1eddf78926a74622e45df2ad (MD5) S1984-29612008000400003.pdf.txt: 21599 bytes, checksum: 242a2ab1d6beb92843e0b00094ef638b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612008000400003.pdf: 36695 bytes, checksum: d64d926b1eddf78926a74622e45df2ad (MD5) S1984-29612008000400003.pdf.txt: 21599 bytes, checksum: 242a2ab1d6beb92843e0b00094ef638b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 No presente trabalho caracterizou-se a população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleo de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG. As coletas foram realizadas de julho a setembro de 2003, examinando-se 101 cães SRD (sem raça definida). Os ectoparasitos foram coletados através de inspeção visual e tátil dos animais e acondicionados em frascos com etanol 70°GL e identificados sob estereoscopia. Espécimes foram clarificados e montados para análise em microscopia fotônica. Dentre os sifonápteros, Ctenocephalides felis foi mais prevalente (64,35%) com intensidade média de 6,12 ± 5,37 sifonápteros/cão, seguido por Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3,96%), híbrida C. felis X C. canis (1,98%), Tunga penetrans (1,98%). Aúnica espécie de fitiráptero encontrada foi Trichodectes canis (7,92%) com 1,3 ± 0,51 fitiráptero/cão. Dentre os ixodídeos, Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi a espécie mais prevalente (49,50%) com intensidade média de 6,44 ± 10,2 ixodídeos/ cão, seguido por Amblyomma cajennense (3,96%), Boophilus microplus (2,97%), A. ovale (1%) e A. aureolatum (1%). As ninfas de ixodídeos foram separadas em ninfas de Amblyomminae (58,41%) com 10,11 ± 10,09 ninfas/cão e ninfas Rhipicephalinae (24,75%) com 2,64 ± 3,25 ninfas/cão. em 3,96 % dos cães foram encontradas larvas de ixodídeo. The present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of expansão urbana of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The collections were conducted from July to September 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. The ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70° GL ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. Specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis under a photonic microscope. Among the siphonaptera, Ctenocephalides felis was the most prevalent (64.35%), with mean intensity of 6.12 ± 5.37 siphonaptera/dog, followed by Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3.96%), a hybrid of C. felis X C. canis (1.98%), and Tunga penetrans (1.98%). The only species of phthiraptera found was Trichodectes canis (7.92%), with 1.3 ± 0.51 phthiraptera/dog. Among the ixodidae, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most prevalent species (49.50%), with a mean intensity of 6.44 ± 10.2 ixodidae/dog, followed by Amblyomma cajennense (3.96%), Boophilus microplus (2.97%), A. ovale (1%) and A. aureolatum (1%). The ixodid nymphs were separated into aAmblyomminae nymphs (58.41%), with 10.11 ± 10.09 nymphs/dog, and Rhipicephalinae nymphs ¹(24.75%), with 2.64 ± 3.25 nymphs/dog. Ixodid larvae were found on 3.96 % of the dogs. UFJF, Univ Hosp, Ctr Estudos Pesquisa & Extensao, BR-36036110 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil UFJF, Dept Zool, BR-36036900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Curso Posgrad Med Vet, Dept Cirurgia & Anestesiol, BR-18608080 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Curso Posgrad Med Vet, Dept Cirurgia & Anestesiol, BR-18608080 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Trichodectes canis (DeGeer) Chester Co., Blackstock, 12 March 1992, ex Homo sapiens, coll. G. Lewis. The collection of a dog louse from a human represents an accidental association but demonstrates the potential for these lice to come into contact with people. The dog chewing louse, T. canis, is an intermediate host for the ���double pored��� dog tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus). Human infections with D. caninum have been reported in South Carolina (Anonymous 1976). This louse also infests wild canids (Durden 2001)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A. & Wrenn, William J., 2004, Ectoparasitic chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae), lice (Phthiraptera), and Hemiptera (Cimicidae and Reduviidae) from South Carolina, U. S. A., pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 647 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158298

This study was designed to investigate the incidence of ectoparasite infestation among stray dogs in Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea. A total of 103 stray dogs collected in the Animal Shelter of Gwang-ju City from November 2003 to August 2005 were investigated in this study. Ectoparasites of one or more genera were detected in 45.6% (47 / 103) of the dogs examined for dermatologic lesions and/or skin scrapings (from 3-5 affected areas). Otodectes cynotis was found to be the most frequent parasite (22.3%, 23 / 103), followed by Sarcoptes scabiei var canis (19.4%, 20 / 103), Ctenocephalides canis (6.8%, 7 / 103), Demodex canis (4.9%, 5 / 103), and Trichodectes canis (1.0%, 1 / 103). Monospecific infestation was found in 83.0% (39 / 47) of the affected dogs, whereas concurrent infestations with 2 or more ectoparasites per animal were found in 17.0% (8 / 47) of the affected dogs. Trichodectes canis is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea. Dogs less than 1 yr old were more heavily infected than other age groups (66.7%), and small-sized dogs of less than 3 kg body weight were more heavily infected than larger dogs (41.7%).

We report on the distribution of 15 chiggers, 31 lice of mammals, and 7 blood feeding hemipteran species in South Carolina. Some of these arthropods are vectors of pathogens to humans and domestic animals. Both Triatoma lecticularia and T. sanguisuga were reported from houses and these bugs are potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. We also report on the continued presence of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in homes across the state. In addition we found the lice Haematopinus suis, Neohaematopinus sciuropteri, Pediculis humanus, Polyplax spinulosa, and Trichodectes canis, all of which are vectors or intermediate hosts of human or animal pathogens.

Three tick, 1 louse and 2 mite species were recovered from 19 wild canids, including 5 Red Wolves ( Canis rufus gregoryi ), 6 Coyotes ( Canis latrans ), and 8 Red Wolf × Coyote hybrids, from the Gulf Coastal Prairies of southeast Texas and southwest Louisiana. An additional 386 canids, including Red Wolves, Coyotes, Red Wolf × dog hybrids, and Red Wolf × Coyote hybrids, were examined from 1974 through 1979 for sarcoptic mange. Ectoparasites recovered from wild canids included Amblyomma americanum (7% of hosts infected), Amblyomma maculatum (80%), Ixodes scapularis (1.3%), Trichodectes canis (7%), Sarcoptes scabiei (9%), and Demodex sp. (0.3%). This is the first report of a species of Demodex in a wild canid host and the first definitive report of S. scabiei from these hosts in Texas. The 34 cases of sarcoptic mange encountered in this study demonstrated varying degrees of alopecia, scabby encrustations, slate-gray discoloration, and thickening of the skin. A female Red Wolf with mange and several captive Red Wolves suffering from sarcoptic mange were treated by shampooing with Mycodex® pet shampoo with lindane followed by application of benzyl benzoate with lindane. This treatment was successful in curing most severe infections of sarcoptic mange and the single case of demodectic mange in these hosts. The ramifications of ectoparasitism, especially mange, in these hosts are discussed.